Sound and Speed of Sound: Mr. Jerome Morales, LPT Mr. John Kenneth Bugal, LPT Grade 10 Physics Teachers

SOUND AND SPEED OF
SOUND
Mr. Jerome Morales, LPT
Mr. John Kenneth Bugal, LPT
GRADE 10 PHYSICS TEACHERS
Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this discussion, the students should be
able to:
• Describe the characteristics of sound using the
concepts of wavelength, velocity, and amplitude
• Compare the speed of sound passing through
solids, liquids, and gases
• Investigate the effect of temperature to the speed
of sound
PICTIONARY

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Each team will be given a word/phrase to guess.
2. One (1) representative from each group will be
assigned to draw the word/phrase assigned to them.
3. Strictly no using of letters or words (speaking also
prohibited for the representative).
4. Each team gets two (2) minutes to guess the
word/phrase.
5. Teams to get the correct answer merits a recitation
chip for each member.
ITEM #1
A QUIET
PLACE
ITEM #2
ELECTRIC
GUITAR
ITEM #3
SONIC THE
HEDGEHOG
ITEM #4
ULSTRASOUND SCAN

ITEM #5
KARAOKE NIGHT

ITEM #6
DISCO
ITEM #7
NOISE POLLUTION

ITEM #8
SOUNDPROOF WALL

PROCESSING QUESTION
WHAT IS COMMON IN THE

WORDS PROVIDED?

PROCESSING QUESTION
HOW IS SOUND GENERATED

BASED ON WHAT YOU CAN
REMEMBER FROM PREVIOUS
LESSONS?
PROCESSING QUESTION
IN WHAT MEDIUM
DOES SOUND TRAVEL
FASTEST?
INTRODUCTORY QUESTION
WHAT IS SOUND?

WHAT IS SOUND?
SOUND IS A PRESSURE OSCILLATION

TRANSMITTED THROUGH MATTER.
IT IS PRODUCED BY A VIBRATING
SOURCE CAUSING A CHANGE IN AIR
PRESSURE.

SOUND FROM A SOURCE
FEEL YOUR THROAT WHILE
SPEAKING.
WHAT CAN YOU FEEL ON

YOUR THROAT WHILE YOU
ARE SPEAKING OR
PRODUCING SOUND?

SOUND FROM A SOURCE
THESE VIBRATIONS THAT

YOU FEEL PRODUCES THE
SOUND OF YOUR
SPEAKING VOICE.

CONSIDER THIS
WE CAN REPRESENT
YOUR VOCAL CORD
(SOUND SOURCE) AS
THE VIBRATING BELL
BELOW.

CONSIDER THIS
THE BLUE COLOR

REPRESENTS THE AIR
PARTICLES.
COMPARE THE
VELOCITIES OF
PARTICLES IN A AND B.

CONSIDER THIS
WHAT CAN YOU SAY

ABOUT THE AIR
PRESSURE IN A AND IN
B?

SOUND FROM A SOURCE
THE RESULT OF THE VELOCITY CHANGES IS THAT THE
FORWARD MOTION OF THE BELL PRODUCES A REGION
WHERE THE AIR PRESSURE IS SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN
AVERAGE.
THE BACKWARD MOTION OF THE BELL PRODUCES

SLIGHTLY BELOW-AVERAGE PRESSURE.

SOUND FROM A SOURCE
COLLISIONS AMONG THE AIR PARTICLES CAUSE THE
PRESSURE VARIATIONS TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE BELL
IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
THE VALUE OF AIR PRESSURE RISE AND FALL. IN THIS

WAY, THE PRESSURE VARIATIONS ARE TRANSMITTED
THROUGH MATTER. THIS IS WHAT WE CALL SOUND.

PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS
THE PRESSURE OF THE

AIR OSCILLATES ABOUT
THE MEAN AIR PRESSURE.

SOUND’S FREQUENCY
THE FREQUENCY OF
SOUND IS THE NUMBER
OF PRESSURE
OSCILLATIONS EACH
SECOND.

WAVE CLASSIFICATION OF SOUND
SOUND IS AN EXAMPLE OF A LONGITUDINAL WAVE.
THE DIRECTION OF VIBRATIONS FROM THE SOUND SOURCE IS IN THE SAME

DIRECTION AS THE SOUND PROPAGATION.
ALTHOUGH IT SHARES PROPERTIES OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE, IT IS STILL

CONSIDERED AS LONGITUDINAL WAVES BECAUSE IT SATISFIES THE SAME
DIRECTION CONDITION.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER
CAN SOUND WAVES TRAVEL IN OTHER MEDIA

LIKE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS?
YES, SOUND IS A MECHANICAL WAVE. IT TRAVELS
THROUGH MEDIUMS AND IT CHANGES ITS SPEED
DEPENDING ON THE MATERIAL IT TRAVELS
THROUGH.
SOUND IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS
SOUND SHARE PROPERTIES WITH OTHER WAVES TOO.

THE SPEED OF SOUND DEPENDS ON THE MEDIUM
THROUGH WHICH IT TRAVELS.
SOUND CAN TRAVEL IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. IN

FACT, THEY TRAVEL RELATIVELY FASTER IN THESE
MEDIUMS.
SOUND IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS

THINK OF IT THIS WAY
THE MORE
COMPACT THE
PARTICLES ARE,
THE FASTER THE
SOUND CAN
TRAVEL IN
THEM.
REFLECTION OF SOUND
SOUND REFLECT OFF

HARD OBJECTS SUCH
AS A COMPACT WALL
OF A ROOM.
REFLECTED SOUND
WAVES ARE CALLED
ECHO.
REFLECTION OF SOUND
THE TIME REQUIRED FOR AN

ECHO TO RETURN TO THE
SOURCE OF THE SOUND CAN
BE USED TO FIND THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
SOURCE AND THE REFLECTIVE
OBJECT.
ECHOLOCATION
ECHOLOCATION IS THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED BY

PHYSICISTS TAKING INSPIRATION FROM
BATS/WHALES TO DETECT A SPECIFIC LOCATION.
APPLICATIONS OF THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN BE

OBSERVED FROM MARITIME INDUSTRIES.

ECHOLOCATION IN MARITIME

REVERBERATION
REFERS TO MULTIPLE SOUND

REFLECTIONS IN A CERTAIN
PLACE.
EXAMPLE: SOUND OF YOUR
SINGING VOICE WHILE IN THE
BATHROOM.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN SOUND SPEED
TEMPERATURE IS ANOTHER CONDITION THAT

AFFECTS SOUND SPEED. HEAT, LIKE SOUND, IS A
FORM OF KINETIC ENERGY.
MOLECULES AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES HAVE MORE

ENERGY AND CAN VIBRATE FASTER WHICH ALLOWS
SOUND TO TRAVEL MORE QUICKLY.

THIS IS ALSO THE COMMON REASON

WHY MUSICAL CONCERTS ARE USUALLY
HELD AT NIGHT.
AT NIGHTTIME, AIR TEMPERATURE IS
RELATIVELY COOLER MAKING SOUND
WAVES TRAVEL SLOWER AND STAY
LONGER IN THE CONCERT AREA.
PHYSICS OF KARAOKE
THE KARAOKE THAT YOU ENJOY WITH YOUR FAMILY AND

FRIENDS USES A TECHNOLOGY CALLED THE MICROPHONE.
PHYSICS OF KARAOKE
MICROPHONES ARE EXAMPLE OF SOUND

DETECTORS.
SOUND DETECTORS
SOUND DETECTORS TRANSFORM SOUND

ENERGY INTRO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IS

CALLED THE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT.

SOUND DETECTORS

THE HUMAN EAR

THE HUMAN EAR
EARS ARE NATURAL SOUND
DETECTORS.
THEY CONVERT ENERGY FROM
SOUND WAVES INTO ELECTRICAL
IMPULSES SENT TO THE BRAIN TO
PERCEIVE SOUND.

THE HUMAN EAR
AURICLE – (ALSO REFERRED TO AS
PINNA IN OTHER REFERENCES) ARE
CURVED SHAPE STRUCTURES ON
BOTH EARS TO EFFECTIVELY
RECEIVE SOUND WAVES BEFORE
THEY ENTER THE AUDITORY CANAL.

THE HUMAN EAR
AUDITORY CANAL (OR EAR CANAL)
SERVES AS AN ENTRYWAY FOR
SOUND WAVES TO TRAVEL GOING
TO THE EAR DRUM OR TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE.

THE HUMAN EAR
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
THIS IS ALSO CALLED THE EAR
DRUMS.
THESE ARE SOUND RECEPTORS
THAT SENDS THE SOUND
VIBRATIONS TO THE OUTER EAR.

THE HUMAN EAR
OSSICLES
LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE EAR.
COMPOSED OF MALLEUS, INCUS, AND
THE STAPES.
THESE BONES ARE VIBRATED BY THE
SOUND WAVES AND TRANSFERS THESE
VIBRATIONS TO THE COCHLEA.

THE HUMAN EAR
COCHLEA
FLUID-FILLED PART OF THE EAR. IT IS
THE CENTRAL ORGAN OF THE EAR. IT IS
SPIRAL SHAPED LIKE A SNAIL AND IT
TRANSDUCES SOUND WAVES INTO
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES.

THE HUMAN EAR
AUDITORY NERVE
THIS PART OF THE EAR TRANSMITS THE
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES FROM THE
COCHLEA TO THE BRAIN WHERE IT WILL
BE PROCESSED TO BECOME
INFORMATION/SENSATION.

PERCEIVABLE SOUND RANGE
SOUND CAN ONLY BE HEARD BY HUMANS WITHIN THE
FREQUENCY OF 20 Hz TO 20KHz
SOUND FREQUENCIES BELOW 20 Hz ARE CALLED

INFRASOUND WHILE SOUND ABOVE 20KHz ARE
CALLED ULTRASOUND.

PERCEIVABLE SOUND RANGE

THE HEARING TEST
h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-iCZElJ8m0
SOUND PERCEPTION
PITCH
IT IS THE HIGHNESS OR LOWNESS OF SOUND.
THE PITCH WE HEAR DEPENDS ON THE FREQUENCY OF
VIBRATION.

SOUND PERCEPTION
LOUDNESS
THE LOUDNESS OF A SOUND DEPENDS PRIMARILY ON
THE AMPLITUDE OF THE PRESSURE WAVE.
THE HUMAN EAR IS EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO

PRESSURE VARIATIONS IN SOUND WAVES, WHICH IS
THE AMPLITUDE OF THE WAVE.
SOUND PERCEPTION
SOUND LEVEL / SOUND INTENSITY
A LOGARITHMIC SCALE IN WHICH AMPLITUDES
(PRESSURE VARIATIONS) ARE MEASURED
DECIBEL (dB)
UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR SOUND LEVEL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this discussion, the students should be
able to:
• Describe the characteristics of sound using the
concepts of wavelength, velocity, and amplitude
• Compare the speed of sound passing through
solids, liquids, and gases
• Investigate the effect of temperature to the speed
of sound

Sound and Speed of Sound: Mr. Jerome Morales, LPT Mr. John Kenneth Bugal, LPT Grade 10 Physics Teachers

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SOUND AND SPEED OF

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

WHAT IS COMMON IN THE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

HOW IS SOUND GENERATED

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

SOUND IS A PRESSURE OSCILLATION

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

WHAT CAN YOU FEEL ON

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THESE VIBRATIONS THAT

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE BLUE COLOR

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

WHAT CAN YOU SAY

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE BACKWARD MOTION OF THE BELL PRODUCES

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE VALUE OF AIR PRESSURE RISE AND FALL. IN THIS

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE PRESSURE OF THE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE DIRECTION OF VIBRATIONS FROM THE SOUND SOURCE IS IN THE SAME

ALTHOUGH IT SHARES PROPERTIES OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE, IT IS STILL

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

CAN SOUND WAVES TRAVEL IN OTHER MEDIA

SOUND SHARE PROPERTIES WITH OTHER WAVES TOO.

SOUND CAN TRAVEL IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. IN

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

SOUND REFLECT OFF

THE TIME REQUIRED FOR AN

ECHOLOCATION IS THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED BY

APPLICATIONS OF THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN BE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

REFERS TO MULTIPLE SOUND

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

TEMPERATURE IS ANOTHER CONDITION THAT

MOLECULES AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES HAVE MORE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THIS IS ALSO THE COMMON REASON

THE KARAOKE THAT YOU ENJOY WITH YOUR FAMILY AND

MICROPHONES ARE EXAMPLE OF SOUND

SOUND DETECTORS TRANSFORM SOUND

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IS

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THEY CONVERT ENERGY FROM

SOUND WAVES INTO ELECTRICAL

IMPULSES SENT TO THE BRAIN TO

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

PINNA IN OTHER REFERENCES) ARE

CURVED SHAPE STRUCTURES ON

BOTH EARS TO EFFECTIVELY

RECEIVE SOUND WAVES BEFORE