^KMDPPDM\HPALH LD KJ^D]\KIAMKÝ
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ
J
Vrhiraea ld Kjvdstkiamkýj Nhreatkva 

NAMTC\AL LD......... 
D]MTDCA VPHND]KHJAC LD…
(Eayÿsmucas, Arkac 12 pujths/ Arkac 1> pujths) 

\åtuch l
\åtuch ldc
dc KKjnhr
jnhred
ed Amalëekmh
(Eayÿsmucas y ekjÿsmucas) (Arkac 1< pujths)

 AT\HP (D])?
Vrdsdjtarchs phr hrldj acna`ëtkmh (Eayÿsmucas y ekjÿsmucas, Arkac 10 pujths)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)
Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds (hrmkl.hri/….)

 A]D]HP(A )(D])?
 A]D]HP(A)(D])?
Iralh amalëekmh. Apdccklhs, Jhe`rds ( hrmkl.hri/….)
(Eayÿsmucas y ekjÿsmucas, Arkac 10 pujths)

CÅJDA LD KJ^D]
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ?
\KIAMKÝJ?
………………………..
(Eayÿsmucas y ekjÿsmucas, Arkac 10 pujths)

CÅJDA LD PD]VHJ]A@KC
PD]VHJ]A@KC KLAL ]HMKAC TJK^DP
TJK^DP]K\APKA?
]K\APKA?
………………………..
(Eayÿsmucas y ekjÿsmucas, Arkac 10 pujths)

MKTLAL LD NKCKAC “ VDPß

(Añh)
 

^KMDPPDM\HPALH LD KJ^D]\KIAMKÝ
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ
J
Vrhiraea ld Kjvdstkiamkýj Nhreatkva 

Kjnhred amalëekmh
amalëekmh

Dc kjnhred amalëekmh, ds uj prhlumth ld kjvdstkiamkýj ld marámtdr ldsmrkptkvh, qud

partd ld uj mhjtdxth shmkac y mhjtrk`uyd
m hjtrk`uyd ac chirh ld ca mhepdtdjmka ld ca dxpdrkdjmka

murrkmucar dod7 sd ldsarrhcca a travës ld ca h`sdrvamkýj, cdmtura, rdvkskýj

`k`ckhiránkma, ajácksks, rdikstrh ld mktas y rdndrdjmkas `k`ckhiránkmas. \kdjd dc
prhpýskth ld naekckarkzar ac dstulkajtd mhj amtkvklalds ld kjkmkamkýj mkdjtånkma, mheh
pujth ld partkla ld ca kjvdstkiamkýj nhreatkva, skiukdjlh chs ckjdaekdjths ldc
eëthlh mkdjtånkmh.

]drá dca`hralh ld eajdra irupac (ld < a > kjtdirajtds), phr chs dstulkajtds qud
mursdj uja dxpdrkdjmka murrkmucar dod ld kjvdstkiamkýj nhreatkva ldc K ac KKK mkmch (K
jkvdc), ldc murråmuch L.

Dsqudea ldc kjn

kjnhred
hred ama
amalëekmh
lëekmh
MAPÁ\TCA
ÅJLKMD
K. KJ\PHLTMMKÝJ
KK. LD]APPHCCH
KKK. MHJMCT]KHJD]
PDNDPDJMKA]
AJDRH]

Nhreath ld prdsdjtamkýj?
\aeañh ld papdc? A <
\kph y taeañh ld cdtra? Arkac 10
Kjtdrckjdalh? 1.4
Eáridjds
◈  ]updrkhr? 0.4 me
◈  Kjndrkhr? = me
◈  Ldrdmbh? 0.4 me
◈  Kzqukdrlh? = me
 

^KMDPPDM\HPALH LD KJ^D]\KIAMKÝ
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ
J
Vrhiraea ld Kjvdstkiamkýj Nhreatkva 

Jÿedrh ld páikjas ld thlh dc lhmuedjth ld 16 a 14 páikjas (skj kjmcukr ajdxhs).

◈   Juedramkýj ld páikja dj dc earidj kjndrkhr ldrdmbh.
◈   Juedramkýj ld páikjas prdckekjards dj rheajhs ekjÿsmucas mhj hrldj
mhrrdcatkvh, ca marátuca jh sd djuedra y sd kjkmka djuedrajlh dc åjlkmd mhj
lhs dj rheajh ekjÿsmucas.
◈   Juedramkýj ld kjtrhlummkýj basta ajdxhs mhj jÿedrhs ará`kihs kjkmkajlh
ld 1 (juedramkýj kjldpdjlkdjtd ld páikjas prdckekjards).
◈   Chs ajdxhs jh tkdjdj juedramkýj ld páikja.

Iuåa para ca d
dca`hramkýj
ca`hramkýj ldc kjn
kjnhred
hred amalë
amalëekmh
ekmh
 Mheprdjld dc chihtkph ld ca Tjkvdrsklal, ca namuctal y dc prhiraea
MAPÁ\TCA? Mheprdjld
MAPÁ\TCA?
amalëekmh, dc tåtuch ldc kjnhred amalëekmh, jhe`rds ld chs authrds y asdshr (ds),
dc mýlkih HPMKL (hrmkl.hri/….), ld mala ujh (authrds y asdshrds) djtrd parëjtdsks,
ca cåjda ld kjvdstkiamkýj (sk dc prhlumth ld kjvdstkiamkýj ds dca`hralh phr
dstulkajtds ld lkstkjths prhiraeas ld dstulkh, sd mhjskldra cas cåjdas idjdracds ld
kjvdstkiamkýj ld ca ujkvdrsklal y sk ëstd ds dca`hralh phr dstulkajtds ld uj ekseh
prhiraea ld dstulkhs, uja ld cas cåjdas ld kjvdstkiamkýj dspdmånkmas ldc prhiraea)7
aså ekseh, sd dspdmknkma ca mkulal ld ca nkckac
n kckac y dc añh (1 páikja).
Dc tåtuch sd rdlamta mhj cdtra eayÿsmuca y cudih mhj ekjÿsmucas7 ld`d sdr mcarh,
mhbdrdjtd y mhjmksh (jh dxmdldr ld 06 paca`ras).
ÅJLKMD?   ]d mhjskijaj cas partds ldc prhlumth ld kjvdstkiamkýj ld ehlh
ÅJLKMD?
dsqudeátkmh mhj cas páikjas mhrrdsphjlkdjtds a mala uja ld dccas. ]hch ca prkedra
cdtra ld ca paca`ra ld kjkmkh y ld jhe`rds prhpkhs va dj eayÿsmuca (1 páikja).
K. KJ\PHLTMMKÝJ?   ]d rdlamta dc tdea a kjvdstkiar, dj nhrea ldsmrkptkva y
KJ\PHLTMMKÝJ? 
dxphsktkva, aså mheh cas prkjmkpacds `asds mhjmdptuacds, ajtdmdldjtds y
h`odtkvhs ld ca kjvdstkiamkýj (ld = a 4 páikjas)
KK. LD]APPHCCH?  Ds dc mhjtdjklh ld ca kjvdstkiamkýj, lhjld sd prdsdjta ca
LD]APPHCCH? Ds
kjnhreamkýj sh`rd dc tdea kjvdstkialh ld eajdra mhbdrdjtd, ld amudrlh a
chs h`odtkvhs ld ca kjvdstkiamkýj. Dc dstulkajtd kjtdrprdta mhj sus prhpkas
paca`ras ca tdeátkma kjvdstkiala (= a 4 páikjas).
KKK. MHJMCT]KHJD]?  ]hj cas kldas dsdjmkacds ldc kjnhred, mheh rdspudsta a
MHJMCT]KHJD]? ]hj
chs h`odtkvhs pcajtdalhs (1 páikja).
 

^KMDPPDM\HPALH LD KJ^D]\KIAMKÝ
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ
J
Vrhiraea ld Kjvdstkiamkýj Nhreatkva 

PDNDPDJMKA]?   Ds ca rdcamkýj ld nudjtds mktalas dj dc mudrph ldc kjnhred

PDNDPDJMKA]?
amalëekmh (ck`rhs, rdvkstas y tdsks7 jh sd ld`d mhjskld
mhjskldrar
rar kjnhreamkýj ld pdrkýlkmhs
u htrhs qud jh tdjia mktas y rdndrdjmkas `k`ckhiránkmas nhreacds). Cas rdndrdjmkas
mhjsuctalas, pdrh jh mktalas dj dc tdxth, jh sd kjmcuydj dj dstd ckstalh. Cas
rdndrdjmkas ld`dj aoustarsd a cas jhreas AVA, ^ajmhuvdr d K]H, vkidjtds, sdiÿj
dc prhiraea amalëekmh (1 a 0 páikjas).
 AJDRH]?   ]hj lhmuedjths auxkckards qud sd mhjskldraj jdmdsarkhs para uja
 AJDRH]?
eayhr mheprdjskýj ldc kjnhred amalëekmh7 ësths pudldj sdr kcustramkhjds, nkiuras,
ta`cas, djtrd htrhs, dj uj eáxkeh ld trds páikjas. Mala ajdxh ld`d kr juedralh,
mhjtdjdr uja cdydjla d kjlkmar ca nudjtd.
 

^KMDPPDM\HPALH LD KJ^D]\KIAMKÝ
KJ^D]\KIAMKÝJ
J
Vrhiraea ld Kjvdstkiamkýj Nhreatkva 

Pÿ`rkma ldc kjnhred amalëekmh

JK^DC LD CHIPH
JK^DC K KKK
MPK\DPKH A VTJ\AO
TJKLA TJKLA
D^ACTAP  JH\A@C
JH\A@C D AC\H EDL
EDLKH
KH @AOH D
L L
Ldsmrk`d ld eajdra Ldsmrk`d uj Ldsmrk`d ca rdacklal Ldsmrk`d sktuamkhjds
skstdeátkma uj prh`cdea ld prh`cdeátkma, skj qud jh rdncdoaj ca
prh`cdea ld kjvdstkiamkýj prkhrkzar ca prh`cdeátkma a
KLDJ\KNKMAMKÝJ kjvdstkiamkýj partkdjlh shch ld su jdmdsklal. kjtdrvdjkr.
LDC VPH@CDEA partkdjlh ld su mhjtdxth shmkac. <
mhjtdxth shmkac.
(< pujths) (= pujths) (0 pujths) (1 pujth)
Nujlaedjta ld Nujlaedjta mhj lhs Nujlaedjta mhj Nujlaedjta skj
eajdra skstdeátkma h edjhs tdhråas tdhråas qud jh dstáj mhjskldrar tdhråas
mhj eás ld lhs rdspdmth ldc vkjmucalas mhj dc rdcamkhjalas ac
tdhråas rdspdmth ldc prh`cdea ld prh`cdea ld prh`cdea ld
 AJ\DMDLDJ\D] prh`cdea ld kjvdstkiamkýj. kjvdstkiamkýj. kjvdstkiamkýj. =
kjvdstkiamkýj.
(= pujths) (1 pujth) (6 pujths)
(0 pujths)
Nhreuca h`odtkvhs Nhreuca h`odtkvhs Nhreuca h`odtkvhs Nhreuca h`odtkvhs
vka`cds, edlk`cds y ackjdalhs a ca ackjdalhs a ca qud jh dstáj
ackjdalhs a ca prh`cdeátkma7 skj prh`cdeátkma7 skj ackjdalhs a ca
prh`cdeátkma ld ca de`arih, shch shj de`arih, jh shj prh`cdeátkma.
H@OD\K^H] kjvdstkiamkýj edlk`cds. vka`cds jk edlk`cds. 0
prhpudsta.
(0 pujths) (1.4 pujths) (1 pujth)
(6.4 pujths)
Vrdsdjta d kjtdrprdta Vrdsdjta d kjtdrprdta Vrdsdjta ca Vrdsdjta ca
ca kjnhreamkýj ld ca kjnhreamkýj amhrld kjnhreamkýj amhrld kjnhreamkýj ld
eajdra skstdeátkma y mhj chs h`odtkvhs ld ca mhj chs h`odtkvhs ld ca eajdra ldshrldjala
LD]APPHCCH hrldja, amhrld mhj kjvdstkiamkýj. kjvdstkiamkýj, pdrh d kjmhepcdta, skj <
chs h`odtkvhs ld ca kjmhepcdta. tdjdr dj mudjta chs
kjvdstkiamkýj.
(< pujths) (= pujths) (0 pujths) h`odtkvhs
(1 pujth) pcajtdalhs.
Cas mhjmcuskhjds shj Cas mhjmcuskhjds shj Cas mhjmcuskhjds shj Cas mhjmcuskhjds shj
pcajtdalas ld pcajtdalas ld pcajtdalas ld pcajtdalas skj
eajdra mhbdrdjtd y eajdra mhbdrdjtd, eajdra mhbdrdjtd mhbdrdjmka y jkjiuja
ld amudrlh mhj chs pdrh ld amudrlh, shch pdrh jh ld amudrlh rdcamkýj mhj chs
MHJMCT]KHJD] h`odtkvhs ld ca mhj aciujhs ld chs mhj chs h`odtkvhs ld ca h`odtkvhs ld ca 0
kjvdstkiamkýj. h`odtkvhs ld ca kjvdstkiamkýj. kjvdstkiamkýj.
kjvdstkiamkýj.
(0 pujths) (1.4 pujths) (1 pujth) (6.4 pujths)
Jh bay drrhrds ld Vrdsdjta basta mkjmh Vrdsdjta ld sdks a Vrdsdjta eás ld lkdz
iraeátkma, hrthiranåa drrhrds ld iraeátkma, lkdz drrhrds ld drrhrds ld iraeátkma,
PDLAMMKÝJ h pujtuamkýj. hrthiranåa h iraeátkma, hrthiranåa hrthiranåa h 0
(0 pujths) pujtuamkýj. h pujtuamkýj. pujtuamkýj.
(1.4 pujths) (1 pujth) (6.4 pujths)
Pdspdta ca dstrumtura Pdspdta ca dstrumtura Pdspdta Jh mhjskldra ca
ldc prhlumth ld ldc prhlumth ld parmkacedjtd ca dstrumtura ldc
kjvdstkiamkýj y kjvdstkiamkýj y dstrumtura ldc prhlumth ld
prdsdjta ca prdsdjtd ca prhlumth ld kjvdstkiamkýj y ca
kjnhreamkýj ld kjnhreamkýj kjvdstkiamkýj, mhj kjnhreamkýj
D]\PTM\TPA [
HPIAJK_AMKÝJ
eajdra hriajkzala hriajkzala mhj kjnhreamkýj prhphrmkhjala jh 1
mhj párranhs `kdj párranhs `kdj hriajkzala pdrh chs pardmd dstar
rdlamtalhs y skj rdlamtalhs, pdrh párranhs jh dstáj hriajkzala.

su`tåtuchs.
(1 pujth) kjmcuyd
(6.94 su`tåtuchs.
pujths) `kdj rdlamtalhs. (6.04 pujths)
(6.4 pujths)
Cas rdndrdjmkas shj Cas rdndrdjmkas jh Cas rdndrdjmkas shj Cas rdndrdjmkas jh
rdmkdjtds mhj uj shj rdmkdjtds, pdrh rdmkdjtds mhj uj shj rdmkdjtds jk ld
tkdeph jh eayhr ld shj ld nudjtds tkdeph jh eayhr ld nudjtds rdmhjhmklas.
mkjmh añhs ld `k`ckhiránkmas mkjmh añhs ld
ajtkiódlal y ld mkdjtånkmas y `asd ld ajtkiódlal, pdrh jh
PDNDPDJMKA] nudjtds `k`ckhiránkmas laths rdmhjhmklas. ld nudjtds 1
mkdjtånkmas y `asd ld `k`ckhiránkmas
laths rdmhjhmklas. mkdjtånkmas jk `asd ld
laths rdmhjhmklas.
(1 pujth) (6.4 pujths) (6.04 pujths)
(6.94 pujths)
Djtrdiý dc låa y ca Djtrdiý dc låa, pdrh Djtrdiý ujh låa Djtrdiý lhs låas
PD]VHJ]A@KCKLA bhra dstkpucala. jh ca bhra dstkpucala. tarld. tarld.
L (1 pujth) (6.94 pujths) (6.04 pujths) 1
(6.4 pujths)
\H\AC 06
JH\A? Ca jhta h`tdjkla dj ca ujklal K ld`drá sdr mhjvdrtkla phr rdica ld trds, a dsmaca vkidskeac.