Structures E3/S3

Moment Distribution
– for structures subjected to sway

Jinyan Wang
 Structures subjected to sway

Frames will generally sway sideways with

 Lateral (horizontal) loading
 Off-centre vertical loading
 Unsymmetrical frames
 Structures subjected to sway

Frames will generally sway sideways with

 Lateral (horizontal) loading
 Off-centre vertical loading
 Unsymmetrical frames
 Moment distribution – sway
frames
The solution – Sway frames
1) No sway – introduce a PROP at the level of the beam to prevent
sway
2) Sway correction – the actual loading is removed and an arbitrary
swaying force is applied at the level of the beam, which is
subsequently adjusted to eliminate the PROP force

PROP PRO
2 3
P
W W

1 4 =
No sway Sway correction
 Moment distribution – sway
1) No sway
frames
a) introduce a PROP at the level of the beam to prevent
sway
b) Obtain FEMs for members carrying loads
c) Determine the distribution factors
d) Carry out moment distribution for the structure
e) Calculate horizontal reactions at joints 1 and 4
f) Find the valuePROP 2 using horizontal
of the PROP force
2 equilibrium Taking moments about joint
3
x
2
W h
W
1 4 3 1
No sway
Taking moments about joint
h

Prop force 3

4
 Moment distribution – sway
frames
2) Arbitrary Sway

Prop
force Δ Δ
2 3

1 4

Arbitrary sway
 Moment distribution – sway
frames
2) Arbitrary Sway
a) Give the frame a displacement Δ to right preventing
rotation of joints 2 and 3
b) Moments are induced in column, note: any moments in
the correct proportion may be used, i.e. Δ is arbitrary
a) Carry out moment distribution - using the same
distribution factors as for the propped case,
b) Determine H1 and H4
c) Calculate sway force WS
d) Correct the sway force by multiplying by correction factor
PROP/ WS
Δ Δ

2 3

1 4
 Moment distribution – sway
frames
The solution is obtained in two parts
1) No sway – introduce a PROP at the level of the beam to prevent
sway
2) Sway correction – the actual loading is removed and an arbitrary
swaying force is applied at the level of the beam, which is
subsequently adjusted to eliminate the PROP force

Final moments
= propped moments + arbitrary sway moments × sway correction factor
PROP
2 3
W W

1 4 =
No sway Arbitrary sway
 Example – frame with sway
12kN/m Frame was built using
25k the same material
N 2 B 3
A
4m

8m
C
1
8m 4

12kN/m Prop
2 3
25k Prop
N

1
4

No sway Sway correction

 Example – frame with sway

1) No Sway
12kN/m Distribution factors
25k 3
N 2 B
Prop
A
4m

8m
C
1
8m 4

Fixed end moments

 Example – frame with sway
12kN/m Prop
25k
N B
1) No Sway 2 3
A
C
1
4
1 2 3 4
Distribution factor 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

Fixed end moments -64 64

First 25.6 38.4 -32 -32

distribution
Carry over 12.8 -16 19.2 -16
moments
Second 6.4 9.6 -9.6 -9.6
distribution
Carry over 3.2 -4.8 4.8 -4.8
moments
Third 1.92 2.88 -2.4 -2.4
distribution
Carry over 0.96 -1.2 1.44 -1.2
moments
Fourth 0.48 0.72 -0.72 -0.72
distribution
Carry over moments 0.24 -0.36 0.36 -0.36

Total moment 16.96 34.4 -34.4 44.72 -44.72 -22

 Example – frame with sway
1 2 3 4
1) No Sway Total moment16.96 -
34.4 - 44.7 -
34.4 2 44.72 22
12kN/m
25k 3
N 2 Prop 2
B
A ?
4m

8m

4m
1
4
8m 1

3
Prop force
=
8m

4
 Example – frame with sway
12kN/m
25k
N 2 B 3
A
4m

8m
C
1
8m 4

12kN/m
29.5k 29.5k
2 3N N
25k
B
N A
C
1
4
No sway Sway only
 Example – frame with sway

2) Arbitrary Sway
Fixed end moments

Δ Δ
4m

8m

8m If choose
Then
 Example – frame with sway
2 3
2) Arbitrary Sway
1 4
1 2 3 4
Distribution factor 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

Fixed end moments -60 -60 -45 -45

First 24 36 22.5 22.5

distribution
Carry over 12 11.25 18 11.25
moments
Second -4.5 -6.75 -9 -9
distribution
Carry over -2.25 -4.5 -3.38 -4.5
moments
Third 1.8 2.7 1.69 1.69
distribution
Carry over 0.9 0.85 1.35 0.85
moments
Fourth -0.34 -0.51 -0.67 -0.68
distribution
Carry over moments -0.17 -0.34 0.25 -0.34

Total moment -49.35 -39.04 39.04 30.49 -30.49 -

 Example – frame with sway
1 2 3 4
2) Arbitrary Sway
Total moment-49.35 - 39.0 30.4 - -
39.04 4 9 30.49 37.
4
2 3 Sway 2
B
A
force?
4m

8m
C

4m
1
4
8m 1

Sway 3
force 8m

4
 Example – frame with sway

3) Sway Correction Factor

12kN/m 30.59k
29.5k
2 3N N
25k
B
N A
C
1
4

No sway Arbitrary sway

Sway correction factor

=
 Example – frame with sway

Moment - Propped
1 2 3 4
Moment – propped 16.96 34.4 -34.4 44.72 -44.72 -
22

Moment – Arbitrary sway

1 2 3 4
Moment – Arbitrary -49.35 -39.04 39.04 30.49 -30.49 -
sway 37.4

Sway Correction Factor =

0.964
1 2 3 4
Moment – Propped 16.96 34.4 -34.4 44.72 -44.72 -
×0.964 Moment – Arbitrary -49.35 -39.04 39.04 30.49 -30.49 22
-
sway
Moment – Corrected -47.61 -37.67 37.67 29.42 -29.42 37.4
-
36.0
Final Moment -30.65 -3.27 3.27 74.14 -74.14 -
8
58.0
8
 Example – frame with sway
Draw BMD
12kN/m
25k
N 2 B 3
A
4m

C 8m
1
8m 4

(kNm)

1 2 3 4
Final Moment -30.65 -3.27 3.27 74.14 -74.14 -
58.0
 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned enme
5kN/m
30k Distribution factors
N
B C !"
4×
5
5m

=0.67
!" !"
4× +4×
A D 5 10
10m

Fixed end moments

 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
5kN/m
30k Fixed end moments
N
B C
5m

A D
10m
A B C D
Distribution 0.6 0.33 0.4 0.6
factor 7
Fixed end -41.7 41.7
moments 13.8 -16.7 -25
First 27.9
distribution
Carry over 14 -8.4 6.9
moments
Second 5.6 2.8 -2.8 -4.1
distribution
Carry over 2.8 -1.4 1.4
moments

Total 14 33.5 -33.5 29.1 -29.1 0

 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end33.5 29.1
5kN/m 33.
30k 5 29.1
N B C
B C
5m

A D 14
10m A D

A B C D
Distribution 0.6 0.33 0.4 0.6
factor 7
Fixed end -41.7 41.7
moments 13.8 -16.7 -25
First 27.9
distribution
Carry over 14 -8.4 6.9
moments
Second 5.6 2.8 -2.8 -4.1
distribution
Carry over 2.8 -1.4 1.4
moments

Total 14 33.5 -33.5 29.1 -29.1 0

 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
33.5 29.1
30k Prop
30
N
B C
5m

14
A 10m D

B C

D
HA HD
A
 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
Δ Δ

B C
5m

A D
10m

A B C D
Distribution factor 0.67 0.33 0.4 0.6
Fixed end moments -24 -24 -12
First 16 8 4.8 7.2
distribution
Carry over 2.4 4
8
moments
Second -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 -2.4
distribution
Carry over moments -0.8 -0.8 -0.4

Total -16 -9.6 9.6 7.2 -7.2 0

 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
B B 9.6 7.2

C C

16
A Arbitrary sway D A D

A B C D
Distribution factor 0.67 0.33 0.4 0.6
Fixed end moments -24 -24 -12
First 16 8 4.8 7.2
distribution
Carry over 8 2.4 4
moments
Second -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 -2.4
distribution
Carry over moments -0.8 -0.8 -0.4

Total -16 -9.6 9.6 7.2 -7.2 0

 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
B 9.6 7.2

16
A Arbitrary sway D

B C

D
HA HD
A
 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end

B 9.6 7.2

16
A Arbitrary sway D

49 36.7

81.6
Sway correction
 Example – Sway frame with
a pinned end
33.4 29.2
30k
N
B C

15.6 65.9
14
A D B C
62.5

49 36.7
67.6
A D
(kNm)

81.6
Sway correction
 Moment distribution –
sway frames

Any questions?