Bio questions-

Do protons and neutrons and electrons all equal same number?

Only different in an isotope- neutrons?

Nuclear envelope- nucleus, nucleolus, nucleoid

Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain
----- A change in gene sequence can lead to a different amino acid being added to a polypeptide
chain instead of the normal one. This causes a change in protein structure and function. For
example, in sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin β chain has a single amino acid substitution.
Because of this change, the disc-shaped red blood cells assume a crescent shape, which can result
in serious health problems.

cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the

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basic unit of life, and that all new cells arise from existing cells.

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prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells by a factor of 100

Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane and have DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes,
like eukaryotic cells. They also have cell walls and may have a cell capsule. Prokaryotes have a
single large chromosome that is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotes may have
flagella or motility, pili for conjugation, and fimbriae for adhesion to surfaces.

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 Cytoskeleton- microfilaments

nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the
nucleus , Both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are phospholipid bilayers.

High energy bonds are w c-h, low energy bonds are w c-o why????
Use energy from bonds

Plasmodesmata (singular = plasmodesma) are junctions between plant cells, whereas animal
cell contacts include tight and gap junctions, and desmosomes.
WHAT IS THIS
tight junction is a watertight seal between two adjacent animal cell
Also found only in animal cells are desmosomes, which act like spot welds between adjacent
epithelial cells

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Gap junctions in animal cells are like plasmodesmata in plant cells in that they are channels

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between adjacent cells that allow for the transport of ions, nutrients, and other substances

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that enable cells to communicate

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Whole thing nucleus
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Nucleus is itty bitty ball in ball - ribosomes (go to ER or float)
Chromatin around that- dna with proteins
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TEST REVIEW
Independent- x axis can be changed
Nuclear membrane in all euk
Transmembrane protein-
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Cholesterol- retain flexibility

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Simple vs facilitated dif

Ribosomal subunits
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Plant sap- glucose

Vegatables- fructose
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Glogygen- liver
Phago vs pino
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OFFICE HRS
Tuesday 2-4:45
Th 10-2, 2-4:45

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