A+ MALAYALAM STD X

Unit:2
'A\p`qXnIÄ BhnjvImc§Ä'

Chapter-3
'IS¯oc¯v'

1. "shÅmbnb¸³ bm{X ]pds¸Spt¼mÄ ho«n \n¶pw Iq« \nehnfn DbÀ¶p".

Cu hmIyw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv F´v?
 ho«n \n¶pw DbÀ¶ Iq«\nehnfn AsXmcp km[mcWbm{Xbà F¶ kqN\
\ÂIp¶p.Zp:JIcamb Ft´m H¶v AXnep­v.

2. ']n¶n \nehnfn AI¶p ian¨p' F¶ {]tbmKw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv F´v?

 ho«nse \nehnfn Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ. shÅmbnb¸³ ho«nse \nehnfn
tIÄ¡mhp¶Xnepw A¸pds¯¯nbncn¡p¶p.

3. 'I®qcnte¡pÅ Xoh­nbm{X ']mgpXd' F¶ {Kma¯n\p th­nbmbncp¶p'.

Cu hmIyw IYmkµÀ`¯n\p \ÂIp¶ AÀ°km[yXIÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 shÅmbnb¸sâbpw `mcybpsSbpw hyàn]camb Zp:J§Ä {Kma¯nsâ Zp:Jambn
amdp¶p.I­p®n {Kma¯n\p apgph³ {]nbs¸«h\mbncp¶p F¶pÅ kqN\bpw Cu
hmIyw \ÂIp¶p.Hcp {Kmaw apgph³ ]Wap­mbncps¶¦n I®qcnte¡v
t]mIpambncp¶p F¶Xn AhcpsS Zmcn{Zyhpw ]mgpXdbnse A¼Xn NnÃzm\w
IpSnepIfne{Xbpw Cu hnjmZhpw klm\p`qXnbpw \ndªp F¶nS¯v B
{KmahmknIÄ¡v I­p®ntbmSv D­mbncp¶ kvt\lhpw hyàamIp¶p.

4. "shÅmbntb"-am¸nf ]dªp.
"acbv¡mtc"-shÅmbnb¸³ {]XnhNn¨p.
A{Xam{Xw. c­p hm¡pIÄ, t]cpIÄ,F¶m B hm¡pIfm ZoÀL§fpw
k¼¶§fpamb kw`mjW ]c¼cIÄ AS§nbXv shÅmbnb¸\pw Ip«yʳ am¸nfbpw
Adnªp.
Cu hcnIfn sXfnbp¶ IYmIr¯nsâ BJym\ssienbpsS khntijXIÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 Npcp§nb hm¡pIfn Hcp hnImc{]]©w HXp¡nshbv¡m\pÅ H.hn.hnPbsâ
BJym\ssien¡v DZmlcWamWnXv. lrZbwsIm­v H¶mb c­pt]cpw AhcpsS
AhØIÄ Xncn¨dnbp¶p.Cu Xncn¨dnhv tIhew t]cpIÄ sNmÃpt¼mÄ Xs¶ ssI-
amäw sN¿p¶p.H.hn.hnPb³ IYm]m{X§fpsS au\¯neqsS hmNmeamb AhØ
krãn¡p¶p.am{´nIamb hnPbsâ `mj¡v DZmlcWamWnXv.

5. "Nhn«Sn¸mXbv¡ncphihpw \n¶ Icn¼\Ifn Imäp]nSn¨p".

hmIyw hniIe\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v Xbmdm¡pI.
 IYbpsS ]Ým¯ew Hcp A\p`hambn amdpIbmWnhnsS.Imäv ]dª IYbnepw
H.hn.hnPbsâ aäp IYIfnepw Imäv khntij km¶n[yamIp¶p. ]me¡mS³ Imänsâ
KXnthK§Ä A¶m«pImÀ¡v kp]cnNnXamWv {]IrXnbpsS Xmfw shÅmbnb¸sâ
PohnX¯nsâ Xmfw IqSnbmWv. X\n¡v ]cnNnXamb Imäv X¶n \n¶pw
A\yamIp¶Xpt]mse shÅmbnb¸\v tXm¶p¶p. shÅmbnb¸sâ almk¦SamWv
ChnsS ImWp¶Xv.

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6. 'hoSm¯IS§Ä ]S¨hsâ kq£n¸pIfmWv'.

hmIyw hniIe\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v Xbmdm¡pI
 a\Ên \·bpÅhÀt¡ ISw \ÂIm³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.FÃmhÀ¡pw ISw
sImSp¡m³ IgnbnÃ.PohnX¯n ho«m³ ]äm¯ Nne IS§fp­mIpw.NnecpsS ]Icw
hbv¡m\mhm¯ \·\ndª {]hr¯nIÄ hoSm¯ IS§fmbn Ahtijn¡pw.AXv
ssZh¯nsâ ssIbnse kq£n¸mbn amdpw. shÅmbnb¸s\t¸mse \nÊlmb\mb Hcp
a\pjys\bmWv Ip«yk³ am¸nf klmbn¨Xv.shÅmbnb¸sâ ho«m¯ISw ]S¨hsâ
ssIbnse \·bpsS kq£n¸mbn amdn.AXpsIm­v Ip«yk³ am¸nfbv¡v B ]Ww
In«m¯Xn Ipät_m[tam thhemXntbm CÃ.

7. "]S¨h³ XpWbv¡s«,ap¯p\_n XpWbv¡s«, \nsâbpw Fsâbpw ssZh§Ä XpWbv¡s«''.

Cu hm¡pIfn {]ISamIp¶ Bibw F´v?
 hyXykvXamb hnizmkw h¨p]peÀ¯pt¼mgpw Zp:Jsa¶ hnImcw c­pa\pjysc
H¶n¸n¡p¶p.AhnsS aäpÅhcpsS Zp:Jw Xsâ Zp:Jambn amdp¶p.aX§Ä
amªpt]mIp¶p.

8. "Fsâ DÅp s]m«p¶p,Fsâ {]mW³ ]dnbp¶p"

kµÀ`¯nsâ {]m[m\yw hyàam¡pI
 aIs\ Ahkm\ambn Hcp t\m¡pImWm\pÅ bm{XbmWXv.shÅmbnb¸sâ
s\©ps]m«n¡p¶ A\p`hw hmb\¡mctâXpIqSnbmbn amdp¶p.

9. ‘]pgbpsS \Sps¡¯nbt¸mÄ IpfnbpsS A\p`hw shÅmbnb¸s\ XfÀ¯n".

]pgbnse CfwNqSpÅ shÅw shÅmbnb¸s\ HmÀ½s¸Sp¯nbXv Fs´Ãmw?
 ]pgbnse CfwNqSpÅ shÅw shÅmbnb¸s\ HmÀ½bnte¡v
Iq«ns¡m­pt]mIp¶p.AÑsâ ihw ]pgbn Ipfn¸n¨Xv,Xsâ aI³ I­p®nsb
Ipfn¸n¨Xv,Ct¸mÄ aIsâ ihw Gäphm§m³ t]mIp¶ AhØ ChsbÃmw
shÅmbnb¸\v Zp:Jhpw kt´mjhpw ]Icp¶ HmÀ½bmbn amdp¶p.AÑs\bpw
aIs\bpw _Ôn¸n¡p¶ Ipfn F¶ A\p`hs¯ AÑ\v kw`hn¨p IgnªXns\ aI\v
kw`hn¡m³ t]mIp¶Xpambn Iq«nbnW¡p¶p.'CfwNqSv'aI\v kw`hn¡m³ t]mIp¶
acWs¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶p.
 ]pg ImeamIp¶ alm\ZnbpsS {]XoIamWv.PohnXamIp¶ k©mcw shÅmbnb¸s\
P·P·m´c§fnse HmÀ½bnte¡v \bn¡p¶p.H.hn.hnPbsâ ZmÀi\nIamb Hu¶Xyw
shfns¸Sp¶ IYmkµÀ`amWnXv.

10. "]d¼nse aª¸pÃneqsS BcpsSsbms¡tbm Zp:Jk©mc§fpsS Xg¼mbn Nhn«Sn¸mX

\o­pt]mIp¶p".
'Zp:Jk©mc§fpsS Xg¼v' F¶ {]tbmKw \ÂIp¶ AÀ°km[yXIÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 shÅmbnb¸sâ Zp:Jw apgph³ Cu hm¡pIfn ImWmw. k©mcw F¶Xv
H.hn.hnPbsâ IrXnIfnse apJykqN\bmWv.H.hn.hnPbs\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw
PohnXw Hcp bm{XbmWv. Cu bm{X Cu P·¯nsâbpw P·m´c§fpsS bm{Xbmbpw
Fgp¯pImc³ IcpXp¶p. hgn amäanÃmsX InS¡p¶p.Zp:Jhpwt]dn At\Iw BÄ¡mÀ
B Nhn«Sn¸mX ]n¶n«pt]mbn«p­v.AXnsâ ASbmfamWv ]d¼nse aª¸pÃnse
Zp:Jk©mc§fpsS Xg¼v.aª\ndw hnjmZs¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶p. Zp:Jk©mcw F¶Xv
Htcm PohIW¯nsâbpw P·Zp:Jambn ChnsS ]cnWan¡p¶p.PohnXbm{X
Ahkm\anÃm¯XmWv.\o­pt]mIp¶ Nhn«Sn¸mXt]mse PohnXZp:J§fpw
Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ.
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 A+ MALAYALAM STD X

11. "c­p Nn{X§Ä Ahbv¡nSbn c­p t]cpIÄ¡nSbnse¶t]mse F´nsâtbms¡tbm

\ndhv"
c­p Nn{X§Ä F¶ {]tbmK¯neqsS sXfnbp¶ Bib§Ä Fs´Ãmw?
 shÅmbnb¸sâ HmÀ½IfmWnXv.AkvXab¯neqsS ]£nIsf t\m¡n AÛpXs¸«
aIsâ HmÀ½Ifpw AkvXab¯neqsS ]mS¯nte¡v Cd§n \S¶ A¸sâ HmÀ½Ifpw
shÅmbnb¸\n \ndbp¶p. ChsbÃmw AkvXabhpambn _Ôs¸«XmWv. AkvXabw
Ahkm\s¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶p.AkvXabw t]mse aIsâ PohnXw Ahkm\n¡m³
t]mhpIbmWv.Aѳ AkvXan¨p.aI³ AkvXan¡m³ t]mIp¶p. acWsa¶
Hgnhm¡m\mIm¯ bmYmÀ°ys¯ Fgp¯pImc³ HmÀ½n¸n¡p¶p.aIsâ ihw
Gäphm§m³ t]mIp¶ Ahkc¯n C¯cw HmÀ½IÄ IYm]m{Xs¯ Gsd
sshImcnIam¡p¶p.AXv IYsb `mhXo{ham¡p¶p.

12. "A]cnNnXsâ kw`mjWw Hcp sIme¡bdns\t¸mse shÅmbnb¸sâ IWvT¯nÂ

Npänapdp¡n"
IYmkµÀ`w \ÂIp¶ kqN\IÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 shÅmbnb¸sâ Akm[mcWamb am\knImhØ shfnhm¡p¶ hmIyamWnXv. aIsâ
Igp¯n sIme¡bdv hogm³ t]mhpIbmWv._mlytemI¯p\n¶pw shÅmbnb¸sâ
a\Êv amdp¶p. ]mgpXdbv¡¸pdapÅ temIw shÅmbnb¸\v A]cnNnXamWv.
{Kmahnip²nbn Pohn¨ shÅmbnb¸\v {Kma¯n\v ]pd¯v \n¶v tIÄ¡p¶ Htcm
iÐhpw A]cnNnXamWv. AXv sIme¡bdmbn shÅmbnb¸\v A\p`hs¸Sp¶p.CXn\v
shÅmbnb¸sâ At¸mgpÅ am\knImhØbpw ImcWamWv. AtXmsSm¸w {Kma \Kc
kwkvImc§Ä X½nepÅ hyXymkhpw ChnsS ImWmw

13. "Nhn«Sn¸mX sh«phgnbn tNÀ¶p.shÅmbnb¸³ sh«phgnbneqsS \S¶p. sh«phgn

]pgbnte¡nd§n".
Cu hmIy¯nsâ {]tXyIX F´v?
 shÅmbnb¸s\m¸w {]IrXnbpw k©cn¡p¶p.ChnsS hmIy§Ä Ne\mßIamIp¶p.

14. 'BImi¯nsâ Ccp«n ]pecnbpsS kqN\'.

Cu hmIy¯n sXfnbp¶ Bibw F´v?
 shÅmbnb¸sâ a\Ênse Zp:JamWv Ccp«v.a\Ên Ahkm\whsc sISmsX
Im¯pkq£n¡p¶ {]Xo£bpsS XncnbmWv ]pecn.

15. "GtXm ioe¯nsâ kzm[o\¯n ]mdmhpImc³ ISemkv \nhÀ¯n t\m¡n.]mdmhpImcsâ

apJw s]s«¶pXs¶ I\nhpäXmbn".
'I\nhpäXmbn' F¶ {]tbmKw \ÂIp¶ kqN\IÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 Hcp hyhØbpsS `mKambn tPmen sN¿p¶ ]mdmhpImc³ kmlNcy§fpsS
k½À±¯m ]cp¡\mbn t]mbncn¡mw. shÅmbnb¸³ Bsc¶v Xncn¨dnªt¸mÄ
]mdmhpImcsâ `mhw amdn.DÅnsâ DÅn klPohnkvt\l¯nsâ BÀ{ZX GsXmcp
a\pjy\nepw ImWmw F¶v [z\n¸n¡p¶XmWv 'I\nhpäXmbn'F¶ {]tbmKw.

16. "I­p®n {ihW¯n\¸pdapÅ Hcp Ømbnbn \nehnfn¨p''.

Bibw hyàam¡pI
 iЯnsâ Hcp \nebmWv Ømbn. {ihW¯n\pa¸pdapÅ iÐw tIÄ¡m³ IgnbnÃ.
{ihW¯n\¸pdapÅ Ømbnbmb iЯn I­p®n\nehnfn¨p F¶XnÂ
I­p®nbpsS DÅnepÅ Xocmk¦S¯nsâ kqN\ \ÂIp¶p.
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17. "c­p hm¡pIÄ am{Xw. c­p hm¡pIÄ¡nSbv¡v Zp:J¯nÂ,au\¯n AÑ\pw aI\pw

AdnhpIÄ ssIamdn".
hniIe\¡pdn¸v Xbmdm¡pI
 PohnX¯n Nne kµÀ`§fn au\¯n\v Hcp]mSv AÀ°Xe§Ä D­mbncn¡pw.
`mjbpsS {]kàn \ãs¸Sp¶ A¯cw kµÀ`§fn au\¯neqsS hnImcw ssI-
amäw sN¿s¸Sp¶p. Xq¡nteäm³ hn[n¡s¸«p Ignbp¶ Hcp aIs\ Aѳ Im-
WpIbmWv.A¸sâbpw aIsâbpw Ahkm\s¯ IqSn¡mgvN. B AÑsâbpw
aIsâbpw a\Ênse k¦S§sf `mjbneqsS hyàam¡m³ IgnbnÃ.

18. "Hcp t]än¨nsbt¸mse Xsâ aIsâ tZls¯ shÅmbnb¸³ ]mdmhpImcnÂ\n¶v Gäphm§n".

hmIyw hniIe\w sNbvXv Ipdn¸v Xbmdm¡pI.
 ]­pIme¯v ho«n h¶p {]khsaSp¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ D­mbncp¶p.AhcmWv
t]än¨nIÄ.hfsc {i²tbmSpw IcpXtemSpamWv AhÀ Hcp IpªpPohs\ ssIIfnÂ
Gdphm§p¶Xv.CtX {i²tbmsS IcpXtemsS shÅmbnb¸³ aIsâ icocw
Gäphm§p¶p.t]än¨n Gäphm§p¶ Ipªnsâ icoc¯n Pohsâ XpSn¸p­mIpw.
shÅmbnb¸³ Gäphm§nb aIsâ icoc¯n \n¶pw Poh³ ]d¶I¶ncn¡p¶p.
shÅmbnb¸\v aIt\mSpÅ AXy[nIamb kvt\lhmÕey§Ä {]ISamIp¶
kµÀ`amWnXv.

19. s]mXnt¨mdv _ent¨mdmb IYbmWv 'IS¯oc¯v'.

hniIe\w sN¿pI
 IYbn s]mXnt¨mdv IYm]m{X¯nsâ Øm\w hln¡p¶p.shÅmbnb¸\v
]mtYbambn tImS¨n \ÂInb tNmäps]mXnbpsS km¶n[yw IYm´ywhsc Im-
Wmw.tNmäps]mXn sI«nbt¸mÄ tImS¨n hogv¯nb I®p\ocnsâ \\hv Iªn\\hmbn
shÅmbnb¸\v A\p`hn¡p¶p. bm{XbnepS\ofw Xt¶msSm¸ap­mbncp¶ s]mXnt¨mdv
shÅmbnb¸sâ IcpXÂ IqSnbmbncp¶p.hni¸pw Zmlhpap­mbn«pw A\nb{´nXamb
GtXm \ntbmK¯m Ign¡msX IcpXnsh¨ncp¶ s]mXnt¨mdv aI\pff _ent¨mdmbn
amdp¶p. aIsâ ihZml¯n\ptijw _ent¨mdmbn Im¡IÄ¡p ap¶nse¯p¶ Cu
']mtYbw' \nÊlmbsâ \nehnfnbmbn IYm´y¯n amdp¶p.

20. IS¯oc¯v F¶ ioÀjI¯nsâ HuNnXyw ]cntim[n¡pI

 shÅmbnb¸³ IS¯ocs¯¯n ssIbnepÅ s]mXnt¨mdv aI\pÅ _ent¨mdmbn
AÀ¸n¡p¶p.bm{Xbn ]etcbpw I­pap«ps¶¦nepw shÅmbnb¸³ Icbp¶nÃ.
shÅmbnb¸sâ a\ÊnepÅ k¦S¡SemWXv. B IS¯oc¯p \n¶mWv AbmÄ
aI\v _enbnSp¶Xv. PohnX¯nsâ ]mgpXdbn \n¶pw A\´amb ISensâ Xoc¯v
IY Ahkm\n¡p¶p.A\´amb ISÂt]mse PohnXbm{XIÄ Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ.
Xoc¯Wbpw hsc Zp:Jhpw t]dnbpÅ bm{X XpSÀ¶psIm­ncn¡pw.

IYm]m{X§Ä-khntijXIÄ

shÅmbnb¸³
 IYbnse tI{µIYm]m{Xw.
 shÅmbnb¸sâ Zp:JamWv IYbnse {]tabw.
 {KmaoWtâXmb s]cpamäw.
 ]mgpXd F¶ {Kma¯n\¸pdapÅ temIw A]cnNnXw.
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 A+ MALAYALAM STD X

 Zmcn{Zy¯m \nÊlmb\mb a\pjy³.

 aIt\mSpÅ AXnbmb kvt\lhmÕeyw.
 hnImc\nb{´Ww.k¦S§sf DÅnsemXp¡p¶p.
 Pbnen\p ap¼nepÅ AÑsâ Im¯ncn¸v.
 Pbne[nImcnIfpsS s]cpamähpw shÅmbnb¸sâ {]XnIcWhpw.
 tNX\bä aIsâ arXtZlw Gäphm§p¶ ]nXmhv.
 arXtZlhpambpÅ bm{X.

Prepared by
Asha.V.T
GHSS, Anchal.East
Kollam

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