PRACTICUM REPORT

TEST STRENGTH OF PRESS RED BRICK

PROPOSED TO COMPLETE THE TASK

LABORATORY COURSES INGREDIENTS 1

EVEN SEMESTER

2021/2022

Submitted by:

1. ELLA DWI MAYANTI (2101022062)

2. M. AGIL ALGIFARI (2101022072)
3. MUHAMMAD RAFIF APSAURI (2101022079)
4. MUHAMMAD EVAN GIFFARY (2101022097)

MATERIAL TESTING LABORATORY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PADANG STATE POLYTECHNIC

2022
 DECLARATION
PRACTICUM REPORT
MATERIAL TESTING I
Practicum Period March 28 – April 1, 2022

BY :

1. ELLA DWI MAYANTI (2101022062)

2. M. AGIL ALGIFARI (2101022072)
3. MUHAMMAD RAFIF APSAURI (2101022079)
4. MUHAMMAD EVAN GIFFARY (2101022097)

I A D.III CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted to Complete the Tasks for Materials Laboratory Course I

Even Semester
2021/2022

Approved by:

Instructor Instructor

MUKHLIS,ST.,MT LUSYANA ,ST.,MT

NIP : 19760623 200212 1 003 NIP : 19751001 200003 2 002
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We always express gratitude for the presence of Allah SWT who bestows the grace

of health, opportunity, strength, and gifts. So that we can complete this report on time.

This report is based on what we know and the books we have read.

We also take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude to:

 Parents who always give encouragement and encouragement

 Mr. Mukhlis , ST. , MT and Mrs. Lusyana , ST. , MT as a lecturer in Building

Materials Course I

 And friends from 1A D .III Civil Engineering who collaborated well in

practicum and report writing.

This report is presented systematically, making it easier for readers to understand

the meaning and significance of the material.

We realize that this report is far from perfect because there are still many mistakes

and shortcomings. Therefore, we sincerely hope for constructive criticism and

suggestions for the common good and the perfection of this report . Finally, I hope this

paper can be useful as it should be.

Padang, 1 April 2022

Write
 ABSTRACT

Clay brick building is one element which is widely used in Indonesia, therefore it is
important to find out the strength of clay brick. There are many test methods of
compressive strength clay bricks that can be used, leading to differences in the results of
each test methods. In this research, the process of testing clay brick of each test method
are SNI and ASTM model test piece for SNI total 4 models (Cube, 6 mm SNI,1 cm
SNI, 2 cm SNI), while for the method ASTM models tested only one according to the
provisions listed in ASTM C67. For testing process that refers to the SNI surface of the
specimen is loaded until it reaches the maximum load with a speed of 2 Kg / cm2 / sec.
As for the method ASTM test specimen is loaded until it reaches the maximum load
with a speed of 907.125 Kg / min. Results of the test showed a significant difference
between the model of the test object that refers ASTM and SNI. Average for the test
object which refers ASTM model has a compressive strength is 62.002 Kg / cm2 for
Gondanglegi and 60.596 Kg / cm2 for Turen. Meanwhile the highest average which
refers SNI has compressive strength refer to a method models of SNI of 2 cm is 21.604
Kg / cm2 for Gondanglegi and SNI model of 1 cm is 24.014 Kg / cm2 for Turen.

Keywords : clay brick, compressive strength, SNI, ASTM

 Table of Contents

DECLARATION.........................................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..............................................................................................................3
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................7
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................7
2. 2 Research Purpose..............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER II...............................................................................................................................9
LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................9
2.1 Red Bricks....................................................................................................................9
2.2 Mortar...........................................................................................................................9
2.3 Portland Cement...........................................................................................................9
2.4 Quartz Sand..................................................................................................................9
2.5 Water............................................................................................................................9
2.6 Water Cement Factor (FAS).........................................................................................9
2.7 Strong Press Red Brick.................................................................................................9
2.8 SNI 15-2094-2000........................................................................................................9
2.9 ASTM C67...................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER III............................................................................................................................12
METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................................12
3.1 Time and Place of Testing..........................................................................................12
3.2 Testing Tools and Materials.......................................................................................12
A. Tool............................................................................................................................12
B. Ingredient...................................................................................................................12
3.3 Work safety................................................................................................................12
3.4 Implementation Procedure..........................................................................................13
CHAPTER IV............................................................................................................................15
RESULTS..................................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER V..............................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................18
A. Conclusions....................................................................................................................18
 B. Recommendations..........................................................................................................18
CHAPTER VI............................................................................................................................19
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................19
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Bricks according to SNI 15-2094-2000 is a building element that intended for

construction buildings and those made of earth with or without a mixture of other
ingredients, burned high enough, so it can't disintegrates again when immersed in water.

There are many types of bricks in Indonesia, including red brick, brick, bataton, and
light brick. However, the type bricks that are widely used in Indonesia is a local red
brick that made of clay and molded manually. Because apart from the manufacturing
process which is easier, raw materials for manufacture This red brick is also often found
in Indonesia.

Amount of raw materials for manufacture red bricks in Indonesia don't make all red
bricks in Indonesia are of high quality. This is evidenced by the many cracks in the
walls of houses in Indonesia which uses masonry walls red. According to (Wisnumurti;
Soehardjono, A.; Palupi, K.A) compressive strength of walls more red bricks affected
by mortar strength and limited by the strength of the red brick.

The mortar itself is an adhesive of the red masonry wall that made from a mixture of
cement and also sand. According to SNI 15-2094-2000 sand used in the mix The mortar
must be quartz sand whose grains are between the diameter sieves 0.3 mm and 0.15
mm, and the highest SiO2 content little 95%. cement mix proportion and mixed sand
have an effect on the force generated by the wall red bricks. More and more the amount
of cement in the composition of the mixture cement and sand it will be stronger, and
vice versa the more the amount of sand in the composition of the mixture cement and
sand will eat more weaken the strength of the brick wall the.

Meanwhile, the power of the red brick is the durability of red brick to the
perpendicular forces which are divided with the area of the red brick. For know the
power of red bricks There are several test methods including, SNI method, and ASTM.

The difference of some methods The test object is located in the area of the brick
tested red. For the SNI method There are four types of test objects namely SNI with a
mortar thickness of 0.6 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, as well as a cube-shaped test object, while for
the ASTM method the test object half a brick. Refers to the power of red bricks
obtained through the relationship between the given styles with the area of the red brick
of course the difference test method and shape of the test object affect the strength of
the red brick the.

With the condition of the red bricks in Indonesia is not standardized, so that
research is needed to find out how much power red bricks in Indonesia by using SNI
and ASTM methods. In research In this case, the research will focus on the results the
compressive strength of red bricks using the SNI method and ASTM and how big is the
difference in results compressive strength of the method.

1.2 Research Purpose

The purpose of this research is to find out how big the difference is the power of red
bricks of various kinds test method. Among the methods SNI and ASTM methods.
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Red Bricks

Red brick is an element buildings made of clay with or without additives such as
powder saw, rice husk or sand. This clay printed in the form of blocks, then burned
harden it, so that it cannot disintegrates again when immersed in water with the standard
size of the red brick is 23 cm x 11cm x 50cm.

2.2 Mortar

Mortar is a mixture that serves to attach the red brick. Mortar made with a mixture
consisting of cement and sand. Based on (Frick, 1980:133), mortar mix can be made
with a ratio of 1 cement: 4 sand: 0.5 lime with the addition of enough water. In this
study, the type of sand used used is quartz sand while the type of cement used is
Portland cement. In the mortar compressive strength test according to SNI 03-6825-
2002 test object in the form of a cube with a side size of 5 cm, made of mortar with a
mixture of cement portland, sand and water with composition certain. The test is carried
out after the mortar hardened by using a testing machine press. The compressive
strength value is obtained by divide the maximum load (N) with a cross-sectional area
(mm²).

P
σ = … … … … … . . … … (1)
A

With :

σ = compressive strength of mortar.

Pmax = Maximum compressive force

A = Cross-sectional area of the test object

2.3 Portland Cement

Portland cement defined as hydraulic cement produced by grinding cement slag

portland mainly consisting of calcium hydraulically milled silicates together with
additives in the form of one or more crystalline forms calcium sulfate compound and
can be added with other additives (SNI 15-2049- 2004).

2.4 Quartz Sand

Quartz sand is weathering from acidic igneous rocks such as granite, gneiss, or other
igneous rock containing the main mineral is quartz. The result of this weathering then
undergo a process of sedimentation, carried away by water or wind then deposited on
the banks of rivers, lakes, or beaches. In nature, quartz sand is found with grain size,
starting with a fine fraction (<0.06 mm) to (>2 mm). For manufacturing mortar in this
study used sand quartz that passes the 0.3 sieve and is retained in the 0.15 sieve.

2.5 Water

Water is required for manufacture concrete to trigger the chemical process of cement,
wets the aggregate and gives convenience in concrete work. Water which can be drunk
generally can used as a concrete mix. Water which contains compounds which
dangerous, contaminated with salt, oil, sugar, or other chemicals, if used in the concrete
mix will reduce quality of concrete, it can even change properties of the resulting
concrete (Mulyono, 2004).

2.6 Water Cement Factor (FAS)

It is generally known that the higher the value of the water-cement factor (FAS), the
lower the strength of the concrete. However, the increasing FAS value low does not
always mean that strength concrete is higher. The FAS value low causes difficulty in
workmanship, namely difficulties in implementation of compaction which in the end
will cause the quality of the concrete to decrease.

2.7 Strong Press Red Brick

The compressive strength of the red brick is maximum compressive strength of red
brick per unit surface area loaded. Strong pressure can also be defined as power material
resistant to styles that work parallel or perpendicular, which compressive nature. In
calculating strong press bricks:

W
C= … … … … … … . . (2)
A

Where C is the compressive strength (Kg/cm2 ), W is the maximum load (Kg) and A is
the average area of the sample tested (cm2).

2.8 SNI 15-2094-2000

In SNI 15-2094-200 regarding “Solid Red Brick for Couples Wall”, set regarding the
method red brick compressive strength test. On this experiment a brick with size 22.5
cm x 10.5 cm x 4 cm cut into two parts then in the middle mortar with a thickness of 6
mm. For the process of testing the test object pressed with a press machine until crushed
with pressing speed until the same with 2 Kg/cm2 /second. The compressive strength of
a .The test object is obtained from the quotient of the compressive load the highest and
the smallest compression area. Strong the average compressive strength is the sum of
the compressive strengths all the test objects divided by the number test object.
2.9 ASTM C67

The compressive strength of bricks is strength Maximum press of bricks per unit area
loaded surface. Strong standard hit the bricks required by ASTM C 67-03 is 10.40 MPa.
For the ASTM C67 method the test object is pressed at speeds up to 907.125 kg/minute.
Equation used in calculate the compressive strength of bricks:

W
C= … … … … … … . (3)
A

Where C is the compressive strength (Kg/cm2 ), W is the maximum load (Kg) and A is
the average area of the sample which tested (cm2).
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Time and Place of Testing.

This test was carried out on March 28 to April 1 at the Materials Testing Laboratory of
the Civil Engineering Department, Padang State Polytechnic.

3.2 Testing Tools and Materials.

1. Tool

a. 15 x 15 x 15 cm cup, made of white steel with a flat bottom surface

b. Ruler / caliper

c. Measuring cup

d. Stationery, observation form and calculation tools

2. Material

a. 5 pieces of red bricks are taken randomly

b. Clean water

3.3 Work Safety

The work safety of this red brick compressive strength test includes several things,
namely:

1. Human

a. Use a practical lab coat

b. Wear gloves when performing the test.

c. Have a good understanding of the practical implementation procedures

2. Equipment

a. Check the equipment both before and after the practicum is done.

b. Make sure all machine tools are turned off when the test is finished.

c. Clean the equipment after use

 3. Material

a. Make sure the brick to be tested has met the specified requirements.

b. If the test object is not going to be used yet, place it in a place that does not
interfere with other practicum and is easily accessible when the test will be carried out

3.4 Implementation Procedure

1. Prepare all equipment and materials used.

2. Assemble the brick mold, then grease it with oil so that when opening the mold,
the cement and brick do not stick to the mold.

3. Take the red bricks that have been cut on the long side into 2 (two) equal parts,
from the results of the inspection the red bricks look outside (brick color inspection)

4. Putting the two pieces into the mold, the distance between the mold plane and the
red brick plane and between the bricks and other bricks is given a clearance (space
between) as thick as 6 (six) mm.

Like the following picture:

Plywood board with a

Brick thickness of 0.6 cm

Top view

Side view
 5. Fill the tare space with the mortar of the species 1: 3 and 1:4 (species can be made
manually or with the help of a mixer), until the mixture is solid and covers the entire
surface of the vertical red bricks. Before the tare room is filled with the specific
mixture, first the bulkheads are lifted out.

6. Let stand for ± 1 day, then the test object is removed from the mold.

7. Immerse the test object in clean water in the curing tank for 24 hours, ± 1 day.

8. Lift the test object from the bund tank and wipe the areas with a cloth to remove
excess water.

9. Pressing the test object with a pressing machine until it reaches its maximum
strength. The pressing speed is set equal to 2 Kg/cm/s.

10. Perform data processing.

 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS

From the experiments that have been carried out, the data obtained are as follows:

• Sample 1 ( 1:3)

a. Length = 14 cm

b. Width = 10.8 cm

c. Crushed load = 1619.91 Kg

Area of compression area = P x L

Area of compression = 14 cm x 10.8 cm

Area of compression = 151.20 cm2

P
The compressive strength of the test object = kg /cm ²
A

1619,91 kg
The compressive strength of the test object =
151,20 cm²

Compressive strength of the test object = 10.71 Kg/cm2

• Sample 2 ( 1:3)

a. Length = 11.9 cm

b. Width = 10.7 cm

c. Crushed load = 1301.76 Kg

Area of compression area = P x L

Area of compression = 11.9 cm x 10.7 cm

Area of compression = 127.33 cm2

P
The compressive strength of the test object = kg /cm ²
A
 1301,76 kg
The compressive strength of the test object =
127,33 cm²

Compressive strength of the test object = 10.22 Kg/cm2

• Sample 3 (1:3)

a. Length = 11.6 cm

b. Width = 11.2 cm

c. Crushed load = 2728.13 Kg

Area of compression area = P x L

Area of compression area = 11.6 cm x 11.2 cm

Area of compression = 129.92 cm2

P
The compressive strength of the test object = kg /cm ²
A

2728,13 kg
The compressive strength of the test object =
129,92cm ²

Compressive strength of the test object = 20.99 Kg/cm2

• Sample 4 (1:3)

a. Length = 11.4cm

b. Width = 11.6 cm

c. Crushed load = 1425.71 Kg

Area of compression area = P x L

Area of compression = 11.4 cm x 11.6 cm

Area of compression = 132.24 cm2

P
The compressive strength of the test object = kg /cm ²
A

1425,71 kg
The compressive strength of the test object =
132,24 cm ²
Compressive strength of the test object = 10.78 Kg/cm2

10,71+10,22+20,99+10,78
Average compressive strength = ( Kg / cm2 )
4

Average compressive strength = 13.175 Kg/cm2

Coefficient of Variation = 25%

Compressive Strength of Bricks = 13.175 Kg/cm2

Maximum Compressive Strength = 16,46875 Kg/cm2

Standard Deviation = 4.489

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusion

From the data processing that has been carried out, the average compressive
strength value of red bricks produced in the Subdistrict ofgantiang, Bukittinggi
City is 13.175 Kg / cm2. Thus, according to Indonesian standards, the
compressive strength of the red bricks tested is classified as class 25 or class I.

B. Recommendations

Based on the research that has been done, it is possible for errors to occur both from
testing and data collection. For this reason, several suggestions are made for
improvement, including:

1. In making the test object, it is better to use a tool so that the difference in the size
of each test object is not too far away, so as to minimize errors in the test.

2. In the process of loading the speed of suppression of the load needs to be

considered because there are provisions for the speed of loading every second.
 CHAPTER VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous. 1986. NI-10 concerning Red Brick as a Building Material. Jakarta :

Indonesian Normalization Fund Foundation.

ASTM International (An American National Standard). 2002. ASTM – C67 – 02c
Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay
Tile. West Conshohoken, PA 19428 – 2959, United States.

National Standardization Body. 2000. SNI 15-2094-2000 concerning Solid Red Brick
for Wall Pairs. Jakarta: National Standardization Agency.

National Standardization Body. 2002. SNI – 03 – 2847 – 2002 concerning Procedures

for Calculation of Concrete Structures for Buildings. Jakarta: National
Standardization Agency.

National Standardization Body. 2002. SNI – 03 – 6882 – 2002 concerning Mortar

Specifications for Spouse Work. Jakarta: National Standardization Agency.

Basoenondo, E.A. 2008. Lateral Load response of Cikarang Brick Structures – An

Experimental Study. Dissertation is not published.

Wisnumurti, Soehardjono .A. , & Palupi K.A. 2007. Optimization of the Use of Mixed
Mortar Composition Against the Compressive Strength of Red Brick Walls.
Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 1, No 1-2007.