GEAS Module 12

# Answers Questions
1 Carbon Monoxide poisonous gas generated by motor vehicles
2 Nitrogen Dioxide responsible for smog and acid rain
3 Intermolecular forces force of attraction between molecules
4 Van der Waal forces dipole-dipole interaction, London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding
5 Van der waal theory was named after DIDERICK VAN DER WAAL
6 two dipole has ___ electrically charged poles
7 Hydrides compounds containing hydrogen and other element
a dipole-dipole interaction formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly
8 Hydrogen bond electronegative atom is attached to the lone pair of a nearby electronegativity
9 Condensation process of changing gas to liquid
10 Sublimation process of changing from solid state to gas state
11 Deposition process of changing from gas state to solid state
12 Melting from solid to liquid
13 Molar heat of fusion amount of heat absorbed by one mole of a substance to change from solid to liquid
14 Molar heat of solidification heat absorbed by one mole to change from liquid to solid
15 Molar heat of vaporization heat absorbed by one mole to change frome liquid to gas
16 Volatile liquid that easily evaporate
17 Critical temperature temperature which a gas cannot be liquefied by an increase in pressure
18 Solvent homogenous mixture made of particles that exist as individual molecules of ion
19 Solute component of solution that is dissolved
20 Solvent component of solution where the solute is dissolved
21 Bronze copper (solvent)+tin (solute)
22 Aqueous solution when water is the solvent
23 Ethanol solvent used in medicine
24 Solubility TERM to describe the maximum solute that a given solvent can dissolved
25 Saturated solution that contains the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in the given solvent
26 when the solution contains more solute than solvent can normally hold
a solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount of solute that a solvent can
27 Unsaturated dissolve
28 Seawater the most common solvent in earth
29 Alloys solutions that contains two or more METALS
30 Volume does not affect the solubility of a substance
31 Immiscible liquid that do not mixed
32 temperature Increase in ____ will increase the Solubility of solid
33 pressure Increase in ____ will increase the solubility of gasses in liquids
34 pressure Slightly affect the solubility of liquid to another liquid
the solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
35 Henry’s Law above the solution
Rate of dissolution can be increased
36 through reduce particle size, agitation, application of heat
37 Dilute small amount of solute dissolved in a solution
38 Concentrated large amount of solute dissolved in a solution
ratio of one component of a solution to the total amount of number of moles of all
39 Mole fraction component
40 Molality ratio of mole of solute per kilogram of solvent
process of changing liquid to gas accompanied by the production of bubbles of vapor in the
41 Boiling liquid
temperature where vapor pressure of liquid is equal to the prevailing pressure of
42 Boiling point atmosphere
43 Freezing point temperature at which liquid and solid are in equilibrium
44 Freezing point depression decreasing the freezing temperature point by adding another substance
45 Isotonic two solutions have the same concentration of solute
46 Hypertonic two solutions with one having more solute than the other
47 Hypotonic two solutions with one having less solute than the other
48 Osmosis “semi-permeable”
49 Colloid (kolla and oidos)- means glue appearance
50 Aerosols suspensions of solid or liquid in gas
51 Chloroflorocarbons an aerosol product that is harmful to health
52 Foam gas bubbles in liquid or solid
53 Sols solid dispersed in solid or liquid
54 Hydrochloric acid muriatic acid
55 Arrhenius theory upon dissociation in WATER, acids yields hydrogen ions while gases yield hydroxide ion
56 Arrhenius acid upon reaction with water, it will cause an increase in the concentration of the solvent
 cation, H30+
upon reaction with water, it will cause an increase in the concentration of solvent anion,
57 Arrhenius base OH-
58 1.8x10^-16 dissolution of constant of water at 25 degree Celcius
59 Bronsted-Lowry theory acid is proton donor and base is proton acceptor
60 Lewis theory acid accept lone pair of electron from another molecule, base has lone pair of electrons
61 Lewis acid electron pair acceptor
62 Coordinate covalent bond type of bond used by acid-base reaction as sharing of an electron pair
are donated by one, not both, of the atom Covalent bond which the shared electrons ___
63 involved
64 Adduct product of lewis acid-base reaction
65 Binary Acids acid contains two elements, hydrogen and nonmetal
66 Water is added to hydrochloride to form hydrochloric acid
67 Ternary acids acid contains three elements, hydrogen and two non metals
68 Oxyacide if one of the two non metal element is oxygen
69 H2SO4 formula of sulfuric acid
70 HNO3 formula of nitric acid
71 Hydrofluoric acid used in glass itching
72 Nitric acid acid present in some fruits
73 Carbonic acid acid found in carbonated drinks
74 Acetylsalicylic acid acid used in pain relievers
75 Phosphoric acid acid used in manufacturing fertilizers
76 Sulfuric acid used in car batteries
77 Lithium hydroxide used to removed carbon dioxide in air
78 Aluminum hydroxide used as antacid with no dosage restriction
79 Milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide
80 pH scale most convenient way of expressing hydronium ion concentration
81 pH power of hydrogen ion
82 7pH ph of water
83 Saliva and milk the same ph which is 6.5
84 Calamansi juice most acidic
85 Strong acid easily dissociate or ionized completely in water
86 Weak acid don’t dissociate or ionized completely in water
87 Most basic pH 13, most acidic: pH 1
88 Indicator substance that change color at a certain pH range
89 Neutralization reaction of acid and base, resulting to salt
Titration process of measuring the acid and base of one solution by adding known content of base or
90 acid
Equivalence point point where the added base of acid solution in titration is enough to fully neutralized the
91 acid or base
92 Buffer solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate or, a weak base and its conjugate acid

GEAS Module 13

# Answers Questions
a chemical reactrion, which of materials with oxygen accompanied by the giving off of
1 Combustion energy in the form of heat
2 Chemical kinetics area of chemistry that concerns with the rate at which chemical reaction occur
3 Activation energy minimum amount of energy in order for a chemical reaction to occur
4 Exothermic if the energy is released as the reaction occur
5 Endothermic if the energy is absorbed as the reaction occur
substance that increases the rate of reaction but is itself unchanged after the reaction is
6 Catalyst done
7 Inhibitors substance that slows down the reaction
8 Catalyst are classified as heterogenous and homogenous
9 Homogenous catalyst exists in the same phase as the reactants in a reaction mixture
10 Heterogenous catalyst exist in the separate phase as the reactants in a reaction mixture
11 solids Most of the heterogenous are _____
Factors that affects the rate of chemical
12 reaction temperature, concentration and surface area, presence of catalyst
13 Chemical equilibrium rate of forward reaction=rate of backward reactions
14 Thermochemistry study of heat formed or required by the chemical reaction
15 Equilibrium position qualitative description of the extent of a chemical reaction
16 Reaction quotient determines how far from the equilibrium the chemical reaction is
17 Oxidation reaction of oxygen with an element of compound.
18 Oxidation Loss of electron by a substance
19 Reduction gain of electron by a substance
20 Oxidizing agent reduce substance
21 Reducing agent oxidized substance
22 Nonredox reaction when reaction does not involve any change in oxidation number
23 Voltaic cell uses spontaneous redox reaction to generate electricity
24 Crystalline form of carbon diamond, graphite, fullerenes
crystalline carbon that is soft, black, slippery solid that posses metallic luster and conduct
25 Graphite electricity
26 Carbon black when hydrocarbons such as methane is heated in the presence of very little oxygen
27 Charcoal carbon produced when wood is heated intensely in the absence of air
28 Charcoal used to remove and undesirable odors from air
29 Coke coal is strongly heated in the absence of air
30 Carbon Black used in the production of car tire
31 do not conduct electric current Inorganic compounds
All of the above (generally soluble in non-
polar system, usually flammable and
combustible, have presence of covalent
32 bond) Organic compound
an arrangement of atom in which the organic compounds are related to each other by a
33 Chain common feature
34 Hydrocarbons most simplest and commonly used organic compounds
35 Alkanes consists of single bond. other name: paraffins. Simplest form: methane
36 Chain hydrocarbon consists of carbon links that form a long, straight or branched chain
37 Cyclic hydrocarbons that forms a ring
38 Benzene aromatic hydrocarbons
39 Benzene six-carbon ring with three alternating double bonds
40 Alkene consists of double bond. Other name: Olefins. simplest form: ethene (found in plants)
41 Alkyne consists of three of more bond. Simplest: ethyne
42 Aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene
43 Naphthalene hydrocarbons found in mooth balls
44 System of nomenclature IUPAC (international unioun of pure and applied chemistry), naming the hydrocarbons
45 Halides compounds that contains halogens
46 Alcohols and ethers compound that contains oxygen but not in carboxyl group
47 Alcohols compound contains hydroxyl and are considered as derivatives of water
48 Amide or amines compound with nitrogen
49 Ethers can be aliphatic of aromatic that are attached to one oxygen atom
50 Dimetyl ether used as refrigerant
generally dissolved in high concentration acids, all organic matters contains carbon, organic
51 Organic substance are substances generally do not dissolved in water
52 Electrolyte substance that dissociate in solutions to produce positive and negative ions
when heated together with copper oxide and the resulting gasses are found to have no
53 Inorganic substance are effect on limestone
54 Sodium elements that is unstable in its pure form
55 Lithium known as the lightest metal
56 Cohesion refers to the attraction between like molecules
57 Covalent the strongest type of bonds
58 Compound when all of the atoms of a molecule are the same
the molecules collide more frequently and
59 the activation energy is less Reactions generally proceed faster at high temperatures because _____
60 Specific gravity condition of a liquid electrolyte is measured in terms of its____
61 Atomic number an element maybe define as a substance with all atoms which have the same__
62 Hydrometer device which measures the acid content of the cell
63 One electron in a copper atom, the valence ring contains how many electrons?
64 Secondary cell a cell designed to produce electric current and can be recharged
the differential rate is the mathematical expression that shows how the rate of a reaction
65 False depends on volume
66 Acid the opposite of alkali
67 Atomic Number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
68 Sulfuric acid electrolyte is a solution of water and ___
69 Deuteron a nucleus containing a neutron and a proton
70 Cobalt not a radioactive elements
71 N2O5 formula for dinitrogen pentoxide
72 False the mass of an electron is heavier than that of a proton
73 Isomers compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formula
74 Ester is formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react with water as a by-product
75 Lactic Acid carboxylic acid found in yogurt
76 Tartaric acid carboxylic acid found in grapes
77 Lauric acid carboxylic acid found in coconut oil
78 Additional reaction is a reaction in which one molecule adds to another
79 Activation energy the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
80 49.5 percent of oxygen in mass in the earth’s crust
81 18 percent of carbon found in human body
82 Accuracy refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value
83 Precision refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other
84 Silver metal physical appearance of sodium
85 Yellowish gas physical appearance of chlorine
86 White crystal physical appearance of sodium chloride
87 Max Planck proposed the quantum theory in 1900
88 Quantum energy level general term that refers to an allowed energy state for an electron in the atom
89 Amalgram an alloy of mercury with another metal or metals
90 Amino acid compound that contains at least one amino group and at least one carboxyl group
Antibonding molecular orbital molecular orbit that is of higher energy and lower stability than the atomic orbitals from
91 which it was formed
Bonding molecular orbital molecular orbit that is of lower energy and greater stability than the atomic orbitals from
92 which it was formed
93 Complex ion an ion containing a central metal cation bonded to one or more molecules or ions
94 Cyanide compounds containing CN ion
95 Nonpolar molecule a molecule that does not posses a dipole moment
Nonelectrolyte refers to a substance that when dissolved in water , gives a solution that is not electrically
96 conducting
97 Structural formula refers to a chemical formula that shows how atoms are bonded to another in a molecule
98 Spectator ions refers to ion that are not involved in the overall reaction
Polymer a compound distinguished by a high molar mass, ranging into thousands an millions of
99 grams, and made up of many repeating cells