Course/ Section: BSBI 2B Date: December 05, 2022

Name: Jules Vern Garcia

Modular Activity: Assignment No. 3

Analyzing Community Diversity

A. Comparing Community Diversity Using Indices

Compute the diversity of fish species in two islands using (a) dominance index (Simpson's index) and
(b) information-statistic index (Shannon index), and species richness. Obtain the mean values of each
index. Tabulate the results and compare how each index reflects measures of diversity.

A. Dominance Index (Simpson's Index)

Table 1. Computed data for concerned parameter (Banacon Island)

Banacon Island
Fish Species
B Site 1 n-1 n(n-1) B Site 2 n-1 n(n-1)

A. novemfasciatus 85 84 7140 78 77 6006

A. elymus 0 -1 0 0 -1 0

C. octofasciatus 12 11 132 8 7 56

Gerres sp. 0 -1 0 4 3 12

Favonigobius sp. 28 27 756 19 18 342

L. semicinctus 0 -1 0 0 -1 0

Pomacentrus sp. 9 8 72 2 1 2

A. reticularis 3 2 6 1 0 0

S. frontalis 5 4 20 3 2 6

Total 142 (N) 133 8126 115 (N) 106 6424

N(N-1) 20022 13110

Simpson's Index

Site 1: Baconon Island Site 2: Baconon Island

Table 2. Computed data for concerned parameter (Inanoran Island)

Inanoran Island
Fish Species
I Site 1 n-1 n(n-1) I Site 2 n-1 n(n-1)

A. novemfasciatus 187 186 34782 136 135 18360

A. elymus 35 34 1190 40 39 1560

C. octofasciatus 0 -1 0 0 -1 0

Gerres sp. 24 23 552 18 17 306

Favonigobius sp. 0 -1 0 0 -1 0

L. semicinctus 7 6 42 0 -1 0

Pomacentrus sp. 15 14 210 33 32 1056

A. reticularis 4 3 12 9 8 72

S. frontalis 0 -1 0 2 1 2

Total 272 (N) 263 36788 238 (N) 229 21356

N(N-1) 73712 56406

Simpson's Index

Site 1: Inanoran Island Site 2: Inanoran Island

B. Information-statistic Index (Shannon Index)

Table 3. Computed data for concerned parameter (Banacon Island)

Banacon Island
Fish Species
BSite1 pi In(pi) [(pi(In(pi)))] BSite2 pi In(pi) [(pi(In(pi)))]

A. 85 0.60 -0.51 -0.31 78 0.68 -0.39 -0.26

novemfasciatus

A. elymus 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 0 0.00 undefined 0.00

C. octofasciatus 12 0.08 -2.47 -0.21 8 0.07 -2.67 -0.19

Gerres sp. 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 4 0.03 -3.36 -0.12

Favonigobius 28 0.20 -1.62 -0.32 19 0.17 -1.80 -0.30

sp.

L. semicinctus 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 0 0.00 undefined 0.00

Pomacentrus 9 0.06 -2.76 -0.17 2 0.02 -4.05 -0.07

sp.

A. reticularis 3 0.02 -3.86 -0.08 1 0.01 -4.74 -0.04

S. frontalis 5 0.04 -3.35 -0.12 3 0.03 -3.65 -0.10

Total 142 1.00 -14.57 -1.21 115 1.00 -20.66 -1.07

(N) (N)
Shannon Index

Site 1: Baconon Island Site 2: Baconon Island

Table 4. Computed data for concerned parameter (Inanoran Island)

Inanoran Island
Fish Species
ISite1 pi In(pi) [(pi(In(pi)))] ISite2 pi In(pi) [(pi(In(pi)))]

A. 187 0.69 -0.37 -0.26 136 0.57 -0.56 -0.32

novemfasciatus

A. elymus 35 0.13 -2.05 -0.26 40 0.17 -1.78 -0.30

C. octofasciatus 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 0 0.00 undefined 0.00

Gerres sp. 24 0.09 -2.43 -0.21 18 0.08 -2.58 -0.20

Favonigobius 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 0 0.00 undefined 0.00

sp.

L. semicinctus 7 0.03 -3.66 -0.09 0 0.00 undefined 0.00

Pomacentrus sp. 15 0.06 -2.90 -0.16 33 0.14 -1.98 -0.27

A. reticularis 4 0.01 -4.22 -0.06 9 0.04 -3.28 -0.12

S. frontalis 0 0.00 undefined 0.00 2 0.01 -4.78 -0.04

Total 272 1.00 -15.63 -1.05 238 1.00 -14.95 -1.25

(N) (N)

Shannon Index

Site 1: Inanoran Island Site 2: Inanoran Island

Table 5. Summary of Indices in both islands, Banacon and Inanoran Island

Index Site

Banacon Inanoran

Site 1 Site 2 Mean Site 1 Site 2 Mean

Simpson 2.44 2.04 2.24 2.00 2.63 2.32

Shannon 1.21 1.07 1.14 1.05 1.25 1.15

Evenness 0.613 0.643

B. Comparing Diversity Using Similarity Coefficients

Table 6. Computation of Similarity coefficient (Jaccard’s coefficient) for both Islands. Banacon and
Inanoran Island, respectively.

Fish Species Banacon Island Inanoran Island

B Site 1 B Site 2 I Site 1 I Site 2

A. novemfasciatus 85 78 187 136
A. elymus 0 0 35 40
C. octofasciatus 12 8 0 0
Gerres sp. 0 4 24 18
Favonigobius sp. 28 19 0 0
L. semicinctus 0 0 7 0
Pomacentrus sp. 9 2 15 33
A. reticularis 3 1 4 9
S. frontalis 5 3 0 2
Species richness 6 7 6 6
# of individuals 142 115 272 238
C. Comparing Diversity Using Similarity Coefficients
Compute the similarity coefficient (using Jaccard's coefficient) for all sites (=comparison is among all
sites for both islands). Construct a matrix of similarity coefficients and use these to produce the
dendrogram of community similarity.

Table 7 to 12. Computation of Values of the chosen parameters of Banacon and Inanoran Islands site
1 and 2.

Table 13. Species Richness

Banacon Island Inanoran Island

BSite1 BSite2 ISite1 ISite2

Species Richness 6 7 6 6

Table 14. Summary of concerned values

Parameters a b c

B Site 1 & B Site 2 6 1 0

I Site 1 & I Site 2 5 1 1

B Site 1 & I Site 2 4 2 2

B Site 2 & I Site1 4 2 3

B Site 1 & I Site 1 3 3 3

B Site 2 & I Site 2 5 1 2

Table 15. Summary of Parameters being tested in both the Bohol Islands, Banacon and Inanoran.
Species Richness Simspon's Index Shannon Index Evenness

(s) (1/D) (Hs) (J)

Banacon Island Site 1 6 2.464 1.210 0.675

Site 2 7 2.041 1.070 0.550

Inanoran Island Site 1 6 2.004 1.052 0.587

Site 2 6 2.641 1.253 0.699

Table 16. Mean Simpson’s Index, Shannon index, and evenness of Banacon Island and Inanoran Island,
Bohol
Simspon's Index Shannon Index Evenness

(1/D) (Hs) (J)

Banacon Island 2.252 1.140 0.613

Inanoran Island 2.322 1.152 0.643

Table 17 and 18. Similarity Matrix of both islands in Bohol, Bacon and Inanoran.

Step Action Result Action

1 Find greatest similarity 0.86 (Banacon 1-2) joins Banacon sites 1-2 at level
less than unity 0.86

2 Find next-highest 0.71 (Inanoran 1-2) joins Inanoran sites 1-2 at level
similarity 0.71

3 Find next-highest 0.63 (Banacon 2 to join Banacon 1 and 2 to Inanoran 1

similarity Inanoran 2) and 2, at 0.63 level
Implications

A. Indices
Inanoran Island received a mean value of indices for both Simpson's (2.32) and Shannon Index
(1.15), whereas Banacon Island received index values of 2.24 and 1.14 for Simpson's and Shannon
indices, respectively. The results shows that Inanoran Island is more diverse than Banacon Island
in terms of interspatial diversity, as the former got a higher index value, implying higher diversity
of species.

B. Dendrogram
A dendrogram is a branching diagram that illustrates the similarities between a set of items by
explaining the ordering of the clades in the study and displaying the link between the branches. The
height of the branch points reflects their similarity or dissimilarity to one another. In relation to the
investigation, Sites 1 and 2 of Banacon Island had the highest level of closeness compared to any
other sites examined, with 0.86 for both sites. Sites 1 and 2 on Inanoran Island exhibited the second-
highest degree of similarity, with a score of 0.71. Clades from Banacon Island (Sites 1 and 2) and
Inanoran Island (Sites 1 and 2) were brought together by the closest two members of each cluster
at a similarity level of 0.63. Finally, because both clades from two places on each island were
already connected at the third stage, which ended the development of another clade, the remaining
highest similarity points were omitted.