NUTRITION AND

FOOD SAFETY
VCF3083
MINERALS
(AND WATER)

Dr. Mohd Yusof Bin Kamaruzaman

yusof.kamar@ftv.upsi.edu.my
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. What is Minerals?
2. Classification of major and trace minerals
3. List of minerals
1. Sources
2. Functions
3. Toxicity and Deficiency

4. What is water?
5. Functions of water
6. Water requirement
 •Human needs small amount of minerals in
their diet, but it plays important roles in
human body.
WHAT IS •Minerals have some distinctive properties
MINERALS? that are not shared by other nutrients.
•Divided into 2:
1. Major minerals.
2. Trace minerals.
 1. Large amount within the human diet – over
100 milligrams daily and called as major
minerals:
 Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Sodium, Sulfur.

MINERALS 2. Small amount within the human diet – less

100 milligrams daily and called as trace
mineral:
 Chromium, Copper, Fluoride, Iodine, Iron, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Selenium, Zinc.
MAJOR MINERALS
MAJOR MINERALS
English Bahasa Melayu Symbol
Calcium Kalsium Ca
Chloride Klorida Cl
Magnesium Magnesium Mg
Phosphorus Fosforus P
Potassium Kalium K
Sodium Natrium Na
Sulfur Sulfur S
MAJOR MINERALS
MAJOR MINERALS
MAJOR MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS
English Bahasa Malaysia Symbol
Chromium Kromium Cr
Copper Kuprum/Tembaga Cu
Fluoride Fluorida F
Iodine Iodin I
Iron Zat besi/ferum Fe
Manganese Mangan Mn
Molybdenum Molibdenum Mo
Selenium Selenium Se
Zinc Zink Zn
TRACE MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS
WATER
 WATER
•Water is the most abundant
substance in the body.
•Average healthy adult is 45–75%
water depending on:
• Age.
• Percent of water declines with age.
• Composition of fat and muscle.
• Muscle is ~65% water.
• Fat is 10–40% water.
• Gender.
FUNCTIONS OF You can survive for weeks
WATER IN without food but, you can
survive only a few days
YOUR BODY without water.
FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN YOUR BODY
All body cells need and depend on water to perform their function:
1. Medium of metabolic activities and participate in some metabolic reaction.
2. Carries nutrient to the cells and carries away waste materials to the kidneys
and out of the body in urine.
3. Needed in the process of converting food into energy and tissue.
4. In digestion water is need to softens, dilutes, and liquefies the food to make
digestion easier.
5. It also helps move food along the gastrointestinal tract.
6. Over 90% of blood is water, so water maintains blood volume in human
body and helps maintain normal temperatures. E.g.: when do exercise.
7. It also play part of body lubricants, helping the cushion the joints and internal
organs, keeping tissues in the eyes, lungs, and passage moist and protecting
the fetus during pregnancy.
HOW MUCH WATER DO YOU NEED?
•Women: 2.7 liters/day.
•Men: 3.7 liters/day.
•There are no rule of thumb for how many glasses of people should
drink each day. It depends on:
• Daily activities.
• How someone expose to hot temperature.

•Water sources consumed by human:

• 80% from beverages (drinking water, coffee, tea, and cola).
• 20% comes from moisture of foods. Mostly food contain some water. For example:
eggs (75%), meat (between 40-75%) and bread (35%).
• Our body gets rid of water it doesn’t need through kidney (urine) and skin and
sometime through gastrointestinal tract.