O3

BASIC CONCEPTS OF
CH EMISTRY :
wluch take rart n
nant of moctter ci may net enust
Aloms- mallest Yeactiena.
chemical dt may
quyes have free eutevce :
independuntly lo, Ne, Ar Xe, Ru)
same atomie
3atoea- Ato wno of Aame element havng
netron
bul dteaen mas no. Cie, oifferent ne
37
and aNe

NGte: Mass umlher is teno oh protonst no oh neutrens

Atoie mas
all ustoyes of te elenl
.". Mau no. is ALWAYS A. WHOLE NUMBER. t
Afomie mas ma have deeimal walue
lenent utance weich b made gideñlcal atoma
conlinaten
tonpsund-dubtonce made byatem, se more
na fned ratie.
han ame tye oß in
( be, Bue elemenl)

Malecule - dt is a grsup of wmere than sne ato (of toame

or dsßeout type) and can ezut nderendertly
HoMo-
A melicule lhas dtferent
HETERO-Hhn ndiidual eliment.
pay &
chewnical ropert
atonic atoie

,, N, H,o, CH, NH,, NOTE : towie omhords do NoT

e l as welecules, vateer as iens
ete a e nel
eg:, Caco,, NaCl ele
milucules , but Tather a r
aggnegale (colecis tve & ve iona
atom
Reprvsenting Hx wene Ais wass no., Zu ato mi
elec

of wucle6w (i-e, bm of no sh ootonss neulro)

(+lanuma
Jayant)

MoLE
CONCEPT
 IDEA OF MOLE

ahfesenta aa vale
N&e a mnea eatPefiesented of
by NA.
602 xto23 t
Avoqocdhe Nuwnben)
No. of aulances
No. mols NA famo
in 12 ram
g
Fhe vo. atsns reset
to
Can ato m
Male iu wed
Atowic ms
Mats of 1 mel tou is called atonic was.
No- ed meles s o aultamce
Atomio mas

R)caleulote he mau of 12 atoms ot magneium

Aowie
Ms
12 atoms is 24 x12
Mas NA

3
NA 1am

6atow 3
NA

’ For NA atows

2
&3) mas ot Gatoms K is
an elenent K
NA
na, callulate vo. 6 atoms
X,

6 lons
NA

Cx NA

36 NA

Mass
No. moles =
At. mNs

24
Af. mOs
No
Ato, NoNo - 6 motes NA
No D5 mles NA
22
At ma
 /Mslar m
ma:
Moleeulan Ma mnlay
1 wmsl molecule is calledl ils
Mass of mas 6) sstance
No. males Mela mas

mals C0, ut n
e ) laleulate nmben
8

:No 6h melecules - 2NA moleeles

Cato mw 2 NA atom
t NA atoma
No

Rs) laleulate numbe af outgen

5409 4ucee (coHie O)
o)
-’ Go NA atoms

==18 NA to m

549

NO
-3NA

(3x6DNA
No6f eygeu atemg ta =(8 NA
Q.6) fue the mass of ony9en preseut in Mas
3.G mol watin(, o) )

4utmal wat, wmas em4gem -16 4

5t.6 q
2(6
e. of otem iu sS8.s 36K
Q )taleulate (2022 Malu)
SS.8S
atoms
NA alos

= lo NA Ctom

Na 2"lo23
(2021 Maun
G.02 xto23
n 23 q Na 6.02 *o23
Na
23

23

8
23

No toy : 23
8 X NA
 x602x(o23
No atama 23

calein is 120 POu)

. find
mas

Ca
Mass Ca (204
for

3 mol alen is resemt the molecule

Ca, ou)
-fot ot ta,to,
3

Q.10) lew may males 9 Mg.o), wil cetain

0. 25 mal say gen alom ? (2008 wmaim
4u 1 mole 88 wal
mol ysen olom

-24
melecule
Q11) Swmal
10 mal
vnass 123 4
has mas So0 (30ains)
Swel ’1504

1009-C mol B2

204

10

(No. nmsles =
MethodI: 5 At.mass
A+26
c+)

l0 300
24+2 B

. 2A+2B= 30 c)
 Caleulate the votis of
&.12) Caleulat
atom in l6g oyne (O y ,
28

lms1

NA

=2 t l6
lo, t mas
28

28
Nooratems|L NA
At. mos 32

324-> 1 mol

F;NA
atom
1AA:
3

2:6:3
3
7.4.23

ATOMS, MOLECULES IN A
CALCULATIO N Of
GTV EN SAMPLE -
(litay Methol)

Mas n 4rams)oh ren anle

Nalar movs

dozen e- C-C- C-c-H

imlanby. 2vmel cG Hip O, men

12 ma Cot m
H ao ms
l2 ma

the mtl 6} each atom mreeit n the elecle.

(multi pey !)
MAlr mous

moles
-0.2 moles
2>N S ydrigen atow 2x0"2 olato (
O. 4 NA
 13

E.2) 6. 8 4 4
(2x12 t
Nolar mass =|44 + 22+ 176

Gunen, mass
No )

For earln lom, O02x|2 mel

No - 002 r22

No. ey gen alo ms

x NA
&neans
:NA= 6.02 x1o3
23
.022x NA =0-22x6-02 xloS 12
|20
23 atos ·32

Q.3) h 169 onygcwis to hrent in a glucee

ouwnple, hyrogen
Mólar mos
>l6a-NA atoms
Na
 AND
loUNTING ELECTRONS, PROZO PROTONS
MOLECULES
NEUTRONS IN AToMS /1ONS/

netrens and e electres. ere,

n

A: ntp
23
mers
12

12

a,eharged puiticle frmed

"Na mens 'Na Nat t e

:. 2 mol Na ons have 2r020 mal ellctons

by les o1 gan of elocrons.

An /bn i for med
Ute

n= 13 n 18

27
13
A As
e-p=13 þ=L3
 we reent in Po,
8.lew may electrows are
(6
Thwre is 1P, 4O, 3e
3e
< eleros- s + (4* 8)+3
Total no.
=50 eleros t s

a.) Caleulatt woa eletes aud weutrons w

1 Pi2

atom e 12, n= 12
=
12 losen 44
n (22 dozen 1u4

t2

(0 n>12 mo
1 met Ma i0n, e
(Omol n 12 mel

tindng
Stepi: alar mos 12 t4
Mas gwen metha

S47 C, , n= e

H,e 1,n=O here 1 weleule metuan

sn dmaecule,Tte e = 10 6+4a)
ol mel CHy e- 4mel,

n l As

&3) 2.S mel S0, kiud no. Sh eliclros. Given

1 S, e= l6. n 2 9, e = 8+=16
dn

16+ 8 XÉ2 32
=32
én 1 S0, meocnle, teene are B2e 6 yX
1 mel ’32 wmal electros 80.0
2-S melg0 mel eltrons
=80 NA electrons
 tr !
Male has tther nane Male
NoTE: qram malecule
Mole - qran aom

Weos 2:S me ygen atom

Meas
aygen ato m

bRIDGE cOOKSE QUESTiONS (4 44)

SECTION-I

&) 10,00, 000 ees nhen n 1 6 (7wen

to6b023 xIo3
G023r023 ent in
,I7
6023x I0'
17
6.023 x Io 36)6o 2
-36
3600 242
1.90 -216
8760) )6700 6023x l000x O 26
"8760
7940o 3600
-788 4O
S600O -2

36

730
24 x 65
16
yeayrs )
 cantons 23 g-otoms o onygen.
Oi3
at

Afmic Mas llnit

1000)

qramm NA th part
23
6 -02 xI0

Proton (opforox)
1 nelren
z1 Hratm (1 pt le)
neg'igi ble mass.
m, =9.1x lo-3]
-2f
myl· 67x10
my=|674&xlo27

mp|936 ma
m, me

Ln ter ms 5 l-12 atbm, lamu is

12
 23
C-alm 12 am. u
Now, wmos 6 1
212{%, gr)
Man ol 1 mel C-atem N x MasO} 1 C-oto m
x 12 giam

Molan mans atons is

mo
(

> rygen atom weshs l6tms at

heavier an 2h pat 6 (-12
&)find. teu wasof e follaving:
la
) to tom of Ca

Ca

t67 y
27
102 ka)
(or, =4o0 x

,100 mells I800 a m:u

1 woecule Ca Co,’ 4o +12t 8

2) wich o the toleing hs qreat

i) 1490-ntim
moleule
(64 ->
NA aloms

32
NA x 2
Na
22

Na atoww ory8en.

Q.2) AME QVES AS (2)

I wmol oNyGeu atom
i) 1gmaton trygen =NA en atoms
i) ammalcle ygen 1 mol
= 2Nn Grygen ato ms
1 maleeule
3Na ygen aomo
hiud feeent
 4r8
no h elecron l6+
+

-50 e

50xNh e
2 9.6rsoxNa
= 480 Na elecrons
Now, mas S So, 22+ rl6

NA 10s

-SN, cltron
 glucee caulains B.2 mg
s) f a Aampe of

iv) Mas h H
V) No 6 C-alom
Mass
32
32

Molay mas
0"2
O atom = xNA
|00O

atomo 02

32 NA
1000 9 X
-2x10" Na atom

(Asumig qlucose is
male, tthei yogeu is ox

N
3
 72+ |2+ 96

1 malecle
Molecules
weg
10 NA
3
Go x10
3
(i)

e 12 a Wu.
( sn qlucase mslecule, 6c)
’Ge72
24

3
-4

-2
from i),
-4

(sn C, H,, O,, here are 12H

mÑlecule)
10 12 H
3 wmot
from ci)

3
( 2 X |0 - 4 mol
L
 Cy drayine) coutainu
tind na 6 N, Hy malrcules.
5-69 nrogen,
(ii) mass
( No
l44 N> lml Nitrogen

aloo

2 N, make 4 molecle Ny Hy
’0:t m N make o-2 mol y HH Ans
l,o2x Na
Now, mela maus QN, Hy 28t 4
32
’ 0:2 wms) Hy weighs 32x 02 4

Gn o2 wol N Hu here
0 mol HI
A
4deal
nKT<
gas
lruure Volume te wmperoure
gas (in K)
(LS
(atm) lniyeral
qou co wtanl

(: 0.0821 L atm m6"K)

 31

CoURSE QUESTIONS (1 to 2o)

BRIDGE

F 2408 x Lo3 tos (D)

23

there are 2 mól wno lcules

=2x4 mo) Na atoms

8ro02x10'3 dare)

i3(D) c t a n the dae no.

I4. Malar mas lal, 4o+ 2x3ss

= 4ot71
=1114
Cal, macules
Pt2

A (A) N,.2N

22.4x0S
1:2L t NI