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Stoichiometry 1
Matter
Anything that ocCupies Space anol has Some mas:

Matter

Pyre Substa nces ixtures

FElements HomogenouS=
Compaunds mixtures

Hetetogenaus
mixture

Elements
hose_pure Substances uhich are made up ot one
type ynatter 1t Cant be boken dotuh into mofe
Simpler Substance8

Compounds -
Compounds are hase Kinds_ot puve Substanes whith.
has man Kinds t atoms
is made up ot more fhan_ane element, in a

fixed proparfion

Aton-
he Smallest entity ot a Substance, which Canhot
b e divided further
moyo may noteyist independently
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Molecule--
T is he Smallest entity o1 a Subs tante_which can.
exst independently.

HHomicit
The number ot atoms in a molecule of_an
element
Homogenous ixtore-
he ComponentSin his tpe ot nixtures_are
unito throughout,

Hefe rogehavs mixture=

The substancesmight no be ih a tixLd propa/fian
and datributed on unifurmly

SOME IMPORTANT DEFINIT1oNS

ORelative Htomic Mass-
(RAM)
RAM Mass one atovn ot the element
MasS of one atom of G12 atam
i s a n uniilesg Yatio

NSojope
Elements having Same atomic_number and diff mass numbea-

Atomic Mass-(A)
Massotone atomot an element
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ATOM Nucleus t
ElectronsS
profons eterrons
neutvons

Collectively Called as NucleonA.

mP _m N :160xl0-2,
maa(proten) mak (neuthon

AM of 0 Mas8a protons 8 neujrona)

ass of 16 neucleons
6 hass 1chhucleons
16x 1.66 x10*
25.56 yl0-21

Atomic Mass Unit

a mu

Onit of mass
1 amu 1.66 x 10
amy 1 Da
Dalton
unitied masS

AMaf0 l6amu
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Kelative Ahomic Mass

(RAm)

RAM2AMof the_element
A of the C2 idotope

AM= No_ nucleus x 1amv

RAM No o nucleus 1omu

2 y 1 amv

RAME No. dt nvcdeus.

Male-
mole is the amouni of a svbstance which
isequalto the number of C-12 atoms
pre seni in 12g of C-12 isatepe
(first dletined)
NOTE 1 mole of atoms = 1 gram- qfoms.
1 mole t molec.ules=1 gram-malecules

1 mole 6.0 23 x 10 entidies.

6023 10*5 atomg1 male of atoms 1gram-a7Da

6-623 xlo moletulo) 1 male of molecules1aram- moleula
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6CaTamHomic Mass-

Mass of 1 gram- atums (1 mole of atbns

.Mass of 6.023x 102 atoms

AMaf 0 Mass of1 atom of oxygen

16amU

GAM ot 0 : Mass of 1 male af atoms

Mass of 1 abm 6-023 105
6 amu 6.023 0
6 66 16)x_.023 y 10o*

165 Mass f 6.023x 10 atamS

of axyaen-

Molecular Mass- (Mm)

|Mass ot malecole of aSubstance.

MM O2 Ho H,SOy
2 16amu 241amu + 1 l6amu 2x 1am + 132amu
32amU 13 amu + 6 amv
8 amu
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8Caram-Dalecular la3s-(6mm)

Mass of 1 gram- malecules

ass f 1male of molecules
ass of 6x0:23 x l023 molecules.

H20 H,sOy
Gm/21 16 21 1x16g|2x1 1x324 1 4xlóg

Hverage omic 1ass-

Chlovine

escentage 3 C
Abundance 15 257

Average atomic mass ot Chlorine <M

3515+ 367x 25

35.5 amu.

LWeighted mean of the

atornic mass ot ditff
isofopes present in the nature
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Element 'A

Sotope abundante
M
M2
M3 3

M
00
M,
Ava Atomic Mass

Qwhat ill be he mass of 1 moletule of CaCl2

ingrams 7
RAP
Ca:40
1 0 gmu t 2x 35.5 gmu Cl 35.5

111 gmu

111 amu
111x 166 )0**q

18 x J63
121y10
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QIF he massot a Sample of Na, SO4s 7.1g

then show many moletules of NazSo4 must
be present in the Sample7
RAM
Na- 23
2x Na 1x S e4xO S 32
2x23 1x32 4 4x/6
O-16
142g

ho les_a mole culeg hass Sample

am mn

7 .02 malesof
42
mdlecule

#GAM massoTAtoms_
XGAM
aMoLES
NA
Number
x NA
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PERCENTAGE CoM Pasi7iaN

H,O

Compos; fion 2x 1amy y00

a Hydtogen 18 amu
11.11/

Campsidion
amu

NHg
Comp oSidien amu y_607
|f N 17 amu

22.36

7 CompsS3l h
f H 3ylamu lo7
Tamw
17.65/

HSO4
7 ompssition 22 4mu 07:_ 2.0 97:

Cwmpoitin
S yl00 32.65

pofent 0 4X,ls o_ _ 65.307-

48
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Malecdar formula-
11tell s us he exact numbey L afom oT Constitvent
elements present in 1 molecule of a u b Stance

Eg Jater H,0 lucose Cg O

Empherical ormula-
tells vS the relative number of qtoms e7 c.onst tuent
elements_present in_1 molecule o Substance
Gltose C6H, O
Dalacular Pass = n
kmpherital Mas exacd no C
t aumd
6
(EFMF Relative he.
f atms 1 2 1
Gucose
M.FC Hp0 E.F CH, 6
Moleula Mats : 100amu Cmpherics Mars 30abal-
MM 130 (6 =n
EM 30

(CH0) (CH,0) L HO
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Q O Oxides of me tal Contain 307

a and 27.67
ai 0Xgen respectively T the formula of the first oxide
iS M, O3find the formula of second oxide.

Fics Oxide: nO2

e the mak of metal M be X amu
Molecwlar has of ev ist oxide- (2+ 316) am
243)amu
L00 30/
2 +18

800 _ 602 t 140

4800 -jere 440
60

Element 7ComPoSifion Ahni Relatiu Ng

Moss o1 adbn

Metal m) 72.4 56 724-J.293

6

27.6 16 276 725

l6

Simpleht Ratio Sinplut Lhele N.Ratia

1.293 1
1.243

OxR 1.75 1335

1.213

MO
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Find he ompherical formula in he )luing Case-

a) N 11.387
H 4.067
7C 58.53
0 :20.017

bleneut Lonpasition HmicBelatve No

Pass of Atoms Simplest
Katio
N I 38
14 138-6812 6 R12-1
0-312

H 4.06 1 4.064.006 G.66 5

0 812

C 58 53 2 5353 4.877 1.877

2
0 312

O 26-01 16 26.61
6
1626 626 2
0.3/2

Kelative na- oatums= Relafive

_mall
Relatiue qdumic mas-
CHs No
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b H137
C52.2/
70 3937

Element LComposition Reladiveno SimplatRatio

ofatoms

13 13 6
217

52.2 52.2 4.35

2 17S
2
2

34.8 34.8 2.115

16 2.17S

CH
ACompound of C, H_& N antain the 3 elcmentsinhe
ratie : 1:3.5 b mos: lakculate_emphehical faxmla
Tf molewlar nals of thecampoundis le 0lglhnale
uhat s mleculer srnmula?

Kelatve Mabs C H: N 7 9 : 1 3.5

3
Relatuo No ao C: H:N

3: 4:1

_ Moleculay MaM JOq 2

prenical Mabs 519