10 Problem and Solution

In
Strength of Materials

Submitted by: Sean Kyle Panganiban

BSIT 2D COMPUTER TECHNOLGY
Submitted to: Jamil T. Elamparo
1. For and overhanging beam shown in figure.
Determine support reactions at A&B.
Draw SFD & BMD and find point of contra flexure.
10KN 24KN 15KN

A D B
C E
2m 4m 3m 3m

RA = RB=

Given data
<i> RA & RB =?
<ii> SFD & BMD =?
<iii> Point of Contra Flexure
Solving
Step 1: Calculation of support reactions:
<i> ∑ Fy = 0 (↑ +ve & ↓-ve)
∴ RA + RB – 10 – 24 – 15 = 0 ∴ RA + 32.29 = 49

∴ [ RA + RB = 49 ] ∴ RA = 49 – 32.29

<ii> ∑ MA = 0 ( ↻+ve & ↺–ve) ∴ RA = 16.71 KN

(-RB ×7) + (15 × 10) + (24×4) – (10×2) = 0 Put “RA = 16.71KN” in equation 1

RB = 32.29 KN
Put “RB = 32.29 KN” in equation 1

Step 2: Shear Force Calculations

<i> Shear Force at point C = -10 KN +ve - ve

<ii> Shear Force at point A = -10 - 16.71 = +6.71 KN

<iii> Shear Force at point D = -10 + 16.71 - 24 = -17. 29 KN
<iv> Shear Force at point B = -10 + 16.71 – 24 + 32.29 = +15 KN
<v> Shear Force at point E = +15 KN
 A D B
C E
2m 4m 3m 3m

15 KN 15 KN

6.71KN 6.71KN
Shear Force
+
+
Diagram
_
_
10 KN 10 KN

17.29KN 17.29KN

Step No. 3 Bending Moment Calculations

+ve -ve
<i> MC = ME = 0 [It is overhanging beam]
<ii> MA = -10 × 2 = -20 KNM ↻↺ ↺↻
<iii> MB = -15 × 3 = - 45 KNM
<iv> MD = (-10 × 6 ) + (16.71 × 4)
∴ MB = +6.87 KNM
Bending Moment Diagram

6.87 KNM
MC = 0 + ME = 0
__
__

20 KNM
45 KNM

Step 4: Location of point of Contra flexure

x1 x2
6.87 KNM
20 KNM (4 - x1)
(3 - x2 )
20 6.87
= 6.87 45
x 1 (4−x 1 ) =
(3−x 2) x 2

∴ 20(4 – x1 ) = 6.87x1
∴ 6.87 x2 = 135 – 45x2
∴ 80 – 20x1 = 6.87x1
∴x2 = 0.4m from point B
∴x1 = 2.8m from point A.
2. A Simply supported beam loaded a shown in figure:

200 N 180 N/m

B C
A D
1m 7m 2m

RB = RC =
Draw Shear Force Diagram & Bending Moment Diagram locate point of contra flexure if any.
Given data
<i>SFD & BMD?
<ii> Point of contra-flexure

Solving:
Step 1: Calculation of Support reactions. Step 2: Shear Force Calculations
<i> ∑ fy = 0 (↑ +ve & ↓ -ve) <i> SF at point A = -200 N

∴RB + RC – 200 – (180×10) = 0 <ii> SF at point B = -200 – 180 = -380 N

∴[ RB + RC = 2000N ] <iii> SF at point B = -200 – 180 + 1000 = +620 N

<ii> ∑ MB = 0 ( ↻ +ve & ↺ -ve) <iv> SF at point C = -200 – 180 + 1000 – 1260 = -640 N
<v> SF at point C = -200 – 180 + 1000 – 1260 + 1000 = 360 N
∴ - RC ×7 +(1800 × 4) – (200 × 1) = 0
<vi> SF at point D = 0
∴RC =1000 N
Put `RC = 1000 N’ in equation 1
∴RB + 1000 = 2000 Shear Force Diagram
∴RB + 1000
620 N

360 N

+ +

200 N
380 N

640 N
 MA = 0
Step 3: Bending Moment Calculations
<i> MA = MD = 0 [Overhanging Beam]
<ii> MA = (-200 × 1) – (180 × 0.5)
∴MB = -290 KNM
<ii> MC = -360 × 1 = -360KNM Bending Moment Diagram

_
290 KNM

MMax
_
360 KNM

Step 4: Location of point of Maximum Bending Moment

Parabola Throughout
MD = 0

By similarity of triangles
620 N

620 640 (7-x)

= B C
x (7−x)
x
∴620 (7-x) = 640x
640 N
X = 3.44M from point B
Step 5: Calculation of Maximum Bending Moment
<i> Max B.M. = (-200 × 4.44)
+(1000 × 3.44)
3.44
-(180×3.44× )
2
∴Max B.M. = 777.78 KNM
 3. Draw SFD & BMD for the cantilever beam as shown in the figure:
2.5 KN
3 KN
1KN/m

HA B C D
A E
1m 1.5m 2m 0.5m
MA

RA
Solving:
Step 1: Calculation of support reaction
<i> HA = 0 (∵No horizontal forces)
<ii> ∑fy = 0 (↑+ve & ↓-ve)
RA – 3 – 2.5 – (1×2) = 0
∴ RA = 7.5 KN
<iii> ∑MA = + (2.5×5) + (3×1) + (1×2×3.5)
∴∑MA = +22.5KNM
Step 2: Shear Force Calculation
<i> Shear Force at point E = +2.5KN
7.5KN
0KN

<ii> Shear Force at point D = +2.5KN

<iii> Shear Force at point C = +2.5KN + 2 = +4.5KN e e
v v
+ -
<iv> Shear Force at point B = +4.5 + 3 = +7.5KN
+

<v> Shear Force at point A = +7.5KN

Shear Force Diagram
7.5KN
4.5KN
+

4.5KN
+

2.5KN
+ 2.5KN
0 KN
Step 3: Bending Moment Calculation
<i> ME = 0 (∵ It is free end)
<ii> MD = -(2.5×0.5) = -1.25 KNm

↻↺
e
v
+
↻↺
2
<iii> MC = -(2.5×2.5) – (1×2× )
2

e
v
-
MC = - 8.25 KNm
<iv> MB = -(2.5×4) – [(1×2)×2.5]

0KN
∴MB = -15 KNm
<v> MA = -(2.5×5) - (1×2×3.5)
25.5 KNm

∴ MA = -22.5 KNm
15 KNm

Bending Moment Diagram

_
8.25 KNm

1.25 KNm

0 KN
Parabola from C to D
4. A simply supported beam of span 6m carries a UDL of 1.5 KN/m over entire span & a point load of 2 KN at 2m
from right support Draw Shear Force & Bending Moment Diagrams.
75 KN

22 KN/m
RA = ? RB = ?
D C
A B
2m 3m 3m

Solving:
Step 1: Calculation of support reactions.
<i>∑fy = 0 (↑ +ve & ↓-ve)
∴ RA + RB – 75 – 66 = 0
∴ [RA + RB = 141]
<ii> ∑MA = 0 (↻-ve & ↺-ve)
∴ -RB × 8 + (75×5) + (66 × 3.5) = 0
∴RB =75.75 KN
Put `RB =75.75 KN’ in equation 1
∴ RA = 141-75.75
RA = 65.25 KN
Step 2: Shear Force Calculations
<i> Shear Force at point A = +65.25 KN
65.25KN

<ii> Shear Force at point C = +65.25 – 66 = 0.75 KN

A

<iii> Shear Force at point C = +65.25 – 66 – 75 = 75.75KN

<iv> Shear Force at point B = - 75.75 KN
+

Shear Force Diagram

D

65.25KN
75.75KN

0.75KN

C
_
75.7

B
 KN MA = 0
Step 3: Bending Moment Calculations
MA = MB = 0 [ ∵ Simply Supported ]

A
MC = 75.75 × 3 = 227.25 KNm
MD = 65.25 × 2 = 130.5 KNm

↻↺

e
+v
130.5KNm

↻↺

ve
-
D

Bending Moment Diagram

Mmax
+
C

227.25KNm
B
MB = 0

Calculation of maxm Bending Moment

0.75KN

From Similarity of triangles.

65.25KN
65.25 0.75
( = )
x (3−x ) (3 – x)

∴65.25(3-x) = 0.75x
x 0.75KN
∴(65.25×3) – (65.25x) = 0.75
∴66x = 196.75
196.75
∴x =2.96 m¿ the point D .
66
Taking moment at point
Which is 2.96m from point D.
2.96
Mmax = (65.25 × 4.96) – (22 × 2.96 × ¿
2
Mmax = 227.26KNm
5. An I-section beam 350mm x 200mm has a web thickness of 12.5mm & a flange thickness of 25mm. It carries a
shearing force of 200KN at a section. Sketch shear stress distribution across the section.
Given data – I-section. Y
sF = 200 KN => 200 × 103 N
200
<i>Shear Stress distribution diagram = ? mm
Solving:- ∵ The given I-Section is symmetric. 25 mm

200
∴x = =¿> 100mm
2
350
&y= => 175mm
2 350
mm

∵ M.I. about Neutral axis is given by.

B D3
Ixx = - (200−12.5) ¿ ¿ 25 mm
12
X
∴Ixx = 200 ¿ ¿ – (421.87×106 ) -
x=100mm

∴Ixx = 292.71×106 mm 4

∵ Shear stress at the junction of flange & web is given by:

FA ý
τ 1= 1
I b1

∴ F = 200×103N

A = 200×25 =>5000mm 2
25
ý = 175 - => 162.5mm.
2
b 1= 200mm

200 ×10 3 ×162.5

∴τ 1 =
292.71 ×106 ×200
∴ τ 1 = 2.77 N/mm 2

Using the relation of shear stress & width of the section:-

τ 1 b1
=
τ 2 b2
b1
τ 2 = τ1 ×
b2
200
∴τ 2 = 2.77 ×
12.5
τ 2 = 44.32 N/mm2
∵Maxm shear stress at the N.A. is given by:-
τ max =F ¿ ¿
A1 = 200×25 => 5000mm 2

A2 = 12.5×(175-25)=>187.75 mm2
150
∴Y1 = 162.5mm & Y2 = => 75mm
2

200× 103 [ ( 5000× 162.5 ) + ( 1875× 75 ) ]

τ max =
292.71 ×106 ×12.5
τ max = 52.09 N/mm2

Shear stress distribution diagram:-

1 1

2 2
6. Problem on SFD and BMD for simply supported.
Draw SFD and BMD for the beam shown in figure below:
100 KN
60KNm 50KNm
C D E
A B
2m 2m 3m 3m

RB=
RA=
Solving:-
Step 1: Calculation of Support Reactions
<i> ∑ fy = 0 (↑+ve & ↓-ve)
∴ RA + RB – 100 = 0
∴ RA + RB = 100 1
<ii> ∑ MA = (↻+ve & ↺-ve)
∴ (- RB×10) + (100×2) + 60 + 50 = 0
∴RB = 31KN
Put ` RB = 31KN’ in the equation 1
∴RA = 100 – 31 => 69KN
Step 2: Shear Force Calculations.
<i> Shear Force at point A = +69KN
69 KN
0KN

<ii> Shear Force at point C = +69 – 100 => -31KN

<iii> Shear Force at point D = -31KN
<iv> Shear Force at point E = -31KN
e e
v v
+ -
+

<v> Shear Force at point B= -31KN

31 KN

69 KN

Shear Force Diagram

31 KN
31 KN

Step 3: Bending Moment Calculations.

 KN
<i> MA = MB = 0 KNm (∵ It is simply supported)
<ii>MC = +69×2
=138 KNm
<iii>MD =(69×4)-(100×2)

↻↺

e
+v
∴MD = +76 KNm

↻↺

ve
-
<iv>MD = +76+60

0KN
∴MD = +136 KNm
<v> ME = (+69×7)-(100×5) +60
∴ME = +43 KNm
<vi> ME = +43+50
∴ME = +93 KNm
+

138 KNm

Bending Moment Diagram

76 KNm

136 KNm
45 KNm

93 KNm
0 KN

7. A 89 mm×300 mm Parallam beam has a length of 7.4 m and supports a concentrated load of 7.2 kN, as illustrated
below. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam. Find the maximum maximum shear stress and
the maximum bending stress.

Solution:
The beam is symmetrical about its mid-point, so the reactions are equal:
7.2
RA = RB = = 3.6 KN
2
The load and reactions are concentrated forces so the shear forces are constant between the concentrated loads. For
example, take any section through the beam at 0 < x < 3.7 m from the left end of the beam and examine the vertical
forces:
ΣFy = 3.6−V
=0
V = 3.6 kN
A similar calculation for any section through the beam at 3.7 < x < 7.4 m yields:
ΣFy = 3.6−7.2−V
=0
V = −3.6 kN

8. An 89 mm×335 mm Parallam beam has a length of 7.4 m and supports a concentrated load
of 7.2 kN, as illustrated below. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam. Find the
maximum maximum shear stress and the maximum bending stress.

Solution: By the symmetry of the beam loading:

5.6× 4.7
RA = RB = = 13.16kN
2
The load is distibuted so the shear force diagram is linear (it has a constant slope). Consider the shear
forces at a section immediately right of A:
 ∑Fy = 13.16 − V
=0
V = 13.16 kN
Consider the shear forces at a section immediately left of B:
∑Fy = 13.16 − 26.32 − V
=0
V = −13.16 kN
The shear force diagram is a straight line between the points (0, 13.16) and (5.6, -13.16). The bending
moment diagram can be calculated directly but is more easily given by the area under the shear force
diagram. Bending moments for distributed loads are quadratic functions (they are the integrals of the shear
force function). The value of the quadratic at the beam's midpoint is given by the area under the shear force
diagram to the left of the mid-point, which is 13.16 × 2.8/2 = 18.424 kN · m. Note that the area under the
curve to the left of A is 0 and the area under the curve to the left of B is 18.424 − 18.424 = 0. Thus, the
bending moment diagram is a quadratic passing through the points (0, 0), (2.8, 18.424) and (5.6, 0)

From the shear force diagram, the

maximum shear force is 13.16 kN at both x = 0 m and at x = 5.6 m right
of A. Maximum shear force of a rectangular section is given by:
3V
τ=
2A
3 ×13.16 × 103 N
=
2× 89 mm× 335 mm
= 0.662 MPa
The maximum bending moment is 18.424 kN · m. Maximum bending stresses occur at the top and the
bottom of the rectangular beam, where c = 335/2 = 167.5 mm, and is given by:
Mc
σ=
I
18.424 ×106 N ·mm × 167.5mm
=
89(335)3 /12 mm 4

= 11.1 MPa
9. A W300 x 0.77 wide-_ange steel beam acts as a cantilever, subject to the loads shown below.
Find the maximum bending stress and the maximum shear stress in the beam. (Assume that the maximum
shear stress is along the centroidal axis.)
We need to calculate the reaction and reacting moment at A. Draw the free body diagram for the forces
acting on the beam, converting the distributed load to an equivalent concentrated load:

Solution:
Find the reaction at A:
∑Fy = RA − 23.0 − 4.6
=0
RA = 27.6 kN

Find the reacting moment at A:

∑MA = Ma − 23.0 × 1.15 − 4.6 × 2.3
=0
Ma = 37.03 kN · m

Now, use the method of sections to _nd the shear forces and bending moments between A and B. The loads
are distributed, so the shear force diagram is linear and the bending moment will be quadratic.

Consider a section immediately right of A. Draw the shear force, V, and the bending moment, M, in the
positive direction. Then:
∑Fy = 27.6 − V
=0
V = 27.6 kN
∑Msection = M + 37.03
=0
M = −37.03 kN · m
Now repeat the procedure for a section immediately left of B:
∑Fy = 27.6 − 23 − V
=0
V = 4.6 kN
∑Msection = M + 37.03 + 23 × 1.15 − 27.6 × 2.3
=0
M=0
The bending moment diagram is a quadratic that passes through (0, -37.03) and (2.3, 0). We need to _nd
the maximum value of the bending moment between these two points. How do we do that? How do we _nd
the equations of the bending moment diagram?
One method is to integrate the equation of the shear force diagram. The load along the beam between A
and B is uniformly distributed so the shear force diagram is a straight line between (0, 27.6) and (4, 4.6).
The slope of this line is given by:
 y 1− y 0
m=
x 1−x 0
4.6−27.6
=
4−0
= −10
The equation of the line is y = mx + c = −10x + c and it passes through (0, 27.6). Solving for c, the curve
becomes y = −10x + 27.6. The equation of the bending moment diagram is the integral of this line:

M(x) = ∫ (−10 x+ 27.6) dx

= −5x2 + 27.6x + c
= −5x2 + 27.6x − 37.03
(We found earlier that the bending moment immediately right of A is −37.02 kN · m. This means that
M(0) = −37.03, so c = −37.03.)
Now sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams:

From Table A-1(b) (page 765 in Cheng), the depth of the beam is d = 306 mm and the moment of inertia
about the x-centroidal axis is I = 177 × 10−6 m4 = 177 × 106 mm4. Maximum stress occurs at the top or
at the bottom of the beam, where c = 153 mm. The maximum bending moment is 37.03 kN · m at the left
hand end of the beam. Bending stress is given by:
Mc
σB =
I
37.03× 106 N · mm ×153 mm
=
177 ×106 mm 4
= 32.0 MPa
10. (Cheng 14-12 and Cheng 14-27) An inverted-T section beam is loaded as illustrated. Find the
maximum tensile stress, maximum compressive stress and the maximum shear stress in the beam.

Solution:
Calculate the reactions at A and at B:

Sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam:

Find the x-centroidal axis of the beam (relative to the bottom of the beam):
Find the moment of inertia about the x-centroidal axis:

The moment of inertia of the beam abouts its x-centroidal axis is 43.983 × 106 mm4.
Maximum tensile stress is either at bottom of the beam at C or at the top of the beam at B:

The maximum tensile stress is at the top of the beam at B (4.0 m right of the left end of the beam, at the
roller support).

Maximum compressive stress is either at top of the beam at C or at the bottom of the beam at B:

The maximum compressive stress is at the top of the beam at C (1.0 m right of the left end of the beam, at
the 40 kN point load).

The maximum shear stress is where the maximum shear stress is at a maximum, i.e. where V = −25 kN.
We can calculate this shear stress using the rectangle about the x-centroidal axis or using the two rectangles
below the x-centroidal axis; the upper rectangle is easier (although both will yield the same result). The area of the
upper rectangle is A =(225 − 76.789) × 25 = 3705.3 mm2. The y-distance to the centroid of this rectangle is
y =(225 − 76.789)/2 = 74.106 mm.

The maximum shear stress in the beam is 6.243 MPa.