PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

LESSON 6 SOLID STATE

1.Write General characteristics of solids. (177)

2. Difference between crystalline solids and Amorphous solids.(178)PTA 3M, M22 5M
3. Define Isotropy and anisotropy.(178) (S20)
4. Explain ionic solids. (Introduction, NaCl diagram, Characteristics)(179)
5. What are the characteristics of Ionic solids? (179) PTA 5M i
6. What are covalent solids? (179) M22 2M
7. Explain molecular solids. (179)
8. What are Metallic solids? (180)
9. Classify the following into covalent, molecular, ionic and metallic solids.( A21) 3MARK C
(i) Diamond (ii) Brass (iii) NaCl (iv) Naphthalene (v) Glucose (vi) SiO2
10. Define unit cell. (180) J22 2M
11. What is meant by term “Coordination Number”? What is the Coordination Number of atoms
in a bcc structure? (180) A21 3MARK, M22 2M
12. Define primitive& non-primitive unit cells? (181)
13. Define the terms crystal lattice and unit cell. (180) PTA3M
14. Write note on SC. (183)
15. Write note on BCC. (183)
16. Sketch Face Centered cubic unit cell(FCC) and Calculate the number of atoms present in it.
(184) PTA3M
17. What is Braggs equation? (184) PTA 2M
18. How will you calculate the density of the unit cell? (185)
19. Barium has a body centered cubic unit cell with a length of 508pm along an edge. What is
the density of barium in g cm-3? (185)
20. An element has a face centered cubic unit cell with a length of 352.4 pm along an edge. The
density of the element is 8.9 gcm-3. How many atoms are present in 100 g of an element.(186)
21. What is packing efficiency? (187) PTA 5M ii, J22 5Mi
22. How will you calculate the packing efficiency for simple cubic?(187
23. Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in body centered cubic system (188)PTA3M
24. What is void and its type? (190)
25. Note on radius ratio (192)
26. If the radius of the compound is between 0.155 – 0.225, find out the co-ordination number
an structure of the compound. (192) J20 5Mi
27. If the no. of close packed sphere is 6, calculate the number of Octahedral voids and Tetrahedral
voids generated. (M20) 2MARK
ANS: Octahedral voids (n)=6 Tetrahedral voids(2n)=2x6=12
28. Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in face centered cubic system (192)
29. Outline the classification of point defects. (193) PTA5M ii
30. Explain Schottky defect (GM5M, S20)& Frenkel defect. (M20, PTA3M, J22 5Mii)
(Stoichiometric defects) (193)
31. Explain ‘f’ centers with a neat diagram.(194) PTA5M ii
32. Explain Metal excess defect, metal deficiency defect. (Non-Stoichiometric defects) (194)
33. Write note on Impurity defect. (195)
34. Atoms X and Y form BCC crystalline structure. Atom X is present at the corners of the
cube and Y is at the centre of the cube. What is the formula of the compound? (BB)PTA 5Mi
35. An atom crystallizes in FCC crystal lattice and has a density of 10gcm-3 with unit cell edge
length of 100pm. Calculate the number of atoms present in 1g of crystal. (BBQ22201) 5M
36. A face centred cubic solid of an element (atomic mass 60 gmol-1) has a cube edge of 4A°
Calculate its density.(186) GM3M
37. What is piezoelectricity? (195)
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LESSON 7 CHEMICAL KINETICS

1. Define chemical kinetics. (205)

2. Define Rate of a chemical reaction. (205)
3. Write note on stoichiometry and rate of a reaction.(206)
4. Define average rate and instantaneous rate. (BB)207
5. Define rate law and rate constant. (BB)208
6. Give the difference between rate of a reaction and rate constant.(209) PTA,A21
7. What is an elementary reaction? (210)
8. Explain the rate determining step with an example. (210) PTA 3M
9. Define order and molecularity of a reaction. (210) J22 3M
10.Give the differences between order and molecularity of a reaction. (210)
11.The rate of the reaction x + 2y → product is 4 × 10-3 mol L-1s-1, if [x] = [y] = 0.2M and rate
constant at 400k is 2 × 10-2s-1, what is the overall order of the reaction?(211) (J20) 2 MARK
12.Derive integrated rate law for a first order reaction A → product.(212) (PTA,M20) 5MARK
13. Derive and describe the graphical representation of first order reaction.(212)
14.Give examples for the first order reaction. (213) M22 2M
15.Explain pseudo first order reaction with an example. (214)GM3M
16.Derive integrated rate law for a zero order reaction A→product & Example (214) A21 5M,
J22 5M
17.Define half life period of reaction. Show that for a first order reaction half life period is
independent of initial concentration. (215) PTA 5M i
18.Calculate the half period for a zero order reaction.(215)PTA 2M
19.Write Arrhenius equation and explains the terms involved. (220) M22 3M
20.Write the rate law for the following reactions. (BB)
(a) A reaction that is 3/2 order in x and zero order in y.
(b) A reaction that is second order in NO and first order in Br2.
21.The rate constant for a first order reaction is 1.54x 10-3 s-1. Calculate its half life time.(BB
231) (PTA, J20)
22.Identify the order for the following reactions (BB)
(i) Rusting of Iron
(ii) Radioactive disintegration of 92U 238
(iii) 2A + 3B → products ; rate = 12[B]2
23.Write any three differences between order and molecularity.(210) 5M i
24.Explain about collision theory (217, 218)
25.Derive Arrhenius equation to calculate activation energy from the rate constant k1 and k2 at
temperature T1 and T2 respectively. (220,221) PTA3MC
26.What are the factors affecting the reaction rate? (222)
27.Explain the effect of catalyst on reaction rate with an example. (222) S20 5Mi
28.Powdered CaCO3 reacts much faster with dilute HCl than with the same mass of CaCO3 as
marble. Give reason. J20 3M COMPULSORY
29.The rate of formation of dimer in a second order reaction is 7.5 × 10-3 mol L-1s-1 at 0.05 molL-1
monomer concentration. Calculate the rate constant. (BB) 5M i
30.For the general reaction A → B. Plot of concentration of A Vs time is given in the graph
below. Answer the following Questions on the basis of this graph. (214) PTA3M
[A] i) What is the order of the reaction?
ii) What is the slope of the curve?
iii) What is the Unit of rate constant?
31.a first order reaction is 40% complete in 50 minutes. Calculate the value of the rate constant.
In what time will the reaction be 80% complete? (BBQ30231) GM5Mi
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LESSON 8 IONIC EQUILLIBRIUM

1. Mention the Arrhenius concept of acid and base (2)

2. What are the limitations of Arrhenius concepts? (3) M22 2M
3. Classify acid or base using Arrhenius concept. HNO3, CH3COOH, Ba(OH)2, H3PO4(3)
4. Define Lowery - Bronsted concept of acids and bases (3)
5. 0.1 M Solution of HF is weak acid. But 5M solute ion of HF is stronger acid. Why? PTA3M
6. What are conjugate acid – base pairs? Give example. (3) PTA5M ii
7. Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of the following in water and identify the
conjugate acid-base pairs. i)NH4+ ii)H2SO4 iii) CH3COOH iv)HCl v) HF (4)
8. Classify the following into Lewis acids and Lewis bases. S20 5Mi
A)BF3 (B) CO2 (C) MgO (D) CH3-
9. What are Lewis acids and bases? Give two example (4) M20 2M, J22 2M
10.Difference between Lewis acids and Lewis base. (5)
11.Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions. (5)
Cr3+ + 6H2O → [Cr(H2O)6]3+
12. Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in the following reactions.(5)
i) CaO +CO2 →CaCO3 ii) CH3-O-CH3 + AlCl3 → (CH3)2O→AlCl3
13.H3BO3 accepts hydroxide ion from water as shown below. (6)
H3BO3(aq) + H2O ⇌ B(OH)4- + H+
Predict the nature of H3BO3 using Lewis concept.
14.Identify the conjugate Acid Base pair for the following reactions in aqueous solution
.(30) BBJ205Mii
15.How will you measure the strength of an acid? (6)
16.Define ionic product of water. Give its value at room temperature (7) S20, PTA 3MARK
17.Calculate the concentration of OH- in a fruit juice which contains 2 x 10-3M, H3O+ ion.
Identify the nature of the solution.(8)
18.Derive the relationship between pH and pOH. (9,10)PTA 5M i
19.Define pH (9) M22 5Mi
20.Write the pH value of the following substances: M20 5Mi
A) Vinegar B) Black coffee C) Baking Soda D) Soapy Water
21.Calculate the pH of 10-7 M HCl.(11) PTA3M
22.State Oswald’s dilution law. Derive an expression Ostwald’s dilution law. (12) J20 3MARK,
PTA 3MARK
23.A solution of 0.10M of a weak electrolyte is found to be dissociated to the extent of 1.20%
at 25oC. Find the dissociation constant of the acid.(14)
24.Calculate the pH of 0.1M CH3COOHsolution. Dissociation constant of acetic acid is 1.8×10-5 .(15)
25.Define common Ion effect with an example (15)J20 2M, PTA 2M, M22 5M ii
26.What are buffer solutions? Give an example (16) J22 3M
27.What are the two types of buffer solution? Give example for each type.(16) PTA5M ii
28.Explain the buffer action of a solution (16) J20 2MARK
29.Explain buffer action of acidic buffer. (16) PTA 3M
30.Derive Henderson-Hasselbalch equation(Derive Henderson equation) (18) M20,GM 3M
31.Find the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.20 mole per litre sodium acetate and 0.18 mole
per litre acetic acid. Ka for acetic acid 1.8 X 10-5. (19) A21 3MARK
32.Calculate the pH of 0.1M CH3COONa solution (pKa for CH3COOH is 4.74)(20) S20 2MARK
33.Derive expression for hydrolysis constant and pH of salt of weak acid and strong base.
(21)5M
34.Derive expression for hydrolysis constant and pH of salt of strong acid and weak base. (22)
35.Define solubility product (25)
36.Give a condition for a compound to be precipitated (25)
37.How will you calculate solubility product from molar solubility? (26) PTA 5M ii
38.Write the expression for the solubility product of Ca3(PO4)2, BaSO4. (26)
39.Define solubility product of a compound.(25) 2M
40.The Ka value of HCN is 10-9. What is the pH of 0.4M HCN solution? (31) PTA5M
41.50ml of 0.05M HNO3 is added to 50ml of 0.025M KOH. Calculate the pH of the resultant
solution. (BBQ1531)GM2MC
42.KSP of Ag2CrO4 is 1.1x10-12. What is the solubility of Ag2CrO4 in 0.1M K2CrO4? (BBQ2531)
GM5Mii
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LESSON 9 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

1. Define electrochemistry.(34)
2. State Ohm’s law. (34)
3. A conductivity cell has two platinum electrodes separated by a distance 1.5 cm and the cross
sectional area of each electrode is 4.5sq cm. Using this cell, the resistance of 0.5N electrolytic
solution was measured 15Ω. Find the specific conductance of the solution. (36) M20 2M
4. Define molar conductivity. (36)
5. Define molar conductance and specific conductance How they are related? (36) PTA5M i
6. Define Equivalent conductance. (37) A21 2M
7. What are the factors affecting electrolytic conductance.(37) A21 2M, M22 3M
8. Explain measurement of conductivity of ionic solutions.(38)
9. Why is AC current used instead of DC in measuring the electrolytic conductance? (38)
(BBQ1166) PTA 5Mii
10.Explain variation of molar conductivity with concentration.(39)
11.Write Debye – Huckel and Onsager equation for a uni-univalent electrolyte. (41) GM 5M ii
12.State Kohlrausch’s law and applications. (41) J20 5MARK, GM 5Mii
13.Describe the construction of Daniel cell and write its cell reaction. (45) G3M
14.
15.What is the role of salt bridge in Galvanic cell? (46) PTA5M ii
16.What are the conventions used in Galvanic cell notation. (46) PTA 5M i
17.Write note on standard hydrogen electrode(SHE). (48)PTA3 3M & PTA5 5M i
18.Explain Thermodynamics of cell reactions. (50)
19. Derive Nernst equation. (51) S20 5M, M22 5M, J22 5M
20.Explain Electrolytic cell and electrolysis. (53)
21.State Faraday’s law of electrolysis First law, Second law. (54) A21 3MARK GM 3M
22.A solution of silver nitrate is electrolyzed for 30 minutes with a current of 2 amperes.
Calculate the mass of silver deposited at the cathode.(55) S20 3MARK COM, J22 2M COM
23.Write note on Leclanche cell. (56)
24.Write note on Mercury button cell. (57)
25.Write note on secondary batteries. (58)
26.Write note on fuel cell. (59)
27.Explain electrochemical mechanism of corrosion (60)
28.Write note on Electrochemical series.(62)
29.What are electrochemical series? How is it useful to predict corrosion?(62) PTA3M
30.How are metals protected from corrosion by cathodic protection method? (61) M20 3M
31.The reaction Zn(s) + Co2+ ↔ Co(s) + Zn2+ occurs in a cell. Compute the standard emf of the
cell. Given that E°Zn/ Zn2+ = + 0.76V and E°Co/Co2+ = + 0.28V. PTA2MC
32.Reduction potential of two metals M1 and M2 are °12+/1 = -2.3 V and °22+/2 =0.2 V.
Predict which one is better for coating the surface of iron. Given: 𝐹𝐹2+/𝐹𝐹 = -0.44 V(BBQ1766) PTA5M
33.Is it possible to store copper sulphate in an iron vessel for a long time? Given 𝐶𝐶2+/𝐶𝐶 = 0.34 V and
𝐹𝐹2+/𝐹𝐹= -0.44V (BBQ1566) PTA2M
34.Calculate Ʌ CH3COOH using appropriate molar conductance of the electrolytes listed
below at infinite dilution at 25C (BBQ563) PTA5M i
Electrolyte NaCl HCl CH3COONa Ʌ(S cm2 mol-1) 126.5 426.2 91.0
35.The equivalent conductance of M/36 solution of a weak monobasic acid is 6 mho cm2
equiv-1 and at infinite dilution is 400 mho cm2 equiv-1. Calculate the dissociation constant of
this acid. (BBQ1764) PTA2MC
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LESSON 10 SURFACE CHEMISTRY

1. Define adsorption and absorption. (70)

2. Characteristics of adsorption. (71) PTA 2M
3. Distinction between chemical and physical adsorption. (71) PTA 5Mi
4. Explain Factors affecting adsorption. (72)
5. Write note on Adsorption and isobars.(73)
6. Explain Freundlich adsorption isotherm and limitations.(73)
7. Explain applications of adsorption. (75)
8. Define catalyst and catalysis.(77)
9. Define positive catalysis (77)
10. Define homogenous catalysis & example(77) M22 3M
11. Define heterogeneous catalysis & example(77) J22 3M
12. What are the characteristics of catalysis? (78) J20 5MARK, PTA 5Mi, M22 5M
13. Define promoters, catalytic poison with suitable example (79) PTA 2M
14. Define auto catalysis and example (79)
15. Identify the auto catalyst in the following reaction. (79) J20 5Mi
A)CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH B) 2AsH3 → 2As + 3H2
16. Define negative catalysis and example(79)
17. Explain intermediate compound formation theory & limitations.(80) GM 5Mi
18. Explain adsorption theory of catalysis.(81) A21 5MARK J22 5M
19. What is the role of adsorption in the heterogeneous catalysis?(81) PTA 3M
20. What are active centres? (82) PTA 2M
21. Define, Mechanism, characteristics of Enzyme Catalysis. (83)
22. Explain Zeolite catalysis.(84)
23. What is Nano Catalysis? Give example.(86)GM 5M i
24. Define colloid & particle size.(86)
25. Define dispersed phase and dispersing medium. (86)
26. Define lyophilic colloids & example(87)
27. Define lyophobic colloids & example (87)
28. Explain the classification of colloids based on the physical state.(87)
29. Write the dispersed phase and dispersion medium of butter. (88) M20 2MARK
30. Write note on preparation of Colloids- mechanical dispersion.(88)
31. Write note on preparation of Colloids- electro dispersion.(89)
32. Write note on preparation of Colloids- Ultrasonic dispersion.(89)
33. Peptising agent is added to convert precipitate into colloidal solution. Illustrate with an
example. 90 (BB103) PTA 2M (Write note on preparation of Colloids- peptisation.)
34. Write any three condensation methods of preparation of colloids. (Chemical method) (90)
PTA5M i
35. What happens when hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a solution of arsenic oxide?
Name the chemical method. (90) PTA 2M
36. Write note on Dialysis.(91)
37. Write note on Electrodialysis.(91)
38. Write note on Ultrafiltration.(91) GM5Mii
39. Mention the shapes of the following colloidal particles. (93) M20 3MARK
i) As2S3 ii) Blue gold sol iii) Tungstic acid sol
40. Define Tyndall effect. (93) J20 2M
41. Define Brownian movement.(94)
42. What is the significance of Brownian movement? (94) PTA 5M ii
43. Write note on Helmholtz double layer.(94) PTA 3M
44. Explain Electrophoresis.(94) PTA 5Mi, M22 2M
45. Define electroosmosis. (95)
46. Define coagulation. Various method of coagulation. (96)
47. What is flocculation value? (96) PTA 2M
48. Define Gold number.(96)
49. Explain types, identification of Emulsions. (97)
50. What is inversion of phase? Give an example. (98) S20 3M
51. Explain various application of colloids (98)
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