LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES (MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER)
4 PHASES OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION
1. INITIAL INTERVIEW- The questions on this phase are
always answerable by “yes or no”, test questions are formulated
by the polygraph examiner based on the information obtained
by the investigator to his/her subject.
2. PRE-TEST INTERVIEW- Before the polygraph
examination, both the examiner and examinee must be
cognizant and conscious about what to be done during the
actual inquiry. (Informal Interview 20 to 30 mins)
3. ACTUAL EXAMINATION- The results of every
examination are based on the competence, knowledge, and
skills of the examiner as well as the condition of the subject and
the instrument or the machine to be used.
4. POST-TEST INTERROGATION- When the finding is not
convincing and it seems that there is still a need to include some
other elements, the examiner may opt to have this post-test
interrogation or examination.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
OF LYING
1. SWEATING- subject may experience this and be
accompanied with a flushed face indicating anger,
embarrassment or extreme nervousness.
2. COLOR CHANGE- subject may be seen face is flushed, it
may indicate anger, embarrassment, or shame.
3. DRYNESS OF THE MOUTH- subjects nervous tension
causes reflex and inhibition of salivary secretion and
consequently dryness of the mouth.
4. EXCESSIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ADAM’S APPLE- the
examiner may notice the subject of the dryness of the throat
(upward and downward movement of Adam’s apple.
5. FIDGETING- subject is constantly moving about the in the
chair puling his ears, rubbing his face, picking and tweaking the
nose.
6. PECULIAR FEELING INSIDE- subject will not be at ease
because there is a sensation of lightness of the head and the
subject is confused.
7. SWEARING TO THE TRUTHFULNESS OF HIS
ASSERTION- “believe me, I am telling the truth!” or “cross
my heart”
8. SPOTLESS RECORD- subject may not assert that it is not
possible for him to do “anything like that”
9. INABILITY TO LOOK AT THE INVESTIGATOR
“STRAIGHT IN THE EYE”- subject does not like to look at
the investigator for fear that his guilt may be seen in his eyes.
10. “NOT THAT I REMEMBER EXPRESSION- subject
will resort to the use of “Not That I Remember” or “Not I Do
Not Know”.
THE EXAMINATION ROOM
1. The room must be private and free from all outside noise and
detracting influences.
2. Adequately lightened and Well-Ventilated.
3. Devoid of pictures, decors, paintings and other ornaments.
4. Preferably sound proof.
5. Without any furniture other than a polygraph’s desk and
chair.
6. Subject’s chair with an armrest and an examiner’s stool.
7. With a one-way mirror and remote sound system for
monitoring the test proceedings to an authorized audience.
LIMITATIONS AND PRINCIPAL USES
POLYGRAPH
1. It is an invaluable investigation aid, but never a substitute for
investigation.
2. It is a lie detector; it is not a scientific diagnostic instrument.
3. It does not determine facts, it records responses to that
which the subject knows to be true.
4. It is only as accurate as the examiner is competent.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A POLYGRAPH EXAMINER.
1. HIS SUBJECT- Fairness, impartiality and objectivity.
2. HIS ORGANIZATION- Faith and Loyalty.
3. HIMSELF AND OTHERS- Always Objectivity over
Subjectivity.
RIGHTS OF A POLYGRAPH SUBJECT
1. The right to be examined by a qualified polygraph expert or
operator. (Psychophysiologist)
2. The right to be determined fit for examination.
3. The right to be informed of the reason for the lie detector
test.
4. The right to have an explanation of the lie detector
instrument and what it does.
5. The right to consent to a lie-detector test.
6. He must not be compelled to undergo prolonged
OF
questioning.
7. Must not be exposed to oral vilification or abuse.
8. Must not be exposed to physical abuse.
9. The right to refuse to submit a lie-detector test.
10. Must not be exposed to mental or psychological abuse.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
1. PREVARICATION- It is a type of deception in the form of
an untruthful statements to deceive, with further intention to
maintain a secret or reputation to protect someone’s feeling
from getting hurt, or to avoid punishment
• In layman’s word, Lie is also called “Prevarication”
• It is an act of giving malicious and nasty statement.
 • It may come as an untruthful confession during the
conversation.
2. TECHNICALLY- He must have knowledge of the
instrument and its capabilities and limitations.
3. MORALLY- He must maintain high personal integrity and
increase personal proficiency through constant study and
research.
• He is an impartial seeker of truth
• He constantly bears in mind his primary obligation to
his subject which is to afford them all possible
safeguards against error and must not accept any subject
whose physical or mental health or state makes him
unfit.
• Never allows his personal feelings, sympathies, or
prejudices to influence the results of the examination.

THE POLYGRAPH COMPONENT ATTACHMENT AND WHERE TO ATTACH:

1. PNEUMO 1- To be placed at the abdomen.

2. PNEUMO 2- To be attached at the chest/thoracic.
3. GALVANO/GALVANOMETER- Is attached at the index and ring fingers on the left hand.
4. CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH- BP cuff to be fastened on the right hand of the subject.