What is rust?

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
 VCE CHEMISTRY

U1 AOS1: HOW DO THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF MATERIALS EXPLAIN THEIR PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS?

REACTIONS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

Ionic compounds and

equations (Part 2)
Presented by Louise Lennard

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
What's in this lesson?
Study design dot points

• deduction of the formula and name Formation of ionic compounds1

of an ionic compound from its component
ions, including polyatomic ions (NH4+, OH‾, Writing balanced equations for the
NO3‾, HCO3‾, CO32‾, SO42‾ and PO43‾) reaction between ionic compounds2

• [the formation of ionic compounds

through the transfer of electrons from
metals to non-metals1], and [the writing
of ionic compound formulas, including
those containing polyatomic ions
and transition metal ions2]

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Formation of ionic compounds
Key takeaway Deep dive
• Metal atoms become cations. Recap
Metal atoms donate one or more electrons
Ionic bonding
to non-metal atoms. • Non-metal atoms become anions.
• The overall ionic compound is neutral. Anion (n.)
Negatively charged ion
formed when an atom
+ − gains one or more
valence electrons.
Cation (n.)
Positively charged ion
formed when one or more
Na Cl Na Cl
valence electrons are lost.

Na Cl Na+ Cl−
Sodium atom Chlorine atom Sodium ion Chloride ion
(a cation) (an anion)

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Worked example
Iron metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce rust, iron(III) oxide.

Write a balanced equation for this reaction including states.

(3 marks)

Sample answer
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) à 2Fe2O3(s)

Marking guide
Key criteria Mark allocation

Writes correct formulas for reactants and products 1 mark

Writes a balanced equation 1 mark

Writes correct states 1 mark

Teacher’s tip!
Balance equations by changing the coefficients of reactants 5
© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
and products. Never change the subscripts of formulas!
Multiple choice activity

Identify the correct balanced equation for the A. K(s) + F2(g) à KF(s)
reaction of potassium metal with fluorine gas
to form solid potassium fluoride. B. 2K(s) + F2(g) à 2KF(s)

C. K(s) + F(g) à KF(s)

D. K(s) + 2F(g) à KF(s)

E. I don’t know.

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Multiple choice – response

Identify the correct balanced equation for the A. K(s) + F2(g) à KF(s)
reaction of potassium metal with fluorine gas
to form solid potassium fluoride. B. 2K(s) + F2(g) à 2KF(s)

C. K(s) + F(g) à KF(s)

D. K(s) + 2F(g) à KF(s)

E. I don’t know.

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Writing balanced equations for the reaction between ionic compounds
Key takeaway
Precipitate (n.)
Sometimes two ionic solutions will swap partners to form new ionic compounds. Precipitate is an insoluble
product that is made
If an insoluble product is made, this is called precipitate. when substances
in solution are mixed.

Example
A solution of sodium chloride reacts with a solution
of silver nitrate to form silver chloride and sodium nitrate.

NaCl + AgNO3 à AgCl + NaNO3

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Worked example
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of a solution of lead(II) nitrate with a solution
of potassium iodide.
(2 marks)

Sample answer
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI à PbI2 + 2KNO3

Marking guide
Key criteria Mark allocation

Writes correct formulas for reactants and products 1 mark

Writes a balanced equation 1 mark

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Multiple choice activity

Select the equation that is correctly A. BaCl2 + NaSO4 à BaNa + Cl2SO4

balanced when barium chloride reacts
with sodium sulfate. B. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaNa + Cl2SO4

C. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaSO4 + Na2Cl2

D. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaSO4 + 2NaCl

E. I don’t know.

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Multiple choice – response

Select the equation that is correctly A. BaCl2 + NaSO4 à BaNa + Cl2SO4

balanced when barium chloride reacts
with sodium sulfate. B. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaNa + Cl2SO4

C. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaSO4 + Na2Cl2

D. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 à BaSO4 + 2NaCl

E. I don’t know.

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Summary
Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from metal atoms What’s coming next
Precipitation and ionic
to non-metal atoms. equations
• A cation is a metal atom that has donated one or more valence electrons.
• An anion is a non-metal atom that has accepted one or more valence electrons. Key terms
Cation
+ −
Anion
Precipitate
Na Cl Na Cl

Na Cl Na+ Cl−
Sodium atom Chlorine atom Sodium ion Chloride ion
(a cation) (an anion)

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Ionic compounds have no overall charge.

• A precipitate is a solid formed when two ionic compounds are mixed in a solution.
• Balance equations by changing the coefficients of reactants and products and remember
never to change the subscripts of formulas!

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
Image credits and question sources
Image attribution:
• Page 1: Image by justinblake72 / Pixabay.com license

Question sources:
• All questions are written by Louise Lennard.

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022
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We do our best to make these slides comprehensive and up-to-date, however

there may be errors. We'd appreciate it if you pointed these out to us!

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© Louise Lennard & Edrolo 2022