CET 402 Quantity

Surveying and Valuation

Lecture 2 - Module 1 , Session 2
Class Objectives

1. Types and purpose of estimates,

2. Simple problems of approximate estimate

2
Types of Estimates

1. Preliminary Estimate
2. Plinth Area Estimate
3. Cube Rate Estimate
4. Approximate Quantity Estimate
5. Detailed Estimate/ Item Rate Estimate
6. Revised Estimate
7. Supplementary Estimate
8. Supplementary and Revised Estimate’
9. Maintenance Estimate

3
1. Preliminary Estimate
1. Prepared to analyse financial feasibility at initial stages (Why)
2. Prepared from practical knowledge and cost of similar works (How)
3. Methods to prepare preliminary estimate:
a) Buildings b) Roads and Highways
c) Irrigation Channels d) Bridges and Culverts e) Sewerage Project and
Water supply project

4
Preliminary Estimate - Buildings
i) Per Unit basis :
Per student for schools and hostels
per classroom for schools
per bed for hospitals
Q. A hostel for 100 students is being constructed for a school in a remote village. 50
workemen will be working on the project for 6 months. Approximate cost of a hostel
building per student is Rs.10,000. What is the cost of the building of the hostel
according to per unit basis estimate?
ii) Plinth area basis iii) Cubic Content basis iv) Approximate quantity method

5
Preliminary Estimate - Others
Roads: Per kilometer basis depending on the nature of road, width, thickness.
For example, 10km of a state highway at approximate cost of Rs. 5,00,000 per km
works out as Rs. 50 lakhs.
Irrigation channel - per kilometer basis or per area commanded
Bridges and Culverts - per running meter of span depending upon the roadway,
nature, type of structure, etc.
Sewerage and Water Supply - per head of population or per area
Overhead water tank - per litre of water

6
2. Plinth Area Estimate

1. Prepared based on the plinth area of the building

2. Plinth area rate is found from the cost of similar buildings
3. Estimate is prepared by multiplying the plinth area with the plinth area
4. For storeyed building, the plinth area estimate is prepared for each storey
separately

Q. The length, breadth and height of a building are 20m, 5m and 3m. The building
is located in a plot of 30m by 20m size. If the plinth area rate is Rs.900/square
meter, what is the plinth area estimate of the building?

7
3. Cube Rate Estimate for Building
1. Prepared based on the cubical contents of the building
2. Cubic rate is found from the cost of similar buildings
3. Estimate is prepared by multiplying the cubical content with the cubic rate
4. For storeyed building, the cubic estimate is prepared for each storey
separately
5. Cubic rate is more accurate than plinth area rate as the height of the building
is also compared.
Q. The length, breadth and height of a building are 20m, 5m and 3m. The building
is located in a plot of 30m by 20m size.If the cubic rate is Rs.250/cubic meter,
what is the cubic area estimate of the building?

8
4. Approximate Quantity Estimate
1. Prepared based on the total length of walls
2. The structure is divided into two parts :
a. Foundation including plinth
b. Superstructure
3. The running meter cost of foundation is found based on the approximate quantity
and rate of work items such as excavation, foundation, brickwork upto plinth, and
damp proof course
4. The running meter cost of superstructure is found based on the approximate
quantity and rate of work items such as brickwork, woodwork, roof, floor finishing.
5. Estimated Cost of the Building = Rate of foundation x Wall length +
Rate of superstructure x Wall length

9
5. Detailed Estimate / Item Rate Estimate

1. Accurate estimate
2. Quantity and cost of each item is found out.
3. The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages:
a. Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities

From drawings, plans

a. Abstract of Estimated Cost

From quantities already calculated, schedule of rates, analysis of rates

10
Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities

Item Description or No Length Breadth Height or Content or Explanatory

No Particulars Depth Quantity Notes

11
Details of Measurement - Sample

12
Abstract of Costs

Item No Description or Quantity Unit Rate Amount

Particulars

13
Abstract of Costs - Sample

14
6. Revised Estimate

1. A detailed estimate required to be prepared when:

● The original sanctioned estimate is expected to exceed by more than 5%
● When there are deviations from the original proposal

2. The revised estimate should be accompanied by a comparative statement

showing the variation of each item of work and the reason for the variation.

15
7. Supplementary Estimate

A detailed estimate prepared when additional works are required to supplement

the original works.

The original estimate is retained. The supplementary estimate is kept in addition to

it.

16
8.Supplementary and Revised Estimate

When a reduction of at least 5% from the original estimate is anticipated, a

‘revised and supplementary’ estimate is prepared.

The reduction could be due to :

- using cheaper alternative construction methods or materials,

- abandonment of a part of the initially planned work

17
9. Maintenance Estimate

A detailed estimate prepared for the maintenance of a structure for its proper
functioning

For road works, the annual repair estimate provides for patch repairing, renewals,
repairs of bridges and culverts, etc.

18
Review Questions

1. List 4 methods used for approximate estimates

2. List 5 cases where detailed estimates are prepared
3. Among cubic rate and plinth rate estimates, which one is supposed to be
more accurate?
4. What are details to be included in a details of measurement table?
5. What are the details to be included in an abstract of costs table ?

19