SOLUTION TUTORIAL 4

QUESTION 1

i. maximum uniformly distributed load.

VQ 2 marks
τ= ; ⇒ t = 0.05 m; τ = 1.2 MPa
It
bh 3  0.15(0.2 ) − 0.1(0.15) 
3 3
−3 4
I= =  = 7.1875 × 10 m 3 marks
12  12 
Q = ∑ A y =0.15(0.025)0.0875 + 2(0.025)(0.075)0.0375 = 4.6875 × 10 − 4 m 3 3 marks

1.2 × 10 = 6 (
V 4.6875 × 10 − 4 )
⇒ V = 9.2 kN 2 marks
(
7.1875 × 10 −3 0.05 )
V = 9.2 kN
18.4
Total load = 9.2 × 2 ⇒ w = = 4.6 kN / m 2 marks
4

ii. the beam experienced maximum shearing stress at both supports and decreasing to
zero at mid length, meanwhile for point load the shearing stress distribution is the
same along the beam. 3 marks

9.2 kN 9.2 kN

9.2 kN

9.2 kN
18.4 kN

9.2 kN
9.2 kN

9.2 kN

9.2 kN
QUESTION 2

i) The support reactions at B and C,

450 kN 30 kN

RB RC

0;
ΣM C =

− RB ( 6 ) + 450 ( 4.5 ) + 30 ( 2 ) =
0

RB = 347.5 kN Ans.

RC = 132.5 kN Ans.

ii) The maximum shear force and bending moment in the beam,

30 kN
50 kN/m

RB RC

V (kN)
197.5

X (m)
-2.5
-32.5
-132.5
-150

M(kNm)
165.1 165.04

X (m)

-225
iii) The shear stress in the cross-section at point J, at the section of maximum shear
force,

N.A
2
120 mm

1
3 2

Moment of inertia:

Part Area (m2) Io (m4) d (m) Io + Ad2 (m4)

1 2.5 x 10-3 2.083 x 10-8 0.195 9.508 x 10-5
2 3.8 x 10-3 4.573 x 10-5 0 4.573 x 10-5
3 2.5 x 10-3 2.083 x 10-8 0.195 9.508 x 10-5
2.359 x 10-4

Total Moment of Inertia = 2.359 x 10-4 m4

t = 0.01m

Vmax = 197.5 kN

0.01( 0.07 )( 0.155 ) + 0.25 ( 0.01)( 0.195 ) =

QJ = 5.96 ×10−4 m3

=
Vmax QJ 197.5 kN 5.96 ×10 m
τJ =
−4
(3

= 49.9 MPa Ans.

)
It 2.359 ×10−4 m 4 ( 0.01m )

iv) The maximum shear stress in the cross-section

t = 0.01m

Vmax = 197.5 kN

0.01( 0.19 )( 0.095 ) + 0.25 ( 0.01)( 0.195 ) =

Qmax = 6.68 ×10−4 m3

=
Vmax Qmax 197.5 kN 6.68 ×10 m
τ max =
−4
(
3

= 55.93MPa Ans.
)
It 2.359 ×10−4 m 4 ( 0.01m )

v) The magnitude of maximum bending stress in the beam.

Mc 165.1×10 ( 0.2 )
3

σ=
max = = 139.97 MPa Ans.
I 2,359 ×10−4
QUESTION 3

FBD and support reactions

750 N/m

1 mark FBD

MD= 630 Nm

RA 700 N RB

𝛴𝛴𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 0, 750(4.8)(2.4) + 700(1.5) + 630 = 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 (4.8)

1 mark: 0.5 each equation
𝛴𝛴𝐹𝐹𝑌𝑌 = 0, 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 + 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 700 + 750(4.8)

RB = 2150 N 1 mark: 0.5 each

RA = 2150 N

Internal moment equation and integrating twice

𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥) = 2150(𝑥𝑥 − 0)1 −

750
(𝑥𝑥 − 0)2 − 700〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉1 − 630〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉0 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 2 marks
2

𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥) 0.5 mark: equate
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = −375𝑥𝑥 2 + 2150𝑥𝑥 − 700〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉1 − 630〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉0 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 mark
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = −125𝑥𝑥 3 + 1075𝑥𝑥 2 − 350〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉2 − 630〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉1 + 𝐶𝐶1 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥

𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = −31.25𝑥𝑥 4 + 358.3𝑥𝑥 2 − 116.7〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉3 − 315〈𝑥𝑥 − 3.3〉2 + 𝐶𝐶1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚3 1 mark

Boundary conditions

At x = 0, y = 0: 0.5 mark

C2 = 0 0.5 mark

At x 4.8, y= 0: 0.5 mark

C1 = -4570 0.5 mark

Moment of inertia

𝐼𝐼 =
𝑏𝑏ℎ3
= 8.79𝑥𝑥10−7 𝑚𝑚4 1 mark: 0.5 formula, 0.5 answer
12

Deflection at point C

Substituting E = 200GPa, 𝐼𝐼 = 0.879𝑥𝑥10−6 𝑚𝑚4 , and x = 2.4 m:

𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐 = −31.25(2.4)4 + 358.3(2.4)2 − 116.7〈−0.9〉3 − 315〈−0.9〉2 ± 4570(2.4) + 0 0.5 mark

yc = -0.04 m = -40 mm 1 mark

QUESTION 4

a)
2 marks:

σ 0.5 square element,

0.5 normal stress directions,

τ

𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃 1.5 marks
𝜎𝜎 = = 2
𝐴𝐴 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 2𝑇𝑇 1.5 marks
𝜏𝜏 = = 𝜋𝜋 = 3
𝐽𝐽 𝑟𝑟 4 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟
2

b)
1 mark
(45, -122)
1 mark
(110, -τxy)

2α

Θ1
Θ2
(σ2, 0) C (30,0) (σ1, 0) σ (MPa)
0.5 mark: center
0.5 mark: circle shape

1 mark: axis labels

(-50, τxy)

τ (15, 122)
(MPa)
Centre of circle, C
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒+𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝐂𝐂 = � � = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
𝟐𝟐

Radius of circle, R
𝐑𝐑𝟐𝟐 = (𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐
𝐑𝐑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 2 marks: 1 equation, 1 answer
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟐 = (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)𝟐𝟐 + 𝝉𝝉𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 𝟐𝟐

𝝉𝝉𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 1.5 marks: 1 equation, 0.5 answer

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝜽𝜽𝟏𝟏 = 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭−𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗° 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝜽𝜽𝟐𝟐 = 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭−𝟏𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑° 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝜽𝜽𝟏𝟏 − 𝜽𝜽𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗° − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑° = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓° 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer

𝜶𝜶 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕° 0.5 mark

σ2 = Minimum principal stress = C - R = -92.9187 MPa 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer

σ1 = Maximum principal stress C + R = 152.9187 MPa 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer

Maximum shearing stress = R = 122.9187 MPa 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer

QUESTION 5

a) 𝛾𝛾 1 mark
2 −1500

𝜀𝜀1 = 1500
𝜀𝜀2 = −1500 1 mark
1 mark
0 ε

1500

1 mark
b)

Plane strain: state of strain in which the strain normal to the x-y plane , εz and the shear
strain, γyz, and γxz, are assumed to be zero. 2 marks

Examples of application:
1. Dams subjected to hydrostatic pressure.
2. Solid propellant rockets.
(Any logical examples which described a long prismatic body subjected to transverse
loadings which do not change in the longitudinal direction of the body). 2 marks for
one example
c)
𝛾𝛾
(10−6 )
2
−309
𝜀𝜀𝑥𝑥 = 192
1 mark: ε2 −100
𝜀𝜀1 = 209
𝜀𝜀2 = −409

−100 ε (10−6)
1 mark:
𝜀𝜀𝑦𝑦 = −392 center
1 mark: correct axes

R = C − ε2 = −100 μ − (−409 μ) = 309 μ 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer

ε1 = C + R = −100 μ + 309 μ = 209 μ 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
γmax = R × 2 = 309 μ × 2 = 618 μ 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
R sin θ = 200 μ/2
100𝜇𝜇
θ = sin−1 = 18.88° 1 mark: 0.5 equation, 0.5 answer
309𝜇𝜇
εx = C + R cos 18.88° = 192 μ 1.5 marks: 0.5 equation, 1 answer
εy = C − R cos 18.88° = −392 μ 1.5 marks: 0.5 equation, 1 answer