Dạng 1: Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử của đa thức

Cách làm
Bước 1: Nhóm các đơn thức đồng dạng
Bước 2: Cộng, trừ các đơn thức đồng dạng
Bước 3: Sắp xếp các hạng tử của đa thức theo lũy thừa tăng hoặc giảm của biến
Bài 1: Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử của đa thức theo lũy thừa giảm dần của biến
a. P(x) = x2 – x3 + 2x4 – 5x + 2x3 + 3x – x4 + 1
b. C(x) = x5 – x3 + 2x3 – 4 – 3x4 + 2x2 – x4 + 1
c. D(x) = x5 – 3x3 + 3x – 2x2 – x5 + x4 – 6x + 9 + 4x3
d. Q(x) = x7 – x6 + 2x3 – x7 – 2x4 + x6 + 2x5 – 2x + 10 + x4 – x6
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 Bài 2: Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử của đa thức theo lũy thừa tăng dần của biến
1 3
a. A(x) = x5 – x3 + 5x4 – x5 + 2x – x2 – x4 + x3 + 1
2 2
b. B(x) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 2x2 – 2019 – x
c. C(x) = 2x5 – x2 – 7x – 1 – 3x5 + 2x2 + 8x + 15
1
d. D(x) = x6 + 5x3 – x2 + 5x4 – 2x5 + 4x2 + 1 – x3
2
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 Dạng 2: Xác định bậc, hệ số của đa thức
Cách làm
- Bậc của đa thức một biến (đã thu gọn, khác 0) là số mũ lớn nhất của biến trong đa thức đó.
- Hệ số của lũy thừa bậc 0 của biến (không có biến) gọi là hệ số tự do, hệ số của lũy thừa
bậc cao nhất của biến gọi là hệ số cao nhất.

Bài 1: Xác định bậc và hệ số tự do, hệ số cao nhất của mỗi đa thức sau:
a. A(x) = 3x4 + 5x3 – 3x2 + x + 1
b. B(x) = x3 – 2x4 + x – 2x + 8
c. C(x) = 4x4 – x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 11
d. D(x) = x3 + 2x4 – x + 3x2 + 2019
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Bài 2: Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử của đa thức theo lũy thừa giảm dần của biến. Chỉ ra
hệ số cao nhất và hệ số tự do của mỗi đa thức đó.
1 3
a. P(x) = x5 – 3x2 + x4 – x – x5 + 5x4 + x2 – 1 + x
2 2
4 7
b. Q(x) = x5 – 4x4 – 3x – – 2x + 3x4 – x5 – 2x4 +
3 3
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Dạng 3: Tính giá trị của đa thức

Cách làm:
Bước 1: Thu gọn đa thức
Bước 2: Thay giá trị của biến vào đa thức rồi thực hiện các phép tính
Bài 1: Tính giá trị của đa thức Q(x) = x2 – 2x + x – 1 tại x = 1
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Bài 2: Cho đa thức: P(x) = x4 – 5x3 + 2x + 5 – 6x – x4 + 4x3 – 1

a. Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử theo lũy thừa giảm dần
b. Tính P(0), P(1), P(-3)
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Bài 3: Cho đa thức: P(x) = 5x3 + 2x4 – x2 + 5x2 – 6x4 – 2x3 + 2017 – x2
a. Thu gọn và sắp xếp các hạng tử theo lũy thừa giảm dần
b. Chỉ ra bậc của P(x)
c. Chỉ ra hệ số cao nhất và hệ số tự do
d. Tính P(0); P(1); P(-1)
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 Bài 4: Cho đa thức: P(x) = 8x3 + 3x2 – 7x + 6x4 – 6x4 + 5x – 5x3 – 18 – 3x3 – 3x2
a. Thu gọn P(x)
b. Tính P(0); P(2); P(-1)
c. Tính giá trị của x để P(x) = 0; P(x) = 2
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