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T
he Ba\1( U /
nt1 or 111 , / ( ,

f-ien'lbrane Covering the Cell "' ~ >

, Cha,.... _
-__,,.. · · rlstlc Features
.... ..- • Semi-trans .
...... wall structure membrane
parent m
embrane surround·
cell
Cell wall • It is multicellul ing the plasma
p1asmodesma 1 p. ar usual! h .
2· r_,mary cell Wall y av,ng three layers
. Middle lamella
Cytoplasm
• ~ ro! e~ond~ry cell Wall
e middle lamella
Vacuole connect one cell t ' plasmodesmata .
0 another arise which

cell wall Functions:

• Provides a framework to th
• Provides d fi . e cell
e nite shape to th
• Gives ri g'd'ty e cells
plants ' I and support to the tissues in
• Gives me h ·
c anical strength to the II
• Helps in balanci ng d . . _ ce
pressure an maintaining osmotic

• Prevents bursting of cells

• Protects protoplasm against infections
• HI elps _i n the transport of water and minerals over
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Transport of Substances through the Plasma Membrane

The passage of substances across the cell membrane takes place by three ways, wh'1Ch are liste d as £allows.
1. Passive transport
2. Active transport
3. Bulle transport
Passive Transport
Passive tr~nsport is a mode of transport that takes place without the expenditure 0£energy. It takes place by either diffusion
or osmosis.

Diffusion
Dilfusion is the process--in which movement of molecules takes place from higher to lower concentrations until thi
concentrations become equal. It is generally applicable to the movement of gaseous substances. With diffusion, the plan1
rake in carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. The taking in of oxygen int
the blood from lungs and the release of carbon dioxide from the lungs into the blood also take place by diffusion.

Osmosis is vital to many body processes, including the functioning of the kidney and the nerves.