2022

PHOTOGRAPHY LAB
EXERCISE BOOK

Name:viplav bhatia
Enrolment No: 02117702421
 PHOTOGRAPHY LAB EXERCISE BOOK 2022

Acknowledgment
I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the people behind this report. I would like to
thank my Dean Prof. (Dr.) Charu Lata Singh and Chairperson, Prof. Sidharth Mishra, for
giving me the opportunity to work on this wonderful project. I would also like to express my
gratitude to faculty in charge Sunil Mishra sir, Assistant Professor, VSJMC, VIPS for his
constant guidance and support throughout this project. Finally, I would also like to thank
my college, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies which provided us with this
course and the platform to move ahead.

viplav bhatia
(Student’s Name)

Signature
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Certificate
This is to certify that the Still Photography Lab File is an academic work done by viplav
bhatia and is an authentic work carried out during the course of the second semester. It is
submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of BA(JMC) from
Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, Delhi. The matter embodied in this report
has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my
knowledge and belief.

Sunil Mishra Date: 15/07/2022

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Table of Contents

S.No
Particulars Page No.
.

1 Write about various Terminologies used in Photography

2 Basic Parts of DSLR Camera: Assignment 1

3 Compositions: Assignment 2 (Various Rules)

4 Aperture Effect: Assignment 3

5 Shutter Speed Effect: Assignment 4

6 Focal Length Effect: Assignment 5

7 Depth of Field: Assignment 6

Lighting (Single Point, Two Point & Three Point):

8
Assignment 7

Indoor/ Outdoor light, Light Painting, Silhouette:

9
Assignment 8

10 Photo-Feature/ Photo Story: Assignment 9

11 Photo with News Value, write photo caption also

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Introduction
 Aperture – the changeable lens hole where light enters to reach the
film or digital sensor F-stops are used to measure aperture. I like to
equate it to your pupil, which depending on the brightness of the room
opens and shuts to let more or less light into your eye.

 Depth of field (DOF or DoF) – the separation between the closest and

farthest in-focus elements in your scene.

 Exposure – the overall light that reaches the digital sensor Aperture,
shutter speed, and ISO all affect it.ISO – Represents the sensitivity of
your camera’s digital sensor to light.

 focal length  – The millimetres between the lens and the image it
creates on the film are referred to as the focal length.

 focus – The distant items will appear hazy when your eyes are focused
on a nearby one. Focus, a phrase used frequently in photography, has
the same definition.

 ISO – Represents the sensitivity of your camera’s digital sensor to light.

 noise – Noise, commonly referred to as grain, are merely tiny particles

in an image.

 The shutter speed– is the section of the camera's lens that opens and
shuts to let light in and snap pictures.

 Time lapse– is a video that is produced by combining many images of

the same subject shot at various periods.
 PHOTOGRAPHY LAB EXERCISE BOOK 2022

Write about various Terminologies used in photography :

 Aperture – the changeable lens hole where light enters to reach the
film or digital sensor F-stops are used to measure aperture. I like to
equate it to your pupil, which depending on the brightness of the room
opens and shuts to let more or less light into your eye.

 Exposure – the overall light that reaches the digital sensor Aperture,
shutter speed, and ISO all affect it.

 ISO – Represents the sensitivity of your camera’s digital sensor to light.

 Prime or fixed lens – any lens with a fixed focal length that doesn't
zoom, like a handy 50mm lens.

 Wide-angle lens – a lens with a larger field of view than a regular lens.
often ranges from more than 10mm to less than 50mm.

 Telephoto lens – provides a smaller field of view than a standard lens

(i.e., it takes more magnified images).

 Remote trigger or digital cable release – provides a smaller field of

view than a standard lens (i.e., it takes more magnified images).

 Macro lens – a lens that concentrates very closely on a subject,

allowing you to take incredibly detailed, enlarged pictures.

 “Normal” lens – In most cases, a 50mm lens (on a full-frame camera).

This lens closely resembles how the eye sees things.

 Tilt-shift lens – A special-effect lens. Allows for realignment of the

plane of focus (tilt).

 JPEG vs RAW – two distinct image file formats. JPEG and RAW
photos can be taken with the majority of cameras.

 F-stop – a measurement of the lens's aperture opening created by

dividing the lens's focal length by the aperture diameter.

 Exposure compensation – changing the shutter speed or aperture

from the recommended exposure of the camera to achieve a certain
result or fix exposure issues
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 DSLR – a single-lens reflex digital camera. any digital camera with

interchangeable lenses that captures an image straight through the lens
instead of requiring a mirror and prism to examine the image.

 Bracketing – Taking a series of images at different exposures.

 EV – Exposure value is a numerical representation of all possible

combinations of shutter speed and aperture that can produce the same
exposure effect.

 Main light or key light – the primary source of light for a picture. The
sun, a studio strobe, a flash, a reflector, or something else might be the
cause.

 Fill light – the backup light source for the main light. used as a "filler"
for the shadows.

 Lighting pattern – The way the face of the person is lit (e.g., at a 45-
degree angle).

 Speedlight – a compact, mobile flash that you can mount on the hot
shoe of your camera or use remote control activation to make stand
alone.

 Hard light – harsh or undiluted light, such as that emitted by on-camera

flash, a small speedlight, or intense sunlight.

 Soft light – Diffused light from a huge studio softbox, a north-facing

window without direct light, or a gloomy sky.

 Chimping – Slang for checking the camera's back after each picture.

 Depth of field (DOF or DoF) – the separation between the closest and

farthest in-focus elements in your scene.

 Shutter lag – when a camera moves and produces blur during an

exposure

 Camera shake – when a camera moves and produces blur during an

exposure

 ND filter – represents a neutral density filter. It is a filter made to go in

front of the lens in order to reduce the amount of light that reaches the
camera.
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 Panning – the practise of following a moving subject with the camera

while utilising a slow shutter speed.

 Spray and pray – Shoot as many pictures as you can while hoping for
a decent one.

 Blown out – a picture with blank spaces where there should be

features.

 Clipped – Either blown out regions (as in the image above) or deep,
shadowy sections.

 Grip-and-grin – a brief photo session at an occasion or a setting that

features two people shaking hands. At some point in their careers, the
majority of portrait and event photographers must take these photos.

 Selfie – a picture of oneself.

 SOOC – Straight out of camera; an image with no post-processing.

 Edge transfer – the speed at which shadow edges change from dark to
bright.

 Bokeh – the background of an image that is out of focus and blurry.

Bokeh typically appears when there are modest light sources in the
background.

 Gobo – something that prevents stray or unwanted light from shining on

the subject. A reflector's dark side is frequently utilised as a gobo.

 Scrim – a transparent object used to soften and spread the light

 Chromatic aberration – regions of photos where light and dark

contrast each other may exhibit colour fringing (e.g., the edge of a
building against the sky).

 Rear-curtain sync – At the conclusion of an exposure, the flash is fired

via rear-curtain sync.

 Panning – the practise of following a moving subject with the camera

while utilising a slow shutter speed.

 Photog – Short for “photographer.” Something pros often call each

other.

 Glass – A lens. What glass do you own, for example?

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 Golden hour – Known also as "magic hour." This is the period of time
just before and after dawn and sunset.

 Camera modes – Four typical camera modes are available. Without

human input, settings are chosen in auto mode.

 Subtractive lighting – reducing light to make something appear

darker.
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Basic Parts of DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) Camera

Assignment: Identify and label the basic parts of camera given below. Also write the
functions of these parts.

a. Lens b. Mode Dial c. Shutter release button d. Viewfinder e. Hot shoe

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Function:

a. Lens: The camera processes the collected image thanks to the lens's ability to let
light into the device and reach the sensor. While DSLRs come with a detachable
lens, more basic cameras feature a permanently fixed lens.
The types and focal lengths of lenses vary, from macro lenses, which can focus up close, to
long focal length lenses, which can capture distant scenes.

b. Mode Dial: You can set the camera to the preferred shooting mode
using the mode dial, such as shutter priority or aperture priority.
Additionally, there are manual and programme models.
The letters P, S, A, and M make each of the aforementioned modes easy
to recognise.

c. Program mode is essentially totally automatic, allowing you to choose

the aperture and shutter speed without having to make a choice.
In shutter priority, you must choose the shutter speed; otherwise, the
camera controls everything.

With aperture priority, the camera controls everything but the aperture,
which you choose manually.

You choose the aperture and shutter speed in manual mode.

d. Shutter Release Button: You can click this button to capture images.
The shutter will open and close in accordance with the shutter speed
you've selected after you hit the shutter release button, which sends a
signal to the shutter. Your sensor receives light, and after a minimal
amount of processing, the image is saved directly to the device's
memory card. You must choose either the shutter speed or the aperture
before pushing the shutter, depending on the effect you want to
achieve, unless you are shooting in completely automatic mode (more
on this later).
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e. View Finder: The viewfinder is easily recognised because it is the area

of the camera you use to compose your shot. Depending on the
camera, some use an LCD screen as a viewfinder while others use an
optical system.
The image stored on your memory card may differ somewhat from what
you see through the viewfinder due to a number of factors that can
influence how your photo turns out. As a result, you should consider it
more of a guide rather than a "preview" of your photo's final outcome.

f. Hot Shoe The majority of modern DSLR cameras feature a hotshoe. It

stands out as a metal bracket in the top part of your camera.
The camera can communicate with any external device, such a flash,
thanks to the sensors on the hotshoe. In the wake of pushing the shutter,
the camera will turn on these accessories.
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Compositions:

Composition in the visual arts is: the arrangement of elements and their relationship to
the background of an image.In a photography composition is simply the selection and
arrangement of subjects within the picture area. Main points for good Composition in still
photograph is:

 The Rule of Thirds

 Symmetry and Patterns
 Lines
 Balance
 Framing

Assignment: On the basis of above elements of compositions, Capture one photograph of

each element take the prints and paste them in the space provided.

1- The Rule of Thirds:

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2- Symmetry and Patterns

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3- Balance

4- Framing
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Aperture Effect:
An aperture is a hole or an opening through which light is admitted. The aperture (size of
the lens opening) controls the brightness of the light that reaches an image sensor.

Aperture settings are called f-stops and indicate the size of the aperture opening inside
the lens. Each f-stop lets in half as much light as the next larger opening and twice as
much light as the next smaller opening.

Assignment: Capture three photographs (correct, under and over exposure) on various
f-stops, take the prints and paste them in the space provided.

Focal length 24mm Shutter speed 1/50 Aperture 3.5 ISO 100
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Focal length 24mm Shutter speed 1/50 Aperture 11 ISO 100

Focal length 24mm Shutter speed 1/50 Aperture 1.8 ISO100

 PHOTOGRAPHY LAB EXERCISE BOOK 2022

Shutter Speed Effect

In photography, shutter speed is the time for which the shutter is held open during the
taking of a photograph to allow light to reach image sensor. These shutters move slow or
extremely fast, as per requirement of the situation.

These shutter speeds usually go up in the stages of 1 second, ½, 1/4 th, 1/8th, 1/15th, 1/30th,
1/60th, 1/125th, 1/250th, 1/500th, 1/1000th, 1/2000th, 1/4000th, 1/8000th of a second. The
relationship between aperture and shutter speed is vice versa.

Assignment: Capture three photographs of moving subject by changing the shutter

speed (Slow, medium & Fast), take the prints and paste them in the space provided.

Focal length 35mm Shutter speed 1/120 Aperture 3.5 ISO 400
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Focal length 35mm Shutter speed 1/100 Aperture 3.5 ISO 800
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Focal length 35mm Shutter speed 1/50 Aperture 2.8 ISO 800
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Focal Length:
The distance between the film and the optical center of the lens when the lens is focused
on infinity. The focal length of the lens on most adjustable cameras is marked in
millimeters on the lens mount.Focal length also controls magnification and also controls
angle of view.

Assignment: 5 Capture three photographs at normal, telephoto and wide angles

respectively by changing the focal length. Take the prints and paste them in the space
provided.

Focal length- 35 mm Shutter speed- 1/50 Aperture- f/1.8 ISO-100

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Focal length-24mm Shutter speed- 1/50 Aperture 1.8 ISO-100

Focal length-75mm Shutter speed- 1/50 Aperture-f/3.5 ISO-400

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Depth of Field:

The range of acceptable focus in a scene is called depth of field. DOF indicates that area,
which represents sharpness in the final picture. It is the distance between the nearest and
furthest point from the camera within which the subject is in focus.

Factors affecting depth of field

• Aperture- large apertures give shallow DOF while small apertures give greater

• Focal Length- the shorter the focal length, the greater DOF while longer focal length
show small DOF

• Distance b/w lens and subject- DOF is reduced at close focusing distance, and
increases as the point of focus moves further away from the camera.

Assignment

Capture three photographs on various factors that affect depth of field (aperture, focal
length & distance between lens and subject), take the prints and paste them in the space
provided.

Focal length-24mm Shutter speed -Aperture-f/1.8 ISO-100

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Lighting:
Light is the fundamental factor in photography. It is light that the photographers play with,
in its many moods and expressions that we capture on digital medium.

The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as
video, film, still photography and computer-generated imagery. This method creates a
nice balance and contrast between light and dark as well as also controls the shade and
shadows produced by direct lighting.

The goal of three point lighting is to create the illusion of a three-dimensional subject in a
two-dimensional image. The technique uses three lights called the key light, fill
light and back light.

Key Light

This is the main light. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of
the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the
other side has some shadow.

Fill Light

This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to
fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the
key.

Back Light

The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Its purpose is to
provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps separate
the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look.
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Assignment: Lighting (Indoor) Capture four photographs with key light, fill light, back
light and all three together respectively. Take out prints and paste them in the space
provided below.
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Assignment: Lighting (Outdoor)

Capture photographs with sun as key light, back light and Cross Light Left & Right)
respectively. Take out prints and paste them in the space provided below.
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Photo Feature/Photo Story:

Photography is a creative medium, man behind the camera always plays main role. So
while selecting subject for photo-feature, he/she must study all aspects of assignment and
take number of photographs related to the theme and finally select few good photographs
which will tell the story.

Make thematic photo coverage on a topic of your choice and include around ten
photographs related to the theme along with appropriate text.

Assignment: Capture 8-10 photographs to create a photo feature on any

Social/Cultural/Developmental topic assigned by the faculty. Take out the prints and paste
them in the space provided below. Write the title in the space provided and caption all
photographs. Also create a audio-visual presentation of these photographs.
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Link of Assignments