LEVER

ELEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY : GANGA PRASANTHAN BFT/20/1325

ANARGHA DHARMARAJ
KIRTI PATEL BFT/20/1194
YUVA DHARSHINI SR BFT/20/1332
LEVER
● Lever are simple machines used to
obtain a mechanical advantages.
● A rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to
move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one
end when pressure is applied to the other.
 HISTORY OF LEVER
The lever was first described in about 260 BC by the
ancient Greek Mathematician Archimedes.

KIRTI PATEL
 LAW OF LEVER

When applied to the “lever“, that is, to a rigid

rod pivoted on a fulcrum, this is to state that
the lever is in equilibrium if the weights put on
it are reciprocally proportional to their
distances to the fulcrum.
 COMPOUND LEVER
● The compound lever is a simple machine operating
on the premise that the resistance from one
lever in a system of levers acts as effort for
the next, and thus the applied force is
transferred from one lever to the next
● Almost all scales use some sort of compound
lever to work.
● EXAMPLE:
1.Nail clippers &
2.piano keys
YUVA DHARSHINI SR
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
In machines that transmit only
mechanical energy, the ratio of the
force exerted by the machine to the
force applied to the machine is
known as mechanical advantage. Under
mechanical advantage the distance
the load will be moved will be only
be a fraction of the distance
through which the effort is applied.
While machines can provide a
mechanical advantage of greater than
1.0 (and even less than 1.0 if
desired), no machine can never do
more mechanical work than the
mechanical work put into it.
Ideal Mechanical Advantage(IMA)
IMA= Length of effort arm
Length of load arm
Efficiency. The efficiency of a
machine is the ratio between the
work it supplies and the work put
into it. Although friction can be
decreased by oiling any sliding or
rotating parts, all machines
produce some friction. A lever has
a high efficiency due to the fact
that it has low internal
resistance. The work it puts out is
almost equal to the work it
receives, because energy used up by
friction is quite small. On the
other hand, an a pulley might be
relatively inefficient due to a
considerably greater amount of
internal friction. Simple machines
always have efficiencies of less
than 1.0 due to internal friction.
CLASSIFICATION OF LEVER Class 1 lever
Levers are classified according to the
built for
location of effort force , resistance equilibrium, class
force & fulcrum.
• Fulcrum : a fixed point where the bar 2 lever for saving
rotates on
• A resistance force : resulted from effort and class 3
the weight of the body we want to lever for speed
move
• An effort force : exerted by a and range of
person to equilibrate the resistance
movement.
1. First Class Lever
2. Second Class Lever
3. Third Class Lever
FIRST CLASS LEVER
This is a type of lever which has the fulcrum in between the effort and
the output force applied. Its order is represented as
force-fulcrum-weight. This is the most basic type of lever. .. First
class levers are very useful for lifting large loads with little
effort.

If the fulcrum is closer to the load, then less effort is needed to

move the load a shorter distance. If the fulcrum is closer to the
effort, then more effort is needed to move the load a greater
distance..

In summary, in a first class lever

the effort (force) moves over a
large distance to move the load a
smaller distance, and the fulcrum
is between the effort (force) and
the load. As the ratio of effort
(force) arm length to load arm
length increases the mechanical
advantage of a first class lever
increases.
EXAMPLES OF FIRST CLASS LEVER
Other examples of first
The claw end of a hammer, When pulling a nail,
the nail is the Load, the Fulcrum is the head of the class levers are pliers ,
hammer, and the Force or effort is at the other end Seesaw , a crow bar and a
of the handle, which is the Beam. The Load (nail)
weighing balance.
and Fulcrum are close to each other which makes
it easier to remove a nail with the hammer.

In using a screwdriver to lift the lid

from a paint tin , here moving the
effort over a greater distance than the
load. By having the fulcrum (the rim of
the tin) close to the lid (the load) a
larger force can be applied to the load
to open the tin.

ANARGHA
BFT/20/1344 The blades of the scissors are a pair of
wedges in a cross shape which pivot around a
fulcrum. The attached handles are levers.
When force is applied to the handles, it
causes the bladed wedges to come together to
cut an object from both sides ANARGHA
CLASS 2 LEVER
● LOAD IS LOCATED IN BETWEEN THE FORCE AND
THE FULCRUM.
● THE LOAD ARM IS SMALLER THAN THE EFFORT
ARM.
● MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE IS > 1.
● SPEED MULTIPLIER LEVER.

● SOME OF THE EXAMPLES ARE-

NUT CRACKER WHEELBARROW BOTTLE OPENER

STAPLER
DOOR
CLASS 3 LEVER
● EFFORT BETWEEN FULCRUM AND LOAD.
● THE EFFORT ARM IS SMALLER THAN THE LOAD
ARM.
● MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE IS < 1.
● SPEED MULTIPLIER LEVER.

● EXAMPLES ARE:
TWEEZERS FISHING ROD

BROOM

JAW GANGA PRASANTHAN

THANKYOU