EAT103-Applied Mechanics

Dr Nida Naveed
Shear force and bending moment
diagrams
 Objectives
In most practical situations beams are subjected to a
combination of concentrated loads and uniformly
distributed loads (u.d.l).

• To study the effects of concentrated loads and

uniformly distributed loads on beams behaviour.

• To learn how to draw shear force and bending moment

diagrams for different loading conditions, i.e
concentrated load, uniformly distributed loads and
combine both of them for simply supported beams.
 Shear force
• A force that acts perpendicular to the axis of the member, causing
the internal particles of the member to slide against each other.

Shearing the beam

Force
 Bending Moment
• When an external force or moment is applied to the beam causing the
beam to bend.
• Moments, at any point, are calculated by multiplying the magnitude of
the external forces (loads or reactions) by the distance between the
point at which moment is being determined and the point at which the
external forces (loads or reactions) are being applied.
force
 Shear Force and Bending Moments
Common Relationships

Share force is
zero

Value of
bending
moment is
maximum
Example 1: Shear force and bending moment diagrams
Construct shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam
10kN
B

A C
2m 3m
Ra Rb
Firstly we must find the reactions at the supports;

First condition: Second condition:

Ra + Rc= 10 --------Eq1 Moments around C
Ra*5 = 10*3
Eq1: 5Ra = 30
6 + Rc= 10 Ra = 30/5
Rc = 4 kN Ra = 6 kN
 Solution 1
Shear Force Diagram (SFD) 10kN

6kN 3m 4kN
2m

+6 +6

6kN
+ ve

10kN - ve 4kN
-4
+6-10= - 4
 Solution 1
Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)

10kN
A B C
Position Moment
At A 6*0=0
6kN 3m 4kN
2m
At B 6 * 2 - 10 * 0
= 12 kN m
12kNm
At C 6 * 5 - 10 * 3 = 0

+ ve

A C
 Example 2
Calculate the reactions and produce a shear force and bending moment
diagram.

3kN 4kN 1kN

A B

4m 5m 3m 2m
 Solution 2
Solution: First calculate the reactions forces

1st condition of equilibrium:

Ra + Rb = 3 + 4 + 1
Ra + Rb = 8---------Eq1 Ra Rb
2nd condition of equilibrium
Moment at B=0
Ra * 14 = (3 * 10) + (4 * 5) + (1 * 2)
Ra = 3.7 kN
Eq1
Ra + Rb = 8
3.7 + Rb = 8
Rb = 4.28 kN
 Shear Force Diagram (SFD) Solution 2
3kN 4kN 1kN

5m 3m 2m 4.29 kN
3.71kN 4m

3.71 3.71
+ ve
3.71-3 = 0.71 0.71 - 4.29 + 4.29 = 0
+ ve

- ve

- 3.29
0.71 - 4 = - 3.29

-3.29 – 1= - 4.29 - 4.29

 Solution 2
Calculating Bending Moments

3kN 4kN 1kN

A B C D E

L R

3.71 4m 5m 3m 2m 4.29

Working out Bending Moments

MA = 3.71 * 0 = 0
MB = 3.71 * 4 = 14.84
MC = (3.71 * 9) – (3 * 5) = 18.39
MD = (3.71 *12) – (3 * 8) – (4 * 3) – (1*0) = 8.52
ME = (3.71 * 14) – (3 * 10) – (4 * 5) – (1 * 2) + (4.29 * 0)= 0
 Solution 2
Bending Moment Diagram

A 3kN 4kN 1kN

B C D E

L R

3.71 4m 5m 3m 2m 4.29

18.39 kNm
14.84 kNm
8.58 kNm
+ ve

0 0
 Example 3
Calculate the reactions and produce a shear force and bending
moment diagram

Solution
 Example 3: Reaction Forces
Solution: Calculate the reactions forces

Ra Rb
Firstly we must find the reactions at the supports;

First condition: Second condition:

Ra + Rb = 15 -----------------Eq1 Moments around B=0
Eq1: Ra*5 = 15*2.5
7.5 + Rb= 15 Ra = 7.5 kN
Rb = 7.5 kN
 Shear Force and Bending Moments
Common Relationships
 Solution 3

Ra = 7.5 kN Rb = 7.5 kN

7.5 kN
+ ve
- 7.5 + 7.5 = 0
- ve
- 7.5 kN
- 3x5= - 15KN
7.5 – 15= -7.5 kN
 Example 3: Reaction Forces
Solution: Calculate the reactions forces

Ra = 7.5 kN
Rb = 7.5 kN

Working out Bending Moments

MA = 7.5 * 0 = 0
Mcmax = (7.5 * 2.5) – (3 * 2. 5 * 2.5/2 ) = 9.375 kNm
MB = (7.5 * 5) – (3 * 5 * 5/2 )+7.5 * 0 = 0
 Solution 3

Bending Moments
Ra = 7.5 kN Rb = 7.5 kN MA = 0
Mmid = 9.375 KNm
MB = 0
7.5 kN
+ ve

- ve
9.375 KNm
7.5 kN
+ ve

0 0
 Example 4
Calculate the reactions and produce a shear force and bending
moment diagram.
 Solution 4
Solution: Calculate the reactions forces

First condition: Second condition:

Ra + Rb = 7.5 -----Eq1 Moments around B = 0
Ra*5 = 7.5*3.75
Eq1 Ra = 5.625 kN
5.625 + Rb= 7.5
Rb = 1.875 kN
 Solution 4

Ra = 5.625 kN Rb = 1.875 kN

5.625 KN

+ ve
- 1.875 + 1.875 = 0
- ve
5.625 – 7.5 = - 1.875 KN
- 1.875 KN
 Solution 4

+ ve
- ve

Working out Bending Moments

MA = 5.625 * 0 = 0
MC = (5.625 * 2.5) – (3 * 2. 5 * 2.5/2 ) = 4.6875 kNm
MB = (5.625 * 5) – (3 * 2.5) * (2.5/2 + 2.5 ) + 1.875 * 0 = 0
OR
MB = (5.625 * 5) – 7.5 * 3.75 + 1.875 * 0 = 0
 Solution 4

Ra = 5.625 kN Rb = 1.875 kN

5.625 KN
5.625 – 7.5 = - 1.875 KN
+ ve
- 1.875 + 1.875 = 0
- ve
Bending Moments
MA = 0 Max Moment - 1.875 KN
MC = 4.6875 kNm
MC = 4.6875 kNm
MB = 0

0
0
 Solution 4
Maximum Moment

Ra = 5.625 kN Rb = 1.875 kN

5.625 2.5 - x
D
+ ve
- ve
x 1.875
1.875
5.625 1.875 Working out Bending Moments at point D x = 1.875 m (Max Moment)
=
𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
MD = (5.625 * 1.875) – (3 * 1.875 * 1.875/2) = 5.27 kNm
𝑥 = 1.875 m
 Solution 4

Ra = 5.625 kN Rb = 1.875 kN

5.625 KN
5.625 – 7.5 = - 1.875 KN
+ ve
- 1.875 + 1.875 = 0
- ve
Max Moment - 1.875 KN
MC = 4.6875 kNm
5.27 kNm

0
0