GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

cOURSE &CODE-CNE/22418
ACADEMIC YEAR-2021-22

A MICRO-PROJECT ON

“Prepare a chart on principle of operation of

Transformer”

FOR THEAWARDOF

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

(ELECTRICAL -EE4I)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof: T.D.BOMBILWAR
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE & CODE-CNE/22418

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Micro-project entitled :“Prepare a chart

on principle of operation of Transformer”being submitted here with for
the award of DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING of MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD&
TECHNICAL EDUCATION (MSBTE) is the result of Micro-project
work completed by -44,15,23,70 under the supervision and
guidance of Prof:MR.AMITJAVJE

It is to the best of my knowledge and belief that the work

embodied in this Micro- project has not formed earlier the basis for
the award of any degree or diploma of this or any other Board or
examining body
Academic Year: 2021-2022 Semester:FOUR Enrollment No:

Place: Ambad
Date:

Micro-project Guide H.O.D Principal

Prof. T.D.BOMBILWAR .P.R.Bhilegaonkar Dr.A.M. Jinturkar

 DECLARATION

I, the undersigned hereby declare that the project

entitled:“Prepare a chart on principle of operation of
Transformer”is written and submitted by me to
Government Polytechnic Ambad during Year 2021-22,
FORE Semester for partial fulfillment of the ‘Micro
Project’ requirement of CNE course under
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai curriculum, under the guidance of Prof.
T.D.BOMBILWAR is my original work. The empirical
findings in this project are based on the :“Prepare a chart
on principle of operation of Transformer”

Yours Sincerely,

Place:Ambad SACHIN PATHARKAR

……………………………………
…

DATE:
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE&CODE-CNE/22418

ACADEMIC YEAR- 2021-22

A MICRO-PROJECT ON

“Prepare a chart on principle of operation of Transformer”

(ELECTRICALEE4I)
SUBMITTED BY
Roll no. Enrollment no. Name
44 2011620178 PATHARKAR SACHIN RANGNATH

23 2011620156 KARDE ONKAR BADRINARAYAN

15 2011620147 GHUGE RUSHIKESH MANOHAR

70 2111620412 PATEKAR YOGESH RAM

Power Transformer:-

Power Transformer and its Types- A Machine used to transfer

electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit or multiple
circuits without a change in the frequency. A transformer is
provided with Primary and Secondary sides. A varying current
which is the Alternating current in any one coil of the transformer
produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer core, which
interns induces a varying EMF Electromotive force across any
other coils wrapped around the same core. So, with the help of a
transformer, electrical energy can be transferred from one coil to
one or multiple coils without the physical connection i.e. the
Primary and Secondary sides are not electrically connected.

A transformer is not used to generate electrical energy, but it is

used to transfer the electrical energy from one circuit to another
circuit to multiple circuits. The transformer coil side which is
connected with the input Alternating current is called the Primary
side, while the side of the transformer which is connected with
 the output load is called the secondary side of the transformer,
while the core of a transformer is an electromagnetic device that
increases for decreases the voltage flow according to the output
requirements.

 Ifthere are a greater number of turns on the secondary coil

than on the primary coil, the alternating current will have a higher
voltage than Input voltage on the Primary side. This is known as
a step-up transformer.
 If there are fewer turns on the secondary coil than on the
primary coil, the output alternating current will have a lower
voltage than the input voltage on the Primary coil. This is known
as a step-down transformer.
Power Transformers increase or decrease line voltages, and,
if needed for integrated circuit or other specialized circuit
operations, can aid with the transformation from AC
voltage to DC voltage.
General description of the transformer

Basically a transformer is a four-terminal

device that is used to transform an AC input voltage into a
higher or lower AC output voltage. Regardless of the
Voltage Levels, no matter the voltage is increased or the
voltage is decreased, It transforms power from a particular
circuit to another with no frequency changes. Normally a
transformer consists of three major components: primary
winding, which acts as an input, the secondary coil,
secondary winding, which acts as the output, and the iron
core, which serves to strengthen the magnetic field
generated. If you open or disassemble a Transformer you
will find that a transformer has no internal moving parts,
and it transfers energy from one circuit to another by
electromagnetic induction, the primary and secondary
sides of the transformer remains completely isolated i.e.
having now physical metallic connection.

For the low load transformers no external cooling is

necessary, but transformers used in 1500 watt and higher
needs the cooling, this is why if you open such stabilizers
and Inverters you will find small fans, so in a nutshell, the
high ampere or high load transformers are provided with
external cooling systems which include Radiators, Oil
Pumps, Fans, and heat exchangers, etc. You will find
transformers in villages, towns, cities, industries, etc
because a change in voltage is needed.. Power transformers
are defined as transformers rated 500 kVA and larger (In
figure 1 is shown typical power transformer).
Power Transformers are used to move electrical energy between
different circuits totally isolated from one another and this
permits utilizing high voltages for transmission lines, bringing
about a lower flow. Higher voltage and lower current decrease the
necessary size and cost of transmission lines and diminish
transmission misfortunes.

They don’t require, as much consideration as most different

gadgets; in any case, the consideration and support, which they
truly require, is totally fundamental. Due to their unwavering
quality, upkeep is once in a while overlooked, which decreases
administration life and some of the time altogether
disappointment
Transformer Principle of operation

A Transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical

energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction. A varying current in one winding of the transformer
produces a magnetic field which in turn induces an Electromotive
force or voltage in a second Winding. Power can be transferred
between the 2 Windings through the magnetic field, without a
metallic connection between the two circuits. A changing current
in a conductor sets up a changing magnetic field around the
conductor. If secondary winding is placed within this changing
magnetic field a voltage will be induced into that winding.
Transformer Turns Ratio

The voltage induced into the secondary winding would have a magnitude
that depends on the TURNS RATIO of the transformer. I.e. if the
secondary winding has half the no of turns of the primary winding, then
the secondary voltage will be half the voltage across the primary winding.
If the secondary winding has twice the no of turns of the primary winding
the secondary voltage will be Two times the primary voltage.

Transformer Power ratio

The transformer is a passive component it cannot produce more power out from its
secondary than is applied to its primary. Therefore if the secondary voltage is greater
than the primary voltage by a particular amount, the secondary current will be
smaller than the primary current by a similar amount.

Principle of working
A Transformer is a simple stationary “with no moving parts” Electromagnetic
Passive electrical device that works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of induction by
converting electrical energy from one value to another. Actually, mutual induction
between two or more winding is responsible for transformation action in an
electrical transformer. Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction (second law)
states that the magnitude of emf (E) induced in the coil is equal to the rate
of change of flux that linkages with the coil. The flux linkage of the coil is the
product of the number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.
 As we said before, the transformer has three main parts, which are:

Primary Winding of transformer

Secondary Winding of transformer

Magnetic Core of transformer

The type of the transformer depends on the number of turns used on the Primary
side and Secondary side. To recognize a Transformer whether it is a step-up or step-
down is very simple. All you need is count the number of turns on the primary side
and also on the secondary side. If the number of turns on the primary side are
greater than the number of turns on the secondary Side this it is a Step-Down
Transformer. While on the other hand, if the number of turns on the Primary side
are less than the number of turns on the secondary side then it is a Step-up
transformer.

For the Step-up transformer, Secondary side turns > Primary side Turns

For the Step-down Transformer Secondary side turn < Primary side Turns
References:

1) https://www.google.com/search?q=principle+of+opera
tion+of+Transformer%E2%80%9D&rlz=1C1FKPE_enIN
987IN987&sxsrf=ALiCzsabW-
_F95MHGLSb9RbemweEzAXiIg:1653326326846&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUgqPDkPb3A
hWzQfUHHVZ7BOQQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1280
&bih=913&dpr=1#imgrc=_tTumf0akZ19yM
2) https://byjus.com/jee/transformer/
3) https://www.tutorialspoint.com/working-principle-of-
a-transformer
4) https://www.circuitbread.com/textbooks/electromagnet
ics-i/time-varying-fields/transformers-principle-of-
operation
5)