W O RK S

T HE LA TE

H O R A C E H AY MA N W IL S O N ,

M E MB E R O F T H E RO Y A L A S AT C I I S O C I E T Y, OF T H E A S AT C I I I I
S O C ET E S OF

C A LC U T T A A ND P AR S , I A N D OF T H E O R E N T AL I I
S O C E T Y OF G E RM A N Y ;

I
F O RE GN M E MB E R O F T H E N AT O N A L I I I
NS T T UT E OF FRA N C E ;

M E MBE R O F T H E I I
M P E R A L A C AD E M I E S OF ST . P E T E R S BU RGH AND VI EN NA ,

A ND OF T HE RO Y A L A C AD E M E S I OF MUN CE I '

A ND I
B E RL N ;
PH . D . B RE S LAU ; M . D. M A RBU RG ,
ETC .
;
A ND BOD E N P RO FE S S O R O F S ANS K R T I IN T HE UN IV I
E RS T Y OF O XFO RD .

VOL VI . .

LONDON :

TRUBNER CO .
,
60 , PAT E RNOST ER ROW .
 V IS HNU PU R ANA :
A S Y S T EM

HIN DU MYT HOLO GY A N D T RA DIT ION .

TR L TE D AN S A

FROM T HE ORIGINAL S A N S KRIT ,

A ND

ILLUS T RAT ED BY NO T ES

D E RI V E D C HIE FLY FR O M O T H E R P U R AN A S ,

BY THE LA T E

H H W ILS ON , M A ,
. . . .

BO D E N PRO F E S S O R O F SANS KR T I IN T HE UN IV I
E RS T Y OF O X F O RD ,
E TC ETC .

E D I TE D BY

FIT Z EDWA RD HALL,

M A
. .
,
D C L O XO N
. . . .

VOI 1 .

LON DON :

T RUBNE R OO .
,
6 0 , PAT ERN OSTER ROW .
T HE CHANCELLOR, MA S TERS , AND S CHOLARS

T HE UNIVE RSIT Y O F OXFORD,

T HIS W ORK

I S RE SPE CTFU LL Y I N S CRIBE D BY

H H WILS ON,
. .

I N TE S TIMON Y OF HIS V ENE RA TI ON FOR

THE U N I V E RS I TY ,

AN D I N E
GRAT FU L A CKNO W L E D GMEN T OF TH E D I S TI N CTION

ONFE RRE D UP ON
C HIM

BY HI S AD MI SS I ON AS A MEMBE R ,

A N D HI S E L E CTI ON
TO T HE

BO D EN PRO FE SS O RS HIP OF TH E SAN SKRIT LAN GUAGE .

 NOT CE .

T he E di t o r d efer s t il l th e c o m pl eti o n O f hi s un d er
taki n g an
y g en e ra l re m ark s th a t he m ay h a v e to O ffe r .
 P R E FA C E .

T HE lit e ra u r e o f
t th e Hi n d u s h a s
b een c u ltiv ate d
now ,

f o r m a n y y e ars with s i n g u l a r dilig e n c e a n d i n m a n y

, , ,

o f i t s b ra n ch e s with e m i n e n t s u cc e s s
,
T h e r e a re s o m e
.

d ep a rt m en t s h o w ev e r which a re
, y
,
e t b u t p arti ally a n d

i m p erfe ctly i nv e stigat e d ; a n d we are far fro m b e i n g

i n p o s s e s s i o n o f th a t k n o wl e dg e which th e a u th entic
writin g s o f th e H i n d u s a l on e ca n gi v e u s o f th ei r r e
l i g i o n m yth o l o gy a n d hi s t o ric a l tra d iti o n s
, ,
.

F ro m th e m at eri al s t o which we h av e hith ert o h a d

a cc e s s it s e em s p ro b abl e th at th ere h av e b e en th re e
,

p ri n cip al fo rm s i n which t h e religi o n o f the H i n d u s

h a s ex i s t e d a t as m a n y differen t p er i o d s T h e d u ra ti o n
,
.

o f th o se p er i o d s th e ci r c u m st a n c e s o f th ei r s u cc es s i o n
, ,

a n d th e p r e ci se s t a t e o f th e n a ti o n a l fa ith a t e a ch s e a s o n ,

it i s n o t p o s sibl e to t ra c e wi th an y app r o a ch to a ccu

ra cy T h e p rem i s e s h av e b een t oo i m p erfe ctly d et er
'

m i n e d t o a u th o riz e o th er th an c o n cl u s i o n s o f a g en era l
a n d s o m ewh a t v a g u e d e s c ripti o n ; a n d th o s e r e m a i n t o

be h ere afte r c on fi rm e d o r c o rre ct e d by m ore ex t en s iv e

, ,

a n d s ati s fa ct o ry r e s e ar ch .

T h e earli e s t form u n d er which the H in d u r eligi o n

a pp e ar s i s th a t t a u ght i n th e V e d a s T he styl e o f th e
.

l an g u ag e an d th e p u rp ort o f the c om p o siti o n o f th o se

, ,

I .
H PRE FA CE .

wo rk s, as far cq u a i nte d with th em i n dic ate

as we a re a ,

a d at e l o n g a n t e ri o r t o th a t o f a n o th er cl a ss o f S an s
y .

k rit w riti ng s I t i s y et h o w ev er s ca rc ely s afe t o a d

.
, ,

v a n c e a n O pi n i o n o f t h e p re ci s e b eli e f o r phil o s o phy , ,

which th ey i n c u lc at e T o e n abl e u s t o j ud g e o f th ei r .

t en d en cy we h av e o nly a g en eral sk e tch o f th e ir ar

,

w ith a f e w e x tra ct s by Mr
“

r an g em e n t a n d c o nt ent s , ,
.

C ol eb r o o k e i n th e A si a tic R e s e ar ch e s ; a few i n ci d en ta l
,
1

o b s erv ati o n s by Mr E lli s i n th e s am e m i s c ell a n y ;

2
. an d
,

a t ra n sl a ti o n o f th e fi rs t b o o k o f th e S am hit a o r c o l ,

l e ct i o n o f t he p ray ers o f th e Rig v e d a by Dr R o s e n ; -

,
.

a n d s o m e o f th e U p a n i s h a d s o r sp e c u l a ti v e t re ati s e s , ,

a tt a ch e d t o ra th e r th a n p a rt o f
, t h e V e d a s by Ram , ,

m ohu n R o y O f t he r eligi o n ta u ght i n th e Ve d a s

“ e
.
,

Mr Col ebro ok e s O pin i o n w ill p r o b ably be r e c e iv e d a s

.
’

th a t which i s b e s t e ntitl e d t o d eferen c e ; a s c erta inly , ,

n o S a n s k rit s ch o l ar h a s b e en e q u ally c o n v er s a n t w ith

th e o rigi n a l wo rk s T he re al d o ctri n e o f t he wh ol e
.
“

I n d ia n s criptu re i s th e u n ity o f th e d eity i n wh o m th e ,

1
V ol . V III p .
,
.
2
V Ol x 1 v . .
,
p . 37 .

3
P bliu sh e d by itt
th e O r i t l T l ti F
en a ra ns a on und C o mm ee .

4
A t fra n s a l ti d w
on p bli h d
o th p i cip l Up i h
e r n a an s a s as u s e ,

und thertitl f O p k h t
e T h l g i I d ic
e o by A q ti l
u ne a
,
or eo o a n a ,
n ue

du P ; b t it w
e rro n m d th g h t
u h m d i m f t h P
as i a e ro u e e u o e e rs a n,

and i y i c ct d b c
s v er A t l ti
n o rre f y difan o s u re ra n s a on o a ver

f t
er e n h t i h
c b m ti m
a r ac e r i c f p p as ti e en so e e n ou r s e O re a ra on

by M P l y . o e .

i th
To li t f th m
ns er ere a s o e nu ero u s p blic ti b i g
u a ons ear n on the
V d
e as th t h , pp d i c th d t
a ave a eare s n e e a e o f t hi p f cs1 8 40 re a e , ,
wou d l
b b i d th p p
e es e f my te u r os e o n o es .

I R p i t d i C l b k Mi l l E ssays, Vol I , pp
’
e r n e n o e roo e s s ce a neous . . . 9- 1 1 3 .

T h ki d fP f
e W il h
n ness o ro ess or s on ere it
m s ook a ho e for p a rea lity .
 PRE F CE A III
i
u n v ers e i s c omp re h en d e d ; an d th e s eemi n g p olyth ei sm
which it ex hibit s o ffers th e el em e nt s a n d th e s t ars ,

a n d pl a n et s as god s ,
T he th ree p r i n cip a l m an ife s t a
.

ti o n s o f th e d iv i n ity with o th er p erso n ifi e d a ttrib u te s

. ,

a n d e n e r gi e s a n d m o s t o f th e o th er g o d s o f H i n d u
,

m yth ol o gy a re i nd e e d m en ti o n e d o r a t l e a s t i n d i
, , , , , ,

cat e d i n t h e V e d a s
,
Bu t th e w o r s hip o f d e ifi e d h ero e s
.

i s n o p art o f th a t sy s tem ; n o r a re th e i n c arn a ti o n s o f

d e iti es s u gg e s t e d i n a ny o th er p o rti on o f th e t ex t which
I h av e y et s e e n ; th o u gh s uch are s o m etim es hin t e d at
” 1
by th e c o m m e n ta to rs S o m e o f th e s e s t at e m en t s m ay
.
,

p erh a p s r eq u i re m o d ific ati o n ; f o r w ith o u t a c arefu l

, ,

e x am i n a ti o n o f all th e p ray e r s o f th e V e d a s it wo u l d ,

be h a z ar d o u s t o a s s er t th at th ey c o nt a i n n o i n dic ati o n
wh at ev e r o f h ero wo rship ; an d c ert ai n ly th e y d o ap
-
, ,

p e ar to all u d e o cc a s i o nally t o th e Av atara s o r i n car

, , ,

n a ti o n s o f Vi s h n u
,
S till h o wev er it i s tr u e th a t th e
.
, ,

p rev a ili n g ch ara cter o f th e r it u a l o f th e V e d a s i s th e

w o rs hip o f th e p ers o n ifi e d el e m en t s ; O f A g n i o r fi re ;
I n d ra th e fi rm am en t ; V ay u th e air ; V aru II a th e wat er ;
, ,
'

o f A d ity a th e s u n ; S o m a th e m o o n ; a n d o th er el e
, ,

m ent a ry an d pl an e t ary p er s o n a g e s I t i s a l s o t ru e th a t .

th e wo rship o f t he V e d a s i s f or th e m o s t p art d o m es tic , ,

wo r ship c o n s i sti n g o f p ra y e rs a n d o bl ati o n s o ffere d

,

i n th e i r o wn h o u s e s n o t i n t e m pl e s — by i n d i v id ual s
, ,

f o r i n div i d u al g o o d an d a d d re s s e d t o u n re al p re s en c es
, ,

n o t t o v i s ibl e typ e s In a w or d the r eligi o n o f th e

.
,

V e d a s wa s n o t i d o l atry .

1
A s Res .
, V ol . V III p .
,
.

Or Mis cell a neous E ssays, Vol I , p p 1 1 0 . . . and 1 1 1 .

IV PRE FA CE
I t i s not p oss ibl e to c o nj e ct u re wh en thi s m ore simpl e
an d p rim itiv e fo rm o f a d orati o n w a s s u cc e e d e d by the
w o rship o f i m a g e s a n d typ e s r ep re s enti n g B rah m a , ,

Vi sh n u S iva a n d o th er I m a gi nary bei ng s cc o n s tit u ti n g

, , ,

a m yth o l o gic al p a n th e o n o f m o s t a m pl e e x t en t ; o r

wh e n R am a a n d Kri sh n a wh o app ear t o h av e b e en

, ,

o r igi n ally r e al a n d hi st o ric a l ch ara ct e r s w e re e l ev at e d

, ,

t o th e d ig n ity o f d iv in iti es I m a g e wo rship i s all ud e d

.
-

t o by M an u i n s ev eral p a s s a g e s bu t with a n i nti m a 1

, ,

ti o n th at th o s e B ra hm an s wh o s ub s i st by m i n i s teri n g
i n t em pl e s a re a n i n fe ri or a n d d e gra d e d cl a s s T he .

s t o ry o f th e R am ay a n a a n d M ah abh arat a t u rn s w h o lly

u p o n th e d o ct ri n e o f i n c arn a ti o n s ; al l t h e chi e f d ra m ati s

p ers on ae o f th e p oem s b ei ng i m p ers o n ati o n s of g o d s ,

a n d d e m ig o d s a n d c el e s ti a l s pi rit s
,
T h e r it ua l a pp e ars
.

t o be th a t o f t he V e d a s ; an d it m ay be d o u bt e d if a ny
all u s i o n t o i m a g e wo r sh ip o cc u rs
-
But th e d o ct ri n e o f
.

p ro pitia ti o n by p e n an c e an d p ra i s e p rev ail s th ro u gh o u t ;

a n d V i sh IIu a n d S i v a a re th e esp e ci al o bj e ct s o f p a ne
'

gy ric an d i nv o c ati o n In th e s e two work s th en w e

.
, ,

tra ce u n e qu iv o c al i n dic ati o n s o f a d ep art u re from the

e l e m e n t al w o r s h i o f th e V e d a s a n d th e origi n o r el a b
p ,

o rati o n o f l e g en d s W hich fo rm th e g re a t b o dy o f th e

m yth o l o gic al religi o n o f th e H i n d u s H ow f a r th ey .

o nly i m p r o v e d u p o n th e c o s m o g o n y a n d ch r o n o l o gy

o f th e i r p re d e c e s so r s o r i n wh at d e g re e th e tra diti o n s
,

o f fa m ili e s a n d dy n a s ti es m a o rigi n a t e w ith th e m a re

y ,

q u esti o n s th at can o nly be d et erm in e d wh en th e V e d a s

a n d th e t wo wo rk s i n q u esti o n sh a ll h a v e b e en m o re

th o ro u ghly ex am in e d .

B . 1 5 2 , 1 64 . B IV
. .
,
21 4 .
 PRE FA C E V

T he diff erent work s kn o wn by the n am e o f P ura n as

are e v i d e n tly d e r i v e d fro m th e s a m e religi o u s s y s t em

a s th e R am ay a n a a n d M ah abh ara t a o r fr o m th e m th o
, y
h ero ic sta g e of H in d u b eli ef Th ey p re s ent h o w ev er
.
, ,

p e cu li ariti e s which d e sig n ate th ei r b el o n gi n g t o a l at er

p er i o d an d t o an i m p ortan t m o dific ati o n i n th e p r o
,

g re s s of o pin i o n Th ey r ep eat the th e ore tic al c os m o

.

g o n y o f th e two g re at p oem s ; th ey ex p an d a n d sy s
t em atiz e th e ch r o n o l o gic al c o m p u t at i o n s ; an d th ey giv e
a m o re d e fi n it e a n d c o n n e ct e d r ep r e s en t a ti o n o f th e

m yth ol o gic a l ficti o n s a n d th e hi s t o r ic a l t ra d iti o n s Bu t .

,

b es id es th e s e an d o th er p artic ul ars Which m ay be ,

d eriv abl e from an o l d if n ot fro m a p rim itiv e era

, , ,

th ey o ff er ch ara ct eri stic p e c u li a riti e s O f a m o re m o d ern

d es cripti o n i n th e p aram o u n t i m p o rtan c e which th ey
,

a s s ig n t o i n di v id u a l d i v i n iti e s i n th e v ar i ety an d p u r
,

p o rt of th e rit e s an d O b s erv an c e s a dd re s s e d t o th em ,

a n d i n th e i nv en ti o n o f n ew l e g e n d s ill u s t ra ti v e o f th e

p o wer an d g ra ci o u s n es s o f th o s e d e iti e s a n d o f th e ,

e ffic a cy o f i m plicit d ev o ti o n t o th em S iv a an d Vi sh n u
.
,

u n d er o n e or o th er form a re a l m o s t th e s o l e o bj e ct s
,

th a t cl a i m th e h om a g e of th e H i n d u s i n th e P uran a s ; ,

d ep artin g fro m th e d o m e stic a n d el em ent al rit u al o f

th e V e d a s a n d e x hibiti n g a s e ct ari al ferv o u r an d ex
,

cl u s iv en es s n o t t ra c e abl e i n th e R am ay a n a a n d o nly ,

t o a q u alifi e d e x t en t i n th e M ah abh arat a Th ey are n o .

l o n g er au th o riti e s fo r H i n d u b eli ef a s a wh o l e : th ey
,

a r e s p e ci al g u i d e s f o r s ep ar at e an d s o m e ti m e s
,
c On ,

fl i cti n g b ra n ch es o f it ; c o m pil e d f or th e e v i d en t p ur
p o s e o f p r o m ot in g th e p referen ti al o r i n s o m e c a s e s
, , ,

th e s ol e wors hip o f Vi s h n u o r o f S iv a
1
, , .

i
Bes d e s the th
ree p eri od s mark ed by the V ed as , H ero i c
VI . PR E FA C E .

Th at th e P u ra n as a l way s b o re
ch ara cter h ere th e
giv e n o f th em m ay a d m it o f re a s o n abl e d o u bt : th at it
c o rre ctly appli es t o th em a s th ey n o w a r e m et with
‘

th e fo ll o wi n g p a g es will i rrefra g ably s u b st an ti at e It .

i s p o s s ibl e h o w ev er th at th er e m ay h av e b e en a n
,

e a rli e r cl a s s o f P u r a n a s o f which th o s e w e n o w h av e ,

a re bu t th e p arti a l a n d a d u lt era t e d r ep re s e nt ati v es .

T h e id e ntity o f th e l e g e n d s i n m a n y o f th em a n d still
m ore th e id en tity o f th e wo r d s —
, ,

, f o r i n s ev era l o f th em , ,

l o n g p as s ag e s are lit erally th e s am e i s a s u ffici ent -

p ro o f th at i n all s u ch c as es th ey m u st be c opi e d eith er

, ,

fro m s o m e o th er s im il ar wo rk o r fro m a c o m m o n an d ,

p ri o r o rigin al I t i s n o t u n u s u al al so f o r a fa ct t o be
.
, ,

‘ ’
s t a t e d u p o n t h e a u th o r ity o f a n o l d s t a nz a which i s ,

cite d a cc ordi n gly ; sh ow i ng th e ex i st en c e o f an e arli er

s o u r c e o f i n fo rm a ti o n : a n d i n v ery m a ny i n s t an c e s , ,

l eg en d s are a ll u d e d t o n ot t o ld ; ev i n ci n g a cq u ai nta nce,

w ith th ei r p ri o r n a rra ti o n s o m ewh ere el se T h e n am e .

i ts elf P uran a w hich i m pli es o l d i n d ica tes th e o bj e ct

,
‘
,
’
,

o f th e c o m pil a ti o n t o be th e p r es erv ati o n o f a n ci e n t

tra diti o n s ; a p urp o s e i n th e p r e sen t c o n d iti o n o f th e ,

P uran a s v e ry i m p erfe ctly fulfill e d Wh at ev er weight

,
.

m ay be a tta ch e d t o th e s e c on s id erati o n s t h ere i s n o ,

d i sp u ti n g e v id en c e t o th e lik e e ff e ct a ffo r d e d by o th er ,

a n d u n q u e s ti o n abl e a u th o r ity T h e d e s c ripti o n gi v e n .

,

by Mr C ol eb ro o k e o f th e Co nt en ts o f a P uran a i s
.
,
1

P msoe ,
a nd P t d f m th i fl c
u ra a s n , a fo u th r m ay be d a e ro e n u en e

ex ci s
er d by th T t
e p H i d p ctic d b li f b t w
e a n ra s u on n u ra e an e e : u e

a re y t
e t littl cq
oo i t d w it h t h w
e ak t h i i g
ua n e i t ose or s, or e r or n, o

s p c l t f ly p th i c q c
e u a e sa e u on e r o ns e u en es .

A R s .V l V II p
es .
,
o . .
,
.

Or Mi scell aneous E ssays, Vol . II .

, pp . 4 and 5, foot not e
-
.
 P RE FA CE V II

ta k en fro m S anskrit writers T he L ex ic o n o f A m ara .

S i mh a giv e s a s a sy n o ny m o f P ura n a P a n ch a l ak s h ana

, ,
-
,

‘th at which ha s fi v e ch ara cteri s tic t o pic s ; an d th ere i s ’

n o di ff ere n c e o f o pi n i o n a m o n g s t th e s ch o li a s t s a s t o , ,

wh at th es e are Th e y are a s Mr C o l eb r o o k e m enti o n s :

.
,
.

I P ri m ary creati o n o r c o sm o g o n y ; II S e c on d ary cre

.
,
.

a ti o n o r th e d e s tru cti o n a n d re n o v ati o n o f wo rld s

, ,

i n cl u di n g c h ro n o l o gy ; III G en eal o gy of g o d s a nd .

p atri arch s ; I V R e ig n s o f th e Man u s o r p eri o d s c all e d

.
,

Man want ara s ; an d V H i st ory o r s u ch p artic ul ars a s , .

,

h av e b een p re serv e d o f th e p r in c es of the s o l ar a n d

l u na r ra c e s an d o f th e i r d es c e n d an t s to m o d ern ti m e s
, .

Su ch at any rat e were th e c o n stit u e nt an d ch ara ct er

, ,

i sti c p o rt i o n s o f a P uran a i n t h e d ay s o f A m ara S i mh a f

e
-
,

fifty six y ear s b efo re th e C h r i sti a n era y l an d if th e

-
‘
,

T he fi iti f fo ll o w i ng
P an i c t tly q t d de n on o a ur a s on s a n uo e :

it i f d i th Vi h n M t y V ay
s oun n d th Pe s u, a s a, u, an o er ur a n a s

W IS W e s if t wa fi v fiu a
ai
mfi rm RS am t t ram
-
u
A i ti f d i g i th b g i i g f th c d li i
var a on o r ea n n e e nn n o e s e on ne s

no tic d by Ram m th ch li t A m
e
W
a s ra
QRQJW a ,
e s o as on a ra , ,

‘D t cti es ru f th th d t h on t fi l di
o l ti ; i e ea r an e r es ,
or na sso u on
’
n

wh ich c th g l gi f h
as e d p i
e c mp i d
en e a o es o er o e s a n r nc es are o r se

i th
n f t h p t i ch
os e o e a r ar s .

1 T ha Am araS Im ha t li ved th t ti m th ou h p ibl h t b

—S
at a e, os s e, as no ee n
g
p rofess or W P il fi t d iti P f c
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rov ed s on a nskr i t D i ctl ona i rs e on , re a e ,
'

.
,

p . v. as s e r s t th t
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“
al l t diti
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era n a on s

th l e d m wh
earne i th m t ph ic l ph
en o , n e e a or a ras eo o l gy f th H i d o e n us ,

d m i t d th ‘ i m f h c t f Vi k m ad i t
‘
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are e no
g t
na e e yn ne e s o e ou r o ra a . a

A th iti whi h
u or t th c t mp y xi t c f Am
es c as s er d Vi e on e orar e s en e o ara an

k m adi ty m i ght b i d fi it ly m ltipli d ;

ra a d th e q lly n e n e u e an os e are e u a nu

m which cl
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V III PRE FA CE

P ura n as h ad d erg o n e n o ch an g e s i n c e hi s tim e s u ch

un ,

we s h o u ld ex p e ct t o fi n d th em s t ill D o th ey c o n fo rm
"

ed iti on of hi s D icti onar y , u nd er the word a m ,

th e P f ro es s or ex pl i a ns

the
“
i
n ne g e ms to be : T he n
“
e ers at i ene m e n o f
ou r of Vi k ra l tt th c t ’

or, Dhanwa nt ari , K s h ap anak a, Am aras i i hh a, Sa nk u , Vetal abhaf ta,

'

m adi t ya,
’

Ghat akarp ara , K ali d a Varaham i hi ra , Vararuchi

a nd t d iti
T he
—
sa , . ra on

b t th
a ou es e ornam e n s t he thi nk s Meg ha duta , s e ond c e d iti P fc
on , re a e ,

p v
. .
—t o be one o f th os e reg ard n
g i wh h ic “
th ere is n o reas on t di p t o s u e

the t thru .

T he “
au th iti
or es s pk
o e n of i n th e f i t
rs of the p c di
re e ng e xt ct ra s a re

n ot s p cifi d
e by e P f
ro ess or W l s on ; i a nd th y e are n ot k nown to hav e
f ll
a en th iti p t h d
y et i n th e wa y of any o ne e l se . T hos e au or es a ar , e a

d c
u es t z b t i
a s an a a ou thef which h
“
y t h t it pp
n ne g em s o e sa s, a
“
a ears

in a g tm t d iti y ly ; I h
rea easu re t b
ra bl t t c onar on as av e no e en a e o ra e

it t y th tic c lth gh it i i th m th f y P dit

o an au en s ou r e, a ou s n e ou o ever an ,

wh i t g t d
en th bj ct
n erro a e on e su e .

Th t z i q ti cc i th Jy l l idabh i
e s an a n u es it
on o O urs n e o rv ara r a , near s c n

l i
c us o n, wh w fi d th f ll wi g
ere e n e o o n v erses

W W W warm : u
w a ft : nut ri tm t fi i s ug ‘

fi m ug m fiw fnz m :
a nd? a u s te re R afi : mu m

W fi t 3 M a fia f arm er n
‘

a a a s s a a a

a a a a a a a a

s a s s a s s e

a a a a a a a a
X PRE FA C E .

m o re au th entic ch ara cter th a n m o st O f its fell o ws ca n

p reten d to Y et e v en i n thi s i n stan c e we h av e a bo o k
.
, ,

u p o n th e i n s tit u t es o f s o ci ety an d O b se q u i a l r it es i n t er

p o s e d b et ween th e Manwan tara s an d th e g en ea l o gi es

O f p ri n c es ; a n d a lif e o f K ri sh n a s ep ara ti n g th e l att er
,

fro m a n a cco u n t o f th e en d of th e wo rl d ; b e sid es th e

i n s erti o n o f v ari o u s l e g en d s o f a m an ifestly p o p u l ar
an d s e ct a ri a l ch ar a ct er N o d o ubt m a ny o f th e Pu
.
,

r an a s ,
a s th ey n o w ar e c orre sp o n d with th e v i ew
,

wh ich C o l o n e l V an s K e nn e d y t ak e s o f th ei r p u rp o rt .

I c anno t d i s c ov er i n th em he r em ark s any o th er

,
“
, ,
”
o bj e ct th an th at o f r eligi o u s i n s tru cti o n T he d e “
.

s c ripti o n o f th e earth an d o f th e pl a n et ary sy s t e m a n d ,

th e li s t s o f ro y a l ra c es th at o cc u r i n th em h e a s s e rt s ,

t o be ev id en tly ex tran e o u s an d n o t e s sen ti al ci rc u m

“
,

s t a n c e s ; a s th e y a r e o m itt e d i n s o m e P ur a n a s an d v ery ,

c o n ci s ely il l u strat e d i n Oth ers ; whil e o n the c o nt rary

, , ,

i n al l th e P uran a s s om e o r o th er of th e l e adi n g p ri n
,

c i l es r it es an d O b s e rv a n c e s o f th e H i n d u religi o n ar e
p , ,

fully d welt u p o n an d ill u s trat e d eith er by s u ita bl e

, ,

l e g en d s o r by p re s cribi ng the c erem o n i es t o be p ra c

,

t i s e d a n d th e p ray er s an d i nv o c ati o n s t o be em pl o y e d
, ,
”
i n th e w o r ship o f di fferen t d e iti e s N o w h o w ev er .
1

a cc u r at e thi s d es c r ipti o n m a
y be o f t h e P ura n a s a s th ey

a re it i s cl e ar th at it d o e s n o t apply t o wh at the y were

,

w h en th ey were sy n o ny m o u s l y d e s ig n at e d a s P an ch a
‘ ’
l ak s hana s or tre ati se s o n fiv e t o pic s ; n o t o n e o f which
fiv e i s ev er sp e cifi e d by t ex t or c om m en t t o be re
, ,
“

l ig i o u s i n s tru cti o n In th e k n o wl e dg e o f A m ara S i m ha ,

R ese a r ch i t es n o th e Nt a ur e and A ffinity of A nci en t a nd

H i nd u M y t h l gy p
o o ,
. 1 53 , t
an d n o e .
 PRE FA CE XI

th e li st s o f p ri n c e s were n o t e xtra n e o u s a n d u n es senti al ;

a n d th e ir b ei n g n o w s o c o n s i d e re d by a wr it er s o we l l

a cq u a i n t e d with th e c o n t e n t s o f th e P ura n a s a s C o l o n e l

Van s K e nn e dy i s a d e ci s iv e p ro o f th at s i n c e th e d ay s
, ,

o f th e l e x ic o g raph er th e y h a v e u n d er g o n e s o m e m at e
,

r i a l a lt era ti o n an d th at we h av e n o t at p res ent th e

, , ,

s a m e wo rk s ,
i n all r e s p e ct s th a t wer e c urrent u n d e r
, ,

t h e d en o m i n ati o n o f P u ra n a s i n th e c ent u ry p ri o r t o
,

C hri sti an ity .

T h e i n feren c e d e d u c e d fro m th e di s crep an cy be

twe en th e a ct u al fo rm a n d th e o l d er d efi n iti o n of a
P uran a u nfav o u rabl e t o th e a n tiq u ity o f th e ext an t
,

wo rk s g en e rally i s c o n v ert e d i n t o c erta i n ty wh en we

, ,

c o m e t o ex am i n e th em i n d et a il Fo r alth o u gh th ey .
,

h av e n o d at e s a ttach e d t o th e m y et cir c um st an c e s a re
,

s o m e ti m e s m en ti o n e d or all u d e d t o
, o r r e fe r enc e s t o
,

a u th o riti e s ar e m a d e o r l e g e n d s a r e n arra t e d o r pl a c e s
, ,

a r e p artic u l ar iz e d o f wh ich th e c o m p ar a ti v ely r e c en t

,

d at e i s i n d i s p u t abl e a n d wh ich e n forc e a c o rr e sp o n d i n g

,

r e d u cti o n o f th e an tiq u ity o f th e work i n which th e y

a re di s c ov ere d . A t th e s am e ti m e th ey m ay be a c ,

q u itte d o f s u b s erv i en c e t o a ny bu t s e ct ari al i m p o st ure .

Th ey w ere pi o u s fra u d s f or t em p o rary p u rp o s e s : th ey

n ev er e m a n at e d fro m a n i m p o ss ibl e c o m bi n ati o n o f
y
th e B ra h m an s t o fab ric at e f o r t he a ntiq u ity o f th e e n
tire H in d u s y st em a ny cl aim s which it c ann o t ful ly
s u pp o rt . A v ery g r e at p orti on o f th e c o n t e nt s of m an y ,

s o m e p o rti o n o f th e c o n t e nt s o f a ll i s g en u i n e an d Ol d
,
.

T h e s e ctari a l i n t erp o l a ti o n o r e m b elli s h m en t i s a l way s

, ,

s u ffici en tly p alp abl e t o be s et a s id e w ith o u t i nj u ry t o

th e m o re au th en tic a n d p ri m itiv e m at eri al ; a n d th e

P uran as alth o u gh th ey b el o ng e sp ecia lly t o th at st ag e
,
XII PRE FA C E

of th e H in d u ligi o n i n which fa ith i n s o m e o n e di

re

v i n ity wa s th e p r ev a ili n g p ri n cipl e a re a l s o a v al u abl e

, , ,

r e c o r d o f th e fo rm o f H i n d u b eli e f which c a m e n ex t

i n o r d er t o th at o f th e V e d a s ; which g raft e d h ero

w o rs hip u p o n th e s i m pl er rit u al o f th e l att er; a n d which
h a d b een a d o pt e d a n d was ex t en s i v ely p erh ap s u n i
, ,

v ers all es t abli s h e d i n I n di a a t th e ti m e O f th e G reek

y
, ,

i n v a s i o n T h e H er c ul e s o f th e G reek writ er s w a s i n
.
,

d ubitably th e B al aram a o f th e H i n d u s ; a n d th eir n o

,

tice s o f Math ura o n th e J um na an d o f th e kin g d o m ,

o f the S ura s en i a n d th e P a n d acan c o u n try ev id e n c e ,

t h e p ri o r c urren cy of th e t ra diti o n s which c o n s tit u t e

th e arg u m en t o f th e M a h abh arat a an d w hich are co n ,

s ta n tl r e p eat e d i n th e P ur an a s r el ati n g t o th e Pan

y ,

d av a a n d Y ad av a ra ce s t o Kri sh n a a n d hi s c ontem
,

o ra r h er o es a n d t o th e dy n as ti e s o f th e s ol ar a n d
p y ,

l u nar ki n g s .

T h e th eo g o ny a n d c o s m o g o n y o f th e P u ra n as m ay ,

p rob ably be t ra c e d t o th e V e d as Th ey are n o t a s

, .
,

f a r a s i s y et k n o wn d e s c rib e d i n d et ail i n th o s e w o rk s ;
,

bu t th ey a re fre q u en tly all u d e d t o i n a s tra i n m o re or ,

l es s m y s tic al an d o b s c u re which i n d ic at e s a cq u ai nt an ce
,

w ith th e i r ex i s t en c e a n d wh ich s e e m s t o h av e s u ppli e d

,

th e P u r an a s with th e g ro u n d wo rk o f th e i r s y st e m s .

T h e s ch em e o f p ri m ary o r el e m e n t ary c re a ti o n th ey
b o rrow fro m th e S ankhy a phil os ophy which i s p ro , ,

b ably o ne o f th e o l d e s t fo rm s o f sp e cu l ati o n o n m an
,

a n d n a t ur e a m o n g s t th e H i n d u s
,
A g ree ably h o w ev e r
.
, ,

t o t h a t p art o f th e Pa u ranik ch a ra ct er w hich th ere i s

r e a s o n t o s u sp e ct o f l at er o rigi n th e ir i n c u lc ati o n o f
,

th e w o rs hip o f a fa v o u r it e d eity th ey c om bi n e th e ,

i nt erp o s iti on o f a cr eat or with th e i n d ep en d ent ev ol u

 PRE FA CE X III

ti on of m att er , i n h at c o ntradi ctory an d u n i n

a so m ew

t ell i g ibl e s tyl e I t i s ev id en t t o o th a t th e i r a cc o u nt s

.
, ,

o f s e c o n d ary c re ati o n o r th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f th e e x i s t
,

i n g fo rm s o f thi n g s a n d th e di sp o s iti o n o f th e u n i v erse

, ,

a re d e ri v e d fro m s ev era l a n d di ff e r e n t s o u r c e s ; a n d it

a pp e a rs v e ry lik ely th at th e y ar e t o be a cc u s e d o f s o m e

o f th e i n c o n g r u iti e s a n d a b s u r d iti e s by w hich th e n a r

ra ti v e i s d i sfig u re d i n c o n s e q u e n c e o f h av i n g a tt e m pt e d
,

t o a s s ig n reality a n d s i gn ifi can cy t o wh a t wa s m erely

m et aph o r o r m y s tici s m Th ere i s h o w ev er a m i d s t th e
.
, ,

u n n e c e s s a ry c o m pl e x ity o f th e d e s c ripti o n a g e n e ra l ,

a g ree m e n t a m o n g s t th em
, as t o th e o rigi n O f t h i n g s
,

a n d th e i r fi n al di s tr ib u ti o n ; a n d i n m a n y o f th e ci r c u m
,

s t a n c e s th e re i s a s t riki n g c o n c u rr en c e with th e i d e a s
,

which s eem t o h av e p erv a d e d th e w h o l e o f th e a n ci e n t

wo rld a n d which w e m ay th erefo re b eli ev e t o be fa ith
, , ,

fully rep re s ent e d in th e P ura n a s .

T he p an th e i s m o f th e P uran a s i s o n e o f th ei r i n
v a ri a bl e ch ar a ct e r i s tic s ; a lth o u gh th e p artic u l ar d i v i n ity

wh o i s al l thi n g s fro m wh o m all thi n g s p ro c e e d a n d

, ,

t o wh o m al l thi n g s r et u rn be d iv e rs ifi e d a cc o rdi n g t o
,

th e i r i n div id ua l s e cta ri a l bi a s The y s e em t o h av e d e

.

r i v e d t he n o ti o n fr o m th e V e d a s ; bu t i n th e m th e , ,

o n e u n i v e rs a l B e i n g i s o f a high e r o r d er th a n a er
p
s o n i fic a t i o n o f a tt rib u t e s o r e l em e n t s and h o w ev er , ,

i mp erfe ctly c o n c ei v e d o r u nwo rth ily d e s c rib ed i s Go d

, ,
.

In th e P uran a s th e o ne o nly S u p rem e B e in g i s s u p

,

p o s e d t o be m an ife s t i n th e p ers o n of S iv a o r Vi sh n u , ,

e ith er i n th e w a o f ill u s i o n o r i n s p o rt ; a n d o n e o r
y ,

o th er o f th e s e d iv i n iti e s i s th e r efor e al s o th e c au s e o f

al l th a t i s —
, ,

,
i s hi m s elf all th a t ex i s t s T he id en tity o f
-

, ,
.

Go d an d n at u re i s n ot a newn o ti o n : it was v ery g e n eral

XIV .
PRE FA CE

p e c ul ati o n s of an tiq u ity ; bu t i t a s s um ed a n ew

’

i n th e s

v ig o u r i n th e e arly a g es o f C h ri s ti a n ity a n d wa s c a rri e d ,

t o a n e q u a l pitch o f e x trav a g a n c e by t h e P l at o n ic
C h ri sti an s a s by th e S a iv a o r V a i sh n a v a H i n d u s I t .

s ee m s n o t i m p o s s ibl e th a t th er e w a s s o m e c o m m u n i

c ati o n b etween th em W e k n o w th at th ere w a s a n .

a cti v e c o m m u n ic ati o n b e t wee n I n d i a a n d th e Re d S e a ,

i n th e early a g es o f th e Chri st i a n era a n d th a t d o c

'

tri n e s a s well a s a rticl e s o f m er ch a n di se were b ro u ght

, ,

t o A l ex a n d ri a fro m th e fo rm e r Ep ip han i u s a n d E u
1
.

2
s ebi u s a cc u s e S c thi an u s o f h a v i n g i m p o rt e d fro m
y
I nd i a i n th e s ec on d c en t ury b o ok s o n m a gic a n d h e
, , ,

r e ti c al n o ti o n s l e a d i n g t o M a n ic h ae i s m ; a n d it w a s a t

th e s am e p er i o d th a t A m m o n i u s S a cca s i n s tit ut e d th e
s e ct o f t h e n ew P l at o n i s t s a t A l ex an d ri a T he b a s i s of .

h i s h ere s y wa s th at t ru e phil o s o phy d eri v e d i ts o rigi n

,

fro m th e eas tern n ati o n s Hi s d o ctrin e o f th e id e ntity .

o f Go d a n d th e u n i v er s e i s th a t o f t h e V e d as a n d Pu

r an as ; a n d th e p ra ctic es h e e nj o i n e d a s well as th e i r ,

o bj e ct were p re ci s ely th o s e d es c rib e d i n s ev e ra l o f th e

,

P ura n as u n d e r th e n am e o f Y o g a Hi s d i s cipl e s w ere

,
.

ta u gh t t o e xt en u at e by m o rtifi catio n a n d c o n t e m pl a
,

ti o n th e b o dily r e strai n t s u p o n th e im m o rtal spi rit ;

,

s o th at i n th i s life th ey m ight e nj o y c o m m u n i o n with

, ,

th e S up re m e B e i n g an d a s c e n d a ft er d e a th t o th e
, , ,

u n i v e rs a l P are n t T h at th e s e a re H i n d u t en et s th e
.
3 '

,
4
foll o wi ng p ag e s will te s tify ; a nd by th e a d m i s s i o n o f , ,

th e i r A l ex an d ri an t e a ch er th ey o rigi n at ed i n I n d ia ,
.

T he i m p o rtati o n wa s p erh ap s n o t wh olly u n re q u ite d :

, ,

1
A d v Ma ni ch se o s
. . H ist E . va ng .

S ee M os h e im ,
I .
, IL, I . S ee B o o k V I Chap V II .
, . .
 PRE FA C E . XV

h av e b een l eft u n p a id I t i s n ot i m
" "

the l o an m ay n ot .

p o s s ibl e th a t the H in d u d o ctrin e s r e c ei v e d fre sh a n i

m a ti o n fro m the i r a d o pti o n by th e s u cc e s s o rs o f Am
m o n i u s an d e sp e ci ally by th e m y s tic s wh o m ay h av e
, , , ,

p ro m pte d a s well a s em pl o y e d th e ex p res s i o n s o f th e

, ,

P u ran a s A n qu et il d u P erro n h a s giv en i n th e i nt ro

.
,
1

‘ ’
d u cti o n t o hi s t ra n sl a ti o n o f th e O u p n ekh at s e v e ra l ,

hy m n s by Sy ne s i u s a bi sh o p o f th e b e gi n n i n g o f th e
,

fifth c ent u ry which m ay s er v e a s p arall el s t o m a n y o f

,

th e hy m n s a n d p ra y ers a dd re s se d t o Vi sh n u i n th e
Vi s h n u P uran a .

Bu t th e a s c ripti o n t o i n d iv id u al a n d p ers o n a l d eiti e s

, ,

o f th e a ttrib u t e s o f th e o n e u n i v e r s a l a n d spi rit u a l S u

p re m e B e i n g i s a n i n d icati o n o f a l at er d at e th an th e
,

Ve d a s c erta i n ly a n d a pp aren tly a l s o th a n th e R am a

, , , , ,

y a n a wh e re R am a alth o u gh an i n c a rn ati o n o f Vi sh n u
, , ,

c om m o nly app e ars i n hi s h u m a n ch ara ct er al o ne Th ere .

i s s o m e thi n g o f the ki n d i n th e M a h abh ara ta i n r e s p e ct ,

t o K ri sh n a ; esp e ci ally i n th e p h il o so phic al epi so d e

kn own a s th e Bh a gav a d Gi t a In o th er pl a c e s th e di .
,

v i ne n a t u re o f K ri s h n a i s l es s d e ci d e d ly a ffi rm e d ; i n

s om e ,
it i s d i sp u te d o r d en i e d ; a n d i n m o s t o f th e
, ,

s it u ati o n s i n which h e i s ex hibit e d i n a cti o n it i s a s a ,

p ri n c e a n d warri o r n o t a s a d iv i n ity He ex erci s e s n o

,
.

s up e rh u m a n fa c u lti es i n th e d ef e n c e o f hi m self o r h i s

fri en d s o r i n th e d efeat an d d e stru cti o n o f hi s fo e s

,
.

T h e M ah abh ara t a h o wev er i s ev i d e ntly a wo rk o f

, , , ,

v a r i o u s p e ri o d s a n d r e q u i r e s t o be r e a d th r o u gh o u t
, ,

c a refully an d critically b efo r e i t s we igh t a s an au th or ,

ity can be a cc u rat ely app re ci at e d A s it i s n o w i n .

T heo l o gi a et P hil o so ph i I dic D i

a n a, s s er t p xx i
.
,
. v .
X VI PRE FA CE

typ e ,
—
k s t o the p u blic spirit of th e A s i atic S o
th an

ci ety o f B en g al a n d th e i r s e cr e t ary Mr J Pri n s ep

, ,
. .
,

it will n ot be l o n g b efo re th e S an skri t s ch ol ars o f th e

'

c o nti n ent wil l a cc urately app r e ci at e i ts v al u e .

T h e P uran a s are a l s o wo rk s o f e v i d e ntly d iffe re n t , ,

a ge s an d h a v e b e e n c o m pil e d u n d e r di ff er e n t ci r c u m
,

s t a n c es th e p re ci s e n a t u re o f w
,
hich we can bu t i m
p e rfe ctly c o nj e ct u re fro m i nt ern al ev id en c e an d fro m
wh a t w e k n o w o f th e hi s t o ry o f religi o u s o pi n i o n i n
I n d i a I t i s h ighly p ro b abl e th a t of th e p re s ent p o p ul a r
.
,

fo rm s o f the H i n d u r eligi o n n o n e a s s u m e d th ei r a ct u al ,

s t at e e a rli er th an th e ti m e o f S a n k ara A ch ary a t he ,

g reat S a i v a reform er wh o fl o u ri sh e d i n a ll lik elih o o d , , ,

i n th e e igh th o r n i n th c ent u ry O f th e V a i s h n a v a .
“

tea ch er s Ram an uj a d ate s i n th e twelfth c ent u ry ; Ma

,

d hwach ary a i n th e thi rt een th ; a n d V all abh a i n th e

, ,

s i x t e en th ; a n d th e P u r an a s s e em t o h av e a cc o m p a n i e d
2
,

o r fo ll o we d th e i r i nn o v a ti o n s ; b e i n g o b v i o u sly i n t e n d e d
,

t o a d v o c a t e th e d o ctr i n es th ey t a u ght T hi s i s t o a s .

s ig n t o s o m e o f th e m a v e ry m o d e rn d a t e it i s tr u e ; ,

bu t I c a n n o t th i n k th a t a h igh e r c a n with j u s tic e be , ,

a s c rib e d t o t h e m T h i s h owev er a ppli e s t o s o m e o nly

.
,
,

o u t o f th e n u m b er a s I sh all p r e se n tly p r o c e e d t o ,

s p e cify .

A n o th er e v id en c e o f a c o m p arati v ely m o d ern d at e

Th re e l
v o um es h av e b een pi t
r n ed : th e fou th r a nd l t
as is
t
u n d er s o o d t o be n e a r ly c m pl t o e ed .

2
A s R es .
,
V l XVI
o s . . a nd X V II A cc o u n t O f H i nd
. u S e cts l .
~

It c mpl t
was o e ed i n 1 8 39 : l t it b th t d t
at eas , e a rs a a e

1 T hi S k tch the R li gi S ct f th H i d P f
“
s e of e ou s e s o e n us by ro ess or

W il will b f
s on , e o u nd in th fi t e l m f hi c ll t d
rs vo u e o s o ec e works .
X VIII PRE FA CE

wh o i s id t o h av e tau gh t th e V e d a s an d P u ra n as to
sa

v ari o u s d i s cipl e s bu t wh o a pp e ar s t o h a v e b e en th e
,

h e a d o f a c oll eg e o r s ch o o l u n d er Wh o m v ar i o u s
, ,

l e arn e d m en g av e t o th e s a cre d lit erat u re o f th e H i n d u s

th e fo rm i nwh ich it n o w p re s e n t s it self In thi s t a s k .
,

th e d i s cipl e s a s th e y are t erm e d o f Vy as a w e r e ra th e r

, , , ,

h i s c o ll ea g u e s a n d c o a dj u t o rs ; f or th ey w er e al re a d y
c o nv e rs a n t with w h a t h e i s fabl e d t o h a v e t a u ght t he m ; 1

a n d a m o n g s t th em Lo m a har s h a na r e p re s e n t s t h e cl a s s
, ,

o f p e r s o n s w h o wer e e s p e ci a ll y ch a r g e d w ith t h e r e

c o r d o f p o litic a l a n d t e m p o ra l ev e n t s H e i s c all e d .

S nta a s if it w a s a p ro p er n a m e : bu t it i s m o re c o r
, ,

‘
a titl e ; a n d Lo m ah a r sh a na w a s a S l i t a
’
r e ctl th at i s
y , , ,

a b a rd o r p a n e gy ri s t
,
wh o wa s c r ea t e d a cc o r d i n g t o
, ,

o u r t ex t t o c el eb r a t e th e e x pl o it s o f p r i n c e s a n d wh o
2
, , ,

a cc o r d i n g t o t h e V ay u a n d P a d m a P u r an a s h a s a r igh t ,

by birth a nd p ro fes s i o n t o n arrat e the P u r a n a s i n p re , ,

fere n c e ev en t o th e B rah m an s I t i s n o t u nlik ely

3
.
,

th ere fo re th a t w e ar e t o u n d erstan d by hi s b ei n g re
,
-

p re s e nt e d a s th e d i s cipl e o f Vy as a th e i n stit uti o n o f ,

s o m e att e m pt m a d e u n d er th e d i re cti o n o f th e l a tt e r
, ,

t o c o l l e ct fr o m th e h e ral d s a n d a nn ali s t s o f h i s d ay
, ,

th e s c a tt e re d t ra d iti o n s w h ich th e y h a d i m p e rfe ctly

p re s erv e d : an d h en c e th e c o n s e qu en t a pp ro p ri a ti o n o f
t h e P ura n a s i n a g re a t m ea s u re t o th e g e n e al o gi e s o f
,
.

re g a l d y n a s ti e s a n d d e s cr ipti o n s o f th e u n i v e r s e Ho w
-
.

ev e r thi s m a b e t h e m a chi n e ry h a s b ee n bu t l o o s ely

y ,

See B o ok C h pt a er III .
2
B o ok I
.
,
C h pt
a er X III .

Jo u rn . R y l
o a A s S oc
. .
,
V ol V. .
,
p . 28 1 .

T he ticl
ar f
e re erre d to i s f ro m the p en of P f
ro es s or W il s on , a nd h as
b pi td
ee n re r n e .
 P RE FA CE X IX

a dh ere d t o ; an d m a n y o f t he P uran a s lik e th e Vi sh n u , ,

a r e r e fe rre d t o a d i ff e r e nt n a rra t o r .

A n a cc o u n t i s gi v e n i n th e foll o wi n g wo rk ,
of a ,
1

s e r i es o f P a ura n i k c m pil ati o n s O f wh ich i n th e i r

o ,

p re s en t fo rm n o v e s tig e app e a rs Lo m ah arsh a na i s

,
.

s a i d t o h av e h a d s i x d i s cipl e s th re e o f wh o m c o m p o s e d
,

a s m a n y fu nd a m e n t a l S a m hit as wh il s t h e hi m s elf c o m ,

pil e d a fo u rth B y a S a mh it a i s g e n era lly u n d ers to o d

.

‘ ’ ‘ ’
a c o ll e cti o n o r c o m pil ati o n T h e S a m h it as o f th e .

Ve d a s a re c oll e cti o n s o f hy m n s an d p ra y ers b el o n gi n g

t o th e m a rr a n g e d a cc o r din g t o th e j u d g m e n t o f s o m e
,

i n d iv i d u al s a g e wh o i s th ere fo re l o o k e d u p o n a s th e
, , ,

o r igi n a t o r a n d t e a ch e r o f e a ch T h e S a mh it as o f th e .

P ura n a s th e n sh o u l d be a n al o g o u s c om pil ati o n s at

, , ,

trib u te d re sp e ctiv ely t o Mitray u Sam s a p ay a n a A kri

, , , ,

t abra na a n d Ro m ah a rsh a na : n o s u ch Pa u r anik S a m

,
-

h it as ar e n o w k n o w n T h e s u b st an c e o f th e fo u r i s
.

s a i d t o be c o ll e ct e d i n t h e Vi sh n u P u r an a wh ich i s , ,

a l s o i n a n o th er pl a c e
,
it s elf call e d a S amh i ta Bu t s u ch
,
2
.

c o m pil a ti o n s h a v e n o t a s f ar a s i n q u i ry h a s et ro
, y p
ce e d e d b ee n di s c o v e re d
, T h e sp e cific a ti o n m ay be a c
.

c e t e d a s a n i n d ic a ti o n o f th e P ur a n a s h a v i n g ex i s t e d
’

p
i n s o m e o th e r fo rm i n which th e y are n o l o n g e r m e t
,

with ; alth o u g h it d o e s n o t a pp e a r th a t t h e arra n g e m e n t

wa s i n c o m p a tibl e w ith th e i r ex i s t en c e a s s ep a ra t e
wo rk s ; f o r t h e Vi sh n u P uran a which i s o u r a u th o rity ,

f o r th e fo u r S amhit as gi v e s u s al s o th e u s u al e n u
, , ,

m e ra t i o n o f th e s e v er a l P u ran a s .

Th ere i s a n o th e r cl a ss ific ati o n o f th e Pura n a s all u d e d ,

t o i n th e M at s y a P uran a a n d s p e cifi e d by th e P a d m a
'

,
.

B o ok C h pt a er III .
2
B o ok I .
,
C h pta er I .
XX PRE FA CE
P u ra n a ,
but m o re d e s erv i ng o f n o
fully . It is n ot u n

tic e a s it exp re s se s the O pin i o n which n ativ e w riters

,

e n t e rt a i n o f th e s c o p e o f t h e P ur a n a s a n d o f th e i r r e ,

c o g n izin g th e s u b s erv i en c e o f th e s e w o rk s t o th e d is
s e m i n ati o n o f s e ct ar i a n p r i n cipl es Thu s it i s s a i d i n .
,

th e U tta ra K h a n d a o f th e P a d m a th at th e P u ra n a s ,

a s well a s o th er w ork s a r e d i v id e d i n t o th r ee cl a s se s
, ,

a cc o r d i ng t o th e q u aliti e s which p re v a il i n th em Th u s .

th e Vi sh n u N ara d iy a B h ag a v a t a G aru d a P a d m a a n d
, , , , ,

Varaha P u ra n a s a re S attwika o r p u re fro m th e p re ,

d om i n an c e i n th em o f th e S attwa q u ality o r th at o f
, , ,

g o o d ne ss an d p u r ity Th ey are i n fa ct, Vai sh n av a Pu .

,

r a n as T h e M ats y a Knrm a L i n g a S iv a S k an d a an d
.
, , , , ,

A g n i P u ra n as are T am a s a or P ura n a s o f d a rk n es s , ,

‘
fro m th e p rev al en c e o f th e q u ality o f T a m a s i gn o ,

r an c e
‘
gl o o m Th ey a re i n d i sp u t ably S a i v a P uran a s
’
,
’
.
, ,
.

T h e thi r d s e ri e s c o m p ri s i n g th e B ra h m an d a B rah m a
, ,

V a i va rta, Markand ey a, Bhav i s hy a , V am an a, a n d Bra h m a

P u ran a s d e s ig nate d a s R aj a s a p a s s i o n ate fro m

,
ar e ,
‘ ’
,

R aj a s th e p ro p erty o f p a s s i o n which th ey a re s u p
, ,

p o se d t o r ep re s en t T he M at sy a d o e s n o t sp e cify.

which a re th e P ur an a s th at c o m e u n d er th es e d e sig na
ti o n s bu t rem ark s j th at th o s e i n which th e Mah atm y a
,
'

C h pt X LII
a er

m fi fij m érs i
‘ “
‘r
’

n s E FT- é‘
W
“

e i n

s uit e at ae rate W ma
o

fi
“

a n

m mm mfit fi rfiw fi w fi fi l
M wfi fi fi afia a u
a fi afi
“fi wam fi x rai n a m fi fi fi fiw u
l
‘'
Ch pt a er LII
 PRE FA C E . X XI

of H ari o r Vi sh n u p rev a il s are S attwika ; th o s e i n wh i ch

th e l e g en d s o f A g n i o r S i v a p re d o m i na t e a re T am as a ;
a n d th o s e which d well m os t o n th e st o ri es o f B rah m a

a re R a j a sa I h av e el s ewh e re st at e d th at I c o n si d ere d
.
1

th e R aj a sa P u ra n a s t o l ean t o th e S akt a d iv i s i o n o f t he
H in d u s th e wo rshipp ers o f S akti or th e fem al e p rin
,

ci
p l e; fo u n di n g thi s o pi ni o n o n the ch ara cter o f th e
l eg en d s which s o m e of th em c o nt a i n s u ch a s th e D u rg a ,

Mahatm ya or c el eb ra t e d l eg en d o n which th e w o r ship

,

o f D urg a o r K al i i s e s p e ci ally fo un d e d wh ich i s a ,

p ri n cip al epi so d e o f th e Mark a nd ey a T h e B rah m a .

Va iv arta al s o d ev o t es the g reat e s t p o rti o n o f i t s ch ap

t ers t o th e c el eb rati o n o f R adh a th e m i s tre s s o f Kr i sh n a , ,

a n d o th er fe m al e di v i n iti e s C ol o n el Van s K e nn e dy .
,

h o wev er o bj e ct s t o th e a pplic a ti o n o f th e t erm S akt a

,

t o thi s l a s t div i s i o n of th e P u ra n a s ; th e wo r s hip o f

S akti b ei n g th e e sp e ci al o bj e ct of a different cl a s s of
wo rk s th e T a nt ra s ; a n d n o s u ch fo rm of wo rs hip b e i n g
,

p artic u l arly i n c ulc at e d i n th e B rah m a Pa rana ?

Thi s
l a st arg u m en t i s o f weigh t i n r e g ard t o th e p artic u l ar
i n st an c e sp e cifi ed ; an d th e d es ig n ati o n of S akti m ay
n ot be c o rre ctly applic abl e t o th e w h o l e cl a s s alth o u gh ,

it i s t o s o m e o f the s eri e s : f or th e re i s n o i n com p ati -

bi l ity i n th e a d vo c a cy of a T antrika m o d ific ati o n o f

1
A s Re s
.
,
V ol . X VI p .
,
.

2
A si tic Ja o u rn a l M ch
,
ar ,
1 83 7 , p . 241 .

Vol I ,
. . p . 1 2, f ot
o -
t
no e, of the au thor s
’
c ll cti
o e ve pu blic ti
a ons .
XX II PRE FA C E .

th e H in d u ligi o n by any P u ra n a ; a n d it ha s u n qu e s
re ,

ti o n abl y b e e n p ra cti s e d i n w o rk s k n o wn a s U p ap u r ana s

,
.

T h e p r o p er app r o p ri ati o n o f th e th i rd Cl a s s o f th e Pu
ra n a s a cc o r di n g t o th e P a d m a P u r an a
,
a pp e a r s t o be ,

t o th e w o rship o f Kri s h n a n o t i n th e ch ar a c t er i n w hich

,

h e i s rep re s e nt e d i n t h e Vi sh n u a n d B h ag av at a P u ra
—i n which th e i n ci d ents o f hi s b oyh o o d are o nly
a p o rti o n o f h i s bi o g ra p h y a n d i n which th e h u ma n ,

ch ara ct er l a rg ely p articip at e s at l ea s t i n h i s r ip er y e ar s

—but a s th e i nfan t Kri sh n a G ov in d a B al a G op al a th e
, ,

, , ,

s oj o u rn er i n Vrin d av a n a th e c o m p a n i o n o f th e c o w
,

h er d s an d m i lk m a i d s th e l ov er o f R ad h a or a s th e
, ,

j u v e nil e m a s t er of th e u n iv ers e J ag a nn ath a T h e t erm , .

R aj a s a i m plyi ng t he an i m ati o n o f p a s s i o n a n d enj o y

,

m e n t o f s e n s u a l d elight s i s applic abl e n o t o n ly t o th e,

ch ara cter of th e y o u thful div i n ity but t o th o se w i th ,

w h o m h i s a d o rati o n i n th es e fo r m s s e e m s t o h av e
o r igi n at e d th e Go s a in s o f G o k u l a n d B en g al th e f ol
, ,

l o w ers a n d d e s c en d ant s o f Vall abh a an d C h a it any a th e ,

p ri e st s a n d p r o p r i et o r s o f J a ga nn ath a n d Sri n athd war

wh o l e a d a life o f a ffl u en c e a n d i n d ulg e n c e a n d v in ,

d i cat e b o th by p re c ept a n d p ra ctic e th e r e a s o n abl e

, ,

n e ss of th e R a j a s a p r o p erty a n d the c o n g ru ity o f t e m ,

p o ra l e nj o y m en t w ith t he d u ti es o f r eligi o n .
1

T h e P u ran a s a re u n ifo rm ly st at e d t o be e ight een i n

n u m b er I t i s s a id th a t th ere a re al s o eight een U p a
.

p u ra n a s o r m i n o r P uran a s : bu t t h e n a m es o f o nly a
f e w of th e s e a re sp e cifi e d i n th e l ea s t ex c epti o n abl e

A s Res . .
,
V ol . X VI p .
,
.

Co ll ctie ve W orks of Pro fessor W il son , Vol I , p 1 1 9

. . . .
 PRE FA C E . XX III

au th o ritie s ; an d th e g re at er n u m b er of th e wo rk s i s
n o t p ro c urabl e With re g ard t o th e eight e en P ura n a s
.
,

th ere i s a p e c uli a rity i n th e i r sp e cific ati o n which i s ,

p ro o f of a n i n t erferen c e with th e i n te grity o f th e t ex t ,

i n s om e of th e m a t l ea s t ; f o r e a ch o f th em s p e cifi es
,

th e n am e s o f th e wh o l e e ight ee n N o w th e li s t c o u l d .
,

n o t h av e b e en c o m l et e whil s t th e w o rk th a t giv e s it
p
w a s u n fi n i sh e d ; an d i n o n e o n ly th e re fo re th e l as t o f , ,

th e s eri es h av e w e a right t o l o ok f or it A s h o w ev er
‘

, .
, ,

th ere a re m o re l a s t wo rd s th an o n e it i s ev i d en t th a t ,

th e n a m e s m u s t h av e b een i n s e rt e d i n al l ex c ept o n e ,

a ft e r th e wh o l e w e re c o m pl e t e d Which o f th e e igh t een .

i s th e ex c epti o n a n d t r uly th e l a st th ere i s n o cl u e t o

, ,

di s c o v er ; and th e sp e cific ati o n i s p ro b ably an i nt er , ,

o l ati o n i n m o s t if n o t i n all
p , , .

T he n am es th at are sp e cifi e d a re c o m m o n ly t h e
s a m e a n d a r e a s fo ll o ws : 1
,
B rahm a 2 P ad m a 3 V ai .
,
.
,
.

shnav a 4 S a iv a 5 B h ag av a t a 6 N ara d i y a 7 Mar

,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.

k a nd ey a , 8 . Ag n ey a ,
9 Bh av i shy a , 1 0
. . B r ah m a Va i
v ar a , t 1 1 . La in g a, 1 2 Var aha , 1 3 S k an d a, 1 4 V am a n a ,
. . .

1 5 . K a u rm a ,
1 6 . M at sy a ,
1 7 . G aru d a ,
1 8 . B rah m an d a '

.
1

Thi s is fro m th e twelfth b o o k o f th e B h ag av ata an d ,

o cc u rs i n th e Vi s h n u
2
i s th e s am e as In o th e r a u th o ri .

T he n a m es a re
pu t a tt ib ti ly ; th
r u ve e n o un su b t ti s an ve ,
Pu
ra n a bi e n
g u n d er s t ood . Th V i h n
us a s ava n i
'

Pu ra n a m m e a n s th e
P ura n a of Vi sh nu ; Sai va mP ura na m ,
the P ur a na of Si v a ; B rah
m a m Pu ra n a m , th e P ur a n a o f B ra h ma . It
q lly c ct is e ua o rre ,
a nd

m o re c om mon to use th e t w o su b t ti
s an i pp iti ve s n a os on ,
as

Vi sh nu P ura na , Si va P u r a na , &c . I thn i g i l S k it

e or na ans r th e

n o u ns c mp d d
a re Vi hn o ou n e ,
as s u- p &
u ra n a b t it h ,
c : . u as no t

b een c t m y t c m bi th m i
us o ar o o ne e ,
n th i E pe r h p u ro ean s a e .

2
B k III C h pt
oo VI .
,
a er .
XX V I PRE FA C E .

ti es th e re i ti o ns T h e li s t o f th e Knrm a
a re a fe w v ar a .

P uran a o m it s th e A g n i P u ra n a an d s u b stit u t e s th e ,

V ay u T h e A g n i l eav e s o ut th e S iv a an d in sert s th e
.
,

V ay u T h e Varaha o m it s th e G ar u d a an d B ra h m an d a
.
,

a n d i n s e rt s th e V ay u a n d N ara s i ni h a : i n thi s l a s t it i s
'

s i n g ul a r T h e Mark a nd ey a a gr ee s w ith th e Vi sh n u a n d
.

B h ag av ata i n o m ittin g th e V ay u T he M at sy a lik e

,
.
,

t h e A g n i l e av e s o u t t h e S i v a
,
.

S o m e o f th e P uran a s a s th e A g n i Mat sy a gl B h ag a , ,
'

v at a : a n d P a d m a
,
al so p a rtic u l a r iz e t h e n u m b e r o f ,

s t a n z a s w h i ch e a ch o f t h e e ight e e n c o n t ai n s In o n e .

o r t wo i n s t a n c es th ey d i s a g re e ; bu t i n g en ei al th ey , ,

T he a gg re g at e i s s t a t e d a t
'

conc ur . s l ok a s o r ,

li n e s T h ese are fabl e d t o be but an abrid g .

m e n t ; th e wh o l e a m o u n t b e i n g a k ro re o r t en m illi o n s

P f ro ess or W il s on 5 MS has N .
W T bu t fo ur MS S . th t
a

Ih c av e o ns u lt ed h av e WW TQ QI . A nd the l tta e r rea d ng i i s to

b p f
e re erre d . T he K ur ma p f ro es s es ,
at t he e nd of i ts li t f th P
s o e u

ra na s ,
to h ave e nu m era e d t e i ght ee n ; a nd , u n es s l it nam es b t h th d
o e a

a nd it m t b t
t he A g n i , t e nu era es u s ev e n e e n .

I T h p tic l f m th M t y will b f d i n the s e qu e l

‘'
e ar u ars ro e a s a e ou n .

T he c m p t ti f th Bhag t o X II 1 3 u a on o e a va a , .
, ,
4 -
8 , is as foll ow s:

B hm ra t z P dm
a, I i hn s a n as ; a a, f
'
s u, Si va ,

Ma rka nd eya
'

N ara da ,
'

Bhag a va ta , , A g ni ,
Bha v is hya ,
B r a hma -
va i c a rl a , Li ng a , Va raha ,
S ka nd a , Vama na , Ku rma ,
’

Il l a l s a ,
’
y
Ga ra ci a , Br a hma/26 m, T he t o tal i s
T he Bhag a v a ta here c ll
a s the A gni a nd the Ga r ud a by the nam es of

t ha a nd S a up a rna
—
.

T he D eo i Nzag a va ta s u s
'
-

b tit t i pl c u es , n a e of the S iva , the Vay u , a nd

i
as s g ns to s a n as it t z F th it gi . ur e r, ves to the Ag ni ,
to
the S ka nd a , a nd to the Br a nmanil a , -

T he Reuri md/«i l mya -

l
a so has , i t ns ead o f S i va , Vay u , bu t re ko ns c it
at co u pl t e s ; a nd it li k wi e se a ll o ws to the A g n i T o the .

S ha nd a it gi ves and to the Bra hma nd a ,

'
’

Fo r f th d t il
ur er e a s , s ee Burnou t’
s editi on of t he Bhag a va ta p ur a n a , -

V ol I . .
, P f c pp xxx
re a e , . L v1 -
Lx x x 1 x ,
f t t
oo -
no e .
XX VI PRE FA C E .

c o m p et en t a s s i st an c e by which I m a d e a m i n u te ah
,

St ra ct o f m o s t o f th e P u r an a s In c o u rs e o f ti m e I .

h o p e t o pl a c e a t ol erably c o pi o u s a n d Co nn e ct ed an a
ly s i s o f t he wh o l e e igh t een b efo re O ri ent al s ch o l ars ,

a nd ,
i n th e m eanwhil e o ffer a b ri e f n o tic e o f th ei r
,

s ev e r a l c o n t e n t s .

In g en eral th e en u m era ti o n o f th e P u ran a s i s a

,

s i mpl e n o m en cl a t u re w ith th e a d d iti o n i n s o m e c a se s

, , ,

o f t h e n u m b er o f v e rs es ; bu t t o th e s e th e M a t s y a Pu
"
r an a j o i n s the m en ti o n o f o n e o r t wo cir c u m st an c e s
p e c u li a r t o e a ch which alth o u gh s c a nty are o f v al u e
, , , ,

a s Offer i n g m e an s o f i d e n tifyi n g t h e c o pi es o f t h e Pu

r an a s n o w fo u n d w ith th o s e t o which t h e M a t sy a r e

fers o r o f d i s c o v eri n g a d iff eren c e b etwe en th e p res en t

,

a n d th e p a s t I sh all th erefo re p refi x th e p assag e d e

.
,

s c riptiv e o f e a ch P u ra n a fr o m th e M a t s y a ,
I t i s n eces .

s a ry t o r e m a rk h o w ev e r ,
t hat i n th e c o m p ari s o n i n
, ,

s tit u t e d b e t we e n th a t d es cr ipti o n an d t h e P u r an a a s it

ex i s t s I n e c ess arily r e fer t o th e c o py o r c o pi e s which

,

I em pl o y e d f o r t h e p u rp o s e o f ex a m in ati o n a n d an a
ly s i s a n d which were p ro c u re d w ith s o m e t ro u bl e an d
, ,

c o s t i n B en are s a n d C alc utt a In s o m e i n sta n c es m y

,
.

m an u s cript s h av e b e e n c o ll a t e d w ith o th e rs fro m d if

f eren t p art s o f I n di a ; a n d th e r e s u lt h as s h o wn th at ,

w ith r e g ard a t l e as t t o th e B ra h m a Vi s h n u V ay u , , ,

M at s y a P a d m a B h ag av a t a an d Karm a P ur an a s th e
, , , ,

s a m e wo rk s i n all e ss en ti a l r e sp e ct s a re g e n e ra lly c ur
, ,

r e n t u n d er t he s a m e a pp ell a ti o n s W h eth er thi s i s i n .

v a ri ably th e c a se m a b e d o u bt e d ; a n d fu rth er i nq u i ry
y ,

may p o s s ibly sh o w th at I h av e b een o blig e d t o con

Cha pt LI I
er .
 PRE FA C E . XX VI I

ten t m y s elf w ith m u til a t e d th en tic wo rk s I t o r u na u .

1

i s with thi s r eserv a ti o n th e re fo re th at I m u s t be u n , ,

d er st o o d t o s p e ak o f th e c o n c u rren c e o r d i s a g reem en t
o f an
y P ura n a with t h e n o tic e o f it w hich t h e M a t s y a

P u ran a has p re s erv e d .

1 B r ah m a P ur a n a Th a t th e wh ol e o f which wa s “
.
.
,

fo rm erly rep e at e d by B rahm a t o M ari chi i s call e d th e ,

B rahm a P u ran a an d c o n t ain s t en th o u s an d s t a nz a s

,
.

In al l th e li sts o f th e P u ran a s th e B rah m a i s pl a c e d ,

a t th e h e a d o f th e s e ri e s an d i s th en c e s o m eti m e s , , ,

al s o e n titl e d th e Ad i o r
‘
fir s t P ur an a I t i s al s o d e
“
’
.

s ign a t e d a s t h e S a u ra ; a s it i s i n g r e a t p art app r o p r i a te d , ,

‘
t o th e wo r ship o f S nry a th e T h e r e a re h o w , ,

e v e r w o rk s b e a ri n g th e s e n am e s w hich b el o n g t o th e
,

cl as s o f U p ap u rana s an d wh i ch are n o t t o be co n ,

fo u n d e d w ith th e B rahm a I t i s u s u ally s ai d a s ab ov e .

, ,

t o c o n t a i n t en th o u s a n d Sl o k a s ; but th e n u m b er a ct u
a lly o cc u rr i n g i s b e t ween s ev e n a n d e igh t t h o u s a n d .

Th ere i s a s u ppl e m en t ary o r c o n cl u d i n g s e cti on c all e d ,

th e Brah m o tt a ra P u ran a a n d wh ich i s d i ffe re n t fro m ,

a p o rti o n o f t h e S k an d a c all e d t h e Brah m o tt ar a K h a n d a ,

wh ich c o n t a i n s a b o u t th ree th o u s an d st an z a s m o r e But .

Up o n ex am i ni ng l ti f d i ff tp g f m th e t ra n s a ons o er en a ss a es ro

th Pe
gi
ur a n a s by C l l V K d y i th w k m
,
ve n o one a ns e nn e n e or en

ti one d i f m
n a t ord c m p i g t h m w it h th t x t f th
er n o e , a n o ar n e e e o e

m c ipt I h c lt d I fi d ch
anu s r s ave
g m t o nsut e ,
n su an a re e en as o

w t th b li f th t th i
a r ra n e e e ti l d i ff c b tw
,
a ere s no e s s en a er e n e e een

th e c pi i hi p
o es i
n d i mi s Th i ti which
os s es s o n an n ne . e v ar e es

o cc i th MS S f th E t I d i C mp y L ib y w ill b
ur n e . o e as n a o an
’
s ra r e

no t ic d i
e th t xt
n e e .
XX VIII PRE FA CE .

th e re is
y rea s o n t o c o n cl u d e th at thi s i s a di sti n ct
e v er

a n d u n c o n n e ct e d w o rk .

T h e i m m e di a t e n a rrat o r of th e B rah m a P u ra n a i s
Lo m ah arsh a na wh o c o m m u n ic at es it t o th eR i shi s o r
,
.

s a g e s a s s e mbl e d a t N a i m i sh ara n y a a s it w as o rigi n a lly ,

r ev e al e d by B rah m a n o t t o M ari chi a s t h e M a t s y a af , ,

fi rm s bu t t o Dak s ha a n o th er of th e p a tri arch s H en c e

, ,
.

i ts d en o m i n ati o n o f th e B ra h m a P u ran a .
.

T h e e a rly ch apt ers o f th i s w o rk giv e a d e s cripti o n

o f th e c r e ati o n a n a cc o u n t o f t h e Ma n w a nt ara s
,
an d ,

th e h i s t o ry o f t h e s o l ar a n d l u n ar d y n as ti e s t o th e ti m e
o f K ri sh n a i n a s u m m ar y m a nn er a n d i n w o r d s w hich
, ,

a re c o m m o n t o it a n d s ev er al o th er P u ra n a s A b r i ef .

d e s c ripti o n of th e u n i v erse s u cc ee d s ; a n d th en c om e
a n u m b er o f ch apt e r s r el a ti n g t o th e h o li n es s o f O r i s s a ,

w ith i ts t e m pl e s a n d s a c re d g rov e s d e d ic a t e d t o th e
s un t o S iv a a n d J a g a nn ath a th e l att er e sp e ci ally
, , ,
.

Th ese ch apters are ch ara ct eri s tic o f thi s P uran a an d ,

s h o w i t s m a i n o bj e ct t o be th e p ro m o ti o n o f th e wo r

sh ip o f K ri sh n a a s J a ga nn ath a
1
T o th ese p a rtic u l ars .

C l
l V K d y Obj ct t thi ch ct f th B h m
o o ne a ns e nn e e s o s a ra er o e ra a

P anur d b a, th t it c t i
an o ly tw h t d c ipti
s e rv e s a o n a ns on o s or es r o ns

f p g d f K nad i ty th f J g ath I '

o a th
o as ,
th e o ne o o a ,
e o er o a a nn a . n

th t c
a hi
as e py m t d i ff c i d bly f m th I h
,
s Co us er o ns e ra ro os e av e

m t w it h ; f
e i t h m th d c ipti o
o r, f P n h tt m K h t
e ,
e es r n o u ru s o a a s e ra ,

th h ly l
e od f O i an th gh f ty ch pt
o r ss a , th i dr u ns ro u or a ers , o r o n e r

of th w k e T h d c ipti
or .it i t i i t
e p d i th
es r on ,
s r ue , s n er s e rs e ,
n e

u sual m bli g t i f th P
ra n withs ra n i ty f l g d o e ur a n a s ,
a v ar e o e en s,

som eci t m m d ; b t th y
an en ,
soi t d d t ill t t
e o er n u e a re n en e o u s ra e

som l c l ci c m t
e o c a d th f
r u t i c m p tibl w ith
s an e, a n a re , e r e o re , no n o a e

th m i
e d ig a n th c l b ti
es f th g l
n, f P h tt m
e e e ra on o e o ri e s o u ru s o a a

K h t
s e raTh p cific ti
. f th t m pl
e s f J g
e ath h w
a on o e e e o a ann a, o
 PRE FA CE . XX X I

su cc eed s a life o f Kri sh n a which i s wo rd f o r w o rd th e , ,

s a m e a s th a t o f th e Vi s h n u P ura n a ; a n d th e c o m pil a

ti o n t erm i n at e s w ith a p artic ul a r d eta il o f th e m o d e i n

which Y o g a o r c o n t e m pl ati v e d ev o ti o n th e o bj e ct o f ,

which i s s till Vi sh n u i s t o be p e rfo rm e d Th ere i s ,

.

littl e i n thi s which c o rresp o n d s with th e d efi niti o n o f

, ,

a P a n ch a l a k s h a na P u r an a ; a n d t h e m e n ti o n o f t h e
-

t e m pl es o f O ri s s a th e d at e o f th e o rigin al c o n str u cti o n

,

1
o f wh ich i s r e c o r d e d sh o ws th a t i t c o u l d n o t h a v e ,

b een c o m pil e d e a rli e r th an th e thi rt e en th o r fo urt ee n th

c e n t ury .

T he U ttara K h a n d a o f t he B ra h m a P ur an a b ears st ill

m o re en ti rely th e ch ara ct e r o f a Mah at m ya o r l o c a l
l e g en d ; b ei n g i n t en d e d to c el eb rat e th e s an ctity o f th e
B al aj a riv er c o nj e ct ure d t o be th e sam e a s th e B an as
,

i n M arwar Th ere i s n o cl u e t o i t s d a t e : bu t it i s cl e arly

.

m o d e rn ; g ra fti n g p ers o n a g e s a n d ficti o n s o f i t s o wn i n

v en t i o n o n a f e w hi n t s fr o m o l d e r a u th o riti es .

2 Pa d m a Pur ana
. Th at which c o n t a i n s an a cc o u nt
.
“

o f th e p e ri o d wh e n th e w o rld wa s a g o l d e n l o t o s

( p ad m a
) a n d o f a l l th e o cc u rre n c e s o f th a t ti m e
, i s , ,

th e re fo re c all e d the P ad m a by the w i s e I t c o n t a i n s

, .

”
fifty fiv e th o u s a n d s ta n z a s
-
T h e s e c o n d P uran a i n .
3
,

e v er ,
is , of it l f se ,
su ffici e nt ,
i n my o pi i
n on
,
to d e t i
erm ne th e

ch a ra ct er a nd e ra of th e c m pil ti
o a on .

See A cc oun t of Or i P p
ss a ro er ,
or C tt ck by A
u a ,
. S ti lir n
g,
E sq . : A i tic R s a es ,
V ol . X V p 3 05
.
,
. .

2
S A aly si
ee n s of th e B ra hm a P u ra a : n J o u rn R o y a l
. A s Soc
. .
,

V ol V . .
,
p . 65 .

F l ea m a n s u m1sl
a ew s
t n
agf um zi Hemm fim a fit an :
'

n
ma a mm a wse mfis was 1
XX X PRE FA C E

th e u su a l li sts i s al way s th e P ad m a a v ery v o l um i n o u s

, ,

W o rk c o n t a i n i n g a cc o rd i n g t o it s o wn s tat em en t a s
, , ,

w ell a s t h a t o f o th er a u th o ri t i es fi fty l fiv e th o u s a n d ,
-

'

s l o k a s ; a n a m o u n t n o t f a r fro m th e t r u th Th ese are .

d i v i d e d a mon g s t fiv e b o o k s o r K h a n d a s ; 1 T h e S r1 sht 1
,
.

Kha n d a o r s e cti on o n c re ati o n ; 2 T h e Bhnm i K h a n d a .

,

d es c ripti o n o f th e e arth ; 3 T h e S w ar g a K h a n d a ch a p
.
,

t e r o n he a v e n ; 4 P at al a K h a n d a ch a pt e r o n th e r e
.
,

gi o n s b el o w th e ea rth ; a n d 5 th e Utta ra K ha n d a l a s t .
,

o r s u ppl e m e n t a ry c h a pt e r Th ere i s al s o c urren t a.

s i x th d i v i s i o n th e Kriy a Y o g a S ara a t re ati s e o n th e

, ,

p ra ctice o f d e v o ti o n .

T h e d en o m i n a ti o n s o f th e s e di v i s i o n s o f th e P a d m a
P u ran a c o n v ey bu t a n i m p erfe ct a n d p arti al n o ti o n o f
th e i r c o nt e n t s In th e fi rs t o r s e cti o n w hich t re at s o f
.
,

c re ati o n the n arrat o r i s U g ras rav a s t he S nta th e s o n

’

, , ,

o f Lo m ah arsh a n a w h o i s s e n t by h i s fath er t o t he
, , ,

R i sh i s at N a i m i sh ara n y a t o c o m m u nic at e t o th e m th e
,

P u ran a w hich fr o m i t s c o ntai n i n g a n a cc o u nt o f th e

, ,

l ot o s (p a d m a) i n which B rah m a a pp e a re d a t c re a ti o n ,

i s t e rm e d th e P ad m a o r P a d m a P u ran a T he S ata r e
, .

p e a ts wh a t w a s o r igi n ally c o m m u n ica te d by B rah m a

t o Pul a s ty a a n d by h i m t o Bh i sh m a T h e e a rly ch a p
,
.

t e rs n arra t e th e c o s m o g o n y a n d th e g en e al o gy o f th e ,

p a tri arch al fa m i l i e s m u ch i n th e s am e s tyl e a n d o ften

, ,

i n t h e s a m e wo r d s a s th e Vi s hnu ; a n d s h o rt a cc o u n t s
,

o f th e Ma n w a n tara s a n d r e g a l d y n a s ti e s : bu t th e s e ,

which a r e l e giti m at e Pa u ranik m att ers s o o n m ak e w a y ,

f o r n ew a n d u n a u th e ntic i n v e n ti o n s ill u s t ra ti v e o f th e ,

v i rt u e s o f t h e l a k e o f Pu shk ara o r Po kh e r i n Aj m i r , ,

a s a pl a c e o f pilg ri m ag e .

T h e Bhnm i Kh a n d a o r s e cti o n o f th e e arth d efe rs

'

, ,
 PRE FA CE . X XX I

an d e s c ripti o n o f th e e a rth u n til n e ar i t s cl o s e ; filli n g

y
o n e h u n d re d a n d t we n ty s ev e n ch a pt e rs with l e
u
p
-

e n d s o f a v e ry m i x e d d es c r ipti o n s o m e a n ci e n t a n d
g , ,

c o m m o n t o o th er P u ran a s bu t th e g re a te r p a rt p e c u li a r
,

t o it s elf ill u s tra tiv e o f T i rth a s e ith er fig u rativ ely s o

t erm e d —a s a wife a p a re n t o r a G u ru c o n s i d e re d a s
, ,
'

, , , ,

a s a c re d o bj e ct —o r pl a c e s t o w hich a ct u al p ilg ri m ag e
,

s h o u l d be p e rfo r m e d .

T h e S wa rg a K h a n d a d e s crib e s i n th e fi rs t ch a pt e rs , ,

t h e r e l a ti v e p o s iti o n s o f th e L o ka s o r s ph e r e s ab o v e
t h e e a rth ; pl a ci n g a b o v e a l l V a i k u nth a th e s p h e re o f
, ,

Vi s hn u : a n a d d iti o n which i s n o t w a rra nt e d by w h at

a pp e a rs t o be t h e O l d e s t c o s m o l o gy M i s c ell a n eo u s 1
.

n o tic e s o f s o m e o f th e m o s t c el eb r a t e d p ri n c e s th e n

s u cc ee d c o n fo r m a bly t o th e u s u a l n arra ti v e s ; a n d th e s e
,

ar e fo l l o w e d b r ul es o f c o n d u ct f o r t h e s ev e ral c a s t e s
y ,

a n d a t d i ff e r e n t s t a g es of life T he re s t o f th e b o o k i s
.

o cc u pi e d by l e g e n d s o f a d i v e r s ifi e d d e s c ripti o n i n t r o ,

d u ce d with o u t m u ch m e th o d o r c o n t r iv a n c e ; a f e w o f
w hich a s D a k sh a s sa crific e a re o f a n ci en t d a t e bu t
’
, , ,

o f w hich th e m o s t a r e o rigi n a l a n d m o d e rn .

T h e P at al a K h a n d a d ev o t e s a b r i e f i n tr o d u cti o n t o
th e d e s c ripti o n o f P at al a th e r e gi o n s o f t h e s n a k e
,

ods Bu t th e n a m e o f R am a h av i n g b ee n m e nti o n e d
g
.
, ,

S e s h a who h a s s u cc ee d e d Pu l as ty a a s s p o k e sm a n
,

p ro c e e d s t o n ari at e th e hi s to ry o f R am a hi s d e s c e n t , ,

a n d h i s p o s t e r ity ; i n wh ich t h e c o m pil er s ee m s t o h a v e

t ak en th e p o e m o f K ali d as a th e R a gh u Va ins a f or hi s
'

, ,

chi ef a u tho rity A n o r igi n ality o f a d d iti o n m ay be s u s

.

p e ct e d ,h o w ev er i n th e a d v en t u res o f t h e h o r s e d e s
,

See B o o k II Cha pt er V II
.
,
.
XXX II PRE FACE

ti ned by R am a fo r a n ASw a m e dh a which fo rm th e ,

s u bj e ct o f a g re a t m a n y c h apt e rs W h e n ab o u t t o be
.

s a c rific e d th e h o rs e t u r n s o u t t o be a B ra h m a n c o n
, ,

d em n e d by a n i m p re c ati o n o f D u rv as a s a s a g e t o a s
, , ,

s u m e t h e e q u i n e n at u re a n d wh o
,
by ha v i ng b e en
,

s a n ctifi e d by c o n n e x i o n w ith R am a i s r el e a se d fr o m
,

hi s m eta m o rph o s i s a n d d e s p a tch e d a s a s pi r it o f light

, , ,

t o h e av e n T h i s pi e c e o f V a i sh n a v a ficti o n i s fo ll o we d
.

by p ra i s es o f the Sri B h ag a v a t a a n a cc o u nt o f Kri sh n a s

,
’

j u v en iliti e s an d th e m e rit s o f w o rs hippi n g Vi sh n u

,
.

Th e s e a cc o u nt s a re c o m m u nic a te d th ro u gh a m a chi n ery

b o rro we d from th e T a ntra s : th ey are t o ld by S a d aSiv a
t o P arv at i th e o rdi n ary i n t e rl o c u t o rs o f T ant rik a c o m
,

p o siti o n s .

T h e Utt ara K h a n d a i s a m o s t v o l u m i n o u s a gg re g a
ti o n o f v ery h etero g en e o u s m atte rs ; but it i s c o n s i s te n t
i n a d o pti n g a d e ci d e d ly V a i sh n av a t o n e a n d a d m itti n g
,

n o c o m p r o m i s e w ith a n o th e r fo r m o f fa ith T h e chi ef

y .

s u bj e ct s are fi rs t d i s c u s s e d i n a d i al o g u e b e tw e e n ki n g

D il i p a a n d t h e M u n i Va s i sh th a ; s u ch a s th e m e rit s o f
b athin g i n t h e m o u th o f M agh a a n d th e p o t e n cy o f
,

th e M a nt ra o r p ra y e r a d d re s s e d t o L a k sh m i N ar ay a n a
Bu t th e n a t u re o f B h akti fa i th i n Vi s h n u —th e u s e o f
,

V i hn v
a s a a m a r s o —
k n th e b o d y th e l eg en d s o f Vi sh n u s ’

A v at ara s a n d e sp e ci a lly o f R am a —a n d th e c o n s t ru e
ti o n o f i m ag e s o f Vi sh n u —are t o o i m p o rtan t t o be
,

l eft t o m o rt al d i s c reti o n Th e y a re e xpl a i n e d by S iv a

.

t o P arv a t i a n d w o u n d u p by th e a d o ra ti o n o f Vi sh n u
,

by th o se d iv i n iti e s T h e d i al o g u e th e n r e v e rt s t o th e
.

ki n g a n d th e s a g e ; a n d th e l atter s tat e s why Vi sh n u i s

t h e o n ly o n e o f th e t ri a d e n titl e d t o r e s p e ct ; S iv a b e i n g
lice nti o u s B rah m a a rr o g an t a n d Vi sh n u al o n e p u re
, ,
.
XXX IV PRE FA CE

c omm en d the u se o f the fro nta l an d o th er Va i s h n av a

m ark s ; a n d th ey n o tic e o th er s u bj e ct s which l i k e th e s e , ,

ar e o f n o r e m o t e o r igi n T h e P at al a K h a n d a d well s.

c o pi o u sly u p o n th e B h ag av a ta an d i s c o n s e q u ently , , ,

p o s t eri o r t o it T h e Utta ra Kh a n d a i s i n t o l era n tly

.

Va i sh n av a a n d 1 s th e ref0 1 e u n qu e s ti o n ably m o d ern

, , ,
.

I t enj o i ns the v en erati on of th e S al a g ram a st o n e an d

T u l a s i pl an t th e u s e o f th e T a pta—
,
m u d i a o r s t a m pi n g ,

w ith a h o t i r o n t h e n a m e o f Vi s h n u 0 1 1 th e s ki n a n d a ,

v ar i ety o f p ra ctic e s a n d O b se rv a n c e s u n d o u bt e d ly n o

p art o f th e o rigin al sy s te m I t sp ea k s o f th e s h ri n e s .

o f Sr i ra n a a n d V e nk atad r i i n th e D ekh i n t em pl e s th a t
g ,

h av e n o p ret e n s i o n t o r e m o te a n tiq u ity ; a n d it n a m e s

H arip u ra o n th e T u n gabh a d ra which i s i n al l lik eliho o d , , ,

th e city o f Vij ay a n ag ara fo u n d e d i n th e m i d d l e o f th e

.
,

fo u rt e en th c en t u ry T he Kriy a Y o g a S ara i s e qu ally

.

a m o d e rn a n d a pp a re n tly a B e n g a li c o m p o s iti o n
, , No ,
.

p o rti o n o f th e P a d m a P u ran a i s p ro b ably o ld er th an , ,

t h e t w elfth c en t u ry ; a n d th e l a s t p a rt s m ay be a s r e c en t
l
a s th e fift e e n th o r s ix t e e n th
’
.

3 Vi sh n u P u r a n a Th a t i n wh ich Par a s a ra b e gi n
“
. .
,

ni n g with t he ev e n t s o f th e Va rah a K alp a ex p o u n d s ,

al l d u ti e s i s c all e d th e V a i s h n a v a : a n d th e l e arn e d k n o w
,
”
i t s ex t en t t o be twe n ty th re e th o u s an d s ta n z a s -
T he ?

T he g ro u n d s o f th es e c cl i
on u s o ns a re m o re p tic l ly
ar u ar

de t il
a ed i n m
y na s A ly i s of the P a dm a P n
u ra a : J R
. . As . S oc .
,

V ol V. .
,
p . 2 80 .

2
am w mnfid fi w uv l
w w u fimfi m fim fi g z n
is as a a es s ec

a a as a x a a

m a m fm
as- m? fi g ém
 P RE FA CE . XXX V .

thi rd P ura n a o f t he li s t s i s th a t which h a s b een s el e cte d

fo r tran sl a ti o n th e Vi sh n u I t it u n n e c es s ary th ere
,
.
,

fo r e t o o ffer a ny g e n eral s u m m ary o f it s c o n t ent s ; a n d

,

it w ill be c o n v e n i en t t o r e serv e any rem ark s u p on its

ch ara cter a n d p r o b abl e a n tiq u ity f o r a s ub s e q u en t p a g e ,
.

I t m ay h e re be o b s e rv e d h o we v er th at th e a ct u a l , ,

n u m b e r o f v ers e s c o n t a i n e d i n it f all s f a r s h o rt o f th e

e n u m e ra ti o n o f th e M a t s y a w ith w h ich th e B h ag a v a t a
,

c o n c u rs It s a ct u al c o nt en t s a re no t s ev e n th o u s a n d
.

t
s an asz Al l th e
. c o pi e s — a n d i n th i s i n s t a n c e th e y a re
,

n o t fe we r th a n s ev e n i n n u m b e r — p ro c u re d b o th i n
,

th e e a s t a n d i n t h e w e s t o f I n di a a g re e ; a n d th e re i s ,

n o a pp e ara n c e o f a n p a rt b e i n g w a n ti n g Th e re i s a
y .

b e ginn i n g a m i d dl e a n d a n e n d i n b o th t ex t an d co m
, , ,

m en t ; a n d th e w o rk a s it s t a n d s i s i n c o n t es t ably
, , , ,

e n ti re . Ho w i s th e d i s crep a n cy t o be ex pl a in e d ?
4 V ay u P ura n a
. T h e P ura n a i n w hich V ay u h a s
.
“

d e cl ar e d th e l a w s o f d u ty i n c o n n ex i o n w ith th e S wet a
,

K alp a an d which c o m pri s e s th e Mah at my a o f R u d ra

, ,

i s th e V a a v i a P u ra n a : it c o n t a i n s t we n ty fo u r th o u
y y
-

”
sand v ei ses T h e S i v a o r S a i v a P u r a n a i s a s ab o v e
.
1
,

r e m ark e d o m itt e d In so m e o f th e li s t s ; a n d m g e n e 1 a ]
, , ,

wh e n t ha t i s th e ca s e it i s repl a c e d by t he V ay u o r
,

Vay a v i y a Wh e n th e S i v a i s s p e cifi e d a s i n th e Bh a
.
,

av a t a th e n t he V ay u i s o m itt e d i n ti m a ti n g t h e
g , p os

s ibl e id e n tity o f th e s e t wo wo rks l Thi s i n d e e d i s ' ‘

, ,

S ee p X . X IV . su
p ra
.

i i
1 T h s den tity i i ti ctly
s d s n as ser ed t i nthe Revd ma hd l mya ,
-
'

as f ll ow
o s

R
C
X XX VI PRE FA C E .

c o nfi rm e d by th e M a t sy a
d es crib es th e V ay a ,
wh ich
5 i a Pu r a n a a s ch ara ct eriz e d by i ts a cc o u n t o f h e g re a t
v
y t
n ess o f R u d ra o r S i v a : a n d B al a m B h a tta m e nti o n s 1
,

t h at t he V ay a v i y a i s a l s o c a ll e d t h e S a iv a th o u gh a c , ,

c ordi n g t o s o m e th e l att er i s th e nam e o f an U p ap u ra n

,

C o l o n e l V a n s K en n e dy o b s erv es th at i n th e w e s t o f , ,

I n d ia th e S a i v a i s co ns i d ere d t o be an U p a o r m i n o r
‘ '
’

P u ra n a .
2

p r o o f th at th e s am e w o rk i s i nt en d e d by
A n o th e r
t h e a u th o riti e s h e re fo ll o we d th e Bh ag a v a ta a n d M a t s y a , ,

u n d e r d i ff e r en t a pp ell ati o n s i s th e i r c o n c u rre n c e i n ,

t h e e xt en t o f th e wo rk ; e a ch s p e cifyi n g i t s v e rs e s t o
be tw e n ty fo u r th o u s a n d A c o py o f th e S iv a P u r an a
-
.
,

o f wh ich an i n d e x a n d a n aly s i s h av e b ee n p r ep are d ,

d o es no t c o n t a i n m o re th a n ab o u t s ev en th o u s a n d I t .

c a nno t th erefo re be th e S iv a P u ra n a o f th e Bhaga v ata :

, ,

a n d w e ma s afe ly c o n sid e r th at t o be th e s am e a s th e
y
V ay a v i y a o f th e M at s y a
3
.

C o m m en ar t y on th eMitak s h a ra, V y ava hara K an da .

2
As . Jo u rn , . Mar ch 1 8 3 7 p
, ,
. 242 , no e t .

3
A n ly si s O f
a th e V ay P u ura n a : J ou rn . As . S oc . of B en g a l ,

D e c e mb e r, 1 8 32 .

Er
a ? meat
fi sh are
s
fu aufi fiw fi fi s
‘

II
For cc t of works titl S io a Lag hu si va —
’

a ou n s en ed p u ra n a
- f
a nd
p ura na ,
' -

s ee Ca ta l og . Coal Ma nuscr ip t S a ns or it Pos to ecl i c Bod l ei a n , &c

. .
-
. . . .
, 1 1 3,
1 27, a nd 1 29 .

R eg ard ng i the fi t rs , d es c ibr ed in 1 13 ,

Dr . A f cht b
u re O se rves :
“
De
lib ip q m d l b
ro s o, ue a c e e ra nd u m cu l t u m Lai ngi cu m c ipt
s r um ess e v id es ,

i p
n ti ihil t m
raes e n a n e ere as s ev erav eri m ; ex s p e ct and u m en im es t , d um
d eS k d p an p t
an a ur ae ar e , qu ae Si vam ahatm y a ap p el l atu r , a ccu rat i ora

au d i am u s . Ex
qu o l i bell u m nos ru m t d es u m tum es s e , us quae if n ra

d i cta s u nt, s u s pi cari p oss i s

'

.
 PRE FA CE . XX X VII

T he V ay u P ura n a t by S uta t o the R i shi s

is narra e d , ,

at N a i m i s h ara n a a s it w a s fo r m e rly t o l d a t th e s a m e
y , ,

pl a c e t o s i m il ar p ers o n s by V ay u ; a rep etiti o n o f cir

, ,

c u m s t a n ce s n o t u n ch ara ct e r i s tic o f th e i n art ifi ci a l s tyl e

o f thi s P u r an a I t i s d iv i d ed i n to fo ur P ad as t erm ed
.
, ,

s ev e rally Pra k ri a U o d h at a A n u sh a n a a n d U a
, y p g , g p , ,

sam h ara ; a cl a s s ific a ti o n p e c u li a r t o th i s w o rk Th e s e .

are p r e c e d e d by a n i n d ex o r h e a d s o f ch a pt e r s i n th e

—
, ,

m ann e r o f th e M ah abh ara t a an d Ram ay an a a n o th er

p e c u li arity .

T h e Prak riy a p o rti o n c o nt a i n s bu t a f ew ch apt ers ,

a n d t r e at s chi e fly o f e l e m e n t a l c r e ati o n
, ,
a n d th e fi r s t ,

ev o l u ti o n s o f b e i n g s t o th e s a m e p u rp o r t a s th e Vi s h n u
, ,

bu t i n a m o re o b s c u re a n d u n m e th o dic a l s tyl e T h e .

U p o d g hata th e n c o n ti n u es th e s u bj e ct o f c rea ti o n a n d ,

d e s c rib e s th e v a ri o u s K alp a s o r p e ri o d s d u ri n g which

‘

th e wo rld h a s e x i s t e d ; a g re a t e r n u m b er o f which i s
s p e cifi e d by th e S a i v a th a n by t h e V a i sh n av a P ur an a s
, ,
.

Thi rty th ree are h e 1 e d e s crib e d th e l a st o f which i s

-
,
‘
the S wet a o r whit e K al p a fro m S iv a s b e i n g b o rn i n
’ ’
, ,

it o f a wh ite c o m pl ex i o n T h e g en e al o gi e s o f th e p a
,
.

t ri arch s th e d e s cripti o n o f t h e u n iv ers e an d th e i n ci

, ,

d en t s o f th e fi rst s ix Manw an t ara s ar e al l tre at e d o f i n

thi s p art o f th e w o rk ; but th ey are i n t erm i x e d w ith
l e g en d s a n d p ra i se s o f S iv a a s th e s a crifice o f D ak sh a
, ,

th e Mah e éwara Mah atm y a ,

th e Ni l ak a nth a S t o tra , an d
o th ers . g en eal o gi e s al th o u gh i n th e m a i n th e
T he , , ,

s a m e a s th o s e i n th e V a i s h n a v a P u ra n a s p r e s e n t s o m e ,

v ari a ti o n s A l o n g a cc o u n t o f th e P itri s o r p r o g en it o rs
.

i s al s o p e c u li ar t o thi s P ura n a ; a s a re s t o r i e s o f s o m e
o f th e m o s t c e l eb ra t e d R i s hi s w h o wer e e n g a e d i n th e
g
d i strib u ti o n o f the V e d as .
XX X VIII PRE F A C E .

T he thi r d d iv i s i o n c om m en c e s w it h a n a cc o u n t o f
th e s e v e n R i shi s a n d th ei r d e s c en d an t s a n d d e s c rib e s ,

th e o rigi n o f t h e d iffer e nt cl a s s e s o f c r e at u r e s fr o m th e
d a u ght ers o f D ak sh a w ith a p ro fu s e c o pi o u s n e s s o f
,

o th er P u r an a W
’

n o m en cl at u r e n o t fo u n d i n a n ith
, y .

e x c epti o n o f t h e g reat er m i n u t en e s s o f d e t a il t h e ar
p ,

t i c u l ars a g r e e w ith th o s e o f the Vi s h n u P u ran a A .

ch apt er th e n o cc u r s o n th e wo rship o f th e P itri s ; an o th er ,

o n T i rth a s o r pl a c es s a c r e d t o t h e m ; an d s ev e ra l on ,

th e p erfo rm an c e o f S r ad d h a s c o n s titu ti n g th e S raddh a,

K alp a A fter thi s c om es a full a cc o u nt o f th e s ol ar an d

.

l u n ar dy n a s ti es fo rm i n g a p ar all el t o th a t i n th e f ol
,

l o w i n g p a g es w ith thi s di ffer en c e th at it i s thro u gh o u t

, , , ,

i n v er s e w hil s t th a t o f o u r t ex t a s n o tic e d i n i t s pl a c e
, , ,

i s chi efly i n p ro s e I t i s ex t en d e d al s o by th e i n se rti o n

, ,
.
, ,

o f d e t a il e d a cc o u n t s o f v a r i o u s i n ci d en t s b ri e fly n o tic e d ,

i n th e Vi s h n u th o u g h d er i v e d app are n tly fro m a c o m

, , ,

m o n o rigi n al T h e s e cti o n t erm i n at es w ith s i m il ar

.

a cc o u n t s o f fu t ur e ki n g s a n d th e s am e ch r o n o l o gic a l
,

c alc u l ati o n s th at are fo u n d i n th e Vi sh n u

,
.

T h e l a s t p o rti o n th e U p a s a mh ara d es crib es b ri efly

, ,

t h e fu t ur e Man wan t ara s th e m e a s ures o f sp a c e a n d

,

tim e th e en d o f th e wo rld th e effic a cy of Yo g a a n d th e

, , ,

gl o ri e s o f Siv ap u ra o r th e dwelli n g o f S iv a with wh o m

, ,

th e Y o gi n 1 s t o be u n it e d T h e m a n u s cript c o n cl u d es
.

w ith a di ffer e n t hi s t o ry o f th e s u cc e s s iv e t e a ch e rs o f
th e V ay u Pu r ana tra ci n g th e m fr o m B rah m a t o V ay u
'
, ,

fr o m V ay u t o B rih a sp ati a n d fro m h i m th ro u g h v a ri o u s

, ,

d e iti e s a n d s a g e s t o D wa ip ay an a a n d S at a
,
.

T h e a cc o u n t giv e n o f thi s P uran a i n th e J o u rn al o f

th e A s i a tic S o ci ety o f B en g a l wa s li m it e d t o so m ethi n g
l e s s th an h al f th e w o rk ; as I h a d n o t th en b een abl e t o
 PRE FA C E . X XX X I

p ro c ure l arg er p orti o n I h av e n o w a m ore c o m pl ete

a .

one of m o wn ; a n d th er e a re s ev e ra l C o pi es i n th e
y
E a s t I n d i a C o m p a n y s lib rary o f th e lik e ex t ent O n e
’
,
.
,

p res en te d by Hi s H igh n e s s th e Gui c owar i s d at e d ,

Sam v a t 1 5 4 0 or A D ,
1 4 8 3 a n d i s e v i d en tly a s o l d
. .
, , ,

a s it p r o fes s es t o be T h e ex a m i n ati o n I h av e m a d e
.

o f th e wo r k c o n fi rm s t h e v i e w I fo rm erly t o o k o f it ;

a n d fro m th e i n t er n a l ev id e n c e it a ff o r d s it m a er
, y p , ,

h ap s be r e g ard e d a s o n e o f th e old e s t a n d m o st a u th en
,

tic sp e ci m en s ex ta nt o f a p ri m itiv e P ura n a

'

I t app ears h o w ev er th at we h av e n ot y et a c o py o f
,

th e en ti re V ay u P ur a n a T h e e x t en t o f it a s m enti o n e d
.
,

a b ov e s h o u ld be tw e n ty fo u r th o u s a n d v er s e s
,
-
T he .

Gu i co wa r MS h a s but t w el v e th o u s a n d a n d i s d en o
'

.
,

m i n at e d t h e Pnrv ard h a o r fi rs t p o rti o n My c o py i s .

o f th e lik e ex t e n t T h e i n d e x al s o s h o w s th at s ev era l
.
,

s u bj e ct s r e m a i n u n t o l d ; a s s u bs e qu en tly t o t h e d es cri
, p
ti o n o f th e sph er e o f S iv a an d th e p eri o dical d i ss ol uti o n
,

o f th e w o rld th e wo rk i s s a i d t o c o n t a i n a n a cc o u n t
,

o f a s u cc e e d i n g c r e a ti o n a n d o f v ar i o u s e v e n t s th a t
,

o cc urre d i n it a s th e bi rth o f s ev e ra l c el eb ra t e d R i s hi s
, ,

i n cl u din g th a t o f Vy as a a nd a d e s cripti o n of hi s di stri

,

bu ti o n o f th e V e d a s ; a n a cc o u n t o f th e en m ity bet ween

Va si shth a an d Vi s w am i tra ; a n d a N a i m i sh ara n y a Ma
’

h atm y a Th e s e t o pic s a re h o w ev er o f m i n o r i m p o r
.
,

t a n c e an d can s c arc ely c arry th e P uran a t o t he w h o l e

,

e x t en t o f th e v e rs es which it i s s a i d t o c o n t a i n I f th e .
.

n u m b er i s a cc u ra t e th e i n d ex m u s t s till o m it a co n
,

s i d e ra bl e p o rti o n o f th e s u b s e q u e n t c o n t e n t s
.
.

5 Sri B h ag av a t a P ur an a
.
“
Th at i n wh ich a mpl e .

d e t a il s o f d uty a re d e s c rib e d a n d w hich o p e n s w ith ,

a n ex t ra ct fro m G
( ) th e ay a t ri ; th a t i n w hich t h e d eath
XL PRE FA C E .

of th e A s u ra Vrit ra i s tol d ,
an d i n which th e m o rtal s
an d i m m o rtal s of th e S ara s w at a K alp a
t ,
with th e ev e n s

th at th en h app en e d t o th em i n th e wo rld are r el ated ; ,

th a t i s c el eb ra t e d a s th e B h ag av ata a n d c o n s i st s o f ,
”
e ight een th o u s a n d v er s e s T he B h ag av ata i s a wo rk
.
1

o f g rea t c el e b r ity i n I n di a a n d e x er ci se s a m o r e d i re ct
,

a n d p o werfu l i n fl u en c e u p o n th e o pi n i o n s an d fe eli n g s
“

o f th e p eo pl e th a n p erh a p s a n o th e r o f t he P u r an a s
, y ,
.

I t i s pl ac ed th e fifth i n all th e li sts ; but th e P a d m a

P u rana ra n k s it a s t he eight eenth as th e extra ct e d ,

s u b s t a n c e O f al l t h e r e s t A cc o r di n g t o th e u s u a l s p e ci
.

fi cati o n it c o n s i st s o f eight een t h o u s an d s l o k a s di s tr i

'

, ,

b u t ed am o n g st th ree h u n d re d an d th irty t w o ch apt ers -

,

d iv id e d i n t o t w elv e S k a n d h a s o r b o o k s I t i s n am e d .

B h ag av ata from its bein g d e d icat e d t o the gl o rific ati o n

o f B h a g av at o r Vi sh n u .

T he B h ag av a t a i s c om m u n ic a te d t o th e R i s hi s at Nai
m i s h ara ny a by S at a a s u s u al : bu t he o n ly r ep e at s wh a t
, ,

wa s n arra t e d by S u k a th e s o n o f Vy as a t o Pa ri k shit
, , ,

th e ki n g o f Ha st i n ap u ra th e g ra n d s o n o f Arj u n a H av i n g
,
.

i n c u rre d th e i m p r e c ati o n o f a h erm it by which h e wa s ,

s en t en c e d t o d i e o f th e bit e o f a v e n o m o u s s n a k e a t

th e ex pi r ati o n o f s ev en d ay s th e ki n g i n p rep ara ti o n

, ,

f o r thi s e v en t rep a i rs t o the b a nk s o f th e G an g e s

, ,

w h ith er al s o c o m e th e g o d s a n d s a g e s t o w itn e s s hi s ,

ga g(
-

m am m ali a n
m m ma m m3? 3 q fit mt t z l
W mfi m fi u
as a a as as as a as

a a a as a a es a
‘
W WW w e? m afifaaa
X L II PRE FA C E .

au th o rity 1 s ch a n g e d ; an d th e n arrativ e i s s a id t o h av e
be en th a t which w a s c o m m u n ic at e d by S e sh a t o th e
N ag a s T he cre ati o n of B rahm a i s th en d es crib e d a n d
.
,

t he d iv i s i o n s o f ti m e ar e ex pl ai n e d A v e ry l o n g a n d
.

p e cu li ar a cc o u nt i s giv en o f the Varaha i n carnati o n of

Vi sh n u which i s foll o we d by th e cre ati o n o f t he Pra
,

a at i s a n d S wa am b h w h e d a u ght e r D ev ah nt i
j p y u v a , o s

i s m arri e d t o Ka rd a m a R i s hi ; an i n cid en t p e c uli ar t o

thi s wo rk a s i s th a t which fo ll o ws o f th e Av at ara o f
, ,

Vi sh n u a s K apil a th e s o n o f Kard am a a n d D ev ahnti ,

th e a u th o r o f th e S ankhy a phil o s o phy which h e ex ,

p o u n d s after a Va i sh n av a fa shi o n to h i s m o th er i n
, , ,

the l a s t n i n e ch apt er s o f thi s s e cti o n .

T h e Manwa n tara o f S way arnbh u v a an d th e m ul tipli ,

c ati o n o f th e p a tri arch al fa m i li es are n ex t d e s crib e d

,

w ith s o m e p e c u li a riti e s of n o m e n cl at ure w hich are ,

p o i nte d o ut i n th e n ot es t o th e p arall el p a s s a g e s o f t he
V i shnu Pu r ana T h e tra diti o n s o f Dhru v a Vena Prithu
.
, , ,

a n d o th e r p ri n c es o f thi s e r i o d a r e th e o th er s u bj e ct s
p ,

o f th e fo u rth S k a n d h a a n d ar e c o n ti n u e d i n th e fif th
, , ,

t o th a t o f th e B h ara t a w h o O bt a i n e d em a n cip a ti o n T h e .

d et a il s g en erally c o n fo rm t o th o s e of th e Vi sh n u Pu
ra n a ; a n d th e s a m e w o r d s a r e o ft en e m pl o y e d ; s o th a t

it w o u l d be d i ffic ult t o d etei m i n e w hich w0 1 k h a d t he

b est right to th em ha d n o t th e B h ag av a ta it s elf i n d i
,

c a t e d i t s O blig a ti o n s t o th e Vi s h n u T h e r e m a i n d er o f
.

th e fifth b o o k i s o cc u pi e d w ith t h e d e s c r ipti o n o f th e

u n iv e rs e ; a n d th e s am e c on fo rm ity w ith th e Vi sh n u

c o nti nu e s .

T h i s i s o nly pa rti ally the c a s e with th e s ix th b o o k ,

wh ich c o n t a i n s a v ari ety o f l e g e n d s o f a m i s c ell a n e o u s

d es cripti o n i n ten d e d t o ill u strat e th e m erit of worship
,
 P RE FA C E . X L III

pi n g Vi sh n u Som e
th em b el o n g t o th e early s to ck ;
. of

but s o m e are a pp ar en tly n o v el T h e s ev e nth b o o k i s

, , .
,

m o s tly o cc u pi e d with th e l e g en d o f Prahl ad a In th e

,
.

e ighth w e h a v e a n a cc ou n t o f t h e r e m a i n i n g M anwa n
,

t ara s ; i n which a s h app en i n g i n th e c o u rs e o f th em a

, ,

v a ri ety o f a n ci e n t l e g e n d s are r ep e at e d a s th e b a ttl e ,

b etween th e ki ng o f th e el eph an t s a n d a n allig at o r th e ,

ch u rn in g o f th e o c ea n an d th e d warf and fi sh Av at ara s ,

.

T h e ni nth b o o k n arra t e s th e dy n asti es o f th e Vaiv a s

w a t a Ma nwant a ra o r th e p r i n c es o f th e s o l ar an d l un ar,

ra c es t o th e ti m e o f K r i s h n a T h e p artic u l ar s c o n form 1
.
,

g en erally wi th th o s e r e c ord e d i n the Vi s h n u

,
.

T he t enth b o o k i s th e ch ara ct eri stic p art o f thi s

P ura n a a nd th e p o rti o n u p o n which i ts p o p u l arity i s
,

fo u n d e d I t i s a pp ro p ri a te d enti rely t o th e hi s to ry o f
.

Kr1 s hna which it n arra te s m u ch i n the s a m e m a nn er

,

a s th e Vi s h n u bu t i n m o r e d et a il ; h o ldi n g a m iddl e
,

pl a ce h o wev er b etween it an d th e ex trav a g an t p ro lix ity

, ,

with wh i ch th e H ari Va ms a r ep e at s th e s t o ry I t i s n o t
'

n e c e s s a ry t o p a rtic u l ar iz e it fur th er I t h as b e en tra ns .

l a te d i n t o p erh ap s all th e l an g u a g es o f I n d i a an d i s
, , ,

a fa v o u r it e wo rk with a ll d es cr ipti o n s o f p e o pl e .

T h e el ev e nth b o o k d e s c rib es th e d e str u cti o n o f th e

Y ad a v a s an d d e ath o f Kri s h n a Prev i o u s t o th e l att er .

e v ent K i sh n a i n str u ct s U d d hav a i n th e p erfo rm an ce

r
,

o f th e Y o g a ; a s u bj e ct c o n sig n e d by th e Vi sh n u t o , ,

th e c o n cl u di n g p a s s a g e s T h e n arra tiv e i s m u ch
“

1
A t ra n s a l ti
i th by C pt i F ll w p bli h d on of th e n n ,
a a n e ,
as u s e

i C lc tt
n i
a d i ff t mb
u f th Ma thly d Q t ly
,
n e re n nu e rs o e on an u a r er

M g zi i 1 823 d 1 8 24 T h S c d l m f M ic
a a ne ,
n an . e e on vo u e o au r
’
e s

A ci t H i t y f H i d t c t i
n en t l ti by M H l h d
s or o n o s an o n a ns a ra n s a on, r . a e ,

of th t th b k m d t h o gh the m d i m f
e en P si n io
oo ,
a e r u e u o a er a vers n .
X L IV PRE FA CE .

th e sam e , bu t s om e
thi n g m o re s um m a ry th an th at o f
th e Vi s h n u T h e tw elfth b o o k c o n ti n u es t h e li n es o f
.

th e ki n g s o f th e K ali a g e p r o ph etic ally t o a s i m il ar , ,

p eri o d a s th e Vi sh n u an d giv e s a lik e a cc o u nt of t he

,

d et eri o rati o n o f a ll thi n g s a n d th ei r fi n al di s s o l u ti on .

C o n s i s te ntly with th e s u bj e ct o f th e Purana th e s erp en t ,

T ak s h aka bites Pa rik shit an d h e ex pi res : an d the w o rk ,

s h o u l d t erm i n at e ; o r t h e cl o s e m ight be e x t en d e d t o th e

s u b s e q u e n t s a c r ific e o f J a n a m ej a a f o r th e d es t ru cti o n
y ,

o f t h e w h o l e se rp en t r a c e Th er e i s a ra th er ak ar dl
y.

i ntro d u c e d d es cripti o n h o wev er o f th e a rran gem ent ,

o f th e V e d a s a n d P ur a n a s by V as a a n d th e l e g e n d o f
y ,

Mark and ey a s i nt erv i ew with the i n fan t K ri sh n a d uri n g

’
,

a p e ri o d o f w o rldly di s s o l u ti o n W e th en c o m e to th e .

e n d o f th e B h ag av a t a i n a s eri e s o f e n co m i a s ti c c o m
,

m en d ati o n s o f i t s o wn s an ctity an d effic a cy t o s al v a ti o n .

Mr C o l eb ro o k e o b s erv e s o f th e B h ag av at a P uran a :
.
,

I a m m y s elf i n cl in e d t o a d o pt a n opin i on s u pp o rt e d
, ,

by m an y l e arn e d H i n d u s who c o n s id er th e c el eb rat e d

.
,

Sri B h ag a v at a a s th e wo rk o f a g ram m ar i an [Bop a d e v a]

s u pp o s e d t o h av e li v e d a b o u t s i x h u n d re d y e ar s a go .

C o l o n el V an s K enn e dy c on s id ers thi s a n i n c au ti o u s

a d m i s s i o n b e c a u s e it i s u n q u e s ti o n abl e th at th e n u m b er
“

o f th e P u ra n a s h av e b een al wa y s h el d t o be e ight ee n ;

but i n m o s t o f th e P ura n a s the n a m e s o f th e e ight e en

, ,

are e n u m e rat e d a m o n g s t which t h e B h ag av at a i s i n

,

v ar i ably i n cl u d e d ; a n d c on s eq u en tly if it were co m

, ,

p o se d o nly s ix h un d re d y e ars ag o the o th ers m u s t be ,

A s R es .
,
V ol . V III p
.
,
.

M is cell a neous E ssays, Vol I , . . p . 1 04 .

 PRE FA CE . X LV

”1
of an q u ally mo d ern d at e
e S o m e o f th em are n o .
,

d o u bt m o r e re c e nt ; bu t a s a l re a d y r em ark e d n o w e ight
, , ,

c a n be a tt a c h e d t o th e s p e cific a ti o n o f th e e ig h t ee n

n a m e s ; f or th e y a re a l way s c o m pl et e : e a ch P u r an a

e n u m era t es al l Which i s th e l a s t ? Which h a d th e

.
*

o pp o rt u n ity o f n a m i n g i t s s ev e n t een p r e d e c es s o rs a n d ,

a d d i n g it s elf ? T h e a r g u m e n t p r o v e s t o o m u ch Th ere .

c a n be littl e d o u bt th a t th e li s t h a s b ee n i n s e rt e d u p o n ,

t h e a u th o rity o f tr a diti o n e ith e r by s o m e i m p ro v i n g ,

:

tra n s c rib e r o r by th e c o m pil er o f a w o rk m o re r e c e nt

,

th a n th e e ighte en g en u i n e P u ra n a s T h e o bj e cti o n i s .

a l so r e b u tt e d by th e a s s e rti o n th at th e re wa s a n o th er ,

P u ra n a t o which th e n am e appli e s an d which i s still ,

t o be m e t with th e D ev i B h ag av at a
,
.

Fo r the a u th en ticity o f th e B h ag a v at a i s o n e o f th e
few q u e s ti o n s affe cti n g th e i r s a cre d lit era t ur e which
, ,

H i n d u writ ers h av e v ent u re d t o di s c u s s T he o cc a s i on .

i s furn i sh e d by th e t ex t it s elf In th e fo u rth ch apt er .

o f th e fi rs t b o o k it i s s aid th a t Vy as a a rra n g e d th e
,

V e d a s a n d div id e d th em i n t o fo u r a n d th at he th en
, ,

c om pil e d th e Iti hasa a n d P u ra n a s a s a fifth Ve d a T h e , .

V e d as h e g av e t o P a il a an d th e rest ; th e Itih as a a n d
P uran a s t o Lo m ah a rsh ana t he fa th er o f S l i ta T hen 2
’

, , .
,

ch i t th N t
R e s ear es n o e a u re an d A ffi nity of A ci nt
n e an d
H i d Myth l gy p 1 55 t
n u o o ,
.
,
no e .

B k I C h pt I V 1 9
9
oo .
,
a er .
,

Bu t s ee the ed it or s
’
c
s e o nd no e t in p LIV
. . i nf r a .
X LV I PRE FA CE

re fl e cti n g th at th e s e wo rk s m ay n ot be a cc e s sibl e t o
w o m en S ad ra s a n d m i x e d ca s te s h e c o m p o s e d th e
, , ,

B h arata f o r th e p u rp o s e o f pl a ci n g religi o u s kn owl e dg e

,

withi n th e i r re a ch S til l h e felt di s s a ti s fi e d a n d wa n

.
, ,

d ere d i n m u ch p erpl ex ity a l o n g th e ban k s o f th e

,
“

S a ra s wat i wh er e hi s h er m ita g e wa s s it u a t e d wh en
, ,

N ara d a p aid h i m a v i s it H a v in g c o nfi d e d t o h im hi s .

s e cr e t a n d s e em i n gly c a u s el e s s d i s s a ti s fa cti o n N ara d a ,

s u gg e s t e d th a t it a ro s e fro m hi s n o t h av i n g s u ffici e n tly

d welt i n th e wo rk s h e h a d fi n i sh e d u p o n th e m erit of
, ,

wo rs hippi n g V as u d e v a Vy asa a t o n c e a d m itt e d i t s .

t r uth an d fo u nd a rem e d y f o r h i s u n e a s i ne s s i n th e
,

c o m p o siti o n o f th e B h ag av at a which h e tau ght to S uk a , ,

hi s so n H ere th erefore i s th e m o s t p o s itiv e a s serti o n

.
1
, ,

th at th e B h agav ata w a s c o m p o s e d s ub s e qu ently t o th e

P u ra n a s a n d giv en t o a d iffe re n t p upil a n d wa s n o t
, , ,

th erefo r e o ne o f th e e ight een o f which Ro m aharsh ana

, ,

th e S at a wa s a cc o r di n g t o a l l c o n c u rren t t e s ti m on i es
, , ,

th e d ep o s it ary S till th e B h ag a v at a i s n a m e d a m o n g s t
.
,

t he e ight e e n P ur a n a s by th e i n s pi re d a u th o riti e s : a n d
,

h ow ca n th e s e i n c o n g ru iti e s be r e c o n cil e d ?
T h e p ri n cip al p o i nt i n di s p u t e s e em s t o h a v e b ee n
s tart e d by a n ex p re ss i o n o f Sri d h ara S w am i n a co m ,

m e nt at o r o n th e B h ag a v a t a wh o s o m ewh a t in c a u ti o u sly , , ,

m a d e th e r em ark th at th ere wa s n o r ea so n t o s usp e ct

,

Book I .
,
7, 8 .
 PRE FA CE X L VII

th at by th e term B h ag av ata a ny o th er work th an th e

, ,

s ubj e ct o f h i s l a b o u r s w a s i n t e n d e d Thi s wa s th ere .

,

fo re a n a d m i s s i o n th at s o m e s u spici o n s h a d b e e n e n ter
,

t a i n ed o f th e c o rr e ctn e s s o f th e n o m en cl a t u r e a n d th a t ,

a n O pi n i o n ha d b ee n e x p r e s s e d th a t th e t e rm b el o n g e d , ,

n o t t o th e Sri B h ag a v a t a bu t t o t h e D ev i B h ag av at a ; ,

t o a S a i v a n o t a V a i s h n av a c o m p o s iti o n With wh o m
“

.
, ,

d o u bt s p re va il e d p ri o r t o Sri d h a r a S wam i n o r by wh o m ,

th e y w ere u rg e d d o e s n o t a pp ea r ; fo r a s f ar a s we , ,

a r e a wa re n o wo rk s a n t e ri o r t o h i s d a
,
te i n wh ich , ,

th ey a re a d v a n c ed h av e b e en m et w ith S u b s e q u e ntly .
,

v a ri o u s t ra ct s h a v e b e e n w r itt e n o n t h e s u bj e ct Th ere .

a re th re e i n th e lib rary o f th e E a s t I n d i a C o m p a ny :
‘
th e D u rj a n a M u kh a Ch ap et i k a A sl ap o f th e fa c e f o r ,

th e v il e by Ram a s ra m a ; th e D u rj a n a Mu kh a Mah a
’
,

‘
Ch ap eti k a
*
A g re a t sl a p o f th e fa c e f o r th e wick e d
, ,

by Kas i n ath a B h atta ; a n d th e D u rj a n a M u kh a P a d m a

'

‘
P ad uk a A s lipp e r f o r t he s am e p art o f th e s a m e p er
,
’

s o n s by a n a m el e s s d i s p u t a n t
,
T h e fi r s t m a i n t a i n s th e .

a u th en ticity o f t h e B h ag av a t a ; th e s e c o n d a s ser t s th a t
,

p t c ipt f thi t t h D j m l h —h p ti ka I th MS
T he os s r o s rac as ur a na - u c a c a e
’
. n e .
,

P f
ro es s orW il h t d th t it i f d t i th D j m f l
s on as n o e , a s re e rre o, n e ur a na - u f er:

p d m p d ka
a a- ad
'

l g ti tl th t gi i th t xt B
u ,
un f
er a o n er e ,
a v en n e e . u rn ou

wh o,i th pn f c t th fi t l m f hi Bhag t p
e re a e h o e rs vo u e o s a va a - ur a n a ,
as

t ltd d
ra ns a e t t d th th t ti e m d b
an a nn o a em k e ree rea s s na e a ov e -
re ar s as

f ll w
o o s th t f c L t it é q l t
on a t f it ll i
re e re n e :
“
e ra au ue no re a u e u r a a us on

p it et l m ém q c l i q j i pl c é l t i m t q i t
ara re e e ue e u ue
’
a a e ro s i e e , e u es

c c é t t ti a p
o ns a r ou c tt the q q d l P an p
en er rou ver e e se , ue u an es ur as ar

l t d Bhag t c t l Dé i bhag t q i l t d t d é i g
en a av a a , t
’
es e v av a a u
’
s e n en en s ner , e

n on p t C1 Bhag t q i f it t it é p l V hn
as n o re 1 av a a , u a au or ou r es a1 c av as .

C p d t l p
e en a n
g l q l p t l p é t t mm t ité
e as sa e s ur e ue or e a r s e n e no e no e ce ra :

q i f it pp q il xi t d x t ité
'

U g d ffl t t ;
’
n r an s ou e , e c . ce u era su os er u e s e eu ra s

d d t l it pl ét d q l t t d t ’ ’
e ce
g e nre , on u n s era us en u ue a u re , e on n ou s n a

p é d i qu l pl
os s er o ns t c t ad i c l i q i t t d it p l
e o us c ou r ,
’
es - -
re e u u es ra u us

bas . P LXXVII . .
X L VIII PRE FA C E

th e D evi B h ag av ata g e n u i n e P uran a ; an d th e

i s th e
thi rd r epli e s t o the arg u m e n t s o f th efi rs t Th e re i s .
,

‘
a l s o a wo rk by P u r u sh o t ta m a e n titl e d Thi rt een a rg u
, ,

m e n t s f o r d i sp elli n g al l d o u bt s o f th e ch ara ct er o f th e
B h ag a v at a (B h aga v a ta s warnp a v i sh aya s ank a ni ras a
’

t ray o d a s a) ; whil s t B al a m B h a tt a a c o m m en t a t o r 0 1 1 t h e
'

M it ak sh ara i n d u lgin g i n a d i s s ert a ti o n o n th e m e a n i n g

,

o f t h e wo r d P u ran a a d d u c e s r e a s o n s f o r q u e s ti o n i n g
,

th e i n s pi r e d o rigi n o f th i s P u ran a .

T h e ch i e f a r g u m e n t s i n fa v o u r o f the a u th enticity
o f thi s P ur an a a r e th e ab s e n c e o f a ny r e a s o n why
,

Bo pa d ev a t o wh o m it i s a ttrib u t e d s h o u ld n o t h av e
, ,

u t hi s o wn n a me t o it ; i t s b e i n g i n cl u d e d i n a l l li s t s
p
o f th e P ur an a s s o m eti m e s w ith ci rc u m s t an c e s th a t
,

b el o n g t o n o o th er P u ran a ; a n d i ts b ei n g a d mi tte d t o
be a P uran a a n d cit e d a s a u th o rity o r m a d e th e s u b
, ,

j e ct o f c m m n t b W i t f t bli s h e d r e p u t a ti o n
o e
y 1 e r s o, es a ,

o f wh o m S a nk a ra A ch ary a i s o n e : an d he li v e d l o n g

b efo re Bopa d ev a T he reply t o th e fi rs t arg u m en t i s

.

rath e r feebl e ; th e c o n t r o v e rs i ali s t s b e i n g u n wil li n g ,

p erh ap s t o a d m it th e r e al o bj e ct th e p ro m o tio n o f n ew
, ,

d o ct ri n e s I t i s th erefo re s a i d th a t Vy asa w as an i n
.
, , ,

c a rnat i o n o f N aray a n a ; an d the p u rp ose wa s t o p ro p i

t i at e h i s fa v o ur T h e i n s erti o n o f a B h ag av at a am o n g s t
.

th e eight e en P ura n a s i s a ck n o wl e dg e d ; bu t thi s it i s ,

s a i d can be th e D ev i B h ag av a ta a l o n e : f or th e ci rc u m
,

s t a n c e s a pply m o re c o rre ctly t o it th an t o t h e V a i s h n av a

B h ag av ata Th u s a t ext i s q u ot ed by Kasmatha fro m

—
, ,

—
.
,

a P u ra n a h e d oes n o t s ta t e which th at s ay s o f th e ,

B h ag av at a th at it c o nt ai n s eight een th o u san d v ers es

,
,

twel v e b o ok s a n d three h u n d re d and thi rty two ch ap

,
-
L PRE FA CE .

,
f
va c o m m e ntary o f hi s o wn a s serts th at he
wh o , i n a ,

ha s c o n s u lt e d e ight o th ers N o w a m o n g s t th es e i s .
,

o n e by th e m o n k e y Ha n u m at ; a n d al th o u gh a H i n d u ,

d i s p u ta n t m ay b eli ev e i n th e r e ality o f s u ch a c o m p o s i
ti o n y et w e m ay r e c e iv e i t s cit ati o n a s a p ro o f th at
,

Mad hw a w a s n o t v ery s cr up u l o u s i n th e v erific ati o n

o f h i s a u th oriti e s .

Th ere are o th er to pic s u rg e d i n thi s c o n trov ers y , ,

o n b o th s i d e s s o m e o f which are s i m pl e e n o u gh s o m e
, ,

are i n g en i o u s : bu t th e s t a t e m e n t o f th e t e x t i s o f it s elf , ,

s u ffici en t t o sh o w th a t a cc o r di n g t o th e re c e i v e d o pi n i o n
, , ,

o f al l t h e a u th o r iti e s o f th e p r i o r ity o f th e e ight ee n

,

P u r a n as t o th e B h arat a it i s i m p o s s ibl e th at the Sri

-

B h ag av ata which i s su b s e q u en t t o th e B h ara ta s h o ul d

, ,

be o f th e n u m b e r ; a n d th e ev id e n c e of s tyl e th e s u p e ,

r i o ri t o f which t o th at o f th e P u ra n a s i n g en era l i s
y
a d m itt e d by th e di sp u t a n t s i s al s o p r o o f th at it i s th e ,

wo rk o f a d ifferen t h an d W he th er th e D ev i B h ag a .

v a t a h av e a b e tt er titl e t o be c o n s id ere d a s a n origi n al

'

c o m p o s iti o n o f Vy as a i s e qu ally q u e s t i o n abl e ; bu t it

,

c an n o t be d o u bte d th a t th e Sri B h a av ata IS th e p ro d u ct g

o f u n i n s pi r e d e r u d iti o n Th ere d o e s n o t s eem t o be .

an o th e r g ro u n d th a n t ra diti o n f or a s c r ibi n g it t o
y
Bo p a d ev a th e g ra m m ar i a n : but th ere i s n o r e a s o n t o
call the tra diti o n i n qu e sti o n Bo p a d ev a fl o u ri sh e d at ’
.

th e c o u r t o f H em ad ri R aj a of D ev a g i ri D e o g ur o r , ,

D o wl u t aba d an d m u s t c o n s e q u en tly h av e li v e d p ri o r
, , ,

t o th e c on q u e s t o f th at p ri n cip al ity by th e M o h am
m e d an s i n th e fo u rte enth c en t u ry T h e d a t e o f th e . .

S e e Bu rnou f
’
s ed iti on of the Bhdg a va ta p ura na , Vol -
. I
.
, P fc
re a e

p L XII
. .
,
t
no e .
 PRE FA CE LI
twelf th c ent u ry c o m m o n ly a s s ig n e d t o hi m i s p ro, , ,

b ably c o rre ct an d i s th at o f th e B h ag av a t a P uran a

, ,
.

6 N ara d a o r N ara d i y a P ur an a
. W h ere N ara d a h as .
“

d e s crib e d th e d u ti es which w er e o b s erv e d i n th e Br1 h at

K alp a th at i s c all e d th e N ara d i ya h av in g twenty fiv e
, ,
-

”
th o u s an d s t an z a s I f th e n u m b er of v ers es be h ere .
1

c o rre ctly stat e d th e P u ra n a ha s n o t fall en i n t o m y ,

h an d s T h e c o py I h av e an aly s e d c o n ta i n s n o t m an y
.

m o r e th a n th ree th o u s a n d s l o k a s Th ere i s a n o th er
'

w o rk which m igh t be e x p e ct e d t o be o f g reat e r ex t e n t

, ,

t h e Br1 h a n N ara d i y a o r g r eat N ara d a P u ran a ; bu t thi s ,

a cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o n c u rr e n c e o f th re e c o pi es i n m
y
p o s s e s si on an d o f fiv e o th ers i n th e C o m p a ny s lib ra ry
,
’
,

c o nt a i n s bu t ab o ut th re e th o u s an d fiv e h u n d re d v ers e s .

I t m ay be d o u bte d th erefo re if the N ara d a P uran a o f , ,

th e M at s y a ex i st s
2
.

A cc or di n g t o th e M at sy a th e N ara d a P u ran a i s rel at e d ,

2
c ipti
T he f Vi hn t l t d by C l l V
d es r on o s u ,
ra ns a e o one a ns

K dy ( R
e nn e ch i t t h N t d A ffi ity
es e arf A ci t es n o e a u re an n o n en

d H i d Myth l g y p 200 f m th N a d iy P cc
an n
) u o o ,
. ro e ra a u ra n a
,
o u rs

i m y c py f th Br1 h
n N a d iyo Th i o Na d P e an ra a . ere s no ra a ur a n a

i th E t I d i C m p y lib y th gh tic d i th ’
n e as n a o an s r ar ou as n o e n e
, ,

t xt
e l f th Bri h N a d iy T h i
,
s e v e ra o py f th e an ra a . ere s a Co o e

R k m a g d Ch i l
u i d t b p t f th S i Na d P an
n a a ar ra
,
sa o e a ar o e r ra a ur a.

Bu rnouf —
B a h g a va ta p ura na , Vol I , P f c p L XIII fi t No t
— l pl c
re a e ,
-
. . . .
, rs e,

a nd pp X CVII . . ci s e
a wou d a e Bo ad eva i n the
p c d h lf s e on a of the
thi t th c t y
r ee n en ur .

I f ll w th w t
o d th p d it i p f i
o e es e rn an s ou ern an s n re err ng Bop ad eva to
V p d
o th
a eva,m i di ily xhibit d
as e na e s or nar e e .

T chi g B p d A f cht ’
ou d H m ad in D O a ev a an e r , s ee r. u re s Ca ta log . Cod .

Manus cr ip t , &c , pp 3 7 . . and 38 .

LII PRE FA CE
by N ara d a , an d cc o un t o f th e Brihat K alp a
giv es an a .

T he N ara d i y a P u r an a i s c o m m u n ic a te d by N ara d a t o , ,

th e R i s hi s a t N a i m i s h aran y a o n t he G o mat i r i v er T h e,
.

Brih a n N ara d i y a i s r el a t e d t o th e s am e p er so n s a t th e ,

s a m e pl a c e, by S l i ta a s it wa s t o l d by N ara d a t o S a n a t
,

k u m ara P o s s ibly th e t erm Brih a t m ay h av e b ee n s u g

.
,

g e st e d by th e sp e cific ati o n Which i s giv en i n th e Ma t sy a :

bu t th ere i s n o d es c ripti o n i n it o f an y p artic ul ar K alp a
, ,

or d a o f B ra h m a
y .

F ro m a c u rs o ry exam i n a ti o n o f th es e P uran a s it i s
v e ry ev id e n t th a t th ey h a v e n o c o nfo rm ity t o t h e d efi n i

ti o n o f a Pu rari a an d th a t b o th a re se ctari al a n d m o d ern

'

c o m pil ati o n s i nt en d e d t o s upp o rt th e d o ctrin e o t akti

'

o r fa ith i n Vi s hn u With thi s v i ew th ey h av e c o ll e ct e d

.
,

a v ari e ty o f p ra y e rs a d d r e ss e d t o o n e o r o th e r fo rm o f

t h at d i v i n ity ; a n u m b er o f O b s erv a n c e s a n d h o lyd ay s

c o n n e ct e d with hi s a d o ra ti o n ; a n d d iffere n t l e g en d s
'

so m e ,
p erh ap s o f a n ea rly o th ers o f a m o re re c en t
, , ,

d at e ill u s tra tiv e o f th e e ffic a cy o f d e v o ti o n t o H a ri

,
.

Th u s i n th e N ara d a we h av e th e s to ri e s o f D h r u v a
, ,

a n d Pra hl ad a ; th e l a tt e r t o l d i n th e w o r d s o f th e Vi s h n u :

wh il s t th e s e c o n d p o rti o n o f it i s o cc u pi e d w ith a l e g e n d
o f Mo hi n i th e w ill b o rn d a u ght e r o f a ki n g c all e d Ru k
,
-

m an g a d a ; b e g u il e d by wh o m t h e ki n g o ff ers to p erfo rm ,

f o r h er wh at ev er sh e m ay d e s i re S h e c all s u p o n hi m .

e ith e r t o v i o l a t e th e ru l e o f fa s ti n g o n th e el ev e n th d a
y
o f t h e fo rt n ight a d a sa cr e d t o Vi sh n u or to u t hi s
y , p ,

s o n t o d e ath ; an d h e kill s hi s s o n a s th e l e s s e r s i n o f ,

t h e t wo . Thi s sh o ws th e spi rit o f the wo rk It s d ate .

ma y al s o be i n ferre d fro m i ts t e n o r ; a s s u ch m o n s t ro u s
ex t ra v a g a n ci e s i n p ra i s e o f B h akti a re c e rt a i nly o f m o , ,

d ern o rigi n O n e li mit i t f urn i s he s its elf ; f o r it r efe rs

' '

.
,
 PRE FA C E L1 H

to S u ka an i n t erl o c ut o rs o f th e B h ag a
d Pa rik sh i t , th e
v a t a ; a n d it i s c o n se q u en tly s u b se q u ent to th e d ate
, ,

o f th a t P u ra n a I t i s p r o b ably c o n s i d era bly l at er ; f o r

.
, ,

it a ffo rd s ev i d en c e th a t it wa s writte n a ft er I n d i a wa s
i n th e h a n d s o f th e M o h am m e d an s In th e c o n cl u d i n g .

p a s s a g e it i s s ai d : Let n o t thi s P ura n a be r ep ea te d i n

“

‘
th e p r e s en c e o f th e k ill e r s o f c o ws a n d c o n t em n e rs
’

o f th e g o d s I t i s, p o s s ibly a c om pil ati o n o f th e s ix

.
,

t ee nth o r s ev en t een th c en t u ry .

T h e Briha n N ara d i y a i s a wo rk o f the s a m e t en o r

“

a n d ti m e I t c o n tai ns littl e el s e th an p an egy rical p ray e rs

.

a d d r e s s e d t o Vi s h n u a n d i nj u n cti o n s t o o b s e rv e v ari o u s
,

r it e s a n d k e e p h o ly c e rt a i n s e a so n s i n h o n o u r o f h i m
, , .

T h e ea rli e r l e g en d s i n tro d u c e d a re th e bi rth o f Mar

’
k ari d ey a th e d estr u cti o n o f S a gara s s o n s an d th e d wa rf
’

, ,

A v a t ara ; bu t th ey are s u b s e rv i en t t o th e d e s ig n o f th e
wh ol e a n d ar e re n d ere d o cc as i o n s for p r a i s i n g N a
,

r a a ri a
y
'

O th
. ers ill u s t ra ti n g th e e ffic a cy o f c ert a i n
,

Vai sh n av a o b s erv an c e s are p u eril e i nv en ti o n s wh olly

’

, ,

fo reig n t o th e m o re a n ci en t s y s t em o f Pa ur a n i k ficti o n .

Th ere i s n o att em pt a t c o sm o g o n y o r p atri arch a l o r ,

r e g a l g e n e al o gy I t i s p o ssibl e th at th e s e t o pic s m ay
.

be t rea t e d o f i n th e m i s s i n g s t an z a s : bu t it s ee m s m o re
lik ely th at th e N ara d a Pu rari a o f th e li st s h a s littl e i n ’

c o m m o n with th e wo rk s t o which it s n am e i s appli e d

i n B en g a l an d Hin d u s th an .

7 M ark a n d a o r Mark and e y a Puran a

. T h a t P u ra n a .
“

i n w hich c o m m e n ci n g w ith th e s t o ry o f th e bi rd s th a t
,

w e r e a cq u a i n t e d w ith r ight an d w ro n g e verythi n g i s ,

n a rra t e d fu lly by Mark a nd e a a s it w a s e x pl a i n e d b

y y ,

h o ly s a g e s i n reply t o the q u e s ti o n o f th e M u n i i s
, ,

c all e d the Markari d eya c o nt ai ni n g ni n e th o u san d v er

’

,
LIV PRE FA CE
”1
se s . Thi s is so c all e d fro m
fi rs t i n it s b ei n g ,
i n th e
s ta n c e n a rrat e d by Mark a nd e a Mu n i a n d i n th e s e c o n d
, y , ,

pl a c e by c erta i n fab u l o u s bi rd s ; th u s far a gre ei n g w ith

,

th e a cc o u nt giv en o f it i n th e M at s y a T hat a s well .

,

a s o th e r a u th o r iti e s s p e cify i ts c o n t a i n i n g n i n e th o u s a n d
,

s t a n z a s ; bu t m c o py cl o se s w ith a v er s e affi rm i n g th a t
y
t h e n u m b e r o f v er se s r e cit e d by th e M u n i w a s s ix th o u
s a n d n i n e h u n d r e d ; a n d a c o py i n th e E a s t I n di a Co m
’
an s lib r ary h a s a s i m il ar s p e cific a ti o n T h t rm i
p y e e .

n a ti o n i s h o wev er s o m ew h a t ab ru pt ; a n d th ere i s n o
, ,

r e a so n wh t h e s u bj e ct w ith w hich it en d s s h o u ld n o t
y
h av e b e en c arri e d o n furth er O n e c o py i n th e Co m .

el o n gi n g t o th e Gu i c o w ar s
’ ’

p yan s lib ra r y i n d eed b , ,

c oll e cti o n s t a t e s a t th e cl o s e th a t it i s th e en d o f th e
, , ,

fi rs t K h a n d a o r s e cti on I f th e P ura n a wa s ev er c o m .

*
p l e t e d th e r e m a i n i n g p o rti o n o f it a pp e a r s t o be l o s t
,
.

J a im in i th e p u pil o f Vy as a appli e s t o Mark a ri d cya

'

, ,

t o be m a d e a cq u a i nt e d w ith th e n at u re o f vasu d e v a ,

a n d f o r an ex pl a n a ti o n o f s o m e o f th e i n ci d e n t s d e

s c r ib e d i n th e M a h abh ar a t a ; with th e a m b r o s i a o f w hich

d i v i n e p o em Vy as a h e d e cl are s h a s w a t e re d th e wh o l e
, , ,

w o r l d : a r efer en c e wh ich e s t abli s h e s th e p ri o rity of th e

B h ara ta t o th e Markand eya P u ra n a h o wev er i n co m ,

z m fi ma W W W ‘
L

S ee the Rev Kri sh nam ohan Ba nerj ea

.
’

s ed iti on of the Ma rka nd ey a

' ’

p a ra na , I t
n ro d u cti o n, pp . 2 6, 3 1 ,
a nd 32 .

1 T wo MS S . of the M a tsya p ur a na -
, ou t of f ou r w h it i n my rea ch ,
om it
the c
se ond a nd thi d li
r nes . T he oth er t wo g i ve the c
s e o nd as f llo o ws :

W M M W H
 PRE FA C E . LV

p a tibl e thi s m ay be with th e tra diti o n th at h a v i n g , ,

fi n i s h e d th e P uran a s Vy as a wr o t e th e p o e m , .
*

Mark a ri d e y a ex c u s e s hi m self s ayi n g h e h a s a rel i gi o u s

’

r i te t o p e rfo rm ; a n d h e r e fe r s J a i m i n i t o s o m e v ery

s a pi en t bi r d s w h o r e s i d e i n th e Vi n dh y a m o u n t a i n s ;

bi rd s of a c el e sti al o ri gi n fo u n d wh en j u s t b o rn by , ,
“

t h e M u n i Sa m i k a o n th e fi eld o f K u ru k s h et ra a n d, ,

b r ou gh t u p by hi m al o n g w ith h i s s ch o l ars : i n co n s e
, ,

u e n ce o f which an d by v i rt u e o f th ei r h eav e n ly d e s c e nt
q , ,

th ey b e ca m e p ro fo u n d ly v ers e d i n th e V e d a s a n d a -

k n o wl e d g e o f spi rit ua l tr u th Thi s m a chi n ery i s bo r .

r o we d fr o m t h e M a h abh ara t a with s o m e e m b elli s h m e n t ,

.

J a i m i ni a cc o r din gly ha s r e c o u r s e t o t h e bi rd s Pi n g ak
, , ,

s h a a n d h i s b r eth r e n a n d p u t s t o th e m t h e q u e s ti o n s ,

h e ha d a sk e d o f th e M u n i : W hy w a s V as u d ev a b o rn “

a s a m ort al ? H o w w a s it th a t Dr a u a d i wa s th e w ife
p
o f th e fiv e Pand u s ? Why did Bal a d ev a d o p e n a n c e
f o r Bra hm a n i ci d e ? A n d why w e re th e child re n o f
D ra up a d i d e s tro y e d wh en th e y ha d Kri sh n a a n d A r ,
”
j u n a t o d efen d th em ? T he a n sw ers t o th e se i n q u i ri e s
o cc u py a n u m b er o f ch a pt e r s a n d fo r m a s o r t o f s u ppl e ,

cc t f th Md k fi l y —
In hi s a ou n
p P f
o B j e y r a ce a
’

u r a na , ro es s or a ner e a s a s:

W c e t h lp tici g i thi pl c th di g ity i mp t d t th

anno e no n ,
n s a e , e n u e o e

w k or d i w It i cl d i th m c t g y with th V d
u n er re v e . s ass e n e sa e a e or e e as ,

an d d c ib d es r i mm d i t p d ct f m B hm m th Alth gh
e as an e a e ro u ro ra a s ou . ou

a F ai it i t tt ib t d t Vya wh m th S a t c i d
u r r a, s no a r u e o s a, o o er
'

s ras o ns er as

th e th f l l w k b i g th t titl T h Ma k i d y h w
au or o a or s e ar n a e . e r ar e a ,
o ev er,

d oe s t ck wl d g hi m
no a i t c mp
no ed it ec mpil It cl i m as s o os er, e or, or o er . a s

e q l h
ua i thi p ct with th V d th m l
o no u r, n s res e , e e as e s e ves .

A g i wi th f c t th li t p k f i pp XXIII d XLV p
a n, re eren e o e s s o en o n . . an .
, su ra :

w h B g lM c ipt th Ma k i l y p t '

A f s ar as e av e s ee n en a a nus r s, e r ai c e a re s e n s a

i g l xc pti t thi h ck y d m ti f th i ght P

s n u ar e e on o s a ne e e nu era on o e e e en ura n as ,

d th l b ti f V ya m th th f th m ll T h ’
an e c e e ra on o sa s na e as e au or o e a . e

M i thi l m
a c ipt
a th y c mm ly c ll d
anu s r s, tas ch t e are o on a e ,
are no so as e .

Ibi d P f c.
, pp 1 5 d 16
re a e, . an .
LV I PRE FA C E .

m en t t o th e M ah abh arat a ;
pplyi n g p artly by i nv en su ,

ti o n p erh ap s a n d p artly by refere n c e to e q u ally a n ci e nt

, ,

a u th o r iti e s th e bl a n k s l e ft i n s o m e o f i t s n arrati o n s
,
.

L e g e n d s of Vri tras ura s d e ath Bal a d e v a s p enan c e ’

,
’
,

Ha ri s ch a n d ra s el ev a ti o n t o h e av en an d th e q u arre l
'
’ ”
,

b e tween Va s i shth a a n d Vi s wam itra a re foll o we d by a ,

d i s c u s s i o n r e sp e cti n g bi rth d ea th an d s i n ; which l ea d s , ,

t o a m o re ex t en d e d d es c r ipti o n o f th e d iffe ren t h ell s

th an i s fo u n d i n o ther Purari a s T he a cc o u n t of creati o n '

wh ich i s c o n t ai n e d i n thi s wo rk i s rep ea t e d by th e ,

bird s a ft er Marka nd ey a s a cc o unt o f it to Kra u shfu ki

,
’
,

a n d i s c o n fi n e d t o th e o r igi n o f th e V e d a s a n d p at ri

a r ch a l fa m ili e s a m o n g s t wh o m a r e n ew ch ara ct e r s a s
, ,

D u h s ah a a n d h i s w ife Marsht i a n d th e i r d es c e n d a nts ; ,

all e g or ic a l p er s o n a g e s r ep r e s e n ti n g i nt o l e ra bl e i n iq u ity
,

a n d i t s c o n s e q u en c es Th ere i s th en a d es cripti on o f
.

th e wo rl d w ith a s u s u al t o thi s P u ran a s ev e ral s i n g u

, , ,

l a ri ti e s s om e o f which a re n o tic e d i n th e fo ll o w i n g
,

p a g es Thi s b e in g th e st a t e o f th e wo rl d i n th e Sw a
.

am b h u v a Man w a n t a ra a n a cc o u n t o f th e o th er Ma n
y ,

wa n t ara s s u cc ee d s i n which th e b i rth s o f th e M an u s

, ,

a n d a n u m b e r o f o th e r p a rtic u l a r s a re p e c u li a r t o thi s ,

w o rk T h e p re s en t o r Vai v a s wa t a Manw a nt ara i s v ery

.

b ri efly p a s s e d o v er ; bu t the n ext th e fi rst o f th e fu t u re ,

Manwa n ta ra s c o n t a i n s t he l o n g epi s o d ic al n arrativ e o f

,

th e a cti o n s o f th e g o d d e s s D u rg a wh ich i s th e e s p e ci a l ,

b o a st o f thi s P u ran a a n d i s th e t ex t b o o k o f th e wor

,

s hipp e rs o f K al i C h a n d i o r D u rg a i n B en g al I t i s
, , ,
.

th e C h a n d i P ath a o r D u rg a Mah atm y a i n which th e

, ,

v ict o ri es o f th e g o dd es s o v er d i ff ere n t e v il b e i n g s o r

A s u ra s a re d e t a il e d with c o n s id era bl e p o wer a n d s pi rit .

It i s r ea d d ail y i n th e t em pl es o f D urg a a n d furni sh es ,

 PRE FA C E
It is y t o c o nj e ct u re a d at e f o r th i s P uran a
no t e as .

I t i s s u b s e q u en t t o th e M ah abh arat a ; bu t ho w l o n g
s u b s e q u en t i s d o u btful I t i s u n qu e sti on ably m o re
,
.
, ,

a n ci e n t th a n s u ch wo rk s a s th e B rah m a P ad m a an d , ,
,

N ara d i ya P u ra n a s ; an d i t s free d o m fro m s ect ar i a l bi as

i s a r e a s o n f o r s u pp o s i n g it a nt eri o r t o th e B h ag a v at a .

At th e s a m e ti m e i t s p a rti al c o n fo rm ity t o th e d efi n i
,

ti o n o f a P u ra n a a n d th e t en o r o f th e additi on s w hich
,

it h a s m a d e t o r e c e iv e d l eg en d s a n d traditi o n s i n dicat e ,

a n o t v er y r e m o t e a e ; a n d i n th e a b se n c e o f an g u id e
g y ,

t o a m o r e p o s itiv e c o n cl u s i o n it m ay c o nj e ct urally , , ,

be pl a c e d i n th e n i nth o r t en th c en t u ry .

8 A g n i P uran a
. Th at P u ran a which d e s crib es the
.
“

o cc u rre n c e s o f th e I s a n a K a l a a n d wa s r e l a t e d by A m
p g ,

t o Va s i sh th a i s c all e d th e Agn ey a I t c o n s i s t s o f s ix
,
.

”
t e en th o u s an d st a nz as T he A g n i o r Agn eya P u ra n a
.
1

d e ri v e s i ts n a m e fro m i ts h av i n g b e i n g c o mm u n ic a t ed ,

o r igi n a lly by A g n i ,
t he d e ity o f fi r e t o th e M un i Va
, ,

s i sh tha f o r t h e p u rp o se o f i n s t r u cti n g hi m i n th e t wo
,

fo l d kn o wl e dg e o f B rah m a B y hi m it wa s t a u ght t o .
2

V y as a wh o i m p art e d it t o saw; a n d th e l att er i s r e

,

p re s en t e d a s r ep ea tin g i t t o th e R i shi s at Na i m i sh a
ra n y a . Its c o n t e n t s a re v ari o u s ly sp e cifi e d a s s ix t een
th o u s an d fi fteen th o u s an d or f o u rtee n th o u s a n d s t a n z a s
, , ,
.

T h e two c o p i e s which w ere e m pl o y e d by m e c o nt a i n

a b o u t fi ft e en th o u s a n d s l o k as
'

Th ere are t wo i n the .

,

S ee B o o k V I C hapt er V
.
, .
 PRE FA C E L IX

C o m p an ys lib rary ’
,
which d o not e x t en d b ey o n d t we l v e
’
th o u sa n d v ers es ; bu t th ey are, i n m an y th er r es p e ct s
o ,

d i ff e ren t fro m m i n e . One of th e m wa s wr itt en a t A g ra ,

i n t he ig n o f A kb ar i n A D 1 5 8 9
re ,
. . .

T h e A g n i P uran a i n th e fo rm i n w hich it h a s b ee n
‘
,

o bt a i n e d i n B en g a l a n d a t B e n a r e s p re se n t s a s t r ik i n g ,

c o n tras t t o the Mark a nd ey a It m ay be d o ubt e d if a .

s i n gl e li n e o f it i s o rigi n al A v ery g re at p ro p o rti o n .

:

o f it m a b e t ra c e d t o o th e r s o u r c e s ; a n d a m o re c a r e
‘

y
f ul c o ll a ti o n—if the t a s k wa s w o rth th e t i m e it w o uld
r e q u i r e —w o u ld p r o b a bly d i s c o v e r th e r e m a i n d e r .

T h e e arly ch apt ers o f thi s Pu rana d e s c rib e th e l

’

A v a tara s a n d i n th o s e o f R am a a n d K ri sh n a av owe d ly
, , ,

fo ll o w t he R am ay a n a a n d M ah abh arata A c o n s id erabl e .

p o rti o n i s th en a pp ro p ri at e d t o i ns tru cti o n s f o r th e p e r

f o rma nce o f religi o u s c e re m o n i e s ; m an y o f Whi ch bel o n g
t o th e T an t r ik a r it u al a n d are a pp are ntly t ra n s c rib e d , , ,

fro m th e p ri n cip a l a u th o riti es o f th at sy stem S o m e .

b el o n g to m y stic al fo rm s o f S a i v a w o rsh ip littl e k n o wn ,

i n Hi n d u s th an t h o u gh p e rh ap s s till p ra cti s e d i n th e
, , ,

s o u th O n e o f th e s e i s th e D i k sh a o r i n iti ati o n o f a
.

novic e ; by which with n u m ero u s c erem o n i e s a n d i n

v o c a ti o n s i n which t h e m y s t er i o u s m o n o s yll abl e s o f
,

the T a nt ra s are c o n st a n tly rep e at e d th e d i s cipl e i s ,

tran sfo rm e d i n t o a liv i n g p ers o n ati o n o f S iv a and r e ,

ce iv e s i n th a t c a p a city t h e h o m a g e o f h i s G u ru
, I nter ,
.

A ly si
na Ag i P s of the n ura a : n Jou rna l of th e A i tic S ci ty
s a o e

of B ng l M ch
e a I, ar ,
have th e re s a e d tt ,
i c
n o rr e ctly th t
,
a

th e Ag i i V i hn P
n s a a s a va ura na . It is o ne of t he T am asa o r

Sa i va cl ass, a s m en ti o ned a b o ve .

S ee P ofr es s or W il s on s
’
c ll ct
o e ed wo
rks , Vol . III .
LX PRE FA C E
s p e rs e d th ese a re ch a pt er s d e s c riptiv e o f the e a rth
with
a n d o f th e u n i v e r s e w hich a re th e s a m e a s th o s e o f ,

th e Vi sh n u P uran a ; a n d Mahatm y a s o r l e g end s o f h o ly

pl a c es p artic ul a rly o f Gay a C h apt er s o n th e d u ti e s
,
r .

o f ki n g s a n d o n th e a rt o f w ar th e n o cc u r w hich h av e ,

t h e a pp e a ran c e o f b ei n g ex t ra ct e d fro m s o m e o ld er
w o rk a s i s u n d o u bt e d ly th e ch a pt er o n j u dic at ure
, , , ,

w hich fo ll o ws th em a n d which i s th e sa m e a s th e t ex t ,

o f th e M it ak s h a r a S u b se q u e nt t o th e s e w e h av e a n
.

a cc o u n t o f th e d i st rib u ti o n a n d arra n g e m e n t o f th e

Ve d a s an d P ura n a s which i s littl e el se th a n a n abri d g ,

m en t o f th e Vi sh n u ; a n d i n a ch apt er o n gift s we h av e , ,

a d e s c ripti o n o f th e P uran a s which i s p r e ci s ely th e ,

s a m e a n d i n th e s a m e s it u ati o n a s th e s i m il a r s u bj e ct
, ,

i n th e M a t s y a P u r an a T h e g en e al o gic a l ch a pt ers a re .

m e a g re li s t s d i fferin g i n a f ew r esp e ct s fro m th o s e

, , ,

c o m m o nly re ce ive d a s h ereaft e r n o tic e d but u n a cc o m , ,

a n i e d by a n p a rtic u l ar s s u ch a s th o s e re c o r d e d o r
p y
i nv en t e d i n th e Mark and ey a T he n ex t s u bj e ct i s m e di .

ci n e c o m pil e d a v o we d ly bu t i nj u d ici o u sly fro m t h e

, , , ,

S au s r u t a A s e ri e s o f ch a pt e rs o n th e m y s tic w o r s hip
’

o f S i v a a n d D e v i fo ll o w s ; a n d t h e w o rk wi n d s u w ith
p
tr ea ti s e s o n rh e t o ric p ro s o dy a n d g ra m m a r a cc o rd in g , , ,

t o t he S ntra s o f P i n g a l a a n d P an i ni .

T h e cy cl op ae d i cal ch ara cter o f t he A g n i P u ra n a a s ,

it i s n o w d e s c rib e d ex cl u d e s it fro m a ny l e giti m at e ,

cl a im s t o be re g ard e d a s a P uran a a n d p ro v e s th at its ,

Acc di or ng t o Dr . A f cht
u re :
“
H cpae ars , p ci
au s mu t ti
a s et add i ti s ,

ex Y aj nav al ky ae l eg u m c d ic
o e d es u m ta es t . T hen f ll
o ows
“
Ri gvi d hanam ,

i . e .
, Ri gved i hy m ni s i d i tich
ve s a ad i
var as su
p ers ti ti ones a dhi be nd a .

H ae c pars e Ri g vid hana lib ll q i e o, u et ip se s cra e o r i gi i i dici p

n s n a ra e se
“

f t xc pt
er e er a e st , m ul ti que vers u s ad l i teram cum ill oti cons en u nt.

Ca ta l og . Cod . Ma nuscr ip t , &c , p . . 7 .

 PRE FA C E .
'

LX I

or igi n c ann o t be v er y re m o e t
b s e q u en t t o th e
. It is su

It ih as a s t o th e chi e f wo rk s o n g ra m m a r rh et o ric a n d
, , ,

m e d ici n e a n d t o th e i n t ro d u cti o n o f th e T an t rik a

,

wo rsh ip o f D ev i Wh en th i s l a tt er t o o k pl a c e i s y e t
: ,

far fro m d et erm i n e d ; bu t th e re i s e v ery p ro b ability

th a t it d at e s l o n g a ft e r th e b egi nni n g o f o u r e ra T he .

m at e r i al s o f th e A g n i P ura n a a r e h o we v e r n o d o u bt , , ,

o f s o m e a n tiq u ity T h e m e dici n e o f S u s r u t a i s c o n

’

s i d e ra bl o l d e r th a n th e n i n th c e n t u ry ; a n d t h e g ra m
y
m a r o f P an i n i p ro b a bly p re c e d e s C hri s t ia n ity T he .

ch apt e rs o n a rch ery a n d arm s a n d o n r e g a l a d m in i s ,

t ra ti o n ,
are a l so d i s ti n g u i s h e d by a n e n ti r ely H i n d u

ch ara ct er a n d m u s t h av e b een wr itt en l o ng a n t eri o r

,

t o th e M o h a m m e d a n i n v a s i o n S o fa r th e A g n i P u r an a
.

i s v a l u a bl e a s e m b o dyi n g a n d p re s erv i n g r elic s o f

,

a n tiq u ity a lth o u gh c o m pil e d a t a m o r e r e c e n t d a t e

,
.

C ol o n el W ilf o rd ha s m a d e g rea t u s e o f a li s t o f
I

ki ng s d eri v e d fro m an app en d i x t o th e A g ni P uran a ,

which p ro fes s e s t o be th e s i x ty th i rd o r l a s t s e cti o n -

.

A s h e o b s e rv es it i s s el d o m fo u n d a n n ex e d t o t h e
,

P u ran a I h a v e n ev er m et w ith it a nd d o ubt it s ev e r

.
,

h a v i n g fo rm e d an y p art o f th e o rigi n a l c o m pil a ti o n .

It w o u l d a pp ea r fro m C ol o n el W ilfo rd s r e m ark s th at

,
’

th i s li s t n o tic es M o h am m e d a s th e i n stit ut o r o f a n era :

bu t h i s a cc o u n t o f thi s i s n o t v ery d i s ti n ct H e m e n .

ti o n s ex plicitly h o w ev er th a t th e li s t sp ea k s o f S ali
, , ,

v ah a n a a n d Vikram ad it a : a n d th i s i s q u it e s u ffici e n t
y
t o e s t abli sh i t s ch ara ct e r T he c o m pil e rs o f th e Pu rana s
.

we re n o t s u ch b u n gl er s a s t o b ri n g withi n th ei r ch ro

E y ssa on V i k ra m ad i ty a an d Sal i vaha n a : A s R es. .

, V o l IX .
,
LX II PRE FAC E .

n ol o so well k n ow n p er s o n ag e a s Vik ram ad i t a

gy a
y .

Th ere a re i n ,
a l l p a rt so f In d i a v ar i ou s c o m pil a ti o n s
,

a s cr ib e d t o th e P ur a n a s w hich n ev er fo rm e d a n or
, yp
ti o n o f th ei r c o nt e nt s a nd w hich alth ou gh o ff e rin g
, , ,

s o m eti m e s ,
u s efu l l o c a l i n fo rm a ti o n a n d v a l u a bl e a s ,

p re s erv in g p o p u l ar tra diti o n s are n o t i n j u s tic e t o be

, , ,

c o n fo u n d e d w ith th e P ur an a s s o a s t o c a u s e th em t o ,

be ch arg ed wit h e v en m o re s eri o u s err o rs a n d a n a

ch r o n i s m s th a n th o s e o f which th ey are g u ilty .

T h e t wo C o pi e s o f thi s wo r k i n th e lib ra ry o f th e
E a s t I n d i a C o m p a n y app r o p ri at e th e fi rs t h alf t o a
d e s cripti on of th e o r di n ary a n d o cc a s i o n al O b s erv an c e s
o f th e H i n d u s ,
i nt ersp er se d with a f ew l eg en d s T h e .

l atter h alf tre at s ex cl u s i v ely o f th e hi s t o ry o f R am a .

9 Bhav i shy a Pur ana

. .
“
T he P u r a n a i n whi ch Bra hm a,
h av in g d es crib e d th e g re atn es s o f th e s u n expl ai n e d t o , .

M anu th e e x i st en c e of th e w o rld a nd th e ch ara ct ers ,

o f a l l cr e at e d thi n g s i n th e c o u r s e o f th e A h o ra Kal a
, g p ,

th at i s c all e d th e Bha vi shy a ; th e s t o ri es b e i n g f or th e ,

m o s t p art th e ev en t s o f a fu t u r e p eri o d I t c o n t a in s
,
.

”
fo u rteen th o u s an d fiv e h u n d re d st anz as Thi s P uran a .
1
,

a s th e n a m e i m pli es s h o u ld be a b o o k o f p ro ph e ci e s
, ,

fo retellin g wh at will be ( bhav i shy ati ) a s th e M a t sy a ,

P u ra n a i n tim a t es W h eth er s u ch a wo rk ex i s t s i s
.
,

d o u btful T h e c o pi e s whic h app e ar t o be enti re a n d

’

.
, ,

o f which th er e a re th ree i n th e li brary o f th e E as t

I n d i a C o m p an y a gree i n g i n th e ir c o ntent s with two

, , ,

W fi fl i fi m l
 PRE FA C E L XI I I
in m y p o ss e s s i o n c o n t a i n ab o u t s ev en th o u san d s t an
,

zas Th ere i s a n o th er wo rk e ntitl e d th e Bha v i shy o t

.
,

t ara a s if it wa s a c o n ti n u ati o n o r s u ppl em en t o f th e

,

form er c o n ta i n i n g a l s o a b o u t s e v en th o u s an d v erse s :
, , ,

bu t th e s u bj e ct s o f b o th th e s e w o rk s ar e bu t t o a v e ry
i m p erfe ct d e g ree a nal o g o u s t o th o s e t o w hich the Mat
1
s a a ll u d es
y .

T h e Bha v i shy a P ura n a a s I h av e it i s a wo rk i n a , ,

h un d re d a n d twen ty six sh o rt ch apter s r ep e at e d by -

,

S u m a n t u t o Sat an i k a a ki n g o f th e Pandu fa m ily H e ,

.

n o tic e s h o we v e r i t s h av i n g o r igi n a t e d w ith S w a a m bh u

, , y
o r B ra h m a a n d d es c r ib e s it a s c o n s i s ti n g o f fi v e p a rt s ;
,

fo u r d e dic at e d it s h o u ld s e em t o as m any d e iti e s a s

, , ,

th ey are t erm e d B rah m a V a i sh n av a S ai v a a n d T wash

, , , ,

tra ; whil s t th e fifth i s th e Pra ti s arga o r rep ea t e d cre

a ti o n P o s s ibly th e fi rs t p art o nly m ay h av e c o m e
.
,

i n t o m y h an d s ; alth ou gh it d o e s n o t s o app ear by the

m a n u s cr ipt .

W h at ev er it m ay be th e wo rk i n q u e s ti o n i s n o t a ,

P uran a T h e fi r st p o rti o n i n d ee d t re a t s of cre ati o n ;

.
, ,

bu t it i s littl e el s e th a n a t ran s c ript o f th e wo rd s o f

t h e fi rst ch a pt e r o f M a n u T h e r e s t i s en ti re ly a m a n ual .

o f r eligi o u s r it e s a n d c e rem o n i e s I t expl a in s th e t en .

S a ms k ara s o r i n iti a t o ry r it e s ; th e p erfo rm an c e o f the

S a n d hy a; t h e rev eren c e t o be sh o wn t o a G u ru ; th e
d uti e s o f th e d ifferent A s ra m a s an d c a st es ; an d enj o i n s
'

a n u m b e r o f Vra t a s o r O b s erv a n c e s o f fa s ti n g a n d th e

C l o one lV a ns K e nn e d y tt s a es th ta he h a d “
no t b e en a bl e

to p c ro u re th e Bha vi s hy a P ur a n a , n o r ev e n to o bt i a n a ny a cc t o un

c t t
o f i ts o n en s .
” R ch i t
e s ear es n o th e Nt a u re a nd A ffi ity f
n o

A ci t d H i
n en an nd u Myth l gy o o ,
no et .
LX VI PRE FA CE .

l ik e, pp ro p ri ate t o differen t l u n a r d ay s A few l eg en d s

a .

enli v e n th e s e ri e s o f p r e c e pts Th at o f th e s a g e C hy a .

v a n a i s t o l d a t c o n s i d e ra bl e l e n gth t a k e n chi e fly fro m , , ,

th e M a h abh ara t a T h e N ag a P an ch a m i o r fifth l u n ati o n

.
,

s a c re d t o t h e s erp e n t g o d s i v e s r i se t o a d e s c ri t i o n
’

g p
-
,

o f d i ffe re nt s o rt s o f s n ak e s A ft er th e se whic h o cc u py
.
,

a b o u t o n e thi r d o f th e c h a pt e r s t he r e m a i n d e r o f th e m ,

c o n fo rm i n s u bj e ct t o o n e o f th e t o pic s referre d t o by
, ,

th e M a t s y a Th ey chi efly r ep re s en t c o n v ers a ti o n s be

.

twe en K ri sh n a hi s s o n S am b a —wh o ha d be co m e a l ep e r
, ,

by th e c u rs e o f D urv as a s —Va s i shtha N ara d a a n d , , ,

Vy asa u p o n th e p o wer a n d gl o ry o f th e S u n an d t he
, ,

m a n n er i n which h e i s t o be wo rs hipp e d Th ere i s .

“

s o m e c u r i o u s m a tt e r i n th e l a s t ch apt e r s rel at i n t
g o ,

th e M ag a s s il ent w orshipp e rs o f th e s u n fro m S ak a

, ,

d wi p a ; a s if th e c o m pil e r h a d a d o pt e d th e P e rs i a n t erm
M a gh a n d c o nn e cte d th e fire wo rshipp ers o f I ra n with
,
-

th o se o f I n dia Thi s i s a s u bj e ct h o wev er th at re q u i re s

.
, ,

furth e r i nv e s tig ati o n .

T he Bhav i s hy o tt a ra i s e q u a lly with th e p re c e di n g

, ,

a s o r t o f m an u a l o f religi o u s o ffic e s ; th e g re a t er p o rti o n

b e i ng a pp ro p ri a t e d t o Vra t a s a n d th e rem ai n d er to , ,

th e fo rm s a n d ci rc u m s t an c es with which gift s a re to

be p re s en t e d M a ny of th e c erem o n i e s are o b so l et e
.
,

o r a re o b s e r v e d i n a d i ffe ren t m a n n er a s th e R a th a ,

y atra o r car fes tiv al an d the Ma d ano ts av a o r festiv a l

'

-
,

o f s p ri n g T h e d e s cripti o ns o f th e s e th r ow som e light

.

u p o n th e p u blic c o n d iti o n o f th e H i n d u r eligi o n a t a

p eri o d p ro b ably p ri o r t o th e M o h a m m e d an c o n qu e s t .

T h e d i ffe ren t c erem o n i e s a re ill u s trat e d by l eg en d s ,

wh ich are s o m eti m es a n ci e n t ; a s f o r i n s t a n c e th e d e

, , , ,

s tr u cti o n o f th e o d o f l o v e by S i v a a n d h i s th en c e
g ,
L XV I PRE FA CE .

th e Varaba Av atara of Vi sh n u whic h s eem s t o be

,
—
i nt en d ed by th e M at sy a — n o r any r eferen c e t o a Ra
,

th a n t a ra K alp a It m ay al s o be o b serv e d th at i n
.
, ,

d es c r ibi n g th e m e r it o f p re s en ti n g a c o py o f th i s Pu
r an a th e M a t s y a a d d s : W h oev er m ak e s s u ch gift i s
)

“
,

h o n o u r e d i n t h e B r ah m a l o k a a s ph er e which i s o f
-

v e ry i n fe r i o r dig n ity t o th a t t o wh ich a w o r s hipp e r o f

Kri sh n a i s ta u ght t o a spi re by th i s P uran a T h e ch a .

r a ct e r o f th e w o rk i s i n t r u th s o d e ci d e d ly s e ct ari al
, ,
,

a n d th e s e ct t o which it b el o n g s s o di s ti n ctly m ark e d ,

th at o f t h e w o rshipp ers o f th e j u v en il e Kri s h n a a n d

R d h a a fo rm o f b eli ef o f k n own m o d ern o rigi
a ,
n —th at ,

it ca n s c ar c ely h av e fo u n d a n o tice i n a w o rk t o which ,

lik e th e M at s y a a m u ch m ore rem ot e d at e s eem s t o

,

b el o n g A lth o u gh th erefo re th e M atsy a m ay be re

.
, ,

c e i v e d i n p r o o f o f th e re h a v i n g b e en a B r ah m a V a i

v a rta P uran a a t th e d a t e o f i t s c o m pil a ti o n

'

d e dic at e d ,

e sp e ci ally t o th e h o n o u r o f Kr 1 s h na e t w e c ann o t
y ,

c re d it th e p o s s ibility o f i ts b ei n g th e s a m e w e n ow
p o s se s s .

A lth o u gh s o m e o f th e l e g en d s b eli ev e d t o be a n ci e n t
a r e s c att e re d th r o u gh t h e d i ffe r e n t p o rti o n s o f thi s

P u ran a y et th e g reat m a s s o f it i s t ak e n u p with tire

,

s o m e d e s c ripti o n s o f Vri n d av a n a a n d G o l o k a th e d well ,

i n g s o f Kri s hn a o n e arth a n d i n h e av e n ; with e n d l es s

r e p e titi o n s o f p ra y er s a n d i nv o c a ti o n s a d d ress e d t o
h i m ; a n d w ith i n s ipid d e s c ripti o n s o f hi s p ers o n a n d
s p o rt s a n d th e l o v e o f th e Go i s a n d o f Rad h a t o war d s
, p r

h i m T here a re s o m e p artic ul ars o f th e o rigi n o f th e

. ,

m ea 3m m 3
di mm e ra was ? 0 ) w a s with ? u
 PRE FA C E . LX VII

arti ficer ca st es which i s of v al u e b eca u se it i s cit e d as

,
-

a u th o r ity i n m a tt er s a ffe cti n g th em—c o n t a i n e d i n t h e

B rah m a K h a n d a ; a n d i n th e P rakriti an d G a n e sa ,

K h a n d a s are l e g en d s o f th o s e d iv i n iti e s n o t wh olly

, , ,

p erh ap s m o d ern i nv enti o n s bu t o f which the s o u rc e

, ,

h a s n o t b e en t ra c ed In th e life o f K ri s h n a th e i h
.
,

c i d e n t s r e c o r d e d ar e th e s a m e a s th o s e n a rr a t e d i n th e

Vi sh n u a n d th e B h ag av at a ; bu t th e s t o ri es ab s ur d a s ,

th ey are a re m u ch c o m p re s s e d t o m ak e r o o m fo r o ri
, ,

gi mal m a tte r s till m o re p u eril e an d ti re s o m e T he

“

B rah m a Vaiv art a h a s n o t th e slight es t titl e t o be re

g ard e d a s a P u ran a .
1

1 1 L i n g a P u ran a Wh ere Mah e swara p res en t i n

’
“ “

. .
,

th e A g n i L i n g a ex pl a i n e d (th e o bj e cts o f life) v i rt u e

, ,

we alth pl e a s u r e a n d fi n al lib erati o n at th e e n d o f th e

, ,

Agn i K alp a th a t Purana c o n s i s ti n g o f el ev e n th o u sa n d

, ,

s t a n z a s w a s c all e d th e Lai n ga by B ra h m a hi m self

,
.

T h e L i n g a P ur a n a c o n fo rm s a cc u rat ely en o u gh t o , ,

thi s d es cripti o n T he K alp a i s s a id t o be th e I s a n a :

.

bu t thi s i s th e o nly diff er en c e I t c o n s i st s o f el ev en .

th o u san d st a nz a s I t i s s a i d t o h av e b e en o rigin ally

.

c o m p o s ed by B rahm a; a n d the p rim itiv e L i n g a i s a

A ly si s
na of th e B rah m a V a i v a rta P ur a n a : J o u rna l of th e

A si tic
a So ie c ty B eng l Ju ne
of a , ,

a te s a we : are 3 5 1 Hea t
n arr
-
1
a mi a wfi mw i m m fiaa a i ra
‘

W W W ni W n aa m a m |
m m w a a a a a a a a

I t
ns ead of P f
ro es s or W il s on 3 Hiatu st
—
i &c .
,
o ne of the MS S . Ih ave

s e en has 3 a n oth e i ,
a nd an othei , Hi m
wh il e the f ou r th i s here cm ru pt p t
as m end i ng by c on e j ct u re .

1 S ee P f ro es s or W il s on s
’
c ll ct
o e ed works , Vol . III .
L XVII I PRE FA C E .

pill ar of ra d i an c e i n which Mah e swara i s p res ent T he

'

.
,

w ork i s th ere fo re t he s am e a s th a t r efe rre d t o by th e

, ,

M at s y a .

A s h o rt a cc o u nt i s giv en i n th e b e gi nn i n g o f el e , ,

m e nt a l a n d s e c o nd ary c rea ti o n a n d o f th ep a t ri arch al ,

fa m ili e s ; i n which h o wev er S iv a t ak e s th e pl a c e o f

, ,

Vi sh n u a s th e i n d e s crib abl e ca u s e o f all thi n g s B ri ef

,
.

a cc o u n t s o f S i v a s i n c a rn a ti o n s a n d
’
p r o c ee di n g s i n
d i ffe re n t K a lp a s n ex t o cc u r o ff e ri n g n o i nt ere s t ex c ept
, ,

a s ch a ra ct e r i s tic o f s e ct a ri a l n o ti o n s T h e app eara n c e .

o f th e g re a t fi e ry L i n g a t ak es pl a c e i n t h e i nt e rv al o f ,

a c re a ti o n t o s ep a ra t e Vi s h n u a n d B rah m a wh o n o t
, ,

o n ly d i sp u t e th e p a l m o f s u p r e m a cy but fi ght f o r it ; ,

w h e n th e L i n g a s u dd e n ly sp r i n g s up a n d p u t s th e m ,

b o th t o sh am e ; a s a ft er trav elli n g u p wa rd s an d d own

,

wa rd s f o r a th o u s an d y e a rs i n e a ch d ir e cti o n n e ith e r ,

c a n a pp r o a ch t o i t s t e rm i n a ti o n U p o n t h e L i n g a th e
'

s a c re d m o n o s yll a bl e O m i s v i s ibl e ; a n d th e V e d a s ro
p
c ee d fr o m i t by which B rah m a a n d Vi sh n u b e c o m e
,

e nlight e n e d a n d a ck n o wl e d g e an d e u l o giz e th e s u p e r i o r
,

m ig ht a n d gl ory o f S iv a .

A n o tic e o f th e c re a ti o n i n th e P a d m a K alp a th en
fo ll ows ; a n d thi s l ea d s t o p rai s es o f S i v a by Vi sh n u
a n d B ra h m a S iv a rep eat s th e st o ry o f h i s i n c arn a
.

ti o n s twen ty eight i n n u m b er ; i nten d e d a s a c o u n ter

,
-

p a rt n o d o u bt t o th e twe n ty fo u r Av ataras o f Vi sh n u
, ,
-
,

a s d e s c r ib e d i n th e B h ag av a t a ; a n d b o th be i n g a m pli

fi cati o n s o f th e o rigi n a l t en A v atara s an d o f m u ch l e s s ,

m e rit a s ficti o n s A n oth e r i n s t a n c e o f r i v al r y o cc urs

.

i n th e l e g e n d o f D a d h i ch i a M u ni a n d wo r s hipp e r o f
, ,

S i v a In th e B h ag a v at a th ere i s a sto ry o f A m bari sha

.
,

b ei n g d efe n d e d a g a i n st D urv as as by th e d i s c u s o f Vi sh n u ,
 PRE FA C E L XI X
a g a i n st which th a t S a i v a s a g e i s h elpl e s s H ere Vi sh n u .
,

h u rl s h i s d i s c u s at D a dh i chi : bu t it fall s bl u n t e d t o , ,

th e g ro u n d ; an d a c on flict e n s u e s i n which Vi sh n u ,

a n d h i s p arti s a n s a r e al l ov e rth r o wn by t h e M u n i .

A d e s cripti o n o f th e u n i v ers e a n d o f th e re g al d y ,

n a s ti e s o f th e Va i v a sw at a Man w a n t ara t o th e ti m e of

Kri sh n a r un s th ro u gh a n u m b er of ch apt ers i n s ub

, ,

st a n c e
,
an d v ery c o mm o nly i n w o r d s th e s am e a s i n
, , ,

o th e r Pu ra n as ; a ft er which th e wo rk r e s um es i t s p r o p e r

ch ara ct er n arratin g l e g en d s an d enj o i n i n g rit e s a n d

, , ,

r e citi n g p ra y e r s i n t en di n g t o d o h o n o u r t o S i v a u n d e r
,

v a ri o u s fo rm s A lth o u gh h o w ev er t h e L i n g a h o l d s a
.
, ,

p ro m i n en t pl a c e am on g s t th em th e S pi rit of th e w orsh ip ,

i s a s littl e i n fl u en c e d by th e ch ara ct er o f t h e typ e a s

c an w ell be i m a gi n e d Th ere i s n o thi n g lik e th e ph allic
.

o rgi e s o f a n tiq u ity : it i s all m y s tic al a n d s pi rit u al T he .

L i n ga i s two fo ld ext ern al a n d i nt ern al T h e ign o ran t

,
.
,

w h o n e e d a v i s ibl e s ign wo r s hi p S i v a th r o u gh a m ark ‘ ’

typ e —which i s th e p rop er m ean i n g o f th e w o r d

,
‘ ’
or
‘
L in g a —of wo o d o r st o n e ; bu t th e w i se l o o k u p o n
’
,

thi s o u twar d em bl em a s n o thin g an d c o nt em pl a t e i n , ,

th e i r m in d s th e i nv i s ibl e i n s cr u tabl e typ e which i s

, , ,

S iv a him s elf Wh at ev er m ay h av e b een the origi n o f

.

th i s fo rm o f w o rship i n I n d i a th e n o ti o n s u p o n wh ich ,

it wa s fo u n d e d a cc ord i n g t o th e i m p u re fan ci e s o f
,

E u ro p e a n writ ers are n o t t o be tra c e d i n ev en th e

‘

S aiv a P uran a s .

D at a for c onj e ct uri ng th e era of thi s werk are d e

f ect i v e Bu t it i s m o re a rit u al th an a P u ran a ; a n d th e
'

Pa u ranik ch apt er s w hich it ha s i n s ert e d i n o r d er t o

“

k eep u p s o m ethin g o f i ts ch ara cter h av e been ev id ently , , ,

b orro wed fo r the p urp o se T he i n carnati ons of Siv a .

,
LX X PRE FA C E
‘ ’
an d th ei r p u pil s a s sp e cifi e d i n o n e pl a c e an d th e
, ,

i m p o rt anc e att a ch e d t o th e p ra ctic e o f th e Y o g a r en d er ,

it p o s sibl e th at u n d er th e fo rm er are i nt en d e d th o s e
, ,

t e a ch er s o f th e S a i v a r eligi o n wh o b el o n g to th e Y o g a
1
s ch o o l which s e em s t o h av e fl o u r i s h e d a b o u t th e
,

e igh th or n i n th c en t u ri e s It i s n o t lik ely th at th e w ork

.

i s e arl i e r : i t m ay be c o n s i d erably l at er I t h a s p re .

se rv e d app aren tly

, s o m e S a i v a l e g en d s o f a n e a
,
rly

d a t e ; bu t t h e gr e at er p art i s rit u a l an d m y stici sm o f

c o m p arativ e ly re c en t i ntro d u cti o n .

1 2 Varah a P uran a
. Th at i n which th e gl ory of
.
“

th e g re at Varah a i s p re d o m i n an t a s it was rev e al e d t o ,

E arth by Vi sh n u i n c o n n ex i o n w i s e M u n i s with th e
, , ,

M an av a K alp a an d wh ich con t ain s tw e n ty fo ur th o u

'

-
,
”
s an d v e r s e s i s c all e d th e V a1 a h a P u r an a
2
, .

It m ay be d o ubte d if th e Varaba P uran a o f th e p re

s en t d a
y i s h er e i n t en d e d I t i s n arr a t e d by Vi sh n u .

a s V araba o r i n th e b o ar i n c arn ati o n t o th e p er s o n ifi e d

, ,

E arth It s ext ent h o w ev er i s n ot h alf th a t s p e cifi e d ;

.
, ,

littl e ex c ee d i n g t en th o u s an d st anz a s I t fu rni sh e s al s o .

, ,

its elf ev i d en c e o f th e p r i o r c urren cy o f s o m e o th er

,

w ork s i m il arly d en o m i n at e d ; a s i n th e d es c ripti o n o f

, ,

M ath u ra c o nt a i n e d i n it S u m an t u a M u n i i s m a d e to
, , ,

o b s erv e : T h e di v i n eV ar ah a i n fo rm er ti m e s ex p o u n d e d
“

a P u ra n a f o r th e p u rp o s e o f s o l v i n g th e p erpl ex ity o f
,

E arth .

S ee A s i tic R a e s ea r ch es , Vol . XV II p . . 1 87 .

2
warm s : “ ai m s: a
f m mfi i f s m m fi a«ga in
j
-
a
w as : RE EF! W EI {if -11 m m :

S ee Professor W il s on s
’
c ll cti
o e ve works , Vol . I, p
. . 20 5 .
 P RE F A C E . LX X I
No r Va raba P u ra n a be re g ard e d a s a P u ran a
ca n th e
a g re e ably t o th e c o m m o n d efi n iti o n ; a s it c o n t a i n s bu t

a f e w s c att er e d a n d b ri e f al l u s i o n s t o th e c re a ti o n o f

th e wo rld an d th e r e ig n o f ki n g s : it h a s n o d et a il e d
g en eal o gi e s e ith er o f th e p atri a rch al o r r e g al fa m ili e s
, ,

a n d n o a cc o u n t o f th e r e ig n s o f t h e M a n u s L ik eth e .

L i n g a P a ran a it i s a religi o u s m an u al al m o st w h o lly

, ,

o cc u pi e d w ith fo rm s o f p r a y e r a n d r u l es f o r d e v o ti o n a l

O b serv an c es a d dre ss e d t o Vi sh n u ; i nt ersp erse d w ith

,

l eg en d ary ill u s trati o n s mo st o f which ar e p e c u li ar t o ,

it self th o u gh s o m e are t ak e n fro m th e c o m m o n a n d

,

an ci en t st o ck M an y of th em r ath er i n c o m p a tibly with

.
,

th e g en e ra l s c o p e o f th e c o m pil ati o n r el a t e t o t h e ,

h i st o ry o f S i v a an d D u rg a 1
o
A c o n s i d erabl e p o rti o n .

o f th e w ork i s d ev o t e d t o d es c r ipti o n s o f v ari o u s

T i rth a s pl a c es o f V a i s h n av a pilg ri m a g e ; an d o n e o f
,

M ath u ra en t er s i nt o a v ari ety o f p artic u l ar s rel ati n g t o

th e s h ri n es o f th at cit c o n s tit u ti n g th e M a th u r a Ma
y ,

h at m y a .

In th e ct ari a ni sm of th e Varah a P ura n a th ere i s

se

n o l e an i n g t o th e p artic ul ar a d o r a ti o n o f K ri sh n a ; n o r

are th e Ra th a atr a a n d J an m ash ta m i i n cl u d e d a m o n g s t

y
th e O b s erv a n c e s enj o i n e d Th ere are o th er i n d ic a ti o n s.

o f i t s b e l o n gi n g t o a n earli e r s t a g e o f V a i s h n av a w o r

s hip ; an d it m a p e rh ap s be r ef e rr e d t o th e a ge o f
y , ,

Ram an uj a th e e arly p art o f th e t welfth c ent u ry

,
.

O ne of th
t l t d by C l l V K d y th
es e is r an s a e o one a ns e nn e ,
e

or i g i f th
n o S k ti ged d th S w
r ee ti L k h m i
a d s or o e s s es , a ra s a ,
a s ,
an

P a ti R
rv a ch i t th N t
. e s e ard A ffi ity f A ci t
es d n o e a u re a n n o n en an

H i d Myth l gy p 209 T h T i S k ti Mah atmy cc

n u o o , . . e r a a o u rs as

h gi
e it i m y py d i
ve s ,
n f i d ic ti f th i d
Co ,
an s
,
so ar , an n a on o e en

tity f th V ah P
o e i th di ff
ar t MS S a u ra n a n e er e n .
L XX II PRE FA C E .

1 3 S k an d a
. P u ra n a .
“
T h e S k an d a P u ra n a i s th at i n
w hich th e s ix fa c e d d e ity ( S k a n d a ) h a s r el at e d th e
-

ev en t s o f t h e T a tp u r u s h a K alp a e nl arg e d w ith m an y

'

t al e s a n d su b s erv i en t t o th e d u ti es t a u ght by M ah e
,

Is i s s a id t o c o nt a i n e igh ty o n e th o u s an d o n e
'

s wa ra -

h u n d re d st an z a s : s o it i s a ss e rt e d a m o n g st m an ki n d .

I t i s u n iform ly a g reed th at th e S k an d a P ura n a i n a ,

c o ll e cti v e fo rm h a s n o e x i st en c e ; a n d th e fra g m en t s i n
, ,

th e s h ap e of S a i nh i t as K h a n d a s a n d Mah atm y a s w hich

, , ,

a r e a ffi rm e d i n v ari o u s p art s o f I n di a t o be p o rti o n s ,

o f t h e P u ra n a p re s ent a m u ch m or e fo rm id abl e m a s s
,

o f s t an z a s th an e v e n th e i m m en s e n u m b er o f w hich it

i s s a i d t o c o n s i s t T h e m o st c el eb rat e d o f th e s e p o rti o n s
.
,

i n H i n d u sth an i s th e K as i K h a nd a a v ery m i n u t e d e
' '

, ,

s cr ipti o n o f th e t em pl e s o f S i v a i n o r a dj a c en t t o Be

n a re s ,
m i x e d w ith di re cti o n s f o r w o rs hippi n g M ah e
s war a a n d a g re a t v a r i e ty o f l e g en d s e x pl a n a t o ry o f
'

i t s m er it s an d o f th e h olin e s s o f K as i M an y o f th e m
'

ar e p u e r il e a n d u n i n t e r e s ti n g ; bu t s o m e ar e o f a high e r

ch ara ct er T he s t o ry o f A g a s ty a r e c o r d s p ro b ably i n
.
, ,

a l e g e n d a r y s tyl e th e p r o p a g ati o n o f H i n d u i s m i n th e
,

s o u th o f I n d i a ; a n d i n th e h i s t o ry o f Di v o d as a ki n g
,
-

o f K as i w e h av e a n em b elli sh e d t ra d iti o n o f th e t em
'

o r ar d ep r e s s i o n o f th e w o rsh ip o f S i v a ev en i n i t s
p y ,

m e tr o p o li s b efo r e t h e a s c en d a n cy o f th e fo ll o w ers of
,

B u d d ha Th ere i s ev ery r e a s o n t o b eli ev e th e gre at er

.
’

a s nfi n t m fiw fiq m wag e
"
i t :

a s : a reas
a n ai r a n n m
- am
( arrf an d fi m fi fafnw fi
“

new a rt 3 6 1 a wri ts! min in

“

T he l e
g e nd is t l t
ra n s a e d by C l o o ne l V a ns K e nn e d y : Re ~
LX XI V PRE FAC E .

P uran a c o nt a i n s s ix S a i nhi tas h u n d re d K h a n d a s

,
fi ve ,

a n d fi v e h u n d re d th o u s a n d s t a n z a s ; m o re th a n i s ev e n

a tt rib u t e d t o al l th e P u r an a s H e thi n k s j u dgi n g fro m

.
,

i nt ern al ev id en c e th at al l th e K h an d a s a nd S amhit as
,

m ay be a d m itt e d t o be g en u in e th o u g h th e Mah at m y as ,

h av e ra th er a q u e sti o n abl e app e aran c e No w o n e ki n d .

,

o f i n t er n al ev i d en c e i s t h e q u an tity ; a n d a s n o m o re ,

th a n eighty o n e th o u s an d o ne h u n d re d stanza s h av e ev er
-

b e e n cl a i m e d f or it all i n ex c es s ab ov e th at am o u n t
,

m u s t be q u e sti o n abl e .Bu t m an y o f th e K h an d a s th e K as i

'

K h a n d a f or i n stan c e ar e q u it e a s l o Cal a s th e M ah at
, ,

m y a s ; b e i n g l e g e n d ary s t o ri e s r el ati n g t o th e er e cti o n

a n d s an ctity o f c e rt a i n t em pl e s or g ro u p s o f t e m pl e s , ,

a n d t o c ert a i n L i n g a s ; th e i n t er e s t e d o r igi n o f wh i ch

r en d er s th em v ery r e a s o n ably
,
o bj e ct s o f s u s pici o n ,
.

In th e p res en t s t at e of o ur a cq u a i nt an c e with th e re
u te d p o rti o n s of th e S k a n d a P u ra n a m o wn v i ews o f
p y ,

th e ir a u th en ticity are s o o pp o se d t o th o s e en tert a i n e d by

Col o n el Va n s K e n n e dy th a t i n st ea d of a d m ittin g all th e
, ,

S amhit as an d K h a n d a s t o be g en u i n e I d o u bt if a ny ,

o n e o f th e m w a s ev er a p art o f t h e S k a n d a P ur an a .

1 4 V am an a P ur a n a
. Th at i n which th e fo ur fa c e d
.
“ -

B rahm a tau ght th e three o bj e ct s o f ex i st en c e a s s ub ,

s erv i e n t t o th e a cc o u nt o f th e g r e at n e s s o f T ri v ikra m a ,

which t re at s al s o o f th e S iv a K alp a a n d which c o n s i s t s

, , ,
”
o f t en th o u s an d st a n z a s i s c all e d th e V am an a P u ran a
1
.
,

fa fi i m w w w w s tasi s :
fa a wi m m n n a w n fi ft afifnaa u
Em a m en GIT? ma rt i ni firm
i r i r ” 1

J
r
But
P f
s ee

ro ess or
the
W il
e nd

s on
of

here
my thi d
omitt
r

ed
t
no e

a
i n p XX V ,
word of t wo s
. I s up r a

yll bla es
.

—p b bly,
ro a ,
 PRE FA C E L XX V
T h e Vam an a P uran a c o nt a i n s
cc o un t o f th e an a

d warf i n c arn ati o n o f Vi sh n u : bu t it i s r el at e d by P ul a

s ty a t o N ara d a a n d e x t e n d s t o bu t a b o u t s ev e n th o u
,

s an d st a n z a s It s c o n t e n t s s c a r c ely est abli s h i ts cl a im

.

to th e ch a ra ct er of a P ur an a
1
.

Th ere i s littl e o r n o o r d er i n th e s u bj e ct s which thi s

w o rk r e c apit u l at e s an d w hich ar i se o u t o f r e pl i e s m a d e
,

by Pul a stya t o qu esti o n s p u t ab ruptly a n d un co nn e c ,

t e d l y by N ara d a
,
Th e great er p art o f th em r el at e t o
.

th e wo r ship o f th e L i n g a ; a ra th er stra n g e t o pic f or a

Va i sh n av a P u r an a bu t e ngro s s in g th e p ri n cip al p art
,

o f t h e c o m pil ati o n Th ey are h owev er s u b s erv i en t

.
, ,

t o th e o bj e ct o f ill u st rati n g t h e s an ctity o f c e rt a i n h o ly

pl a ce s ; s o th at th e V am ana P u ra n a i s littl e el s e th a n
a s u cc ess i o n o f Mah at m y a s Th u s i n th e o p en i n g .
, ,

a l m o s t o f th e w o rk o cc u r s th e s t o r y o f D ak s h a s s a c r i
’
,

fi ce th e o bj e ct o f w hich i s t o s en d S iv a t o P ap am o
,

ch an a T i rth a a t B en ar e s wh ere h e i s r el e a s e d fro m

, ,

th e s i n o f Brahm an i cid e N ex t c o m e s th e s t o ry of t h e .

b u rn i n g o f K am a d ev a f or th e p u rp o s e o f ill u strati n g
,

th e h oli n e ss o f a S i v a li n g a at Ke d are s wara i n th e

'
-

H im al ay a an d o f Ba d arik asram a T h e l arg er p art of

,
.

th e w o rk c o n s i s t s o f th e S a r o m ah atm y a o r l e g e n d a ry -
,

ex e m l ifi ca t i o n s o f t h e h o li n es s o f S th anu T i rth a ; th a t
p

F ro m th e e x t ct s f
ra ro m th e V am a n a Pa ra n a t l t d by
r a ns a e

C l
o o ne lV K a ns e nn e d y pp ,
. 2 93 , et s e
q .
,
it pp
a ear s th t hi c py
a s o

so fa r c sp d
o rre on s w ith m i ne ; and th e th f
w o rk i s , er e o r e , p ro
b bly th
a ,
e s am e . T w c pi
o o es i n th e C m p y lib y l
o an
’
s ra r a s o a re e
g
w ith m i ne .
L XX V I PRE FA C E .

is , of th e s an ctity o f v ar o u s i L in gas
c e rt a i n p o o l s an d
a t Th an e s a r a nd K u r u k h e t th e c o u n t ry n o rth w e s t
,
-

fro m D elhi T he re are s om e s t o ri e s a l s o r el ati n g t o

.
, ,

th e h o li n e s s o f th e G o d av a ri r i v er : bu t th e g e n e ral
s it e o f th e l e g e n d s i s i n H in d u sth an In th e c o u rs e o f .

th e s e a cc o u n t s w e h av e a l o n g n arrativ e o f th e m ar
,

r i a e o f S i v a w i t h U m a a n d t h e bi r th o f K arttik ey a
g ,
.

T h ere are a f ew b r i ef all u s i o n s t o c r e ati o n a n d t h e

Ma n w a n t ara s ; bu t th ey ar e m er ely i n cid en t al : a n d all
th e fi v e ch ar a ct e ri stic s o f a P ur an a a re d efici en t In .

n o tici n g th e S w ar o chi sh a Ma n wa n t ara t o w ar d s th e ,

e n d o f th e b o o k th e e l ev ati o n o f B ali a s m o n ar ch o f
,

th e D ai ty a s an d h i s s u bj u g a ti o n o f t h e u n iv ers e th e
, ,

g o d s i n cl u d e d a re d e s crib e d ; an d thi s l ea d s t o th e
,

n a rr a ti o n th at gi v e s i t s titl e t o th e P ur a n a the bi rth ,

o f K ri sh n a a s a d w a rf f o r th e p u rp o s e o f h u m ili ati n g
,

B ali by fra u d a s h e w a s inv i n cibl e by for c e T h e s t ory

,
.

i s t o l d a s u su al ; but th e s c e n e i s l a i d a t Ku ru k sh etra .

A m o r e m i n u t e e x am i n ati o n o f th i s w o rk th a n th a t
w hich h a s b ee n giv e n t o it m ight p erh ap s d i s c o v e r
, , ,

s o m e hi n t fro m w hich t o c o nj e ct u r e i t s d a te I t i s of .

a m o r e t o l eran t ch a ra ct er th a n th e P u ra n a s a n d d iv id es ,

i t s h o m a g e b etwe e n S i v a an d Vi sh n u w ith t o l erabl e

i m p a rtiality It i s n o t c onn e cte d th ere fo re w ith an y
.
, ,

s e ct a r i a l p r i n cipl es an d m a h av e p r e c e d e d th e i r i n
, y
t ro d u ct i o n It h a s n o t h o w ev e r th e a ir o f an y a n ti
'

.
, ,

u i t ; a n d i t s c o m pil a ti o n m a h a v e am u s e d th e l e i s u r e
q y y
o f s o m e B rah m a n o f B e n a re s th r e e o r fo u r c en t u r i e s a o
g .

1 5 Knrm a P ur a n a
. Th at i n w h ich J an ar d an a i n
.
“
,

th e fo rm o f a t o rt o i s e i n t h e r e gi o n s u n d e r th e e arth
ex pl a i n e d th e o bj e ct s o f life —d u ty
, ,

w e alth pl ea su re
a n d lib er a ti o n —
, , ,

i n c o m m u n ic ati o n w ith In d ra d y nm n a
 PRE FA C E L XX V II
an d th e R i shi s p ro x im ity o f S ak ra which refer s
i n th e ,

t o th e Lak sh m i K alp a an d c o n ta in s s ev ent een th ou s a n d

,
”1
t z
s a n a s, i s t h e Knrm a P uran a .

In th e fi rs t ch apt er o f th e Knrm a P u ran a it giv es ,

a n a cc o u n t o f it self which d o es n o t ex a ctly a g r e e with

,

thi s d e s c ripti o n S nta w h o i s r ep eati n g th e n a rrati o n

.
, ,

i s m a d e t o s a v t o th e R i shi s : Thi s m o st ex c ell e n t “

K a u rm a P ura n a i s th e fifte enth S arnh it as a re fo u rfo l d .

,

fro m th e v ari e ty o f th e c o ll e cti o n s : T h e Br ahm i Bh a ,

a v a ti S a u ri a n d V a i sh nav i ar e w ell k n o w n a s th e
g , ,

fo u r S a rnhit as which c o n fer v i rt u e w e alth pl e a s u re , , ,

a n d lib e ra ti o n T h i s i s th e B r ah m i S a rn
. h i t a c o n fo rm a bl e ,

t o th e fo u r V e d a s ; i n wh ic h th e re are s i x t h o u s a n d
'

s l o k a s ; a n d by it th e i m p o rt a n c e o f th e fo u r o bj e c t s o f
, ,

life O gre at s a g e s h oly k n o wl e dg e a n d Para m e s wara

'

, ,
”
i s k n o wn . Th ere i s an i rre c o n cil abl e differen c e i n
thi s sp e cific ati o n of th e n u m b er o f st anz a s an d th at

rtim e Ta t t ha n fl
as W a T
'
- “
n -
“

( su s

{ w an e s ae fi r
fii : t nm fa sfi
R ag a w mW a mrfi m a n

{i s! ve g a n an d
‘'

w as i
st sh ar ent g e t nfemm when :
’

a
’

menm wadi t he fin d ? i t nefi fiim :

nae : t if s at : 5m mnfim nfi r
‘ ' ’
fi g r: n
{a 3 s te mmena fi és Gr
’

e at
“at? as se nt sha m a n sha m
a s i n tras t a t e ? t h i s : a {whe n i
W re n a s: 3 1 2 m “ firs t : it
the b t es MS S . of the Ki éi 'f

l zi a -

p ur a n a th t a a re a t p res e n t
c ibl
e ss e to m e .

i O ne of the f
our 1 . o L MS S
. . . of the Ma tsya -
p ura n a has azfiwr:
L XXVIII P RE FA CE
giv en ab o v e I t . is n o t v er y cl earby a wh at i s m ean t
S arnhi t a a s h ere
'

,
u se d A S ani hi t a a s o b s erv e d a b ov e
.
,

i s s o m ethi n g d ifferen t fro m a P u ra n a I t m ay .

b e a n a s se mbl ag e of p ray ers a n d l e g en d s ex tra cte d , ,

p ro fes s e dly fro m a P u r an a but i s n ot u s u ally app li

, , , ,

c abl e t o th e o r igin al T h e fo u r S amhit as h er e sp e cifi e d

.

r e fe r rath er t o th e i r r eligi o u s ch ara ct e r th a n t o th e i r

c o nn ex i o n with a ny sp e cific wo rk ; an d i n fa ct th e , ,

s am e t er m s are a ppli e d t o w h a t a r e c a ll e d S a m h it as
o f th e S k a n d a In thi s s e n s e a P u r a n a m ight be a l s o
.
,

a S am hit a; th at i s it m ight be an a s s em bl a g e o f fo rm u l ae
,

a n d l e g en d s b el o n gi n g t o a di v i s i o n o f t h e H i n d u s s
y
t em ; an d th e wo rk i n q u e s ti o n lik e th e Vi sh n u P u r an a , ,

d o e s a d o pt bo th titl e s I t s ay s : Thi s i s th e ex c ell en t

.
“

K au rm a Pnra n a th e fift een th ( of th e s eri es ) An d

, . .

ag ain :
“
Thi s i s th e B r ah m i S amhit a A t any rate n o .
,

o th er wo rk h a s b een m et with p r et e n di n g t o be th e

Knrm a P u ran a .

With reg ard t o th e o th er p artic u l ars s p e cifi e d by

th e M at sy a t ra c e s o f th em a re t o be fo u n d Alth o u gh
,
.
,

i n tw o a cc o u nt s tra d iti o n al c o mm u n ic ati o n o f

o f th e
th e P u ra n a n o m en ti o n i s m a d e o f Vi s h n u a s o n e o f
,

th e t e a ch ers y et S at a r ep eat s a t th e o u t s et, a di al o g u e

, ,

b etween Vi sh n u a s t he Knrm a an d In d ra d y u m n a a t
, , ,

th e ti m e o f th e ch u rn i n g o f th e o c ean ; a n d m u ch o f
th e s u b se q u en t n arrativ e i s p u t i n t o th e m o u th o f the
form er .

T h e n am e b ei n g th at o f a n Av at ara of Vi sh n u m ight
, ,

l e a d u s t o ex p ect a Va i sh n av a wo rk : bu t it i s al way s ,

a n d c o rr e ctly cl a s s e d w ith th e S a i va P ur a n as ; th e
,

g reat er p o rti on o f it i n c u lc ati n g th e wo rship o f S i v a

a n d D u rg a I t i s div id e d int o two p art s o f n early
.
,
 PRE FA C E L XX I X
e qu al l ength In the fi rst p art a cc o u nt s of th e c rea
.
,

ti o n of th e A v atara s o f Vi sh n u o f th e s ol a r an d
, ,

l u n a r dy na sti e s o f th e ki n g s t o th e ti m e o f Kri sh n a ,

o f th e u n i v e rs e a n d o f th e Ma n wa n t ara s
,
ar e gi v e n , ,

i n g en eral i n a s u m m ary m an n er bu t n o t u n fre q u e ntly , ,

i n th e w or d s em pl o y e d i n the Vi sh n u P u ran a W ith .

th e s e a re bl en d e d hy m n s a d d 1 e s se d t o Mah es wa ra by
’

B1 ah m a a n d o th e l s ; th e d efe a t o f An d h ak as m a by
Bha i 1 a v a ; th e 0 1 igi n o f f o u 1 S a kti s Mah es wari S i v a
’

, , ,

S at i a n d H aim av a t i fro m S i v a ; a n d o th e 1 Sa i v a l e g e n d s
, ,
.

O n e ch ap te 1 gi v es a m 0 1 e d i s tin ct a n d c o nn e cte d a c
c o un t o f th e i n c a rn a ti o n s o f S iv a i n th e p re s en t a ge , ,

th an the L i ng a ; an d it w e a rs still m o re th e app e ara n c e , ,

o f a n a tt e m pt t o id en tify th e t e a ch e rs o f th e Y o g a

s ch o o l w ith p er so n a ti o n s o f th e i r p r e fe re nti a l d e ity .

S ev era l ch apt er s fo rm a K as i Mah atm y a a l e g e n d o f

'

B ena res In th e se c o n d p art th ere a re n o l e g en d s I t

. .

i s d i v id e d i n t o tw o p art s th e I s w ara Gi t a a n d Vy as a 1
’

, r

Git a In th e fo rm er th e k n o wl e d g e o f g o d th a t i s o f
r .
, , ,

S iv a thr o u gh c o nt em pl ativ e d ev o ti on i s t a u ght In

, ,
.

th e l att e r th e sa m e o bj e ct 1 s e nj o i n e d thr o u gh wo 1 k s
, ,

or o b s erv a n c e o f th e c ere m o n i es an d p re c e pt s o f t h e

Ved a s .

T h e d a t e o f th e Knrm a P u r an a c a nn o t be v ery re
m o t e ; f o r it i s a v ow e dly p o s t er i o r t o th e e s t abli sh m e n t
, ,

o f th e T an t r ik a t h e S akt a a n d th e Ja i n a s e ct s
. In t h e .
,

twelfth ch apt er it i s sa id : T h e B h a irav a V am a Arh ata

“
,
-

, ,

T hi s is a so l t
l t by C l l V K d y (R ch
ra n s a e d o o ne ans e nn e es ea r es

i t th N t
n o ed A ffi ity f A ci t
a ure d H i d Myth ol g y
an n o n en an n u o ,

A pp d i x D p
en d i thi i t c
.
,
i . th p g an ,
n s ns a n e , as n o er as s a es

q t d by hi m f m th Kn m
uo e hi M S d mi ro
g e r a, s . an ne a re e .
LXXX PRE FA C E
an d Y am al a S astra s
in t en d e d f or d el u s i o n Th ere
a re
“

i s n o r e a son t o b eli ev e th a t th e B h a irav a a n d Y am al a

T a n tra s are v ery a n ci en t w o rk s o r th at th e p ra ctic e s ,

o f th e l e ft h a n d S akt a s
-
o r th e d o ct ri n e s o f A rh a t o r
,

J ina w ere k n o wn i n th e early c ent u ri e s of o u r era

, .

1 6 M at s y a P uran a
. Th at i n which fo r the s ak e
.
“
,

o f p ro m u lg a ti n g th e V e d a s Vi sh n u i n th e b e gin n i ng , ,

o f a K alp a r el a t e d t o Ma nn th e s t o ry o f N ara s i m h a
,

a n d th e e v e n t s o f s ev e n K alp a s ; th a t O s ages kn o w ,
,

t o be th e Mats a P u r an a c o n t a i n i n g t wen ty th o u s an d
y ,

s t an z a s .

W e m ight it i s t o be s u pp o s e d a d m it the d e s c ripti o n

, ,

which t h e M at s y a gi v e s o f it s elf t o be c o rre ct ; a n d y et ,

a s r e g a rd s th e n u m b er o f v e rs e s th ere s e em s t o be a
Th ree v ery g o o d c o pi e s —
,

m i s s t at e m e n t one in m
.
y
p o s s e ss i on o n e i n th e C o m p any s lib rary an d o n e i n ’

th e Ra d cli ffe lib rary —c o n c u r i n al l r e sp e ct s an d i n

, ,
'

c o nta i n i n g n o m o r e th an b etw e en fo u rte en a n d fif te en

th o u s an d st a nz a s In thi s c a s e th e B h agav at a i s n e arer
.

th e t ru th wh en it a s s ig n s t o it fo u rt e e n th o u s an d W e
“

.
,

m ay c o n cl u d e th erefo r e th a t t h e r e a d in g o f th e p a s s ag e
, ,

i s i n thi s re sp e ct err o n e o u s
,
I t i s c o rrectly s ai d th at
,
f
,

wfixm fi m aw gfi ti tanen z 1
‘
’ -

a w rezfi tf a e nn i s ea men fif afi l
u ‘
n

T wo ou t of the I O L MS S f th M t y p
f — th
t hi p g —g
ou r . . . . o e a s a- a r a na s ee

l t li
as ne of the S k it q t d i
a ns r uo e n s a e

f t
ou r ee n th ou s a n d d th th xhibit
an e o e rs e ev

s am e rea di g n . T h t t hi
a di g i t b p f
s rea d w h
n s o e re erre , e ave , b ides es

t he ev id c en e , a d d c d by P f
u e W il f th Bhag
ro ess or s on , o e a va ta - p ur a wa ,

th t
a of the D cv i b/t dg a va ta
-
a nd Revd md lzd tmy a
-
.
LX XX II PRE FA C E .

dy n asti es are n ex t d e s c rib e d ; a n d th en foll ow ch apt ers

o n th e d u ti e s o f d i ff er e n t o rd e rs I t i s i n rel ati n g th o s e
.

of th e h o u s e h o ld er i n which th e d u ty of m aki ng gifts

,

t o B rah m a n s i s c o m p re h en d e d th at we h a v e th e sp e ,

cifi c a t i o n o f th e e x t e n t a n d s u bj e cts o f th e P ur a n a s .

I t i s m erit o ri o u s t o h av e c opi es m a d e o f th em an d to ,

giv e th es e away o n p a rtic u l ar o cc a si o ns Th u s it i s .

,

s a id o f th e M a t s y a : Wh o ev e r g ive s i t away at eith e r

'

“
,

e q u in o x a l o n g w ith a g o ld en fi sh a n d a m ilch c o w
, ,

giv e s away the wh o l e earth th at i s h e re ap s a lik e ,

r eward i n hi s n ex t m ig ra ti o n S p e ci a l d u ti e s o f th e
h o u s eh o ld er—Vra ta s or o cc a s i o nal a ct s o f pi ety —
.
,

are

th e n d e s crib e d a t c o ns id era bl e l ength with l eg en d ary ,

ill u stra ti o n s T h e a cc o u n t o f th e u n iv ers e i s giv e n i n

.

t h e u s u al stra i n S a iv a l e g en d s en su e : a s th e d e struc
.

ti o n of T rip u ras ura ; th e war o f th e g o d s with T arak a

a n d th e D a i t a s a n d th e c o n s e qu e n t bi rth o f Kartt i
y ,
’
k ey a w ith th e v ari o u s ci r c um stan c e s o f Um a s bi rth
,

a n d m arri a g e th e b u rn i n g o f Kam a d ev a a n d o th er
, ,

e v en t s i nv o l v e d i n th a t n a rra tiv e ; th e d e st ru cti o n o f

th e A s ura s M a y a an d A n dh ak a ; th e o r igi n o f th e M atri s

“

a n d th e lik e ; i n t e rs p e rse d with th e V a i sh n av a l e g e n d s

o f th e A v at ara s S om e Mah atm y a s are al s o i nt ro d u c e d ;

.

o n e o f which th e N arm a d a Mah atm a c o nt a i n s s o m e

, y ,

i nt ere sti n g p artic u l ars Th ere are v ari o u s ch apt e rs o n

.

l a w a n d m o ral s a n d o n e which fu rn i sh e s di re cti o n s

,

f or b u il di n g h o u s e s an d m a ki n g i m a g e s W e th e n h a v e .

a n a cc o u n t o f th e ki n g s o f fu t ure p e ri o d s ; a n d th e

P u ra n a c o n cl u d es with a ch apt er o n gift s .

 PRE FA C E . LXXXIII
T he M at s y a P ura n a it , will be
fro m thi s s e en , ev en

b ri ef sk etch o f i ts c o n t e nt s i s a m i s c ell an e o u s c o m pi
,

l a ti o n bu t i n cl u d i ng i n i t s c o n t ent s th e el em ent s o f a
, , ,

g en u i n e P u ran a A t the s am e tim e it i s o f t o o m i x e d

.
,

a ch a ra ct er t o be c o n s id er e d a s a g en u i n e wo rk o f th e

Pa ur anik cl a s s ; a n d u p o n ex am i n i n g it c are fully it

, ,

m ay be s u sp e ct e d th a t it i s i n d ebt e d t o v ar i o u s w o rk s ,

n o t o n ly f o r i t s m a tt e r bu t f o r i t s w o r d s
.

, T h e g en e a .

l o gic al an d hi s t oric al ch a pt ers a re m u ch th e s am e a s

th o s e o f th e Vi sh n u ; a n d m an y ch a pt ers a s th o s e o n ,

t h e P1 t1 1 s a n d S 1 a d d h a s are p r e ci sely th e s a m e a s th o s e
o f th e S ri s ht i Kh a nd a o f th e Pa d m a Pu 1 a na I t h a s d ra w n .

l arg ely al s o fro m th e M a h abh arat a Am o n g s t o th er .

i n stan c e s it i s s u ffici en t t o q u o t e th e s to ry o f S av itri

, ,

th e d ev o t e d w ife o f S a ty av a t which i s giv en i n t h e ,

M at sy a i n th e s am e m a nn er bu t c o n s i d er ably ab ri d g e d
,
.

A lth o ugh a S a iv a w o rk it i s n o t ex cl u s iv ely s o ; a n d

,

it ha s n o t s u ch s e ct ari a l ab s u r d iti e s a s th e Knrm a a n d

L i n g a I t i s a c om p o s iti o n o f c o n s i d erabl e in t ere s t ;
.

bu t if it h a s ex tra ct e d i t s m at er i al s fro m th e P a d m a
, ,

which it al s o q u o t e s o n o n e o cc a s i o n th e sp e cific a ti o n ,

o f th e U a u r ana s
p p
- — i t i s s,
u b s e q u en t t o th at work a n d , ,

th erefo re n ot v ery a n ci ent

,
.

1 7 G ar u d a P ura n a
. Th at which Vi sh n u r e cite d
.
“

i n th e G ar u d a K alp a r el ati n g chi e fly t o t he bi rth o f

, , ,

G a ru d a fro m Vi n at a i s h ere c all ed th e G aru d a P u ran a ;

,
'

a n d i n it th e r e ar e r e a d n i n e t e en th o u s a n d v e r s e s .

w m e as? fa a amasfiw fl
‘

a
wta n a raai fieug
’ m m ea re g u

W ‘
ats a s E “fi
”
ms s afe 1
r

mwm fi fi s eems t o be the m ore i y

ord nar i
read ng .
L XXX I V PRE FA CE
T he G aru d a P ura n a which h a s
bj e ct o f b e en th e su

m y e x a m i n ati on c o rr e sp on d s i n n o r e sp e ct with thi s

d e s cripti o n an d i s p ro b a bly a d iff erent w o rk th o u gh
, , , ,

e n titl e d th e G a r u d a P uran a It i s id entical h ow ev er .

, ,

w ith t wo c o pi e s i n th e C o m p any s lib ra ry I t c o n s i s t s

’
.

o f n o m o r e th a n a b o u t sev en th o u s an d s t a n z as ; it i s

r e p e at e d by B ra h m a t o I n d ra ; a n d it c o n t a i n s n o a c

c o u n t o f th e bi rth o f G a ru d a Th e re i s a b ri ef n o tice .

o f th e c r eati o n ; bu t th e g re a t er p a rt i s o cc u pi e d w ith

th e d es c ripti o n o f Vrat a s or religi o u s O b s erv an c e s o f ,

h o lyd ay s o f s a cre d pl a ce s d e d icate d t o t he s u n an d

, ,

w ith p ra y ers fro m th e T an trika r it u al a dd re s s e d t o ,

th e s u n t o S i va an d t o Vi sh n u
, ,
I t c o n t a i n s al s o t re a .
, ,

ti s es o n a stro l o gy p al m i s try an d p re ci o u s st o n es a n d
, , ,

o n e s till m o r e ex t e n s i v e o n m e dici n e
,
T he l att er p o r
,
.

ti o n c all e d th e P reta K alp a i s t ak en u p w ith di re cti o n s

, ,

f o r th e p e rfo rm a n c e o f o bSe q u i al rit e s Th er e i s n o thi n g .

,

i n al l thi s t o j u s tify th e a pplic a ti on o f th e n am e Wh e

’

.
,

th er a g en u i n e G ar u d a P u ran a ex i s ts i s d o u btful T h e .

d e s c ripti o n giv e n i n th e M a t s y a i s l e s s p artic u l ar th an

ev e n th e b r i ef n o tic e s o f th e o th e r P ur an a s a n d m ight ,

h av e e a s ily b een writt en w ith o u t a ny k n o wl e d g e o f

th e b oo k it s elf ; b e i n g with ex c epti o n o f th e n u m b er o f
,

s t a n z as c o nfi n e d t o cir c um s tan c es th at th e titl e al o n e

,

i n d icat es .

1 8 Brahm antl a P u ran a

. Th a t which h a s d e cl a re d.
,

i n twel v e th o u s an d tw o h u n d re d v ers es th e m a g n ifi ,

c en c e o f th e e gg o f B rah m a a n d i n which an a cc o u nt ,

A ver yppl o u ar work wh h i s ic c id

ons ere d p t f th B h
to be a ar o e ra
’
ma nol a p urd /i a , i s the A dl zyd tma - ramdya fi a
-
. It h b lith g ph d
as ee n o ra e ,

it c t y
w h the om me n ar of N age s a Bhatta , at
'
B mb y F
o m a cc t
. or s o e a oun

f it P f A f cht Ca ta l og Cod Ma nus crip t &c and

’
o , s ee ro . u re s . . . .
, pp 2 8 . 29 .
 PRE FAC E . L X XX V
o f th e fu t u re K alp as
c o nt ai n e d i s c all e d th e B ra h
is ,
”1
m an d a P uran a a n d was r e v eal e d by Brah m a
'
’e
, .

T h e B rah m an d a P ura n a i s u s u ally c o n s i d e re d t o be

i n m u ch the s a m e p re d ic am en t a s th e S k an d a n o l o n g er ,

p ro c urabl e i n a c oll e ctiv e b o d y but r ep re s en t e d by a ,

v a ri e ty o f K h a n d a s a n d Mah atm a s p r o fe s s i n g t o be
y ,

d eriv e d fro m it T he fa cility w ith which any t ra ct

.

m ay be th u s a tt a ch e d t o th e n o n e x i s t e n t o rigi n al a n d -
,

th e a dv a n t a g e th a t h a s b een t ak en o f i t s a b sen c e t o
c o m pil e a v ari ety o f u n a u th en tic frag m en t s h av e giv en ,

t o th e B r a h m an d a S k a n d a a n d P a d m a a cc o rd i n g t o
, , ,

C o l o n el Wilfo r d th e ch ara ct er o f b ei n g th e P uran a s

,
“

”2
o f thi ev e s o r i m p o s t o r s Thi s i s n o t applicabl e t o .

the P a d m a which a s a b o v e s h o w n o cc u rs e n ti re a n d
, , ,

th e s am e i n v ari o u s p art s of I n d i a T h e i m p o s iti o n o f .

w hich th e o th er two are m a d e t h e v ehicl e s ca n d e c e i v e

n o o ne ; a s th e p u rp ose o f th e p a rtic u l a r l e g e n d i s
—
a l w a y s t o o o bv i o u s t o l e a v e an d o u bt o f i t s o rigi n
y .

C o pi es of w h at p ro fes s t o be th e e n ti re B ra hm an d a
P u ran a are s o m e ti m e s th o u gh rarely p r o c u rabl e I , ,
.

m et with o n e i n two p o rti o n s th e for m er c o n t ai n i n g ,

o n e h u n d r e d an d t we n ty fo ur ch a pt e r s th e l a tt er -
, ,

s e v e nty e ight ; an d th e w h o l e c o nt a i n i n g a b o u t th e
-

n u m b er o f s t a n z a s a ss ig n e d t o t h e P ur an a T h e fi rs t .

fi m m wm nfi m mfi m : 1
t
an W W W fi l ms fanmfi ma 11
“

M a mmw y fi w f am z l v

t reatm en t ? a m were“ 11
2
As . R esV l V III p 252
.
,
o . .
,
. .

1
'
Th f u I
e o r . O L MS S
. . . of the Ma tsya have W P
, not W .
LX XX VI PRE FA C E .

an d l arg e st p o rti o n h o w ev er p ro v e d t o be th e s am e
a s t h e V ay u P u r a n a w ith a p a s s a g e o cc a s i o n al ly
,

s lightly v a ri e d ,
a nd at th e e n d o f e a c h ch apt er th e
c o m m o n p h ra s e I ti B rah m an d a P ur an e s ub s tit u t e d
‘ ’

f or I ti V ay u P ur an e
‘
I d o n o t thin k th ere wa s any
’
.

i nt en d e d fra u d i n th e s u b s tit u ti o n T h e l a st s e cti o n .

o f t h e fir s t p art o f th e V ay u P u r a n a i s t erm e d th e

B rah m an d a s e cti on giv i n g an a cc o un t of th e d i s s ol uti o n

,

o f th e u n i v er s e : a n d a c a re l e s s o r ig n o r a n t t r an s c r ib e r

m ight h av e t ak en t hi s f o r th e titl e of th e w h o l e T h e .

ch e ck s t o th e id entity o f th e work h av e b een h o n e s tly

p re s erv e d b o th i n th e i n d ex an d t he fre qu en t sp ecifi
,

c ati o n o f Vay u a s th e t e a ch er o r n arrat or o f it .

T he s e c o n d p o rti o n o f thi s B ra hm an d a i s n o t any

p art o f th e V ay u : it i s p ro b ably c u rr en t in the D akhi n
, ,

a s a S am hit a o r Kh a n d a A g a sty a i s r ep resen t e d a s “

g o i n g t o th e city K an ch i ( C o nj ev era m ) wh ere Vi sh n u , ,

a s H a a ri v a a pp e a r s t o h i m an d i a n s wer t o h i s
y g ,
n ,

i n q u i ri e s i m p art s t o h i m th e m ea n s o f s al v a ti o n th e
, ,

wors hip of Para sak t i In ill ust r ati o n of th e e ffi c a cy o f

.

thi s fo rm o f a d o rati o n th e m a i n s u bj e ct o f th e w o rk
,

i s an a cc o u n t o f th e e xpl o it s of L alit a D ev i a form o f ,

D u rg a a n d h er d e stru cti o n of th e d em o n Bh and as nra

, .

R u l e s f or h er wo rship ar e al s o giv en which are d e ,

ci d e d l o f a S akt a o r T an tr i a d e s c r ipti o n t i
y k ; a n d h s

w o r k c a n n o t be a d m itt e d th e r e fo r e t o be p art o f a
, ,

g en u i n e P ur a n a .

T h e U pap u rana s i n th e f ew i n s t an c e s which are

,

k n o wn d iffer littl e i n ex tent o r s u bj e ct fro m s o m e o f

, , ,

th o s e t o which th e ti tl e o f P u ra n a i s a s crib e d T he .

M a t sy a e n u m erat es but fo u r ; bu t th e D ev i B h ag av a ta
has a m o re c o m pl e t e li s t a n d s p e cifi e s e ight e en Th ey
, .
 PRE FA C E .
‘

L X X XVII
T h e S a natk u m ara, 2 Na1 as i n 1 h a
'

a re : 1 . . 3 N ara d i y a,
.

4 . S iv a ,
5 D ur v as a s a , 6
. . K apil a ,
7 . M an av a ,
8 A nsa .

na sa , 9 . V a1 n n a ,
10 . K alik a ,
1 1 . S am b a ,
1 2 N an di, .

1 3 S a u ra , 1 4 Par a s a r a , 1 5
. . . A d ity a ,
1 6 . Mah e s wara,
'

1 7 B h ag av at a ,
1 8 V asi sh fh a
M at sy a o b s erv es
. . T he ,

of t ch e se o n d , th a t it i s n am e d i n th e P a d m a P ur an a i ,
~

an d c o n t a i n s e ight een th o u s a n d v er s e s T he Na n di it .

c all s N an d a a n d s ay s th at K arttik ey a t ell s i n it th e

, , , ,

s t o ry o f N a n d a i A r ath er differe n t li s t i s giv e n i n th e

R ev a Kh a n d a ; o r : 1 S an a tk u m ara 2 N ara si mh a .
, .
,

3 N a n d a 4 Siv a d h arm a 5 D au rv as a s a 6 Bh av i shy a

.
,
.
,
.
,
.

r el a t e d by N ara d a o r N ara d i a
y 7 K apil a 8 M an av a ,
.
,
.
,

9 A u s an a s a 1 0 B rah m an d a 1 1 V aru n a 1 2 K alik a,

'

. . .
, , , .

1 3 Mah e swara 1 4 S am b a 1 5 S au ra 1 6 Para s ara

.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,

1 7 B h ag av a t a 1 8 K au rm a Th e s e a u th o r iti e s h o w
,
. .
,

e v er a re o f q u e s ti o n abl e w e igh t ; h av i n g i n v i ew
, no ,

d o u bt th e p r et en s i o n s o f th e D e v i B h ag av at a to be
,

c o n s i d ere d a s th e a u th en tic B h ag av at a .

O f th es e U p ap u ra n a s f ew a r e t o be p ro c u re d Th o s e .

i n m y p o s se s s i o n ar e th e S iv a c o n s id e re d a s di s ti n ct ,

fro m th e V ay u th e K alik a a n d p erh ap s o n e o f th e , , , ,

Nar a d i y a s a s n o tic e d ab o v e I h av e al s o th re e o f t he
, .
, ,

For an a cc ou n t the N ar a s t m/t a p

of -
u ra u a , s ee P f A f cht
ro . u re
’
s Ca ta log .

Cod . Ma nu s cr ipt ,
&c 8 2 a nd 8 3
. pp . .

1
:
In th e Reva maltatmya , -
it is th us s p ok e n of

was gem w e re ? ni x fi fe a
-

1
are 3 1 1 i? w hen fl a ua w w
awe ree wee M a na a 11 m
W i n er a m erazi
i n er a w a w fi d i i
W n a n tr te
g c i
1
T hree of th e I . 0 . L .
p es of the Ma tsya p uran a m en o n ,
o ti b ides es

the N a r a s mzlza a nd the N a nd a, th e Samba a nd the A d ztya ; wh il e o ne

c py
o om it s the Samba . It s e em s th t a the O xf ord MS . om it s th e Ad i tya .

S ee P f A f cht
ro . u re
’

s Ca ta l og . Cod . Manuscr ip t , &c . , p 40. .

LX XXVIII PRE FA C E .

Sk an dh a s o f th e Dev i Bh ag av at a, which , m o st un d o ub
t edl y , i s l B h aga v ata s u pp o s in g th at a ny
n ot th e r ea ,

P uran a so n am e d p rece d e d the wo rk o f Bop a d ev a

"

Th ere can be n o d ou bt th at i n any a u th en tic li s t th e

nam e o f B h ag av at a d o e s n o t o cc u r a m o n gs t t h e U p a
p uran a s : it h a s b een p u t th ere t o p ro v e th at th ere are
t wo w o rk s s o en titl e d o f which th e P u ra n a i s th e D ev i ,

B hag av ata th e Up ap u ran a th e Sri B h ag av at a T h e

, ,
.

tr u e rea din g sh o u l d be B h arg av a *

th e P u ra n a o f ,

Bhrl g u : an d th e D ev i B h ag av a t a i s n o t ev en an U p a
p uran a I t i s v ery qu esti o n abl e if th e en tir e work
.
,

which a s f ar a s it ex t en d s i s em i n en tly a S akt a co m

, ,

p o s iti o n ev er h a d ex i sten c e j, .
:

T h e S iv a Up ap u ra n a c o nt a i n s ab o u t six th o u s a n d
s t an z a s di strib u t e d i nto t wo p art s I t i s rel at e d by
, .

S a n atk u m ara t o Vy as a an d th e R i shi s a t Nai m i sh arany a ;

a n d i t s ch ar a ct er m a
y be j u dg e d o f fr o m th e q u e s ti o n s

t o w hich it i s a r e ply “
T e a ch u s sa id th e Ri shi s .
,

th e r u l e s o f worshippi n g th e L i n g a a n d o f th e g o d ,

o f g o d s a d o r e d u n d er th a t typ e : d es c r ib e t o u s hi s

v ar i o u s fo rm s th e pl a c es san ctifi e d by hi m an d th e
, ,

p ray e rs w ith which he i s t o be a d d re s s e d In ans wer .

,

S a n atk u m ara r ep eat s th e S iv a P u ran a c o nt a i n in g th e ,

bi rth of Vi sh n u an d B rah m a; th e cre ati o n an d div i s i o n s

o f th e u n iv er s e ; th e o r igi n o f al l thi n g s fr o m th e L i n g a ;

th e 1 u l e s o f wo rs hippi n g it a n d S iv a ; th e s an ctity o f

Th i s su gges ti on is offere d y
by the anon m ou s a u hor of the D urj ana t
mukka p a d ma p ad uka S ee
- -
. Burnou f s Bhag a va ta p ura na ,
’ '

01 , re a e,-
V I P fc. .

p. XX L VII .

j T he ed it or s aw, at Benares , a oub t tw l e ve y ears ag o , a manu s c ipt

r

of the D evi bluig a va ta , -

c tiig m él l on a n n so e o cas . Its o wner, a l earne d

Brahm a n , m i t i d t h t hi py W
a n a ne c mpl t a s co as o e e . To c ll ct i t i
o e s va r ous

par s t ,
he hd t ell d d u i g m
a rav
yy nd e r n an ears , a over a l g p t f I di
ar e ar . o n a
.
XC P RE FAC E
Pi th as th anas pl a c es wh ere th e d iff eren t m em b e rs
or

o f it w e r e s c a tt er e d a n d w h er e L i n g a s w e r e co n s e , ,

q u en tly ere ct e d A l e g en d foll o ws o f th e birth s o f

,
.

B h a irav a an d Ve tal a wh o s e d ev o ti o n t o d ifferen t fo rm s ,

o f D e v i fu rn i s h e s o cc a s i o n t o d es c r ib e i n
gr e a t d et ail .

, ,

th e rit e s an d fo rm u l ae o f which h e r wo rs hip c o n s i s t s ,

i n cl u d i n g th e ch a pt ers o n s an g u in ary s a crific e s , trans

l a t e d i n th e A s i a tic R e s ear ch es A n o th er p e c u li ari ty .

i n thi s w o rk i s aff o r d e d by v e ry p r oli x d e s cripti o n s o f

a n u m b e r o f r iv er s a n d m o u nt a i n s a t K am a rn a T i rth a
p ,

i n A ssa m a n d r en d ere d h o ly g ro u n d by th e c el eb rat e d

,

t em pl e o f D urg a i n th a t c o u ntry a s Kamakshi or Ka ,

m ak shy a I t i s a s i n g u l a r a n d y et u n i nv e stig at e d cir

.
, ,

c u m st an c e th at A s sam o r a t l e a s t th e n o rth e a s t o f
, , , ,
-

B en g al s eem s t o h av e b ee n i n a g reat d e g re e the

, , ,

s o u r c e fr o m which t h e T an tr ik a a n d S akt a c o rru pti o n s

o f th e r el igi o n o f th e V e d as a n d P ur an as p r o c e e d e d .

T h e s p e cific a ti o n o f th e U p ap u ra n a s whil s t it n a m es ,

s e v era l o f w hi ch th e e x i s t en c e i s p r o bl e m a tic al o m it s
'

o th er w o rk s b e ar i n g th e s am e d es ig n a ti o n which are ,

s o m e ti m e s m et w ith Th u s i n th e c ol l e cti o n o f C o l o n el .
, ,

M a ck e nzi e we h av e a p o rti on o f th e B h arg av a a n d a

,
1
,

Mu d gal a P u ra n a wh ich i s p ro b ably th e s am e with , , ,

th e Gane sa U p ap u ra n a cit e d by C o l on el V an s K en n e d y ,
.

I h av e al s o a c opy of th e G an esa Pura n a l which

, ,
‘
,
' '

M ck z i C ll cti V
a en e o e o n, ol . I .
,
pp . 50, 5 1 .

R 2
ch i t th N t
es ear es n o e a ure a nd A ffi ity n of A ci n t
n e and H i nd u

Myth l gy p 2 5 1
o o ,
. .

V ol V. .
,
pp . 37 1 , ct s cg .

1 Fo r Dr J S . . t ev ens o n s
’
“
A ly i
na s s of the Ganeéa P n w h
ura a, it p ci l
s e a

f
re ere n e c t o the H it ys or of Bu d d h s m i s ee J ou rna l of the Roya l A si a ti c
S oci et
y, Vol , V III .
, pp , 3 1 9 3 2 9.
-
 PRE FAC E XCI

s eems gree with th at of which h e sp eak s ; th e se co n d

to a

p o rti o n b e in g e ntitl e d the K ri d a Kh a n d a i n which th e ,

p a s tim e s o f G an e sa i n cl u d i n g a v ari ety o f l eg en d ary

,

m att ers ar e d e s c rib e d T h e m ai n s u bj e ct o f th e wo rk

,
.

i s the great n e s s o f G an es a ; an d p ra y ers a n d fo rm u l ae

’

app r o p r i a t e t o h i m a re ab u n d a n tly d et a i l e d It app ears .

t o be a work o rigi n a ti n g with th e G an ap aty a s e ct o r

wo rshipp ers o f G a n e s a Th ere i s al s o a m in o r P ura n a
’

.
, ,

c all e d A di o r first n o t i n cl u d e d i n the li st Thi s i s a

‘ ’
,
.

wo rk h owev er o f n o g reat e x t en t o r i m p o rt an c e and

, , ,

i s c o n fi n e d t o a d et ail of th e sp ort s o f th e j u v enil e

K ri sh n a .

F ro m the sk etch th u s o ffere d of th e s ubj e ct s o f th e

P ur an as an d which alth o u gh a dm itti n g o f c o rre cti o n
, , ,

i s b eli eved t o be i n th e m ai n a c an d id an d a cc u rat e

, ,

s u m m a ry it will be ev id ent th a t i n th e i r p r e s en t co n
, , ,

d iti o n th e y m u s t be r e c e i v e d with c a u ti o n a s a u th o r iti e s

,

f o r th e m yth o l o gic a l r eligi o n o f th e H i n d u s at any

r e m o t e p eri o d Th ey p r e s erv e n o d o u bt m an y an ci ent
.
, ,

n o ti o n s a n d t ra diti o n s ; bu t t h es e h av e b een s o m u ch

m ix e d u p with fo re ig n m att er i n t en d e d t o fav o u r th e ,

p o p u l arity o f p artic ul ar form s o f wo r ship o r articl e s ,

o f fa ith th at th e y c a nn o t be u n re s er v e dly r e c o gn iz e d
,

a s g e n u i n e r ep re s e n t a ti o n s o f wh at w e h av e r ea s o n t o

b eli ev e th e P ur an a s o rigi n ally w ere .

T h e s afest s o u r c e s f o r t he a n ci en t l e g en d s o f th e
,

H in d u s a ft er th e V e d a s are n o d o ubt th e two great

, , ,
”

p o em s th e R am ay a n a a n d Mah abh ar at a T h e fi rs t
, .

o ff er s o n ly a f ew ; bu t th e y a r e o f a p r i m itiv e ch ara ct er .

T he M a h abh a ra t a i s m o r e fertil e i n ficti o n ; bu t it i s

m o re m i s c ell a n e o u s ; an d m u ch th a t it c on t ai n s i s o f
e u i v o c al au th en ticit a n d u n c ert ai n d a t e S till
‘

q y ,
i t .
X C II P RE FA C E .

a ff o rd s m a n y m a t er i al s th at are g en u i n e ; a n d it i s ,

e v i d e n tly th e g re a t fo u n t a i n fro m which m o s t if n o t

, ,

al l ,
o f th e P u r an a s h av e d ra wn ; a s it i nti m at e s it self , ,

wh e n it d e cl are s th at th ere i s n o l e g e n d c urren t i n th e

,

wo rld which h a s n o t i t s o rigi n i n th e M ah abh arat a .

1

A w o rk o f s o m e ex t en t p ro fe ss i n g t o be p a rt o f th e
,

M ah abh arat a m ay m o re a cc u rat ely be ra n k e d with th e

, , ,

Pa uranik c o m p il a ti o n s o f l e a s t a u th en ticity an d l at es t
T h e H ar i V ams a i s chi efly o ccu pi e d with th e
'

o rigi n .

a d v e n t u res o f K ri s h n a ; bu t a s i n tr o d u ct o ry t o hi s er a
, ,

it r e c o rd s p artic ul ars o f th e creati o n o f the wo rld an d ,

o f th e p a t ri ar ch a l a n d r e g a l dy n a s ti e s Thi s i s d o n e .

w ith m u ch c arel es s n e ss a n d i n a cc u ra cy o f c o m pil a ti o n ;

as I h a v e h a d o cc as i o n fre q u ently t o n o tic e i n th e
, , ,

foll o wi n g p ag e s T h e w o rk h a s b een v ery i n d u stri o u sly

.

tra n sl ate d by M L an gl o i s . .

A c o m p a ri s o n o f th e s u bj e ct s o f the fo ll owi n g p a g es
w ith th o s e of th e o th e r P ur a n a s w ill s u ffic ien tly s h o w ,

th at o f the wh o l e s eri e s th e Vi sh n u m o s t cl o sely co n

, ,

fo rm s t o th e d efi n iti o n of a P an ch a l ak sh ari a P uran a '

-
,

o r o n e w hic h t r e a t s o f fi v e s p e cifi e d t o pic s It c om .

p reh en d s th em all ; a n d alth o u gh it h as i nfu s e d a p o r

,

ti o n o f extran e o u s a n d s e ct ar ial m atter it ha s d o n e so ,

with s o b ri ety a n d w ith j u dg m ent an d h as n o t s u ff ere d ,

th e fe rv o ur o f i t s r eligi o u s z e al t o t ran s p o rt it i n t o .

v ery w i d e d ev i ati o n s fr o m th e p res cr ib e d p ath T he .

l e g en d ary t al e s which it h a s i n sert e d are f ew an d are ,

c o nv en i en tly arran g e d s o th at th ey d o n o t di s tra ct th e

,

W W am af ar a f an?
‘
U n c o n ne ct ed w h it t hi s n arra ti ve ,
no s or t y is k n o wn p o n u

ea r th .
’
A d i p a rva n, 307
-
.
X CI V P RE FA CE
which we h av e Only fra g m en tary trac es i n th e re c ord s
of o th er n ati o n s .

T he c o u rs e o f th e el em e nt al c r e ati o n i s i n th e Vi sh n u , ,

a s i n o th e r P ura n a s tak e n fro m th e sankhy a ph il o s o

,

phy ; bu t th e a g en cy th a t o p erat es u p o n p as s iv e m atter

i s c o n fu s e d ly exhibit e d , i n c o n s e q u e n c e o f a p a rti a l
a d o pti o n o f th e il l u s o ry th e o r y o f th e V e d an t a p h il o

s o p h y a n d th e p r ev al en c e o f th e Pa u r anik d o ct ri n e o f
,

p an th ei s m H o wev er i n c o m p atibl e with th e i n d ep en

.

d en t ex i s t en c e o f P ra d h an a o r c ru d e m a tt er a n d h o w ,

ev e r i n c o n g r u o u s wi t h th e s ep a rat e co n diti o n o f p u re
-

spi r it o r Puru sh a it i s d e cl ar e d r ep e a t e d ly th a t Vi sh n u
, , , ,

a s o n e w ith th e s u r e m e b e i n g i s n o t o n ly s pi r it , bu t
p ,

c ru d e m a tt er a n d n o t o nly th e l a tt er bu t al l v i s ibl e
, ,
“

‘
H e i s P u ru s h a sp irit ; P ra d
’
s u b st an c e a n d Ti m e
,
.
,

h an a cru d e m atter ; Vy akta v i s ibl e fo rm ; a n d K al a

‘
,
‘ ’
,
’
,

‘ ’
tim e Thi s c a nn o t but be r eg ard e d a s a d ep art ur e
.

fro m the p r i m itiv e d o g m a s of th e H i n d u s i n which ,

th e d i s ti n ct n es s o f th e D e ity an d h i s wo rk s w a s en u n
ci a te d ; i n which u p o n hi s w illi n g th e wo rl d t o be
,
it ,

wa s ; a n d i n wh ich h i s i n t erp o s iti o n i n cre a ti o n h el d ,

t o be i n c o n s i s t e nt w ith t h e q u i e s c e n c e o f p e rfe cti o n ,

wa s expl a i n e d away by th e p er s o n ific ati o n o f a tt rib u t e s

i n a cti o n which a ft e rwar d s c am e t o be c o n s id ere d a s
,

re al di v i n iti e s B rah m a Vi sh n u an d S iv a ch arg e d

, , , , ,

s ev e ra lly f or a giv e n s e a s o n w ith th e c re ati o n p re

, , ,

s e rv ati o n a n d t em p o ra ry a n n ih il ati o n o f m at e ri al f o rm s
,
.

T h e s e d i v i n iti e s are i n the fo ll o wi n g p a ge s c o n s i s tently

, ,

w ith t h e t e n d en cy o f a Va i sh n av a w o rk d e cl are d t o
be n o o th er th a n Vi sh n u In S a i v a P u ra n a s th ey a re
.
, ,

i n lik e m an n er id en tifi e d with S i v a ; th e P u ra n a s th u s

,

d i spl ayi n g an d ex pl a i n i n g th e s ee m i n g i n c o m p atibility ,

 PRE FA C E X CV

of which th ere are tra c e s i n o th er a n ci ent myth o l o gi e s ,

b etween th ree di sti n ct hyp o st a s e s o f o n e s u p eri or d eity ,

a n d th e id e n tific a ti o n o f o n e o r o th er o f th o se hyp o s

t a ses w ith th e i r c o m m o n a n d s ep a ra t e o rigi n al .

A ft er th e wo rld h a s b e e n fitt e d f o r th e r e c epti o n o f

li v i ng cre at ures it i s p e o pl e d by th e will en g e n d ere d
,
-

s o n s o f B ra h m a th e Pra a a t i s o r p a t ri ar ch s a n d th e i r
j p, ,

p o s terity I t wo ul d se em a s if a p ri m itiv e tra d iti o n o f

.

th e d e s c en t o f m an ki n d from s ev en h o l y p ers o n a g es
h a d a t fi rs t p rev a il e d bu t th a t i n th e c o u rs e o f ti m e
, , ,

it h a d b e en exp a n d e d i n t o c o m plic ate d a n d n o t al way s ,

c o n s i s t en t a m plifica ti o n How c o u ld th e s e R i shi s or

, .

p a tri ar ch s h av e p o st e rity ? I t wa s n e c es s ary t o p ro

v id e th e m w ith w i v es In o rd er t o a cc o un t f o r th e i r
.

e x i s t e n c e th e M a n u S w a a m bhu v a a n d h i s w ife S at a
, y
r u p a w e r e a d d e d t o th e s ch em e ; o r B ra h m a b e c o m es

two fol d m al e an d fe m al e ; an d d au ght ers are th en be

,

g o tten wh o are m arri e d t o th e Fraj ap ati s Up o n thi s

,
.

b a si s v ari o u s l e g en d s o f B rah m a s d o u bl e n at u re s o m e ’
, ,

n o d o u bt, a s o l d a s th e V e d a s h a v e b e e n c o n st r u ct e d
,
.

Bu t alth o u gh th ey m ay h av e b e en d e ri v e d i n s o m e
, ,

d e g ree fro m th e a u th en tic tra diti on o f th e o rigi n o f

, .

m a n ki n d fro m a s i n gl e p air y et th e ci r cu m s ta n c e s i n
,

te n d e d t o g iv e m o re i n teres t an d p re ci s i o n t o th e st o ry
a re e v id en tly o f a n a ll e g o r ic a l o r my s tic a l d e s c ripti o n
, , ,

a n d c o n d u c e d i n a pp a re n tl y l at e r tim e s t o a c oa r s e n es s
, ,

o f r e a liz a ti o n which w a s n e ith e r t h e l ett er n o r spi r it

o f th e o rigi n a l l e g e n d S way a m bh u v a th e s o n o f th e
.
,
.

s elf b o rn o r u n c re at e d a n d h i s w ife Sa t aru a t h e

p
-
, ,

h u n d re d fo rm e d o r m ultifo rm are th em s el v e s all e

-
, , ,

o ri e s ; a n d th e i r fem al e d e s c e n d a n t s wh o b e c o m e t h e
g ,

wi v e s o f t h e R i shi s are F a ith D e vo ti o n C o nt en t In

, , , ,
 P RE FA C E
t el lig en ce, T raditi o n a n d th e lik e ; whil st am ong s t th e ir
, ,

o st erity w e h av e th e di ff e r en t ph a s e s o f th e m o o n
p ,

a n d th e s a c rifici al fi res In a n o th er cre ati o n th e ch i ef ,

s o u r c e o f c re at u re s i s th e p a t ri ar ch D ak s h a ( a b ility )
—
,

h d ght Virt u e s or P a s s i o n s o r A stro n o m i

’

w o se au e r s

—
, ,

cal P h e n o m en a a re th e m o th ers o f all e x i sti n g thi n g s .

Th e s e l eg en d s p erpl ex e d a s th ey app e ar t o be s eem

'
, ,

t o a d m i t o f all o wa bl e s o l uti o n i n the c o nj e ct u re th at

,

th e P raj a p ati s a n d R i shi s were rea l p ers o n a g e s th e ,

au th o rs o f th e H i n d u s y s t e m o f s o ci al m o ral a n d , ,

r eligi o u s o blig ati o n s a n d th e fi rs t o b s erv ers o f th e

,

h eav en s an d t e a ch ers o f astro n o m ical s cien c e

,
.

T h e re g a l p erson a g es o f th e S w ay a m bh u v a M a n wan
tara a re but f ew ; bu t th ey are d e s crib e d i n th e o u ts et, ,

a s g o v e rn i ng th e e arth i n th e d awn o f s o ci ety an d a s ,

i n tro d u cin g a gric ult u re a n d civ iliz ati on Ho w m u ch .

o f th e i r s t ory r es t s u p o n a t ra diti o n a l r em em b ra n c e o f

th e ir a cti o n s it wo u ld be u sel e s s t o c o nj ect ure ; alth o u gh

,

th ere i s n o extrav a g an c e i n su pp o s i ng th at th e l eg e n d s
r el a t e t o a p eri o d p r i o r t o th e ful l e s t abli s h m en t in ,

In di a of th e B rah m an ic al i n stit uti o n s T he l eg en d s of

, .

D h ru v a a n d Prahl ad a which are i n t erm in gl ed with

,

th e se p artic u l a rs are i n al l p rob abil ity a nci ent ; bu t

, , ,

th ey are am plifi ed i n a strain c onform a bl e t o the Va i sh

,

n av a p u rp o rt of thi s P uran a by d o ctri n e s and p ray ers

,

a s s erti n g th e id e n tity o f Vi s h n u with th e S u p rem e It .

i s cl ear th a t th e s t or i e s d o n o t o rigi n a t e w ith thi s

P uran a In th at o f Prahl ad a p artic ul arly a s h ereaft er
.
, ,

p o in te d o u t circ u m sta n c e s e s senti al t o th e c o m pl et e

,

n e s s o f th e s t o ry are o nly all u d e d t o n o t r e c o u nt e d ;

,

sh o wi n g i n di sp u t ably th e writ er s h av i n g av a il e d h im
’
, ,

s elf o f s o m e p ri o r au th o r ity fo r h i s n arra ti o n .

 C III
X V PRE FA C E .

d es crib e d i n th e b eginn i ng o f th e thi rd b o ok i s of m u ch ,

i m p ort an c e t o th e hi st o ry o f H i n d u lit erat ure an d o f

th e H i n d u religi o n T h e s a g e Vy asa i s h ere rep re
'

s en t e d n o t a s th e a u th o r bu t th e arra n g er o r c o m pil e r
, , ,

o f th e V e d a s th e Itih as a s a n d P uran a s
, Hi s n a m e ,
.

‘ ‘ ’
d en o te s h i s ch ara ct er m ean i n g th e arran ger o r d i s ,

tr ib u t o r a n d th e r e c urr e n c e o f m a n y V as a s m a ny
y ,

i n d i v id u al s wh o n ew m o d ell e d the H in d u s cript ure s -

,

h a s n o thi n g i n it th at i s i m p r o b abl e ex c ept th e fab u

, , ,

l o u s i n t erv al s by which th ei r l ab o u rs are sep arated .

T he re arran gi n g th e r efa shi on i n g o f o l d m at e ri al s i s , ,

n o thi n g m o r e th an th e ro g re s s o f ti m e wo u ld be lik ely

p
t o ren d er n ec ess a ry T h e l a s t re c o g n iz e d c o m pil ati o n .

i s th at o f Kr 1 sh r1 a Dwaip ay an a a s s i st e d by B rah m a n s
’

wh o were al r ea d y c o nv ers a nt with t he s u bj e ct s re sp e c

t iv el y a s sig ne d t o th em Th ey were th e m em b ers o f .

a c oll e g e or s ch o o l s u pp o s e d by th e H i n d u s t o h a v e
, , , ,

fl o u ri sh e d i n a p eri o d m ore rem o te n o d o u bt th an , ,

t h e t ru th bu t n o t at all u nlik ely t o h av e b een i n s tit u t e d

,

a t s o m e ti m e p ri o r t o th e a cc o u n t s o f I n d i a which we

o we t o G r eek w r it er s a n d i n which w e s ee e n o u gh o f ,

th e sy s t e m t o j u s tif y o u r i n fe rri n g th a t it w as th en
e nti re Th at th ere h av e b een o th er Vy asas an d o th er
.

s ch o o l s s i n c e th at d at e th at B rahm ans u n k no wn to ,

Ma hd bhd m ta , Ad i p a rvan-
, 241 7

“
I nas mu ch
W
be
m
a rran e d the mass of t he
m
Vd
rfit
e as ,
m
c
he i s
u
s tyl ed Vyas a
as
g .

Ag i tha
t Ad i p e rva n 42 36

m
a n, -
, ,

i na s : W W :
i 51 3 W fi? W e a
T hes e t wo p as sag es are f
re erred to i n Lass en s Ind i s che A l terthums
’

k und e, Vol . I , p 6 2 9 , no e 2
. . t .

S ee , f t ur her , Orig i na l S ans kr i t T ex ts, P t II

ar .
, p . 1 77, and P t III
ar .

pp . 20 , cl se
q, . a nd p . 1 90 .
 PRE FAC E . X CI X
fam e h av e rem od ell ed s o m e of th e H i n d u s cript ure s
.

a n d e s p e ci al ly t h e P ura n a s c a nn o t r e a s o n a bly be c o n
, , ,

t e s t e d a fter d i sp a s s i o n at ely w e ighi n g the s tro n g i nt er

,

n al e v id e n c e w hich a l l o f th em a ff o r d o f th e i n t erm i x
, ,

t ure o f u n a u th o riz e d a n d c o m p arati v ely m o d ern i n g re

d i en t s . Bu t th e s a m e i nt ern a l t e sti m o n y fu rn i s h e s
p ro o f e q u ally d e ci s iv e o f th e an t eri o r ex i s ten c e o f
, ,

a n ci e nt m at e ri al s ; a n d it i s th e refo re a s i d l e a s it i s
, ,

i rrati o n al t o d i sp u t e th e a ntiq u ity o r au th enticity o f

,

th e g rea t er p o rti o n o f th e c o nt ent s o f th e Pu rana s ,

i n th e fa c e o f ab u n d a n t p o s iti v e an d ci r c u m s t an ti a l
.

e v id e n c e o f th e p r e v a l e n c e o f th e d o ctri n e s which th ey

t ea ch th e c u rren cy o f th e l e g en d s which th ey n a rrat e

,
-

a n d th e i n t e g rity o f th e i n s tit u ti o n s which th ey d e s c r i be ,

a t l e a s t th re e c e nt u r i es b efo r e th e C hr i s ti a n era Bu t .

t h e o rigi n a n d d ev e l o p m e nt o f th e i r d o ct ri n e s t ra d i ,

ti o n s an d i n s ti t u ti o n s we re n ot th e wo rk o f a d ay ;
, .

a n d t he t e s ti m o n y th a t e s t a bli s h es th e i r e x i s t e n c e th re e

c ent u ri e s b efo re C h ri s ti an ity c arri e s it b a ck to a m u ch

,

m o re re m o t e an tiq u ity t o a n a n tiq u ity th at i s p r o b ably

, , ,

n o t s u rp a s s e d b an o f th e p r e v a ili n g ficti o n s i n sti

y y
~
,

t ut io n s o r b eli ef o f t he a n ci e n t w orld
, ,
.

T h e rem a i n d er o f th e thi rd b o o k d es c rib e s th e l e a d

i ng i n stit u ti o n s o f th e H i n d u s th e d u ti e s o f c as t e s th e
, ,

o blig a ti o n s o f di ff e re n t st a e s o f l ife a n d th e c e l eb ra
g ,

ti o n o f o b s e q u i al rit e s i n a s h o rt bu t p i 1 1 n 1 t1 v e strai n
, ,

an d i n h arm o n y with th e l aws o f Ma nn It i s a d is .

ti n g u i sh i ng feat u re o f th e Vi sh n u P uran a a n d it i s ,

ch ara cter i s tic o f i t s b e i n g th e w o rk o f a n e arli e r p eri o d

th an m o st o f th e P uran a s th a t it enj o i n s n o s e ctari al
,

o r o th e r a ct s o f s u p e r e ro g a ti o n ; n o V rat a s o cc a s i o n a l ,

s elf i m p o s e d o b s erv a n c e s ; n o h o lyd a y s

-
n o bi rth d ay s ,
 C PRE FA C E .

of Kri sh n a ight s d e dic at e d t o L ak sh m i ; n o s ac ri

,
no n

fi ces or m o d e s o f wo rs hip o th er th a n th o s e c o nfo r m abl e

t o t h e r it u al o f th e V e d a s It c on t a ins n o Mah atmya s
.

o r g o ld en l e g en d s e v en o f t he t em pl e s i n which Vi s h n u
,
J

i s a d o re d .

T h e fo u rth b o o k c o nta i n s al l th a t th e H i nd u s h av e
o f th e i r a n ci e nt hi st o ry I t i s a t o l erably c o m p re h e n s i v e
.

li st o f d y n a sti e s a n d i n d i v id u al s : it i s a b arr en r e c o rd
o f e v e nt s
‘

I t can s c arc ely be d o ubte d h owev er th at

.
, ,

m u ch o f it i s a g en u i n e ch ro n icl e o f p ers o n s if n o t o f ,

o cc uren c e s Th at it i s di s cre dite d by p alp abl e a bs urd

.

iti e s i n r eg ar d t o t he l o n g ev ity of th e p ri n c e s of th e
e arli e r d y n a s ti e s m u s t be g ra nt e d ; an d th e p a rticu l ars
,

p re s erv e d o f s o m e o f th em are triv i a l a n d fab u l o u s .

S till th ere i s a n i n artifi ci al s i m plicity a n d c o n s i s t e n cy
,

i n th e s u cc e s s i o n o f p ers o n s a n d a p o s s ibility a n d p r o
,

hability i n s o m e o f the t ra n s a cti o n s which gi v e t o ,

th ese tra diti o n s th e s em bl an c e o f a u th enticity a n d ,

re n d e r it lik ely th at th ey are n o t alt o g eth er with o u t

,

fo u n d ati o n A t an y rat e i nthe ab s en c e o f al l o th e r

.
,

s o u r c e s o f i n fo rm ati on th e r e c or d s u ch a s it i s d e
, , ,

s erv e s n o t t o be alt o g e th e r s e t as id e I t i s n ot es sentia l

.

t o i ts c re d ibility or i t s u s eful n e s s th at any ex a ct ch ro

, ,

n o l o i cal a dj u st m e nt o f th e d i ffere nt re ig n s s h o u l d be
g
a tt e m pt e d Th ei r d i strib u ti o n am o n g s t th e s ev eral
.

Y u g as u n d ertak en by S ir Willi am J o n e s o r h i s Pa n
, ,

dit s fi n d s n o c o u n t e n a n c e fro m th e o rigin al t ex ts

, ,

furth er th an a n i n cid en tal n otic e o f the age i n which

a p a rtic u l a r m o na r ch r u l e d o r th e g en e ra l fa ct th a t
,

t h e d y na sti e s p ri o r t o K ri s h n a p re c e d e th e ti m e o f th e
G reat W ar an d the b egi nni ng o f th e K ali ag e ; b o th
which ev e n t s we are n o t o blig e d with th e H i n d u s t o , ,
CII P RE FA C E
wh e re p re ci s i on i s i m p o s s ibl e to be s a ti sfi e d with th e ,

g e n e ral i m p re s si o n th at i n th e d y na s ti es o f ki n g s d e
, ,

ta il e d i n th e P u ra n a s w e h av e a r e c o rd Which alth o u gh , ,

it c ann ot fa il t o h av e s u ffere d d e trim en t fro m a ge an d ,

m ay h a v e b een i nj u re d by c arel e s s o r i nj u d ici o u s c o m

i l a t i o n p re s erv e s a n a cc o u n t n o t wh o lly u n d e s e rv i n g
p , ,

o f c o n fid e n c e o f th e e s t abli sh m e n t a n d s u cc e s s i o n o f
,

r e g u l ar m o n ar chi e s a m o n g s t th e H i n d u s fro m a s e arly

, ,

a n e ra a n d f o r a s c o n ti n u o u s a d u r ati o n a s a n
, y i n t he ,
-

cre d ibl e an n al s o f m anki n d .

T he ci r c u m st an c e s th at are t o ld o f t h e fi rs t p ri n c e s
"

h av e ev i d en t rel ati o n t o th e c o l o n iz ati o n o f I ndi a a n d ,

t h e g ra d u al ex t en s i o n o f t h e a u th o rity o f n ew r a c e s
o v e r a n u n i n h a bit e d or u n ci v iliz e d re gi o n I t i s co m .

m o n l y a d m itt e d th at th e B rah m an ic al r eligi o n an d ci

,

v il i z a ti o n wer e b r o u ght i n t o I n d i a fro m with o u t Ce r 1 ‘

.

ta i nl y th er e a re t rib e s o n th e b o r d er s an d i n t h e h ea rt
, ,

o f th e c o u n t r y w h o a re s till n o t H in d u s ; a n d p a s s a g es
,

i n t h e R am ay a n a a n d M a h abh arat a a n d Ma n n a n d
, , ,

th e u n ifo rm t ra diti o n s o f th e p eo pl e th em s e l v e s p o i n t ,

t o a p eri o d wh en B en g al O ri s sa an d th e wh o l e o f the , ,

D akh i n were in h abit ed by d e g ra d e d o r o u tca s te th at

i s by b arb aro u s t rib es T he t ra d iti o n s o f th e P ura n a s
, ,
.

ch ro n o o l gy .
” To th es e m ay be add ed th e o n o n pi i of Dr . Mill ,

wh o , f o r r e a s o ns wh ich h e h a s fu d e a e d , d enlly t il i tifi es th e co m

m e n cem e n t g H
ofi d s B
th e C 3 1K li
02 w it
a h th a e of th e n u ,
. .
,
e

er a f th d l g
o Ch i t S g it I t d
e e u e.ppl m t y t r s a an a, n ro .
,
su e en a r no e .

S i W illi m J
r th Hi d ( A R
a V l o nes on e n us s . es .
,
o .

Kl p th A i P l ygl tt ; C l n l V n K n d y R
a ro
,
s a o ch o a o o e a s en e ,
es e a r es

i nt th O i g i
o d A ffi ity f th P i cip l L g g s f A i
e r n an n o e r n a an ua e o s a

an d E p ; A n S chl g l O i g i s d s H i d s ( T ns cti s
ur o e . vo e e ,
r ne e n ou ra a on

o f th R y l S ci ty f L it
e o t )
a o e o era u r e .
 PRE FA C E CIII
co n rm fi th e se vi ews : bu t th ey l en d n o a s s i s ta n c e t o
th e d et e rm i n a ti o n o f th e q u e sti o n w h e n c e th e H i n d u s
ca m e ; wh eth er fro m a c en tral A s i atic n a ti o n a s S ir ,

W illi a m J on e s s u pp o se d o r fro m th e C a u c a s i a n m o u n
,

t ai ns the pl ai n s o f B abyl o n i a o r th e b o rd ers o f th e

, ,

C a spi an a s c o nj e ct u re d by K l ap ro th , V an s K en n e d y
, ,

a n d S chl e g el The a ffi n iti e s o f th e S a n s k rit l an g u a g e

.

p ro v e a c o m m o n o ri gi n o f th e n o w wid ely s c att ere d

n a ti o n s a m o n g s t wh o s e di al e ct s th ey a r e tra c e abl e a nd
,

r en d e r it u n q u e s ti o n abl e th a t th e y m u s t a ll h av e s p re a d

a bro a d fro m s o m e c entric al s p o t i n th a t p a rt o f th e

gl o b e firs t i n h abit e d by m an ki n d a cc o r di n g t o the ,

i n spi re d re c o rd Wh eth er any i n d ic ati o n o f s u ch a n

.

e v e n t be di s c o v e r abl e i n th e V e d a s r e m a i n s t o be d e
,

t erm i n e d ; bu t it wo u ld h av e b een o b v i o u sly i n co m p at

i bl e with th e Pau r anik sy st em to h av e referre d th e
origi n o f I n di a n p r i n c e s an d p r i n cip aliti es t o o th er th a n

n a tiv e s o u r c es We n ee d n o t th ere fo re ex p e ct fr o m
.
, , ,

th em a ny in form ati o n a s t o th e fo re ig n d eriva ti o n o f

,

th e H i n d u s .

We h av e th en wh olly in s u ffici en t m ean s f or arr iv i n g

, ,

at an i n fo rm a ti on c o n c ern i n g th e an t e I n di a n p er i o d
y
-

o f H i n d u hi st o ry b ey o n d th e g e n era l c o n cl u s i o n d er i
,

vahl e fro m th e a ct nal p re s en c e o f b arb aro u s an d a pp a

-

—
,

t l
ren y a o r ,
b igi na l t r ib es fro m th e a d m itte d p ro gr e s s i v e
e x t en s i o n o f H i n d u i s m i n t o p a rt s o f I n di a wh ere it d i d

n o t p rev a il wh e n th e c o d e o f Man n wa s c o m pil e d —fro m

th e g en eral u s e o f d i al e ct s i n I n d i a m o re o r l e s s cO p i Ou s
which ar e d i ffer en t fro m S a n sk r it —an d fr o m th e a ffi
, ,

n i ti e s o f th a t l a n g u a g e w ith fo rm s o f s p e e ch c u rren t

i n the west ern w orld —

th at a p eo pl e wh o sp o k e S an
skr it an d foll owe d th e religi o n o f th e V e d as c am e i nt o
, ,
C IV PRE FA CE .

I n d i a i n s o m e v ery d i stant a ge fro m l an d s we s t o f the

, ,

I nd u s Wh ether th e d ate an d ci rc ums tan c es o f th ei r

.

i m m ig rati o n w ill e v er be a s c ertai n e d i s ex trem ely ,

d o u btfu l : bu t it i s n o t fo rm a pl a u s ibl e o u t d i ffic u lt t o

li ne of th e ir e arly s ite a n d p r o g re s s i v e c o l on iz a ti o n .

T h e e a rli e s t s eat o f th e H i n d u s W ith i n th e c o nfi n e s ,

o f Hi n d u s th an w a s u n d o u bt e dl y ,th e e a s t ern c o nfi n e s
, ,

o f th e P u nj ab T h e h o ly l an d o f M a n u an d th e P u r a n as
li e s b etween th e Dr i sh a d wat i an d S ara swati riv ers —th e
.

Ga gg ar an d S u rs o o ty o f o u r b ar b aro u s m a p s Var i o u s .

a d v en t ures o f th e fi r st p ri n c e s a n d m o s t fa m o u s s a g e s

o cc u r i n thi s v ici n ity ; a n d th e A s ram a s o r r eligi o u s

’

d o m icil e s o f s ev e ral o f th e l a tt er ar e pl a c e d o n th e
b an k s of th e S ara swati A cc o rd i n g t o s o m e a uth o riti es .
,

it wa s th e abo d e o f Vy as a the c om pil e r o f th e Ve d a s ,

a n d P u ra n a s ; a n d a g r ee ably t o an o th er wh e n o n o n e , , ,

o cc a s i o n th e V e d a s h a d fall en in t o di s u s e a n d b e e n
,

fo rg o tt en th e B rah m ans were a g a in i n s tru ct e d i n th e m

,

by s ara swat a the s o n o f S ara swati O n e o f the m o s t

, .
1

d i s tin g u i sh e d o f th e trib e s of th e B ra h m an s i s k n o wn
2
a s th e S ara s wa t a ; a n d th e s am e w o r d i s e m pl o y e d by
,

Mr C ol eb ro o k e t o d en o t e th at m o dific ati o n o f S a n sk rit

.
,

which i s t er m e d g en era lly P ra kr it a n d which i n thi s , ,

c as e h e su pp o se s to h av e b een th e l an g u a g e o f the
'

S araswa t a n ati o n which o c cu pi e d th e b an k s o f th e ,

“

”
r i v e r S ara swa t i T h e ri v er i ts elf r e c e i v es i ts a pp ell a
.
3

S ee B o o k III Ch pt er V I a .
,
t
no e ad
finem .

9
A s Re s . .
,
V ol . V .
,
p .

3
I bi d .
,
V ol .
,
VII p .
,
. 21 9

S ee m y no e i n p t .

1 Mi scell a neous E ssays , Vol . II .

, p . 1 79 .

1 3nd , Vol , p 21 . II . .
‘

.
C VI PRE FA C E
t ure a n d religi o n ; p a rtly i n all p rob ability b ro u ght
, , ,

al o n g w ith th e m a n d p artly d e v i s e d a n d fa s hi o n e d
, ,

by d e g re es fo r the g ro wi n g n e c e s siti es o f n ew co n
,

d i ti o n s o f s o ci ety Th o s e with wh o m thi s civ iliz a ti o n

.

c o mm enc e d wo u l d h av e ha d am pl e i n d u c em ents t o
p ro s e cu t e th ei r s u cc es sfu l work ; a n d i n th e c o u rs e o f ,

ti m e the i m p rov em en t which g erm i nate d o n th e b an k s

,

o f th e S araswa ti wa s ex t en d e d b ey o n d t he b o r d ers o f

th e J um n a an d th e G an g e s .

W e h av e n o s ati s fa ct ory i n tim ati o n o f th e s tag e s by

which th e p olitic al o rgan iz ati o n o f the p e o pl e o f Upp er
I n d i a trav erse d th e sp a c e b etween the S ara swati a n d
the m ore ea s t erly re gi o n wh ere it s eem s t o h av e t ak e n
,

a c o n c en tra t e d fo rm a n d wh en c e it di v erg e d i n v ari o u s

, ,

di re cti o n s th ro u gh o u t Hin d u sthan T h e Man n of th e

,
.

p re se n t p eri o d V aiv a swat a th e so n of the S u n i s re

, , ,

g ard e d a s t h e fo u nd er o f A y o dhy a; an d th at city co n

ti nn e d to be th e c apit al o f th e m o st c el eb rat e d b ran ch
o f hi s d e s c e n d a nt s th e p o st erity o f Iksh wak u
,
T he .

Vi sh n u P u ran a ev id ently i nt en d s t o d e s c rib e the ra dia

ti o n of c o n q u e s t or c ol o n iz ati o n fro m thi s sp o t i n th e
'

,
’
a cc o u n t s it gi v es o f th e d i s p er s i o n o f V ai v as wat a s

p o s ter ity ; an d alth o u gh it i s diffic u lt t o u n d ers tan d

,

wh a t c ou ld h av e l e d e arly s ettl er s i n I n di a t o su ch a
s it e it i s n o t i n c o n v en i en tly s it uat e d a s a c o m m an di n g
,

p o s iti o n wh en c e em igrati o n s m ight p ro c ee d t o th e

e a st th e we st a n d t h e s ou th
, , Thi s s ee m s to h av e .

h app en e d A b ra n ch fro m th e h ou s e o f Iksh waku sp re a d

.

i n to T i rho o t c o nstit u ti n g the Mai thil a k in g s ; an d th e

,

p o sterity o f a no th er o f Va iv a swa ta s s o ns reig ne d at ’

Vai sal i i n S o uth ern Ti rh o o t o r S aru n

, ,
.
 P RE FA C E . C V II
T he mo st a d v e n t u ro u s em ig rati o n s h o wev er , t o o k ,

pl a c e th ro u gh the l u n a r d y n a s ty which a s o b s erv e d , ,

a bov e o rigi n at e s fr o m th e s o l a r ; m aki n g

,
i n fa ct bu t , ,

o n e r a c e a n d s o u r c e f o r t he wh o l e L eav i ng o ut of .

c o n s i d e ra ti o n th e l e g e n d o f S u d y um n a s d o ubl e tra n s ’

'

fo rm ati o n th e fi rst p ri n c e o f Prati shth an a a city s o u th

, ,
’
fro m A y o dhy a was o n e of Va iv as wata s childre n
, ,

e q u ally w ith Ik s hwak u T h e s o n s o f Pu rnrav a s th e

.
,

se c o n d o f thi s b ran ch ex t e n d e d by th em sel v e s o r “

, , ,

th e i r p o s t erity i n e v ery di re cti o n : t o th e e a s t to K as i

'

, , ,

Ma g a d h a B en are s an d B eh ar ; s ou thwar d s t o the

, ,

Vi nd hy a hill s an d a c ro ss th em t o Vi d arbh a o r Berar ;

, , ,
.

w est wa r d s al o n g th e N arm a d a t o Ku s a s th al i o r Dw a
'

, ,

r a k a i n G uj e rat ; a n d i n a n o rth we s t e rly d i r e cti o n t o

,
-
,

Math u ra a n d Ha s tin ap ura Th ese m ov em ent s are v ery .

d i s ti n ctly di s c o v erabl e a m id s t th e ci rc u m s t an c e s n a r
ra t e d i n th e fo u rth b o o k o f th e Vi s h n u P u r a n a an d ,

a re p re ci s ely s u ch a s m ight be e x p e ct e d fr o m a r a di a

ti o n o f c o l o n i e s fro m A y o dhy a I n ti m ati o n s al s o o cc u r .

o f s ettl em e nt s i n B a n g a K a li n g a an d t h e D akhi n : bu t
, ,

th ey are b ri e f and i n di s ti n ct a n d h av e th e app eara n c e ,

o f a dditi o n s s u b s e q u en t t o th e c o m p reh ens i o n o f th o s e

c o u nt ri es withi n th e p al e of H in d u i sm .

B e sid es th e se tra c es o f m ig rati o n an d s ettl em ent ,

s ev e ral c u r i o u s ci r c u m s t a n c e s n o t lik el y t o be u n au th o
,

r i z e d i n v e n ti o n s ar e hi n t e d i n th ese hi st o ric al t ra di
,

ti o n s T he d i s ti n cti o n of c a st e s wa s n ot fully d ev el o p e d
.

p ri o r t o th e c o l o n iz ati o n O f th e s o n s of Va iv a swata
.
,

s om e ,
a s ki n g s wer e K sh at riy a s ; bu t o ne fo u n d e d a
,

trib e o f B rah m an s a n o th e r b e c a m e a Val s y a a n d a

, ,

fo u rth a S ud ra I t i s al s o s a id of oth er p ri n c e s th at
,
.
, ,

th ey e st abli sh e d the fo ur cast e s am o n g s t th eir s ub

C V III P RE FA C E .

r e a re a l s o v a ri o u s n o tic e s o f B r ah m a n ic a l
1
je ct s Th
. e , ,

Go tra s o r fa m ili e s p ro c e e d i n g fro m K s h at riy a ra c es ;

,
2

a n d th e r e a r e s e v e ra l i n d ic a ti o n s o f s ev ere s t r u ggl e s

b e tween th e two r u li ng c aste s n ot f o r t em p o ral bu t , ,

f o r spi rit u al d o m i n i o n th e right t o t e a ch th e V e d a s

, , .

Thi s s e em s t o be th e e sp e ci al p u rp o rt o f the i nv et era te

h o s tili ty th a t p rev ail e d b etween th e B rah m an Va si shth a
a n d th e K sh at r iy a Vi s w am i tra wh o a s t h e R am ay an a )

, ,

r el a t e s c o m p ell e d th e g o d s t o m ak e him a B rahm a n

,

al s o ,
a n d wh o s e p o s t er it
y b e c am e v ery c el e b r at e d a s

th e Ka u s 1 k a B rah m an s O th er l e g en d s a g ai n s u ch a s
.
, ,

D ak sh a s sa crific e d en ot e se ct ari al St rife ; a n d th e

’
,

l eg en d o f Paras u ram a r ev e al s a c on flict ev en f o r tem

’

p o ra l a uth o rity b etwe en th e t wo r u li n g c a ste s M o re

, .

o r l e s s w e ight will be a tt a ch e d t o th e s e c o nj e ct ur es ,
'

a cc o r d i n g t o th e t em e ra m en t o f d i ff e r e n t i n q u i r er s
p .

Bu t ev en whil s t fu lly awar e o f th e fa cility w ith which

,

pl a u s ibl e d e d u cti o n s m ay ch ea t th e fan cy an d littl e ,

di sp o se d t o rel a x al l c urb u p o n th e i m agin ati o n I fi n d ,

it diffic u lt t o r eg ar d th e s e l e g en d s a s wh o lly u n s ub
s t a n t i al ficti o n s o r d ev o i d o f al l r es em bl a n c e t o th e
,

r ealiti e s o f th e p a s t .

A ft er th e d a t e o f th e g re at war th e Vi sh n u P uran a , ,

i n c o m m o n with th o s e P u ra n a s which c on t a i n s i m il ar
li s t s sp e cifi es ki n g s an d dy n asti e s with great er p re
,

ci s i o n a n d offer s o l i t i Cal an d Ch ro n o l o gic al p a rtic u l ars

, p
t o w hich o n th e s c o re o f p r o b ability th er e i s n o thi n g
, ,

t o o bj e ct In t ru th th ei r g e n eral a cc u ra cy ha s b e en
.
,

i n co n tro v e rtibly e sta bli sh e d In s cripti o n s o n c ol u m n s .

See B o o k I V C ha pt e s VIII
.
,
r . a nd X VIII .
, &c .

9
S ee B o ok I V Chapt er XIX
.
, .
OX PRE FA C E .

a lth o ugh the p ass a g e s are n um ero u s th at attach div i n ity

t o h i s p ers o n Th e re are h o wev e r n o d es c ripti o n s i n
:

.
, , ,

th e M ah abh ara t a o f h i s j u v en il e fro lic s , o f h i s s p o rt s

,

i n Vrin d av a n a h i s p a stim e s with th e c o w b o y s or ev en

,
-
,

h i s d e stru cti o n o f th e A s u ra s s en t t o kill h i m Th e se .

s t ori e s h av e al l a m o d e rn c o m pl ex i o n ; th ey d o n o t
, ,

h a rm o n iz e w ith th e t on e o f th e a n ci en t l eg en d s which ,

i s g en erally g rav e an d s om e ti m e s m aj es tic Th ey a re

, , , , ,
.

th e c re ati o n s o f a p u eril e t a s t e a n d g ro v elli n g i m a gi n a

ti o n Th e s e ch apt ers of th e Vi sh n u P u ran a o ffer s o m e
.

d iffic u lti es a s t o th e i r origi n ality Th ey are th e s am e .

as th o s e o n th e s a m e s u bj e ct i n th e B rah m a P ura n a :

th ey a re n o t v ery di s si m il ar t o th o se of the B h ag a vata

,
.

T h e l a tte r h a s s o m e i n cid en t s which th e Vi sh n u h a s

n o t, a n d m a th e re fo re be th o u ght t o h av e i m p r o v e d
y , ,

u p o n th e p ri or n arra ti v e o f th e l att er O n th e o th er .

h a nd ab ridgm en t i s e q u ally a p r o of o f p o st eri o rity a s

,

a m plific ati o n T he s i m pl er s tyl e o f th e Vi s h n u P u ran a

.

i s h o wev er i n fav o u r o f i ts p r i o rity ; an d th e m i s cel

, ,
.

l an eo u s c o m p o s iti o n o f t he B rah m a P u ra n a ren d ers it

lik ely t o h av e b o rr owe d th es e ch apt ers from t h e Vi s hnu .

T he life o f Kri s h n a i n th e H ari Vam s a an d th e B rah m a

Vaiv arta are i n d i sp u t ably o f l at er d at e
, ,
.

T h e l a st b o o k c o ntai n s an a cc o u nt o f th e di ss o l u ti o n
o f th e wo rld i n b o th i t s m aj or a n d m i n o r c at a cly s m s ;
,

and i n th e p a rtic ul a rs o f th e e n d o f al l thi ng s by fire

‘

an d wa t er a s well a s i n t he p r i n cipl e o f th e i r p erp e t u a l

,

r en o v a ti o n p res ent s a fa ithfu l exhibiti o n o f o pi n i o n s

,
1
th at were g eneral i n the a n ci ent wo rld T h e m eta .

Dr . Tho ma s B urnet h as c o ll e ct ed the Opi i

n o ns o f th e an ci t
en

wo r d l on thi s su bj ct t ci
e ,
ra ng th em , as he say s ,
“
to th e e ar li t es
 PRE FAC E C XI

phy s ic al ann ihil a tio n of the u niv ers e by th e rel ea se o f

‘

th e s pi rit fro m b o dily ex i st en c e o ff e rs a s a l rea dy re , ,

m ark e d o th e r a n al ogi e s to d o ct ri n e s a n d p ra ctic e s

,

ta u ght by P yth a g ora s an d P l ato an d by th e P l at o nic ,

C h ri s ti an s o f l at er d ay s .

T he Vi sh n u P ur an a ha s k ept v e ry cl ear o f p a rti en

l ars fro m which a n a pp ro x i m a ti o n t o i ts d ate m ay be
c onj e ct u re d N o pl a c e i s d e s c rib e d o f whi ch t h e s a cre d
.

n es s h a s a n k n o wn li m it wo rk cit e d o f
‘

n o r an ro
y y p ,

b abl e re c e nt c o m p o s iti on T he V e d a s th e P uran a s .

, ,

o th e r work s fo rm i n g th e b o dy o f S a n s k rit lit e rat u re ,

ar e n a m e d ; an d s o i s th e M a h abh arat a t o w hich th e re , ,

fore it i s su b s e q u en t B o th Bau d dha s an d Ja in a s are

,
.

a d v e rte d t o I t w a s th erefo re written b efore the

.
, ,

form er ha d di s app eare d Bu t th ey ex i ste d i n s o m e .

,

p arts o f I n di a a s l ate a s th e tw elfth c ent u ry at l ea st ;

, ,

a n d it i s p ro b a bl e th a t th e P u ran a wa s c o m pil e d b e fo re

th a t p eri o d T he G upta kin g s r e ig ne d i n th e s ev en th

.

T he hi s t o ric al r e c or d o f th e P u ran a which

*
c e nt u ry .

m en ti o n s th e m wa s th erefor e l ater : an d th ere s e em s

, ,

littl e d o ubt th at the s am e all u d es t o th e fi rs t i n c u rs i o n s

o f t h e M o h am m e d a n s which t oo k pl a c e i n th e e ighth
,

c ent ury ; which b ring s it still l ow er In d es cribing the .

l atter d y n asti e s so m e if n o t all o f which were n o

, , , ,

d o u bt c ont emp orary th ey are d e s cribe d a s reign i ng

'

, , ,

p pleo th
e ,
a nd e firs t pp a c f wi d m ft th F l
e a ra n es o s o a er e ood
” .

S c d Th
a re y eor o f th E t h B
e ark Ch p t III T h H i d
,
oo a er . e n u

acc t x pl i
ou n e a ns wh t i
a i m p f ct
s c t d ict y i ci t
er e or o n ra or n an en

t d iti
ra h on ,
as an d d d w
e o f m thn d l c f lly p
ro o er an es s a re u er

p t t d
e ua e c s o u r es .

More re en c t res earches have rend ere d thi c cl i s on u s on d ou btf l u .

C X II PRE FA C E
a lt o g eth er o n e th o u san d s ev en hu n d red an d n i nety six
,
-

y ears Why thi s d u rati o n sh o uld h av e b een ch o s en

.

d o e s n o t a pp ear ; u n l es s i n c o nj u n cti o n w ith th e n um b er

,

o f y e ars which a re s a id t o h av e el a p s e d b etw een th e

Great Wa r an d the l a s t of the A n dh ra dy n as ty which ,

p re c e d e d th es e diff eren t ra c es an d which a m o u n t e d ,

t o two th o u s an d th re e h u n d re d a n d fifty t h e c o m pil er ,

was i n fl u en c e d by th e a ct u al d at e a t which h e w r o t e .

T h e a ggre g a t e o f th e t wo p e ri o d s wo u l d be th e K a li
y e a r 4 1 4 6 e q u i v a l en t t o A D 1 04 5 Th ere are s o m e
,
. . .

v ar i ety an d i n di s ti n ctn e s s i n th e e n u m e rati o n o f th e

p eri o d s which c o m p o s e thi s tot al : bu t the d at e which

r e s u lt s fro m it i s n o t u n lik ely t o be a n app r o x i m ati o n

t o th a t o f th e Vi shnu P ur ana .

I t i s th e b o a s t o f in d u ctiv e phil o s ophy th at it d raws ,

i ts c o n cl u s i o n s fr om th e c arefu l o b serv ati o n a n d a cc u

m u l a ti on o f fa ct s ; au d i t i s e q u ally th e b u s i n es s o f al l
, ,

phil o s o phical r es earch t o d eterm i n e it s fa ct s b efo re it

v e n t u res u p o n s p e c u l a ti o n Thi s p r o c e d ure ha s n o t
.

b een o b serv e d i n th e i nv e s tig ati o n o f th e m yth o l o gy

a n d t ra diti o n s o f th e H i n d u s Im p ati en c e to g en eraliz e
.

h a s av a il e d it s elf g ree dil y o f wh at ev er p ro m i s e d t o

a ff o r d m at er i al s f o r g en e raliz ati o n ; a n d th e m os t e r

ro n e ou s v i ew s h av e b een c o n fi d e ntl a d v o cat e d be

y ,

c a u se th e g u id es t o which th ei r a u th ors tr u st ed were

ig n o rant o r i n s u ffici en t T h e i n form a ti o n gl e ane d by
.
‘

S ir W illi a m J o n es w a s g ath ere d i n a n early s e a so n o f

S an sk rit s t u dy b efo re th e fi eld w a s c u ltiv a t e d T he
, .

sa m e m a b e s a i d o f th e writi n g s o f P a oli n o d a S Bar

y .

1
t o l o m e o with the furth er di s a dv ant ag e o f hi s h a vi n g
,

S yt s e ma Brahm ani cu m , & c .

C XI V PRE FA C E .

m ix t ure tru th an d error i n th ei r c o n cl u s i o n s Th ei r

of .

l ab o u rs a cc ord i n gly a re fa r fro m e n titl e d t o th at c o n

, ,

fi d en ce which th e ir l e a rn i n g an d i n d u st ry w o u ld el s e , ,

h av e s e c u re d ; an d a s o u n d a n d c o m p reh en s iv e s u rv ey
o f th e H i n d u s y s t e m i s s till wa n ti n g t o th e c o m p a ra ti v e

a n aly s i s o f th e r eligi o u s o pi n i o n s o f th e a n ci e n t w o rl d ,

a n d t o a s a ti s fa ct o ry el u cid ati o n o f a n i m p o rt a n t ch a p

t er i n th e hi s t o ry o f th e h u m an r a c e It i s with th e .
‘

h o p e o f s u pplyi n g so m e o f the n e c e ssary m ea n s f o r th e

a cc o m pli sh m e n t o f th e se o bj e ct s th at th e foll owi n g ,

p a g es h av e b e e n tra n sl ate d .

T h e tra n s l ati o n o f th e Vi s h n u Pa rana h a s b e en m a d e

fro m a c o ll ati on o f v a ri o u s m an u s cript s i n m y p o s s e s
s i on . I h a d th ree wh en I c o m m e n c e d the w ork ; two
,

i n th e D ev a na g ari a n d o n e i n th e B en g a li ch ara ct er
, ,
.

A fo u rth fro m th e w e s t o f I n di a w a s giv en t o m e by

, ,

M aj o r J erv i s wh en s om e p ro g res s h a d be en m a d e ;
,

an d ,
i n c o n d u cti n g th e l att er h alf o f th e t ra n sl ati o n
thro u gh the p re ss I h av e c o m p are d it with th re e o th er
,

c opi es i n th e lib rary o f th e Ea s t I n d i a C o m p an y A l l .

th e s e c o pi e s cl o s ely a g ree ; p re s enti n g n o o th er d iffe

ren ce s th an o cc a s i o n a l v ar i e ti e s o f r e a di n g owin g , ,

chi efly to th e i n attenti o n o r i n a cc u ra cy o f th e tra n s

,

criber .F o u r of the c o pi es were a cc om p an i ed by a

c omm ent a ry essenti ally th e s am e alth o u gh o cc a s i o n
, ,

a lly v aryi n g an d a s c r ib e d
, i n p art at l ea s t t o t wo
, , ,

different s ch o li a st s T he a nn o t ati o n s o n th e fi rst two

.

b o o k s a n d th e fif th a re i n t wo MS S s aid t o be th e ,
.
,

wo rk o f Sri d h ara Ya ti th e d i s cipl e o f Paran a n d a Nri

,

h ari an d wh o i s th erefo re th e s am e a s Sri dhara S wa

, , ,

m i n th e c o m m e n ta t or o u th e B h ag a v a ta In th e o th e r
,
.

th ree b o o k s th ese two MSS c on cu r w ith o th e r two i n

, .
 PRE FAC E . C XV

n am n i g th e c o mm entato r Ratn ag arbh a B h att ach ary a ,

wh o , i n th o s e two i s t he a u th o r o f the no t e s o n the

,
.

*
e n ti re w o rk
.
T he i nt ro d u ct o ry v ers es o f h i s c om m ent
.

s p e cify h i m t o be t h e d i s cipl e o f Vi d av ach a s a t i

y p ,

th e s o n o f H i ra ny a g arbh a a n d g ra n d s o n o f Mad h av a
, ,

w h o c o m p o se d h i s c o m m e nt ary by d e s i re o f S i i ry ak ara,
’

so n o f Ra t i n at ha M i s ra s o n o f Cha n d rak ara h e re dit a ry

, ,

m i n i s t e rs o f s o m e s o v e re ig n wh o i s n o t p artic u l ariz e d .

In th e ill u stra ti o n s which a re a ttrib u t e d t o th es e di ffe

r e nt wr it e rs th ere i s s o m u ch c o nform ity th at o ne o r
, ,

o th e r i s l arg e ly i n d ebt e d t o h i s p r e d e c e s s o r Th ey .

b o th refer t o e arli er c o m m en t a ri e s Sri d hara cit es the .

w o rk s o f Chit s u kh a Y o gi n a n d o th ers b o th m o re ex ,

t en s iv e an d m o re c o n ci s e ; b et we en which hi s o wn
—
, ,

‘
which h e t erm s A tm a o r S wa p ra k a s a s elf ill u m i na t o r
’
-
, ,

T he v ers es re erre d f to are as f ll w

o o s

1n m awm m
“

W an d W M
fl s u a gi afim warn El m
’ ’

ag ed
’

s fiq mmt fi q m a : “ Gha na
At the e nd of Rat nag arbha s c omm en a r t y we re ad

m was :
71 M a xi : El l "
Hf?! c astate ?
r

min W é E fa W
r- w : H ag a r:

FW Fm fi W
‘
Q ar:
C X VI PRE FA CE
h o ld s an i nterm edi at e ch ara ct er Ratnagarbha entitl e s .
*

‘
hi s Va i sh nav akut a ch a n d rik a the m o o nlig ht o f d e v o
,
-
,

ti o n t o Vi sh n u T he d at e s o f th es e c o m m e n ta t o rs are
.
’

n o t a s c e rt a i n a bl e a s f a r a s I am a w a r e
,
fro m a ny o f ,

t h e p a rtic ul ars w hich th ey h a v e s p e cifi e d .

In th e n o t es which I h av e a d d e d t o th e tra n sl a ti o n
I h av e b e en d e s i ro u s chiefly o f c om p arin g th e s ta te
, ,

m e n t s o f th e t ex t w ith th os e o f o th er P u ran a s a n d ,

p o i n ti n g o u t th e circ u m s ta n c e s i n which th ey d i ffer o r

a g re e ; s o a s t o r e n d e r t h e p re s e n t p u blic a ti o n a s o rt o f

con c o rd a n c e t o th e wh o l e ; a s it i s n o t v ery p ro b abl e

th at m a ny o f th em will be p u bli s h e d o r t ra n sl a t e d
“

T h e I n d e x th a t f o ll o w s j h a s b een m a d e s u ffici en tly ‘

c o pi o u s t o a n s we r t h e p u rp o se s o f a m yth o l o gic al a n d

hi s t o ric al d icti o nary a s f ar a s th e P uran a s o r th e

, ,

g re at er n u m b er o f th em fu rn i sh m ateri al s ,
.

In r en d eri n g the t ex t i n t o E n gli sh I h av e a dh ere d

.

t o it a s lit erally a s w a s c o m p a tibl e with so m e r e g ard

t o th e u s a g e s o f E n gli s h c o m p o s iti o n In g en era l th e .
,

o rigi n a l p re s e n t s f e w d iffic u lti e s T he s tyl e o f th e Pu .

r an a s i s v e ry c o m m o nly h u m bl e a n d e a sy ; a n d the
, ,

n a rra ti v e i s pl a i n ly a n d u n p ret e n d i n gly t o l d In th e .

a d d r e s s e s t o th e d e iti e s i n th e ex p ati a ti o n s u p o n th e
,

d i v i n e n at u re i n th e d e s c ripti o n s o f th e u ni v ers e a n d
, ,

p i c ment ary it th
'
'

S rl d hara , at t he o e n ng of hi s om ,
wr es us

fi m nfi fi mw ifi fw
fi lfi fil W
w fiim rW fl wm rfi m q
z fin fm
sv m w fi a f a a h
a u rn: ‘Sfi‘i fl ‘

ETTFfi a m
ne s ty : mg : 6 6 1 1 33 1 1

ma m m al W T mafia ram s u
i
f An e pi
w and am l fied I d x will b gi
n e e ve n a t the e nd of the l t l
as vo u m e .
 B OOK 1 .

CHAP TE R I .

I nv o ac ti M it y i q i
on . f hi t ch P
a re th a n u re s o s ea er ,
a r a s a ra e

or igid t
n an f th i Pn a u re p f m it o e u n ve rs e . a ra s a ra er or s a r e

t od t y th d m
e s ro p d by V i hth h d i t
e e o ns : re ro v e as s a ,
t

e es s s :

P l ty
u as pp d b t w
a a p h i m d i i k w l dg
e a rs ,
an es o s u on v ne no e e :

h ep t th Vi h n P
re ea s V i h i th ei gi xi t c s u ura na . s i u e or n ,
e s en e ,

and d f l l t hi g
en o a n s .

CH A P TE R II .

P y ra er o f Pa ra s a ra t o Vi sh nu . Su cc i e ss v e n arra ti f th on o e V is h i i u
F u rai a E x pl ti
r . f Va d hi c
a na on o su eva : s e xi t c b f
s en e e o re re a

ti hi fi t m i f t ti
on : s D c ipti
rs f P d haan th es a o ns . es r on o ra na o r e

chi f p i cipl f th i g C m g y O f P ak t
e r n e o m n s . os o on . r ri a or a

t i l c
er a ti ; f ti m ; f th cti c
r ea on D l pm t f
o e o e a ve au s e . eve o en o

e ff ct ; M h t ; A h i k a ; T m at ; l m t ; bj ct f
e s a a ar i ra an ra s e e en s o e s o

s e ns e
; ; f th m d
s e ns e s
gg Vi hn th m o e un a ne e . s u e sa e as

B hm a th c t
ra Vi hn th p
“

e R d th d
r ea o r
,
s u e r e s e r v er ,
u ra e e

t y
s ro er .

CHAP TE R III .

M e a s u re of ti m e . M o m en s t or K ash th as & c ; d ay
. a nd ni g h t;
f t ni gh t
or ,
m on th y ,
e a r, d i i y
v ne ea r : Y uga s o r ages : Mah ay u g a
or g re a t a
g e : d ay of B r ah m a: p i d er o s o f th e M a nu s : a Ma n
w a n ta r a : n i gh t of B rah m a an d d t cti es r u o n o f th e wo r d : l a y ea r

of B ra h m a: hi s li f e : a K lp a a : a Pa rard h a : th e p tas or P ad m a

K lpa a: th e p res en t or V a ab r a .
CXX CO N T EN T S .

CHAP TE R I V .

N araya ri a
’
s a pp ear a n e b gi i g c i n th e e nn n of th e K lp a a ,
as th e

V araba o r b P thi i ( E th) dd

o ar : ri v ar a re ss es hi m : h e ra s e s i th e

wo r d l f ro m b th th w t
en e a hym e a e rs : ne d by S an an d an a a nd

th e Y gi o ns . Th th fl t e ea r th c o a s on e o e an : di id v ed i t n o s eve n

z on es . T he l w ph
o f th
er s i ere s o e u n vers e res o re d t . C rea ti on

ren ewe d .

CHAP TE R V .

Vi sh ri u , as B rahm a creat es th e ,
l ch ct i tic f
wo r d l . G en er a ara er s s o

c tirea on . B ah m a m ed ita t es
r d gi i g i t i mm bl
,
an ve s or n o ova e

th i g n s ,
an im l a s , g d o ms S p cific c
,
ti f i k i d
en . e r ea on o n ne n s :

Mht a a ,
T an m atra , A i d iy i i m t bj ct
n r a, im l g d
n an a e o e s , an a s, o s,

m en , A n ug rah a , . d K ma
an M p tic l cc t f
au ra . o re ar u ar a oun o

c ti
r ea on . i i
Or g n o f d i ff t d f bei g f m B hm
er e n or er s o n s ro ra a s

b dyo un d d i ff
er er e n t c d iti ond f th V d f m hi
ons , an o e e as ro s

m th ou s . A ll thi n s g c td gi
r ea e th y x i t d i f m
a a n as e e s e n a or er

CHAP TE R V I .

Or g i i n of four c as tes : thei r pri m iti v e s t at e P rogress o f

th e .

s o ci e ty D i ff erent k i nds o f grai n E ffi ca cy o f sac ri fic e D u ti es

. . .

o f m en : e i o n s a ssi ne d th em a ft er d e a th
g g r .

CHAP TE R V II .

C rea ti on c ti on nu e d . P ro d u cti on o f th e m nd - orn s ons of i b B rahma;

of P j p ti s ;
th e ra a a of S a n an d a n a a nd o th e rs ; of R u d ra a n d th e

l n R d Mann S waya mbhu va hi s w if Sa t a

‘

e ev e s; f u ra o th e a nd e

i
rrp a; of th i chil d
e r r en . T h e d a ugh ers o f D a k sh a , a nd h e r t t i
m i a rr a
g e to D harm a '

a n d o h e rs t
T h e r o g e n o f D ha rm a a nd
. p y
A dh arm a . T he p p t l cc i
er e ua su e ss o n o f w or ld s ,
a nd i
d ff erent
m o d es of m u nd an e di l ti ss o u on .

CHAP TE R V III .

Or g i i f R d hi
n o d th i
u ra : s b c m i ng i g h t R
e o e u ra s : e r w i ve s a nd

chil d T h p t ity f Bhri g

re n . A cc t f e o s er o u. ou n o S ri i n co n

j cti
un w it h Vi sh i
on
( S c i fic f D k h ) xu . a r e o a s a .
C XX I I CO NT ENT S .

CHAP TE R X V .

T he w o r d l
it t th y d t y d by th P h
o v e rru n w h re e s : e a re e s ro e e ra c e

t S m p ifi
a s as . th m d g i t h m M a i h a t w i f
o a ac es e ,
an v es e r s o e:

h st y th d gh t
er or f th
: ym p h P ml ha L g d
e au er o e n ra oc . e en

o f K id M a i h f m hi t y D k h th
ar u. r s f th a s or er s or . a s a e son o e

P h t
ra c h i d i ff t ch ct
e a sas : hi h i d gh t
s e r en a ra e rs : s s o ns : s au ers :

th i m i g d p g y ll i t P hl ad hi d c d t
e r a rr a es an ro en a us on o ra a, s es e n an .

CHAP TE R XV I .

I nq i i
u r es of M it y a re a re s p ctie n
g th e h s it y or of Prahl ad a .

CHAP TE R X V II .

L eg e nd of Pra hl ad a H i ra ny ak a S Ip u the
. s o ve r e ig n of the i
u n v e rs e :

th e g ods d ip s e rs e d , or in s er v it ud e to h i m : Prah l ad a , hi s son,

r e m a ns i d ev o t ed to Vi sh nu :
by hi s a h er, h e ra s es q u es ti o n ed ft p i
V i sh ri u : H i ra ri y a k a S Ip u o rd e rs hi m t o be p u t to d e a h , bu t i n t
i p t
v a n : hi s re e a e d d e v e r a n e : h e ea hes hi s li
o m a n o ns t o c t c c p i
a d o re Vi sh nu .

CHAP TE R XV III .

H i ra ny ak a S Ip u
’
s re it t
e ra ed a tt m pt
e s to d es t y hi
ro s s on : th i b ie r e n
g
a lw y f t t
a s ru s ra e d .

CH AP TE R XIX .

D i al o g ue b tw P e ee n r a hl ad a a nd hi s fa the r: he i s c tfas ro m th e

to p o f th p l c e a a e u nh u r t b ffl
: a es th e i c t ti
n an a f S mb o ns o a a ra :

he i s th w f tt
ro n, e er e d , i t th
n o e s ea : h p i Vi hn
e ra s e s s u .

CHAP TE R XX .

V i sh i i u a pp e a rs t o Pr ahl ad a . H i ra ri y a k a s xp u l t re en s , a nd is re

c o n cil e d t o hi s s o n : he i s p ut t o d ea .
th by Vi hn s u a s th e N ri
si mh a . Pr ahl ad a b c m ki e o es ng o f t h e D a i ty a s : hi s p t ity
os er :

f it
ru of h e ar i g hi t y
n s s or .

CHAP TE R XXI .

F a m ili e s of th e D a i ty as . D e s c e nd a nt s of K y p by D
as
'

a a a nu .

C hil d re n o f K y p by hi th
as
'

a a s o er w i ve s . B i th f th Ma t
r o e ru a s ,

the s o n s o f D iti .
 CO N T EN T S . C X X II I
CHAP TE R XXII .

D om i ni o n t p i c f c ti
o ver i
i g d t d i ff t
d ff e re n ro v n e s o re a o n ass ne o e re n

bi g U i
e n lity f V i h i F
s . i ti f pi it l
n v er s a o s ru . our v ar e es o s r ua

c t mpl ti
on e Tw c d iti a f pi it
on T h p c ptibl
. o on o ns o s r . e er e e

att ib tr f Vi h n u estyp f hi i m p c ptibl p p ti

o s u es o s er e e ro er es .

Vi hn s yth i g M it f h i g th fi t b k f th
u e ve r n . er o e ar n e rs oo o e

Vi shri u Pa rana .

B O O K II .

CHAP TE R I .

D e s c en d a n t s ld t of f S w ay mbh M
Pri y a v ra ta , th e e es son o a u va a nn :

hi t s th d pt
en s o ns : li g i li f ; th th b c m r ee a o a re ous e e o e rs e o e

k i g f th
n s o D wi p il ef th th Ag id h
s ev en as or s es o e e ar . n ra ,

k i g f J m b d wip d i i d it i t i p ti
n o a u- w h ich h a ,
v es n o n ne or o ns ,
e

d i t ib t
s r m g t h i
u es N a b h iak i g f thon t h s s s o ns .
,
n o e sou ,
suc

c eed d by Ri h bh
e d h by Bh t I d i m d ft
s a a, an e, a ra a : n a na e ,
a er

hi m B h a t,
hi d c d t i g d i g th S way mbh
ra a : s es en an s r e n ur n e a uv a

Ma nwa ntara .

CHAP TE R II .

D es c ipti
r on of th e ea r th . T he s ev en D w ip a s an d s ev e n s ea s .

J mb
a u- d wip a . M o un tM eru : i ts e xt t en a nd b ou n d a r es i . E xt t en

of Il av ri ta . G r o v es , l k a es , a nd b chra n es o f M e ru . C iti es o f t he

g ods . Ri v er s . T he fo rm s of Vi hn s u w o r sh ipp ed i
i n d ff ere n t
V arsh as .

CHAP TE R III .

D e s cripti o n of ti i
B ha a a r t sh
-
x t t c hi f
v ar a : e en : e m oun a ns : n ne

di i i p i cip l i
v s ons : d m ti f Bha t p p
r n a r v er s an o u n a ns -
o ra a ro er :

p i cip l ti
r n p i itya th V hna p ci lly
o ns : su er o r o ve r o er a rs as ,
es e a

as th t f li g i ct ( T p g p h ic l li t )
e s ea o re ou s a s .
‘

o o ra a s s .

CHAP TE R I V .

A cc o un t f ki o n
gs , d i iiv s o ns , mo un ti a ns , i
r ve rs , a nd i nha bit tan s o f

th e o th er
"
Pl a k s ha , S al m a l a , K u sa ,
'

Krau nch a , S ak a ,
C XX I V CO N T EN T S .

a nd P u sh k a ra : of th e c
o ea ns s e p a rati g th m f n e : o th e ti d es : of

th e c fion nes o f th e ear th : th e Lo k al k m t io a o un a n . . Ext t en of

th e wh l o e .

CHAP TE R V .

O f the s e v e n r eg o n s i o f P at al b l w th a, e o e ea r th . p i
N ara d a
’
s ra s e s

of Pat al a . A cc ou n t of th e s er p t en
“

S e s ha . F i t t ch
rs ea er of

t
a s r on o m y a nd a s ro ot l gy .

CHAP TE R V I .

i
O f th e d ff eren h el t l s, or d i iiv s o ns of N ara k a b e l o w P at al a : the
c im p i
r es u n shed in th em ,
re S
p ecti v e l y : e ffic a cy o f x pi a ti o n e :

m d it ti
e a on o n V i sh ri u th e m o s t e ff e cti ve e x pi ti a on .

CHAP TE R V II .

E x t t d it ti
en an s ua on o f ph
th e s e v en s e re s , vi z th k y pl t
. e ar ,
s ,
ane s

Mh l k J a a r- o a ,
a na - o l k Tp l k a ,
a o- o a ,
an d S ty l k O f th
a a- o a . e

e
gg of B ra hm a, an d it lm t y s e e en a r env e o l p O f th i fl c
es . e n u en e

o f th e e n er
gy of Vi hns u.

CHAP TE R V III .

D es cripti on of t h e su n : hi s ch i t ; ar o i ts t wo a xl es : hi s h o rs es .

T he citi es t f th c d i l p i t T h
of th e re
g e n s o e ar na o n s . e sun s
’

c t
ou rs e : f hi y hi p th l g th cliptic L g th
na u re o s ra s : s a a on e e . en

o f d y d i gh t
a Di i i
an f ti m
n q i x d .l tic v s o ns o e: e u no es a n so s e s,

m th on y sth cyclic l Y g
,
e a rs g f fi ,
y N teh a u a or a e o ve e a rs . or e rn

an d th d cli ti
sou S i t
e rn th L k al ke m ti
na o ns . a n s on e o o a ou n a n .

C l ti l p th f th P it ri g d s V i h i O i g i f G ga
e es a a s o e s ,
o ,
s r u. r n o an ,

an d p ti se th t p
a ra f M i t f g t i
o n, o n e o o eru , n o ou r re a r v er s .

CHAP TE R IX .

Pl t y y t m d th ty p f S ma
ane a r s s e p p i Th,
un er e e o a l su ra o r or o se . e

ear th i h d by th Of
n o ur s i whil t th hi
e e su n . ra n s e sun s nes .

Of i f m cl d R i th pp t f g t ti
ra n ro d ou s . a n e su or o ve e a on , an ,

th c f i m l li f N a ay i th pp t f l l b i g
en e , o an a e. r ar a e su or o a e n s .
C XXV I CO N T EN T S .

C HAP TE R XV I .

Ri bh u t
r e u r ns t o hi s d s i cipl e , and p f ct hi m i d i i k wl dg
er e s n v ne no e e .

T he c
s a m e r e o m m e n d ed to th R j
e by B h t wh th
a a, a ra a ,
'

o, e re

u p o n, o bt i fi l lib
a ns na era ti on . C q c f h i g thi l g d
o ns e u en e s o ea r n s e en .

BO O K 1 1 1 .

CHAP TE R I .

A cc oun t of th e s ev e ra lM an u s a nd Ma n wa nta r a s . S w aro chi sh a

t he s e o n d c M a nu : th e d i vi n iti es ,
th e I nd ra ,
th e s ev e n Ri s h i s ,

of hi s p i d
er o ,
and hi s s o ns . S i mi l ar de t il a s of A u tt a m i , T am as a ,

R a i va ta , Ch ak s h u sh a , an d V a i va swa ta . T he fo rm s o f Vi h n s u,

as th e p res e r v e r
,
in ea ch M an wa nt a ra . T he m ea n i ng o f V i s ln i u .

CHAP TE R II .

O f the s e v en f t u u re Ma n u s a nd M a n w a n tar a s . S t y or of S a nj na a n d
C hh ay a, w i v e s
'

of th e sun . S av arm , s on of Chhay a, th e e i ghth

M Hia nu . s su cc e s s o rs , it
w h th e d i i iti
v n es , &c . of th i e r re s p e c

ti p i d
ve er o s . A pp e ar a n e o f c V i sh ri u i n ea ch of th e fo u Y r u
ga s .

CHAP TE R III .

D i vi s i o n of th e V ed a i t f
n o our p ti or by V y a i
o ns ,
a sa ,
n e v er y
D w ap a ra ag e . L it
s of th e tw ty i gh t V y a
en -
ef th p sa s o e re s e n t
Ma nw anta ra . M ean n i g of th e w o rd B rah ma .

CHAP TE R I V .

D i vi s i o n of t he V eda ,
i n th e l tas D wap ara age ,
by th Vy a e sa

K r1 s h ri a D wa i p ay a n a . P il a a made r ea d e r o f th e Rich ; V m ai sa

p ay ana , of the Y aj u s ; J a i mi ni , of th e S am a n ; a nd S u m antu ,

of th e A th a rv a n . pp i t d t t ch th h i t ic l p
S li t a a o n e o ea e s or a o ems .

Or g i i n of th e fo ur p t f th V d S mhit a f th Ri g
ar s o e e a . a s o e -
ved a .

CHAP TE R V .

D i vi s i o ns of t he Yj a u r- v e d a t y f Yj . l ky S or o a n a va a : fo c e d to
r

i
g v e u p wh a h e ha s ea rn e : t e u l d pic k d p by th o e rs ,
fo m i ng r

th e T a i tt i riy a y aj u s a n a va a -
o rs . Yj l ky w hip th s e s un ,

c ic t
o m m u n a e s t o h i m the V a a s a n e i
j y y aj u s
-
.
 CO N T EN T S . C XXV II
CH A P TE R V I .

D i vi s i on s of th e S am a -
ved a : of th e A th a r va ve d a -
. Fou r Pa urai i i k
S a mh as it . N a m es o f th e e i gh t e en P u ra n a s . B ra n ch es of k no w
l e d ge . Cl asses of Ri hi s s .

CH A P TE R V II .

By w ha t m ea ns m e n are ex m pt d f m e eth ity ro the au or of Y m a a,

a s n a rr a e d t by Bh i sh m a t o N k l D i l g b tw
a u a . a o ue e e en Ym a a

a nd o ne of hi s tt d t
a en an s . VV hi p p f Vi h n
o rs e rs o s u no t su bj ct e

to Y ama . Ho w th y e a re t o be k n o wn .

CHAP TE R V III .

H o w V i s h i i u i s t o be w o rsh ipp ed , l t by A
a s re a e d u rv a to S a g a ra .

Du ti es of th e fo ur c t as es ,
s ev e ra lly d i c m m an n o on : l
a so in
ti m e of d it s re s s .

CHAP TE R IX .

D ti es o f th e
u re li g i o u s s u d en t t ,
h o u s eh o d e r, h er m l it ,
a nd mend ic t an .

CHAP TE R X .

C e re m o n e s i t o be o b s e rv e d at th e bi th r an d n a m n i g of a chil d .

O f m a rr yi g n ,
or l e a d ng i a re li g i ous li f e . C h ic o e of a wi f e .

D i ff e re n tm d o es of m arr yi ng .

CHAP T E R XI .

O f the S a d ach ara sp p t l bli g ti f h or er e ua o a o ns o a o u s eh o ld er .

D ily p i fi ti
a bl ti lib ti
ur d bl ti
ca o ns ,
a u ons ,
a o ns ,
an o a o ns : hos pi
t lity b q i l it c m i t b b l
I

a : o se d t
u a r es : er e on es o e o s e rv e a mea s, at

m i g d
o rn n i g w hip d g i g t
an t eve n n o rs ,
an on o n o res .

CHAP TE R XII .

Mi c ll
s e an e o us o bli g ti a ons, p u ri fica t o r
y ,
c er em o n a il ,
a nd m o ra l .

CHAP TE R XIII .

Of Sradd has or r it i h es n o n o ur o f a n e s o rs , c t t o be p f e r o rm e d on

o cc ia s o ns of j ici g O b
re o n . sequ a i lc e re m o n e s i . O f t he E k o d
d i sht a or m on thly S ad d h r a, a nd th e S ap m da n a o r a nn u a l o ne

By wh o m t o b p f m d
e er o r e .
C XXVIII CO N T ENT S .

CHAP TE R XIV .

Of o cc i as o n a l S rad d ha s or o b q i lc
se u a ere m o n es : i when mo s t e ffi

caci o u s , a nd a t wh a t pl c a es .

CHAP TE R X V .

W ha t B hm a n s be t ti Sraddha s D i ff e t
’

ra a re to e n e r a ne d at . ren

p ra
y e i s t o be rec e d it . O ff er i g n s of fo od t o be p re s e n e d t to
de c e a s e d a n e s o rs c t .

CHAP TE R X V I .

Thi ng s p p t b ff d f d t d c d c t
ro er o e o
p e re ,
as oo ,
o e ea s e a n e s o rs : ro

h i bi t d t h i g
e C i c m t c iti ti g S ad d h h w t b
n s . r u s an e s v a n a r a : o o e

i d d S g f th P it i p g it h d by Ik hwak
av o e . on o e
’

r s or ro en o rs , e ar s u .

CHAP TE R X V II .

Of h tic
e re th wh j ct th th ity f th V d th i
s, or o se o re e e au or o e e as : e r

igi
or d c ib d by V i hth t Bh i h m
n ,
as es r th g de d as s a o s a : e o s ,
e

f at d by th D i ty
e e p i Vi hn e i ll y bi g
a as ,
ra s e s u : an us or e n ,
or

B d d h p d c d f m hi b d y
u a, ro u e ro s o .

CHAP TE R XVIII
B d dh g
u a t th o es th d t ch th D i ty t c t m
o e ear an ea es e a as o on e n

th V d hi c ptic l d ct i
e e as : h i p h ibiti
s s e f im l a o r ne s : s ro on o an a

c ific M i g f th t m B d d h J i
sa r es . ea n n d B ddh o e er au a . a na s a n au as

th i t t T h D i ty l th i p w
e r ene s . d me c ma as ose e r o er , an e o v er o e

by th g d M i g f th t m N g
e o s . C q c f
e an n o e e1 a na . o ns e u en es o

g
ne l ct f
e d ty S t
o y f S t d h u d hi
. w i f S i y a or o a a a nu an s e a v .

C m m i with h tic t b h
o un on d ere s o e s u nn e .

B O O K Iv .

CHAP TE R I .

D y na s ti e s o f ki g O igi f th
n ls . r n o e s o ar d y ty f
nas ro m B rahm a .

S o ns of th M eV i w t T ann a va s a a . ra n s o r f m ti a o ns of Il a or

S u d y u mn a D c d t f th
. e s en an s o e s ons of V a i va s wa t : th os e o f

N e d i sh ta . G t f M tt Ki
r e a n e ss o aru a . ng s o f
'

V a i s al i . D es ce n
d an t s of Sa ry ati . L e ge n d of R ai va ta : hi s d a u gh t er R e va t i
m a rr i ed to B al a r ama .
CXXX CO N T EN T S .

CHAP TE R V II .

S ons of Pu rura va s . D e s c en d an t s of A mava su . I n d ra b o rn as

G ad hi . L eg e n d of Ri chi k a a nd S a ty a v a ti . B i th o f J am a d ag ni
r

th e fo m e
(
'

a nd V i s wam i tra . Para s u ram a th e s o n of r L eg e n d

r .

of Para s u ram a
'

.
) Su n ali s ep h a
'

a nd o th ers ,
th e s o n s of V i s wa
'

m it ra , fo rm i ng t h e K au S I k a ra e c .

CHAP TE R V III .

S o ns of Ay u s . L i ne o f
-

K s h a tr a v r l d d h a , or k i ngs of K asi F . o rm e r

bi thr of D h an wa ntari . V i ar o u s n a m e s of Prat ar d an a G . re a t

n es s o f Ala ka r .

CHAP TE R IX .

D e s c end a n t s of R aj l , so n f Ay oI nd us : ra th r e si
g ns
-
hi s ro ne to

hi m : cl i m
a ed , a fte r hi s d ea h , t by hi wh
s s o ns , p t tiz f o a os a e ro m

the re li g i on of th e V ed a s , a n d a r e d es t y d by I d D c
ro e n ra . es end

an s o f t Prati k shatra , s on o f K sh atrav fi ddha .

CHAP TE R X .

T he s o ns o f N a hu s h a . T he s o ns o f Y a y ati : he i s c u rs ed by S k u ra :

i
w sh e s hi s s ons to e x ch a ng e th i e r v ig our f o r h i s i nfi rm i ti e s .

P d ru l
a on e c o ns en s t . Y a y ati t
r e s o re s hi m hi s y th d i i d
ou : v es

th e e ar th a m o ng s t hi s s o n s , u nd er th e s u p rem a cy f P i
o t ru .

CHAP TE R XI .

T he Yad c av a r a e , or d es c en d a n s o f t Y ad u . K art tav i ry a bt io a ns

a b f m Do on ro a ttatr ey a : tk
a es R ava fia pi r s one r : is k ill d by e

Pa ra éu r ama : hi s d es c end an s t .

CHAP TE R X II .

D es c end ants o f K o sht i Jy am a gh a s c o nn bi a l affe cti o n f o r h i s

r r .
’
u

wi fe S a i vy a: th e i r d es c en d a n t s k i ng s o f V i d a bha a nd C h ed i r .

CHAP TE R XIII .

S o ns of S a ttwa ta . B h oj a p i n c e s r of M ri tti k ava ti . S li ry a th e f i end

r

of S a traj i t : a pp ea rs t o hi m i n a b d ily f
o o rm : gi ve s h i m the
S y a m a n ta k a g e m : i ts b illi c
r an e a nd m a rv e ll o us p p ti
ro er es .
 CO N T EN T S . C XXX I
S a traj i t g i ve s it t
li th li o P r a s e n a , wh o i s k ill ed by a on : e on

k ill d by th
e J am b t K hn e b
p ct d f k illi g
ear a va . r1 s a , su s e e o n

P ra s e n ag t l k f hi m i th f t t c th b
,
o es o oo or n e o r es s : ra es e ear

t o hi c s fight w ith hi m f th j w l th c t t p
av e : s or e e e : e o n es ro

l g d pp d by h i c m p i t b l i h e th w
on e : su ose ,
s o a n o ns , o e s a n: ov er ro s

J am b t d m i hi d gh t J am b ti t
av a an w ith
a rr e s s au er av a : r e u rn s
,

h d t h j w l t D wa k a
e r an t e th j w l t
e S t aj i t
e ,
o ra : r es ores e e e o a r

an d m i hi d gh t S ty bh am a S t aj i t m d d by
a rr e s s au er a a . a r ur ere

S t dh w
a a an g d by K h n Q
an :l b tw K ri h i
av en e r1 s a . u a rr e e een s ra

an
i
d B l am Ak i
a ar p d f th j w l l a D wa k a
. rl r a o s s es s e o e e e : e av e s ra .

P blic c l m iti M ti g f th Y ad
u a a St y f Ak i es . ee n o e av a s . or o rl r a s
’

bi th h i i it d t t
r : e cc d by K hn f h i g
s nv e o re u rn : a us e ,
r1 s a ,
o av n

th S y m
e t k j w l
a p d c it i f ll
an a m bly it m i
a e e : ro u es n u a ss e : re a ns

i hi ch g cq itt d f h i g p l i d it '

n s K ri h ar e : s rl a a u e o av n u r o ne .

CHAP TE R XIV .

D es c e n d a n t s of Si ni ,
of A n am i tr a , of Swap hal k a an d C h i tr a k a , of

A n d h ak a . T he ch il d r en of D e va k a and U gr a s e n a . T he d es
cen d a n ts o f Bh aj a m an a . C h il d ren of Sar a : hi s son V as u d eva :

h i s d a u gh t
i d t P and h ch il d er Pri th a m ar r e o u: er re n , Y u dhi s h
thi d h i b th
ra ;an l K i by Ad ity s ro ers a so a rr a ,
a . T he s ons o f

P d by M ad i H b d
an u d ch il d f r . us an s an r en o Sara s ’
o th er

d gh t
au P i bi th s f S p al
e rs . r ev o u s r o l su a .

CHAP TE R XV .

E xpl ana ti on o f i bi th
th e re a s o n why Sl s u p al a ,
i n hi s p re v o u s r s

d Ra i t id tifi d with Vi hn
’

asHi y ka p r a rl w a s1 u an va r a , as no en e s u,

on b i g l i by hi m
e n d w i d tifi d wh k ill d
s a n ,
an as so en e , en e as

Si p al a T h w i f V ch il d B l am
'

su .d hi e v es o a su ev a : s r en : a ar a

and K h i hi by D k i b
r1 s pp tly f R hi i
1 a s s o ns eva : o rn ,
a ar e n ,
o o rl
'

da T h w i d chi l d M ltit d f
’

a d Y
'

n as o fK h . e v es a n re n o rl s rl a . u u e o

th d c d t
e f Y du
es en an s o a .

CHAP TE R XV I .

D es c e nd an ts of T urva su .

CHAP TE R XV II .

De s c e n d an s o f t D ruhy u .
C XXX II CO N T ENT S .

CHAP TE R XV III .

D es c e nd a n s t of A nu . C ti d t wn s
o u n r es an o na m e d a fte r so m e o f

th em , a s A ng B a, an
g a, and o th er s .

CHAP TE R XIX .

D e s c en d ant s o f Pli u B i th o f B ha a t a the s on o f D u shyanta

r . r r ,

hi s s o n s k ill e d a d o pts Bh a a d waj a o V i t a th a H a s ti n fo u n d e

: r r .
,
r

o f H a s ti n a
p a S o n s o f Aj m i dh a
ur . n d th e a c e s d e i e d fr o m a ,
a r r v

t h em a s Panchal a s & c K p a a nd K p i fo un d by San tan

, ,
. rl rl u .

D es c en d a nt s o f Ri k sha th e s o n o f Aj a m i dh a K u k sh e t a ,
. ru r

na m e d f o m K r Ja asa n dha and o the s ki ngs o f M gad ha

uru . r r
,
a .

CHAP TE R XX .

D e s c en d a n t s of K u ru . D ev ap i a b d ic t a es t he th ro n e : a ss u m e d by
Santa n u : he i s c fi on rm e d by th e B ra hm a ns : Bh i s hm a hi s son

by G g a: hi s o er s o n s
an th . B i th r of D hrit a r as h t
'

ra ,
P an du ,

a n d V i d u ra T he h u n dr e d
. s o ns of D h rl tar ash tra . T h e fi ve
s o ns of P and u : m a rr i ed to D rau p a d i : th i p t ity e r o s er . P i ar

k shi t, t he g ran d s o n of Aj r u na
,
th e re i g i g ki g
n n n .

CHAP TE R XXI .

F u t ure k i ng s D e s c end an t s
. of Pari k shi t , e n d ng i it
w h K shem ak a .

CHAP TE R XXII .

F u t u r e k i ng s of the fa m ily of Ik sh wak u ,

en d n g i it
w h S u mi tr a .

CHAP TE R XXIII .

F u t ur e k i n g s of Ma ga d ha, d es c en d an s o f t Br1 had rath a .

CHAP TE R XXI V .

F u tu re k i ng s of Mag a d h a . F i ve pi cr n es of th e li ne o f Pra d y o ta .

T en Ni N d T M y T S g
Sa i s u n ag a s
’

. ne an as . en au r as . en un as .

F ourK iw Thi ty A dh bhmty Ki g f i t ib

ar as . r n ra as . n s o v ar ou s r es

an d c t d p i od
a s es , a n f th i l A c d cy f b b i
er s o e r ru e . s en an o ar ar a ns .

D i ff t c i d i ff t g i
ere n ra P i d f i
es n l i iq ity e re n re ons . er o o u n ve rs a n u

an d d c y C m i g f Vi hn
e a . K l k i D t cti
o n f th o s u as a . es ru on o e

wic k d e d t
, ti anf t h p ctic f th V d
re s ora E d on o e ra es o e e as . n
C X XX I V CO N T EN T S .

CHAP TE R V III .

T h e d e m o n D h c n uk a d s t y d by R am
e ro e a .

CHAP TE R IX .

S p t
or s of th e b y o s i n th e fo re s t P l mb
. ra a a th e
’

A s u ra c om es

am o n
gs t th em : i s d es t y
ro ed by R am a , at the c o mm a n d of

K r1 s hri a .

CHAP TE R X .

D e s c ipti o n
r t
o f au u m n . K r1 s h r1 a d
’

i ss u a d e s N a nd a f
ro m ip
w o rsh
pi gn I nd ra : re c mm o e nd s h im and the Co p as to w o r s h ip c ttl a e

a n d th e m o un ti a ns .

CHAP TE R XI .

I n d ra ,
o ff e n d e d by th e o s s o f hi s
'

l o ff e r n i gs ,
c a u s es hea v y i r a ns

to d e l u
g e G ok ul a ri s h na ho d s
. K l u
p t h e m o un ti a n G o va rd h a n a
t o sh e lt er th e c o w h er d s and th i c ttl
e r a e .

CHAP TE R XII .

I nd ra c o m es to Gok ul a : p i ra s e s K ri sh ri a , and ma kes hi m pi c r n e

o ver th e c ttl
a e . K r1 s h p
’

11 a ro m i s es to b fi e r e nd Aj r u na .

CHAP TE R XIII .

K ri s h nap i d by th c ra s e e o wh er d s : hi s s p t or s it
w h the G pio s:

th i i mit ti
e r d l a on an o ve o f hi m . T he R as a d an c e .

CHAP TE R XIV .

K r1 s h1 1 a
'

k ill s th e d em o n A r i sh fa , i n th e fo m o fr a b ll u .

CHAP TE R XV .

K m i f md
a sa n or e by N a d f th x i s t nc ra a o e e e e of K r1 shna . a nd

B l am h a ar d a : e s en s K es m t o d es t y th
ro em ,
and A k rti r a , t o
b i g th m t M th
r n e o a u ra .

CHAP TE R XV I .

K es m i n th e fo rm of a h o rs e , l i by
s a n K r1 sh1 1 a : h e i s
'

p i
ra s ed
 CO N T EN T S . C XXXV
CHAP TE R XV II .

A k rl i ra
’
s m ed it ti
a on o n K f i sh na : hi s a rr va i l at G o k u l a : hi s d e gh li t
a t s e e ng i K f i sh ri a a nd hi s b th
ro er .

CHAP TE R XV III .

G i f f th G pi
r e o th d p t e o s on e e ar u re of K r1 sh r1 a
'

a nd B la a r am a
with A k i th i l i g G k l rt r a : e r e av n o u a . A k rti ra b th i a es n th e

Y m a; b h l d th d i i f m
a un e o s e v ne or s of th e tw y tho ou s ,
a nd

p i Vi h
ra s e s s il u
'

CHAP TE R XIX .

A k ri i r a y K h c o nv e s r1 s
’

11 a n d R am
a t M th a d l a n ea r o a ur ,
an e a ve s

t h m t h y t th
e : e e n er e t wn I n l n c f K msa w h m
o . so e e o a
’
s as er an :

K h i k ill hi m C i i lity f fl w s ll i ’

r1 s 1 a s . v K sh g o a o er - e er : r1 11 a ve s

hi m h i b d icti s en e on .

CHAP TE R XX .

K r1 sh r1 a
’

a nd B al a r t
am a m e e K u bj a ; sh e i s m a d e s t i gh t by th
ra e

f th y p c
o r m er : pl c K e r o e e d t o th e a a e ri sh na . b k bw re a s a o

i t dd f
n en ti l f m Km
e d or a r a o ar s . a sa s or
’
e rs t ohi t s s e rv a n s .

P blic g m K h n d hi b th t th
'

u a es . ri s a an s ro er e n er e aren a : th e

f m w tl w ith C hand t h l tt with M h ti k

or er re s es ra , e a er, us a ,
th e

k i g w tl ; wh
n
’
s b th k ill d K h i tt ck
re s er s o ar e o e . rl s ra a a s and

ly Km h
s a s d B l am d h m g t V
a d
sa : e an a ar a o o a e o a su ev a a nd

D k i th f m p i
ev a K h : e or er ra s e s r1 s r1 a
'

CHAP TE R XXI .

Kri sh ri a c g
e n o u ra e s hi s p a re n s t ; pl c a es U g ra s e n a on t he th ro ne ;
bc e o m es th e p pi l u of S an d ip a n i , wh o s e s on he c
r e o v ers f om r

th e s e a : he k ill th s e m ar i ne d e m o n Pan ch aj an a ,
-
a nd m a k es a
h o rn of hi s sh ll e .

CHAP TE R XXII .

J aras a nd ha b i es e
g es M th a ur a; i s d e fea t ed , bu t re p t d ly
ea e re ne ws

t he at a t ck .
CX X X V I CO N T EN T S .

CHAPTE R XXIII .

Bi rth c i t M th a '
of K al ay a va n a : he a d va n e s a
g a ns a ur . K r 1 sh r1 a
b il d
u s D wara k a, a n d s en d s thith er th e Yad t ib a va r e: he l ea d s

K al ay a v a n a i t n o th e c av e o f Mu chu k u n d th l tt a : e a er a w a k es ,

c o ns u m e s th e Y a v a n a k i ng , and p i
ra s e s K ri shri a

CHAP TE R XXI V .

Mu chu k u nd a g o e s to p f e r o rm p e na n e c . K r1 s h 1 1 a
'

tk a es th e a r m y
an d t r e as u r e s o f K al ay ava n a , and r e pi a rs , it t w h he m, t o D warak a .

B al a r am a v s i it s V ra a : j i q ii
n u r es o f i ts i h bit t ft
n a an s a er Kl l ‘
'

Il a .

CHAP TE R XX V .

B l aram a fi nd s
a w ine i n th e h o ll wo of a t re e ; bc e om e s i bi t
ne r a e d;
c o mm a n d s the
“

Y a mu na to cm o e t o hi m ,
a nd ,
on h er re us a f l ,

d ra g s h er ou t of h er c o u rs e : La k s hm i gi ves hi m o rn a m e n s t
a nd a d re ss : he t
r e urn s t o D w ar ak a a nd m arr i es R ev a ti .

CHAP TE R XX V I .

K r1 sh r1 a
'

c i ff R kmi a rr e s o u
'

r n:
'

th e pi cr n es wh o c ome to re s u e c her
re p l d by B l am
u se a ar a . Ruk mi n o ver th ro w n , bu t , s p a r ed by
K r1 s hna , fo u n d s Bh oj ak a ta . P ra d y u m n a b o rn o f Ru k m i i i i .

CHAP TE R XXV II .

Pr a d y u m n a t l by S m b ; th
s o en a ar a ro w n i t
n o th e s e a , a n d s wa ll o we d

by a fis h; f d by May adoun ev i : he k ill s S am b ara ,

m a rr i es

M ay ad ev i,
dant with h r e u rn s
, er, t o Dwara k a . J oy of Ruk m i n r
and K ri shri a .

CHAP TE R XX V III .

W i ves of Kr hn is a . P d y m n ha
ra s A i d dh
u a n ru a: nu pti l a s of th e

l tta er . B l am a ar a ,
b t
ea at d ic e, b ce om es i c n e ns ed ,
and s a ly s

Ru k m i n d th
an o ers .

CHAP TE R XXIX .

I n d ra c o mes t o D w ar ak a, a nd r e p t t or s o K r1 s hr1 a th e
'

ty ra n n y of

N k K hn g
ar a a . ri s a o es to hi citys ,
a nd p t u s hi m t o d ea h t .

E th g i t h
ar i ves e e a rr ng s o f A d iti t K o r1 sh 1 1 a ,
'

a nd p i
ra s es hi m .
C XX X V II I CO N T EN T S .

lib e ra ti on : it i f
s re u s e d : i n hi s w r a h, h e dr a gs thet city t w o a rds

hi m ,
to th ro w it i t n o the i
r v er . T he K ur u ch i fs g i
e ve u
p
s am b a an d hi s wi f e .

CHAP TE R XXXV I .

T he A s u ra D w i v i d a , i n th e fo rm o f a n a
p e, d es t y d by B l
ro e a a r am a .

CHAP TE R XXX V II .

D es t r cti o n
u of th e Y ad av as . Sam b a and o th e rs de ci
e v e a nd r i di
clu e the Ri sh i s . T he fo rm e r b e a rs a n i ro n p tl it i b k
es e: s ro en,

a nd th row n i t
n o th e s ea Y ad g t P bh a
. T he av a s o o ra sa , by
d es i re o f K n s hfia : th y q e l d fi gh t d l l p i h
u a rre an ,
an a er s . T he

gr ea t s er p tS en es h i
a f m t h m th f R am K
s su es ro e ou o a . ri s h na
is sh o t by h a u n ert d ,g i b cm
an w ith ai a n e o es o ne u n v e rs a l

CHAP TE R XXXV III .

Ajr u na c o m es t o D w ar a k a, and b u rn s th e d ead ,

and tk a es awa
y
th e s u rv i i
i bit t C m m m t f
v n
g nha an
g s . o e n ce en
'

o th K li
e a a e .

Sh ph d
e t i tt ck A j
er s d c y ff th w m
a n d h eve s a a r u na , an a rr o e o en

and w lth A j g t th l
ea . f hi p w t V ya ;
r u n a re re s e o ss o s ro es s o sa

wh c l hi m d t ll hi m t h t y f A h ta k ’
o o ns o es ,
a n e s e s or o s va ra s

c i g th A p
u rs n Aj d hi b t h
e pl c P i
s a ras a s . r u na an s ro e rs a e ar

k hi t
s th th d g t
on th f e t E d f th fi fth
ro n e ,
an o o e o res s . n o e

b k
oo .

B O O K VI .

CHAP TE R I .

O f th e d i l ti
ss o u o n o f t he wor d l : th e fo ur a
g es : the d e cli ne o f al l

th i n
gs , and de t i e r o ra ti on of man k i nd ,
i n th e K li a ag e .

CHAP TE R II .

R e d e e m ng i p p ti
ro er es of th e K li a a ge . D evo ti o n t o V i s h ri u s u f

fi ci e n t t o l ti
s a va o n, in th t a a g e, fo r al l cas tes a n d .
p e rs o n s .
 CO N T EN T S . C XXX IX
CHAP TE R III .

Th ree i t ki d
d ff e re n n s of d i sso u l ti on . D u ra ti on of a Pa rar dh a .

Th cl p y d
e e s ra o r v es s e l f o r m ea s u r i n
g ti m e . T he d i l ti
ss o u on

th t cc
a ot th u rs a e end of a d ay of B ra h m a .

CHAP TE R I V .

C n ti
o ti
nu a f th cc on o e a ou n t of fi t ki d th e rs n of i l ti
d ss o u on . Of
th ec d ki dse on l n ,
o r e em e n a t l d i l ti ; f ss o u on o a ll b i g e n res o v e d l
i t p i m y pi it
n o r ar s r .

CH A P TE R V .

T he th i d k i d f d i l ti
r n fi l lib ti f m x i t c
o s so u on ,
or na er a on ro e s en e .

E il f w l d ly li f S ff i g i i f cy m h d l d g
v s o or e . u er n s n n an ,
an oo ,
o a e .

P i f h ll
a ns o I m p f ct f licity f h
e .E x mpti f m er e e o eav en . e on ro

bi th d i bl by th w i
r es ra Th t f pi it
e
g d e se . e na ure o s r or o .

M i g f th t m B h g t d V a d
ea n n o e er s a ava an su ev a .

CHAP T E R VI .

M ea n s of a tt i i a n ng lib ti A cd t
e ra on . ne o es of K handi k y a a nd

K e mdhw aj a . T he fo rm e r i t ct
n s ru s th e l tt
a er how t o a o ne t for
p er m itti ng t he d ea h t of a co w . K e S I d hw aj a o ff e r s hi m
“

a re

qu i t a l , a nd he d es i re s to be i t ct
n s ru ed in s pi it l k r ua n ow ed e
g l .

CHAP TE R V II .

K e S Idh w aj a d es c ibr es th e n a t u re of ig n o ra n e c , a nd th e b fit ene s

of th e Yg t m pl ti d ti
o a O f th
or co n e a ve evo on . e n ov ic d e an

th e a d pt i
th ep f m c f th Y g H w it i p
n e er o r an e o e o a . o s er

f m d T h fi t t g p fici cy i ct f t i t d
or e . e rs s a e, ro en n a s -
o r e s ra n an

m l d ty th c d p tic l m d f itti g th th i d
o ra u : e s e on ,
ar u ar o e o s n : e r ,

P a i ay am
r r m d f b th i g th f th P tyah a
a ,
o es o r ea n : e our ,
ra ra ,
re s

t i t
ra n f t h g h t t h fi fth
o pp h i f pi it the i x th
ou : e ,
a re e ns o n o s r : s ,

t ti
re en f th id
on M d it ti
o th i di id l d i
e ea . e a on on e n v ua an un

l f m f Vi h n A cq i m t f k w l d g F i l
v e rs a or s o s u . u re en o no e e . na

lib ti e ra on
C XL CO N T E N T S .

CHAP TE R V III .

C ncl i
o us o n o f th e di a l g
o b tw
ue e ee n P a r a s ar a a nd M it ey
a r a . Re a
c pit l ti
a u a on of th e c t t f
o n en s o the V i s h rl u
'

Pu rana ; m eri t of

h i g it
e ar n : h o w h a n d ed d own . P ai s
r es of V i sh
'

lu
r .

di g p y
n ra er.
 PU RANA
'

2 v rs nrt u .

be t o th ee , Hrl sh i ke s a , Mah ap u ru sh a and Par

’

gl ory
vaj a
1
.

A cc o rd n g i
th ity f th m y tic l i m p t
t o th e fs am e a u or ,
o ne o e s a or s o

th t m i th c ll cti
e er ci ti s f Vi h n exp d byo ; e ve e nu n a on o s u
,
e res s e A

of S i hi b i d r i ti m t d by ; d f th i j i t w h ipp
,
s r e ,
n a e U an o e r o n o rs er,

d iges t d by M A wh l ch pt f th V ay P ai i d
na e . o e a er o e u ur ra s e

t d t th i t m A t x t f th V d i th cit d fi n
vo e o s er . e o e e as s er e e :

a“ ? w ‘
O m t h m yll bl B h m ; t h l tt ,
e o no s a e ra a
’
e a er

m i g it h th p m e b i g 0 th V d c ll cti ly f
ean n e er e su re e n ,
1
:
e e as o e ve ,
o

wh ich th i m yll bl i th typ I t i l

s i d t typi fy
o no s a e s e e . s a so sa o

th th S p h
e f th w l d
ree h th h ly fi er e s th th o e or
,
t e re e o re s ,
e re e

t p f Vi h n &
s e s o s u , c

W EIR m it 3
-

m sha m ? sum :

F re qu e nt m e d it a ti o n u p on it a nd r e p titi e on o f it e ns u r e r e e a s e l
f o m w o l d ly e x i s t e nc e :
r r

range ? we: “fi re man

W W W W W W
‘
E E I TV n
Ran
- -
r e : R ataz ure “ : t
ge aa
w e fi nj u w fu q M a ri an : It
‘
'

S l M
e e, a so , II 7 6 V a d m
a nu , f Vi h n K hi .
,
. su eva , a na e o s u or ri s r a,

is cc d i g t i t g m m tic l ty m l gy p t y m ic d i
,
a or n o s ra a a e o o ,
a a ro n er

va ti i m plyi g
ve f V d Th n V i hn P s on o a su e va . e a s av a u ra n a s

h w o d i
ev e r , th xpl ti S
ev s e o th x t ch pt d er e a na ons . ee e ne a e r, an ,

a
g i b VI
a n ,
5 . 0 . .

I t hi t z cc
n i f th pp ll ti
s s an a o f Vi h n u rs a s er es o e a e a o ns o s u :

1 P i d i k ak h
. ur ar h i g y s li k a l t av n e es e a o os ,
or

h t p di g
ear -
P d ik i
e rva x pl i d p m gl y
n : or d u rl
'

ar a s e a ne su re e or ,
an

A k h i m p i h bl T h fi t i th m t
s a, er s l tym
a 2 Vie . e rs s e os u su a e on . .

'

sw bh a a
( fa w a ) fi
va na t h c t f th i t h ,
e r ea o r o e u n ve rs e ,
or e

c f th
au s e o x i t c f l l thi g 3 H hik
e e
(M
s en e
) o a n s . . rl s es a
'

Th i s v ers e is a sol f i n the M d rka fid eya p um na , XM L, 8 ;

ou nd
’
-
p . 241 of

th e e d iti on i n the Bi bli otkeca Ind i ca .

 B OK I O .
,
C HA P I . . 3.

May th at Vi s h n u wh o i s th e ex i st ent i m p eri sh abl e

'

, ,

B rahm a ; wh o i s I s wara ; wh o i s spi rit 5 wh o, w ith th e

1 2 '

3
th ree q u aliti es i s th e c a u se o f cre ati o n p reserv ati o n , , ,

a n d d e s t r u cti o n ; wh o i s th e p ar e n t o f n a t u re i n t ell e ct , ,

lo rd of t h e s en s e s t. 4 . Mahap u ru s ha g rea or s u

p m
re pi it ; P h m i g th t w hich bi d
e s r u ru s q i c t a ea n n a a es or is u es en

i b d y (p i t) 5 P j p d cd pp i g
' '

n o ur se e . . 1 1 rv a a ro u e or a e ar n

b f c ti ; th O p h i Q / Q I t h fifth b k
e o re re a on e I c fl CU T O OI O . n e oo ,

i d c ib d by fi pp ll ti wh ich
'

c 18
. Vi h ,
s r1 u s es r e ve a e a o ns a re co n

sid d l g t th
e re ana o 1 Bh i t atm
(11 mm
ou s
) w
o it h ese , 01 : . 1 an ,
o ne

c t d thi g
r ea e P i d i k ak h ; 2 P d h a atm
n s, or
(m m — )
ur ar s a . ra n an ,

w ith c d t
o ne V w bh a ru ; 3 I d i y at m
e na ure
(f r; ,
or 1 s a vana . n r an c

m ) w it h t h , H
oneri h i k ; 4 P m at m ( it
t e s e n s es , or s esa
'

. a ra an

W ) p m S pi it : M h a
sup h re; d At m e
(w ) r ,
or a u ru s a an an ,

s oul li i g , l i m ti g t
v n d x i ti g b f
s ou ,
it an a n na u re an e s n e o re ,
or

P li r v aj a .

B rahm a ( W E
I) : i n th e n eu er t fo rm ,
is b t ct p
a s ra su r em e

S pi it r , a nd Iswa r a (W ) i s th e d e ity in hi cti

s t a ve n a u re
,

h e wh o i s a bl e to do or l e a ve u n d o n e ,
or to d yth i g
o an n In a n
y
o th er m a n n er t h t th t a a i n wh h ic it i s d o ne :
“

m
0
: I

(
2
)P u nns
'

it Ea
rP h i c ,
w h h i s th e ic same w h ur u s a ,
n or

p t d S pi
o ra e it B y t h i d t h tw pr c d i g t. m l th s ,
an e o re e n er s ,
a so ,
e

c mm t t
o d ta d th t x t t i g i fy th t Vi h n i y
en a o r u n er s n s e e o s n ,
a s u s an

f m f pi it l b i g th t i ck w l d g d by d i ff
or o s r ua t p hil e n a s a no e e er e n o

so ph ic l y t m ; a t h t h i th B h m f t h V d a t
s s e s or a e s e .
ra a o e e n a,

th I w d th P f th s a k h y
'

e f th P at j l
s ara ho e an a a ,
an e u ru s a o e n a
7

s ch l oo .

T h th 3
q liti t wh ich w h l l h f th cc i
e re e ua e s, o e s a av e ur er o as on

t d o t a S tt w ( W ) g d
ve r ,
p ity k wl d g
are : a a ,
oo n e ss o r ur ,
no e e,

In the Ma habhar a ta , U dyog a p a rva n , 2 5 6 4 a nd 2 5 6 7 , Pu1 i d ar1 kaksha

'
-

'
a nd Hf i s hl ke s a are e
'

a ne d t o a ver d fferen u r or T he s an as xpl i “

y i tp p t . t z
are
qu o t ed a nd t rans a ed lt in Ma l t s Orig i na l S anskri t T ex ts , P t IV
ar .
,

pp . 1 82 and 1 83 .
4 V S I H NU PU RARA .

1
an d th er i n gre di en t s o f th e u n i v ers e ;
th e o be t o us

the b e s t o wer of u n d erst a n di n g wea lth ,

-

,
an d fi n al
e m an cip ati o n .

H av i ng a d o red V i shr1 u the l ord o f al l ’

,
2
an d p aid

q i c c ; R j (W E ) f l
u es e n e a as ,
o u n es s , p i as s o n , a cti ity ;
v a nd T a mas

(m ) d k ig c i ,
ar n e ss ,
n o ra n e ,
n er ti a .

Pr a d hana bu d d hy ad l j ag a tp rap an ch a sd li (m ‘

Ha fi z) . T hi p
ic t f th d ity d i ti g i h m t f th
s re d a e o e e s n u s es os o e

Pu r anas f m l f th ph il p h ic l y t m which m i
ro s e ve r a o e oso a s s e s ,
a n

t i ,
a n d i d th
as li t G ci y t m f c m g y th
e e ar es re an s s e s o os o on ,
e

t l d i d p d t x i t c f th fi t p i cipl f th i g
e e rn a an n e en en e s en e o e rs r n e o n s,

t
a s n a ur e m tt ch
,
A cc d i g ly th c mm t t
a er ,
or aos . or n ,
e o en a o r n o

tic th bj cti
es e P d h a b i g w ith t b g i i g i t i
o e on . ra n a. e n ou e nn n ,
s

sa i d H w a V i h i b i t p t ? T which h pli th t
,
o c n s ru e s a re n o e re es ,
a

th i i
s ts no ; f i p i d f w l d ly d t cti ( P l y )
so or ,
n a er o o or e s ru on ra a a ,

wh en th c t d i t f m c ti g
e re a o r th i g i g t d by es s s ro re a n ,
no n s e n er a e

i t f y th
v r ue o gy
an p t O i f thi b t ti
o er e ner or a re n . r ,
s e no sa s

f ct y th th t x t m y b
a or ,
en d t d t i m ply t h t i t ll ct
e e a e un e rs o o o a n e e

( B ud d h i ) & f ,
m d t h g h ct h .m t
,
i lity
are f c d tor e ro u e a er a o ru e n a ure

or P ra d han a .

2
V i sh rl u i s
'

c o m m on ly d er i ve d , i n th e P u ra n as , f ro m th e ro o t
Vl s
) ( fa g t ; t i g i t ,
p d i g th
to i
e n er e n er n n o or e rv a n e u n v e rs e :

a
g bly
re e a t t h t x t f t h V d o FIT 3 1 W
3 nfi afit
e ‘ e o e e as : -

‘H i g c t d t h t ( w l d ) h th ft w d t i t it ;
av n r ea e a or ,
e en a er ar s e n e rs n o

bi ge n c mm t b
a s o ur d i ti g i h d by pl c
o ti m en o s e r ve s un s n u s e a e e,

p p ty afl m a m a l a%m afi [ I A cc d i g t th
, , ,

or ro er : or n o e

M t y P th m ll d t hi t i g i t th m d
a s a .
,
e na e a u es o s e n er n n o e un a ne

e
gg cc d i g t t h P d m P t hi t i g i t
: a or n o c mbi i g e a a .
,
o s en e r n n o , or o n n

w ith P k t i P h
ra pi it rl ,
as uru s a or s r :

R 1 1 a u narfia ug : M a fia 3 1
I n th e M k o sh a D ha rm a of th e Ma ha h ara b t a ,
s . 1 65 , th e wo rd i s
d e r i ve d f ro m t he ro o t vi
( FT)
E ,
s i g i fyin n
g m o ti on ,
p e r vas o n , i

S e e th e ed it or s
’
s e on dc no e t in p . 26 , a nd no e t i n p 3 5 , i nf r a
. .
6 V S I H NU PU R AN A .

M a itrey a ,
3
hav i n g
ti ally th u s s a u ed l t him re v er en ,

a dd e s s e d Pa
r ra s ar a — th e e x c ell ent s a g e th e g ra n d so n
—
, ,

o f V a s i s hth a wh o wa s v ers e d i n t ra d iti o n a l hi s to ry

a n d th e P ura n a s ; wh o w a s a cq u a i n t e d w ith th e V e d a s

a nd t h e b ran ch e s o f s ci en c e d ep en d en t u p o n th e m ,

a n d s kill e d i n l aw a n d
p h i l o s o h y l a n d wh o h a d
p y
‘

p erfo rm e d th e m o rn i n g rit e s o f d e v o ti o n .

M ait rey a s a i d : M a s t er ! I h av e b e en i n s tr u ct e d by
y ou i n th e wh o l e o f th e V e d a s
,
a n d i n t h e i n s tit ut e s ,

o f l aw a n d o f s a cr e d s ci e n c e Th ro u gh y o u r fav o u r .
,

o th e r m e n e v e n th o u gh th e y be m y fo e s
,
c ann o t a o ,

c u s e m e o f h av i n g b een r em i s s i n th e a cqu i rem en t o f

k n o wl e d g e I a m n o w d e s i ro u s O th o u wh o art p ro
.
,

fo u n d i n pi ety ; t o h e ar fro m th e e ho w thi s world wa s ,

a n d h o w i n fu t u re it w ill be ? wh a t i s i t s s u b s t a n c e O ,

B rah m an ; an d wh en c e p ro c ee d e d an im ate a n d i na n i
m a t e thi n g s ? i n t o wh at h a s it b e en r e s o l v e d ; a n d i nt o
wh a t w ill i t s d i s s o l u ti o n a g a i n o cc u r ? h o w we re t he
e l e m e n t s m a n ife s t e d ? wh e n c e p r o c ee d e d th e g o d s an d

o th er b e i n g s ? wh a t ar e th e s it u ati o n a n d e x t en t o f
t h e o c e a n s a n d th e m o u n t a i n s t h e e a rth th e s u n a n d , , ,

t h e pl an et s ? wh a t a re th e fa m ili e s o f th e g o d s a n d

3
M it y a re i cipl
a i s th e d s e of Pa r a s ara , w h o l t th V i re a es e sh ri u

F u ari a o
r t hi m H i l . e s a so o ne o f th c h i f i t l c t
e ie n er o u o r s n th e

B hag a va a t ,
d i i t d c d
an s n ro u e ,
in t h M h ab h a t
e a
(V P ra a ana a rv a n ,

as g a t Ri h i re a s or s ag e ,
wh d o c D y dh en o u n e s ur o ana s
’

d ea h t . I th B h ag
n t h
e av a a ,
e is l t mdK
a so er i e a u s a ra v ,
or the
'

s on o f K u s ar ava .

Lit lly era ,

“
V as i s htha
’ ’
s son s
’
s on Paras ara s
' ’
f th
a er , as the co m

m entator re m a rks ,
wa s S aktri . S ee m y c
s e o nd t i p 8 if
no e n .
,
n ra .

1
“
A nd phil phy os o i s th e c om m e n tt a or s
’

d fi iti
e nf th i gi l
on o e or na e
'

a di ,
“
an d th t ”
e res .
 B OO K I .
,
CHAP I . . 7

o th ers the Ma n u s the p eri o d s c all e d Manwa ntara s

, , ,

th o s e term e d K alp a s a n d th e i r s u b d iv i s i o n s a n d th e
, ,

fo u r a g e s : th e ev en t s th a t happ en at th e cl o se o f a
K alp a an d the t erm i n ati o n s o f the s ev eral a g e s : th e
,
1

hi s to ri e s O g reat M u n i o f th e g o d s th e s a g es an d
, , , ,

ki ng s ; a n d h ow th e Ve d a s were div i d e d i nt o b ra n ch e s
o r s ch o o l s) a ft e r th ey h a d b ee n arr a n g e d by Vy as a :
( ,

th e d u ti e s o f th e B rah m a n s a n d th e o th e r t rib e s a s ,

w ell a s o f th o s e wh o p a s s th ro u gh th e d ifferen t o rd er s
o f life ? A l l th es e th i n g s I w i s h t o h ea r fro m y o u ,

gra n d s o n o f Va s i shtha x l I n cli n e thy tho u gh t s b en e

'
'

v o l e n tly t o w a r d s m e that I m ay th ro u gh thy fa v o u r

, , ,

be i n fo rm e d o f a ll I d e s i re t o k n o w .

Pa ra s a ra repli e d : W ell i n q u i r e d pi o u s M a itrey a ,

.

Yo u re c all t o m y r e c o ll e cti o n th a t which wa s of ol d

n arrat e d by m
y fath e r s fath er V as i shth a
’
I h a d h ea r d ,
.

th a t m y fath er h a d b e en d ev o u re d by a R ak sh a s a em
pl o y e d by Vi Sw am itra Vi ol ent a n g er s eiz e d m e ; a n d
.

I c o m m en c e d a s a crific e fo r th e d es tru cti o n o f th e

.

R ak sh a sa s H u n dre d s o f them were re d u c e d t o a sh es

‘

by th e rit e ; wh en a s th ey w ere a b o u t t o be en tirely

,

ex ti rp at e d m y gra n dfath er Va s i shth a th u s s p a k e t o

,

m e : E n ou gh m y chil d ; l e t thy wr ath be a pp e as e d :

,

th e R ak s h a s a s a r e n o t c u lp abl e : thy fa th er s d e a th wa s
’

th e w o rk o f d e s ti n y A n g e r i s th e p a s s i o n o f fo o l s ; it
.

b e c o m eth n o t a wi s e m an B y wh o m it m ay be a s k e d .
, ,

O ne c py
o d rea s -
Y u g a d h a rm a ,
th e du ti es p e c ul i a r . t o th e

fo u r a
g es , or t h i ch
e r ara ct i tic p p ti
er s ro er es ,
i t ns e a d of Y u g anta .

Vyds a -
ka r tfi ka ha s , ra th er , the s i g i fic ti
n a on of
“
c mp
o os ed by
Vyasa
1 T o the l tt
e er,
“
s on of Vé si shtha
’

whos e f t he
a r was Vasi shtha .
8 V S I H NU PU R ANA ‘

is an kill e d ? Ev ery m a n r e ap s th e c o n se q u e n c e s
one
y
o f h i s o w n a ct s A n g er m y s o n i s th e d es t r u cti o n o f
.
, ,

a ll th a t m a n o bt a i n s by ard u o u s ex erti o n s o f fa m e , ,

a n d o f d ev o u t a u s t er iti es a n d p r e v e n t s th e a tt a i n m e n t ,

o f h eav e n or o f e m a n cip a ti o n T h e chi ef s ages al wa y s .

s h u n wra th : be n o t th o u m y chil d s u bj e ct t o i t s i n , ,

fl u en c e Let n o m o re o f th e s e u n o ff en d i n g s pi rit s o f
.

d ark n e s s be c o n s u m e d M ercy i s th e m igh t o f th e .

r ight e o u s .

Sa c ific
r e of Pa r a s a ra . T he s or t y of Pa ra s ara
’
s bi th i
r s

n arra e d t b ha t ( Adi P
in de t il
a i n th e M aha ra a arv a n , s . Ki g n

K l m a h p ad
a m ti g with S k ti
s a th a ,
f V i h thee i n a ,
e s on o as s a ,
n a

n a r row p th i thick t d i d hi m t t d t f hi w y
a n a e ,
e s re o s an ou o s a .

Th e
g f d;sa wh ich th R aj a b t h i m w ith hi w hip ;
e re u s e on e ea s

an d S k ti c d hi m t
a b c m R ak h u rs e m d i g o e o e a s a sa , a a n- ev o ur n

S pi it T h R aj a i t hi t
r . f m ti
e k ill d d t i t
,
n s ra n s o r a on ,
e an a e s

au th orS k ti t g th with l l th th
,
or a ,
f V i h tho e er a e o er s o n s o as s a .

S k ti l ft h i wi f A d ri y ti p g t ; d h g bi th t '

a e s e, s an ,
re n an an S e av e r o

P wh w
a ra s a r a b g ht p by hi g d f th
,
o Wh
as h ro u u s ra n a er . en e

g w p
re d w i f m d f hi f th d th h i tit t d
u ,
an as n or e o s a er s
’
ea ,
e ns u e a

sa rc ific f th d t cti e orf l l th R ak h e b t w

e s ru di on o a e s as as ,
u as s

su a d d f m i t c m pl ti
e ro by V i hth d s th go e on as s a an o er sa es ,
or

A t i P l ty P l h
r , u as d K t T h M h ab h a t
a, u a dd th t a, an ra u . e a ra a a s, a ,

wh h d i t d f m th
en e it b c tt d th m i i g c i
es s e ro e r e, e s a e re e re a n n sa r

fi i l fi
c a p th re th f c
u f th H i m al y m
on e ti n or e rn a e o e a a ou n a n,

wh it till bl z f th t th ph
er e s f th m a c mi g
es or ,
a e as e s o e
“

oon, o ns u n

R ak h s f t asas d m ti
,
Th l g d
ores s ll d p ,
an o u n a ns . e e en a u es ,
os

s i bl y t m t
,
hi m l y
o so lc eTh t f m ti
ra n s - f a a an v o an o . e ra n s o r a on o

K l m a h p ad i
a sc ib d i th pl c t d i ff t c ;
a a s as r e ,
n o er a es ,
o a er e n au s e

b t h i
u y wh e sg d d a th d
eve r f S k ti j
er e re ar e s e ev o u re r o a
-

S kt i
a rth m , l ccas Th t y i t l d i th L i g
e na e a so o u rs . e s or s o n e n a

Su pply
T hi i
:
“
Le t
ly
thi s thy sa r c ific c e eas e

l
Ha
i gh t
m
1 s s h ard the n am e o f a ma e. T he r word s eem s t o be
S ak tri .
10 V SHI NU PU RAN A .

th e son of B ra h m a
c i by m y g r a n d ,
1
wh o w a s re e v e d ,

fath er w ith th e c u st o m ary m ark s o f re sp e ct T h e

, .

ill u stri o u s b ro th er o f P u l ah a s a id t o m e : S i n c e i n f
,

th e v i o l en c e o f an im o s ity y o u h av e li s t en e d t o th e ,

w o rd s o f y o ur p ro g en it o r a n d h av e ex er ci se d cl em en cy , ,

th erefore y o u s h all b e c o m e l earn e d i n ev ery s ci en ce .

S i n c e y o u h av e forb orn e ev en th o u gh i n c en s e d t o , ,

d e s tr o y m y p o s t erity I will b est ow u p o n y o u a n o th e r ,

b o o n ; a n d y o u sh all b e c o m e th e a uth o r o f a s u m m ary

o f th e F ur ari a s Y ou sh all k n o w th e t ru e n a tu re o f
2
'

th e d e iti e s a s it re ally i s a nd
, wh eth er e n g a g e d i n ,

fro mth t S c it h a m t p b bly

ou r e f ,w d ly e re ,
os ro a ,
re e r s u n av o e ,
as

th L i g d
e n w d l y t th V i h i P
a o es av o e o e s ru ura n a .

P l ty w ill b p
u as tly a i,
f th Ri hi
as e re s en s e en ,
s o ne o e s s

wh w o th m i d be re f B hm ae P l h wh i h n -
o rn s o ns o ra . u a a ,
o s e re

l
a so m d i na th P l ty i c
e ,
i d d th c t
s a no er . u as a s on s er e as e a n es o r

f th R ak h h i t h f th th f th
'

o e ; s f Vi
a sa s f as e s e a er o s ra v a s ,
e a er o

Ra i d hi
va r a b th an U tt R amay i M hab ha t
s re re n . a ra ar a . a ra a ,

V P ana 272 P dm P
a r va n , Li g P s 63
. . a a u r. n a ur .
,
s . .

m a riti me ?" Hara re nfawfa 1

Y ou sh a ll be a m a k e r i o f th e S a mh it a o r c o m p e nd i u m of the

P ur a n a s ,
or of t h e V i sh rl u
'

P u ra n a , c o ns id e re d as a su mmar y or

c mpo end u m i of Pa u r ani k t d iti ra o ns . In e ith e r s e ns e it i s i n co m

p tibl
a e i
w th th e g e n er a l tt ib ti
a r u o n o f al l th e P ura n a s t o V yas a .

R d
eal d b th “
g j
e er ro er a ra a .

1 R th
a gr bl y t th c mm t t Y h ll bt i i p p
er, a eea o e o en a or :
“
ou s a o a n n a ro er

m anne rth hi gh t bj ct d i
e bl f m p p h es i f d ity
o e T hi er va e ro a re ens on o e s

i
s i d t b k wl d g
sa o ed ci “
t m cip ti
no I th S
e k it
e co n u ve o e an a on n e a ns r

W m m r fi fi tfi tfi f n m n w fi 6 11 51 1
T h li e d xp iti i
n e u n er e f ll w os on s as o o s

m r m 133 31 3 a m 1
0 \ 0 0 K

u ur a 1 1 2 11 3

K t i h w
a r rz l ci d t d i th c mm t y by p
s ,
o ever, e u l k a e , n e o e n ar ,
r a va r a a,
“
p bli h
u sly er on .
 B OO K I .
,
C HAP I . . 1 1

re ligi o u s rit e s o r ab st a i n i n g from th ei r p e rfo rm a n c e

, ,

y o u r u n d ers ta n d in g th ro u gh m y fa v o u r sh all be p e r , ,

feet a n d e x em pt fro m d o u bt s T h en m y g ran d s i re

,
.

Va s i shth a a d d e d : Wh a t ev e r h as b e en sa id t o th ee by
Pul a sty a s h all a s s u re d ly c o m e t o p a s s .

No w t ruly all th at wa s t o ld m e fo rm erly by Va

s i s htha a n d by th e wi s e Pu l a s t a h as b e e n b r o u ght
, y ,

t o m y r e c o ll e cti o n by y o ur q u e s ti o n s ; a n d I will r el at e
t o y o u th e wh o l e e v en al l y o u h av e a s k e d L i st en t o ,
.

th e c o m pl et e c o m p e n di u m o f th e P u ran a s a cc o rd i n g ,

t o i ts t en o r T h e w o rl d w a s p ro d u c e d fro m Vi sh n u :
.

it ex i st s i n h im : h e i s th e c a u se of it s c o n ti n uan c e a n d
*
c es s ati o n : h e i s th e w o rl d .

1
W he h e r t p f
er o r m n g t h e u s uai l c m i f th B
ere o n es o e ra h m a ns ,
or l d i g li f f d ti
ea n a d e o d th
ev o o n an p c which p
e na n e ,
su e rs e es e

c ity f it
n e e ss d c ific
o r es a n sa r es .

2
Th i f ct th b i f pli t M it y
ese a re ,
n ai ,
e r e re es o a re a s
’
s x

q ti (p
u es o ns H w w . th w l d c t d ? B y Vi h n
or : o as e or r ea e s u.

H w w ill it b ? A t th p i d
o f di l ti
e it w ill b i e er o s o ss o u on ,
e n

Vi h i s Wh c p c d d
ru . i m t d i i m t th i g ? F m
en e ro ee e an a e an na n a e n s ro

Vi h i s ruO f wh t i th
. b t c f th w l d ? V i h i I t
a s e su s an e o e or s l u . n o

wh t h a it b as d w ill it g i b e en l d ? Vi h i H
,
an a a n e ,
r es o v e s r u. e

is ,
th f b th th i t m t l d m t i l c
er e o r e ,
o f th
e n s ru en a an a er a au s e o e

i
u n ve rs e
‘
Th w
. t t h wh c ” e pli t th q y
ans er o e
“
en e re es o e u er

as t tho i t m tl c e ns ru H i t h w l d ”
en a pli t th au se :
“
e s e or re es o e

i q i y th m t i l wa erreg : fafm
f
'

n u r t as o e a er a - ‘

e fiwt 5 1 1 m R W W W R 1
‘
A d by t h i x pl n s e an a

ti on f th o
g cy f th m t i lity &
e a en f Vi h n o g d e a er a ,
c . o s u ,
as re ar s

th i
e u n ve rs e
(it f ll w th t) l l w ill b p d c d f m
,
o o d ll s a a e ro u e ro ,
an a

w ill p i hi m = ai d e fame: m am ’ “
re ose n

fears aw famfit a mfw fi t ta t a m ai m 1 t

‘ '
-
W h ' “

e
-
c
”
e av e

S hy m S th d it fi t t i p 26 i f ’
ar a a . ee e e or s rs no e n .
,
n ra .

1 Th tw xt ct
ese f m th o e mm t y rat h Val i p
s are ro e co en ar on e er a - u ra n a .

Th fi t i e rslittl b idg d s a e a r e .
 I H N U PU RAN A
'

12 V S .

he re p ci ly th 6 w f th O ph ic d ct i ; d w m i ght
re se e T ne o e r o r nes an e

f cy th t B ck w t
an ,
a l ti g p g f m P ai
ru er as ra n s a n a a ss a e ro a ur ra

wh h
en d c ib
e th m i t h w d
es r es C ti i J m
e n es e or s :
“
on nu s s e ove

l[ g V i h m] i
e e s mm m d m i S
nu m i
s ve su m ib t m u eu n e o n a ,
o n us or u

ex sed di ; t
e m i
sse g i et H
p o n a ex se e nu s s e ,
e ex sua ro

d i ti ; S p i i t m
ux s s e e s s en a i i q i m i gi t i i fi t
r u es s e u n vers ,
u o n a re ,
v v ca ,

es tq ue M E x q ib c i q it m i i m d it
u u s ne
” es s a r o s e u ur o n a n eu re u ra .

H i t P hil
s . I 3 88 os J m bl i h
.
,
. d P r cl
,
l t ti fy th t
. a c us an o us a so es a

th e P yth g d ct i
a f th
o r ea n i g i f th m t i l w l d
o r ne s o e or n o e a er a or

f m th D ity
ro e d i t i d tity w it h h i m w
e ,
an m ch t h m s en ,
er e u e sa e .

C d w th I t l l S y t V l I p 346
u or ,
n e . s .
,
o . .
,
. .
14 V SHI NU PU RArIA
'

o f th e wo rld : t o V as u d ev a th e lib erat or o f h i s wo r ,

s hipp e r s : t o hi m wh o s e e s s en c e i s b o th s i n gl e a n d
m an ifo ld ; wh o i s b o th s u btil e a n d c o rp o re a l i n d i s c re t e ,

an d di s crete : t o Vi sh n u th e c a u se o f fi n al em an ,

c i ati o n
p G l o ry t o th e s u p re m e Vi sh n u
.
l
t h e c au s e ,

Th y e a re ev e r c mbi
o ned w h, it d d p de t p
an e en n u o n, o n e a no th er ;
and th y e a r e n e v er fo r an i t t p t ; th y
ns a n se a ra e e n e v er q itu ea ch
oth er

mu fl e mfirg m
‘
1 11 1 3 1 1 1 1 311 : fi ’
a:

Rafi-
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ra
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ga e m 1
fa i rer-1 t fi: £5
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se e n: H ana : m 11
( f t s en mi t i f ? f al se: W
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w arm ”
a s 1 1 6 1 Rafi ea r 1 1 71 as 3 2 11 1 1 m
“

a s hra E? 3 1 m
Rd fi a lvfi a afi a m
’
n a a fa
’

Th ti ie no c mm t l l tiq ity lth gh l ph il

on s o ne o on o a an u ,
a ou es s o

so p hic l ly c c i d
a p h p l d i ti ctly x p
on e ve d i th ,
o r, er a s, ess s n e res s e ,
n e

p ag which h
a ss es cm d w t Th p g 391 d
i av e o e o n o us . e T e 1 1

v n o or d g f Pl t o ez i d by C d w th ( L
o p th
a o a re sa u or u on e
r

, ,

au th ity f P l ti
or t b o ci t d ct i o n l nu s555 ,
o e an an en o r ne ,
a a t oz (
‘
11 .

A d h
n l b e F
a so i c O pho P yth g
s e r ve s :d “
or ,
s n e r eu s ,
a o ra s
,
an

Pl t wh
a o ,
l l f th m o t d t i ity f d i i hyp t
,
a o e ,
a s s er e a r n o v ne os a s e s ,

un q ti bly d i d m ch f th i d ct i f m th E gypti
u es ona er v e u o e r o r ne ro e ans ,

it m y b a bly p ct d th t th E gypti d i d th li k
e r ea s o na sus e e ,
a es e a ns e e

bf te ore h m ” A h we th . G ci cc t d th S ,
f o e v er , e re an a ou n s a n os e o

th E g ypti
e m ch m p pl x d d
a n s ar e ti f ct y th u or e er e e an u ns a s a or an

th ose of th H i d it i m t p b abl th t w fi d m g t
e n us , s os ro e a e n a on s

th m th d ct i i i t m t i g i l w ll m t m th d ic l
e e o r ne n s os or na ,
as e as os e o a

an d i g i fic t f m
s n an ,
or .

T hi d d
1
t Vi hn p
s a th ti th t h
res s th o s u urs u e s e no on a e ,
as e

su pr m b i g i
e e wh il t h i
e n l l H i A ika
,
t
s o ne b ,
s e s a . e s v ra , no su

T he word s “
of hi s wors h ipp ers are s u ppli d f e rom the c om m en ar t y .
 B OO K I .
,
C HAP II . . 15

of th e cre ati o n ex i st en ce d en d of thi s wo rl d ;

‘

, ,
an

wh o i s th e ro o t o f th e wo rld ,
a nd wh o c o ns i st s o f the
w o rld .

H av in g gl o rifi e d hi m wh o i s th e su pp o rt of a ll
2
thi n g s ; wh o i s the sm all es t o f th e sm all ; wh o i s i n all
c reate d thin g s ; th e u n ch an g e d i m p eri sh abl e P uru ,
3

j t t ch g S d i k i p
ce o an i i bl e : t : h i th
a a a rl a ,
o ne nv a r a e n a ur e e s e

lib t ( T a )
e ra o r h wh b m t l
ra c ,
th
or c e f o e ar s o r a s a ros s e o ea n o

ex i t c h i b th i g l
s en e : d m if ld ( E ka k
e s o ip ) s n d e an an o ne a rt a : an

h e i th s i d i c t (A y k t ) c
e n f th w l d
s re e w ll v a a au se o e or ,
as e as

th e d i c t ( V y k t ) ff ct ;
s re e th i i ibl c a a d i ibl
e e or e nv s e au s e an v s e

cr tiea on .

J g m y am d an p c i ti
a g ab t ,
ti lly ( )
W
a e u f ,
or o ns s n su s an a ,
o

th w l d My i ffi x d ti g m d c i ti g f ;
‘ ‘ ’
n o
’
e or . a a s an a eno n a e or o ns s

as K a hth m y s
‘
m d f w d
a T h w ld i
a a ,
th f a e o t oo
’
. e or s ,
er e o re , n o

re
g dard by t heP a i,
ik m ti e ill
au r i r b t s ,
a s an e an a o n, or an u s o n, u

as c b t ti l w ith i t fi t c
o n su s an a s rs ause .

A m y an m
2
y a (W W W ) h m t t m ic
‘
' '

ns a an l as nn ,
t e os a o

o f th t m ic ; ll d i g t th t m ic th y f th Ny ay
e a o
’
a u n o e a o e or o e a or

l g ic l ch l
o a s oo .

O A hy t ( w r
) ; c cmm u am f Vi h i f m a o o n na e o s ru , ro a

p i ti
r va d C hy t
ve f ll
,
cc d i g t
an c mm t h
u a
,
‘
a en : a or n o ou r o en ,
e

wh d t p i h w ith c t d th i g T h M h ab h a t ’
o o es no er s re a e n s . e a ra a

i t p t it i
n er re s pl c t m ,
‘
h wh i n on e d i ti ct f m
a e ,
o e an e o s n ot s n ro

fi l m cip ti ; d i
na e an th t i g i fy x m pt f m
a on
‘’
an ,
n a no er ,
o s n e e ro

d c y A c mm t t '

e a
’
th K a i kh i d f th o en a o r on e s ar a o e

Sk d P aan a pl i it h w h‘
ur
'

rl a d cli ex ( a ns i ) e o n eve r e ne s or va r es

f m hi w p p
ro s o t a mm n fi Itro er n a u re :

In the or i gi l t h
na ere is no t erm to wh h ic t hi c s orres p ond s .

t w wwfi n
1 6 V S I H NU PU R ANA
l
sh o t t am a ; wh o i s on e with t ru e wi s d o m , as tru ly
2 *
kn o wn ; e t ern al a n d in c o rr u pt ; an d who i s kn own ,

th ro u gh fal s e app e aran ces by th e n atu re o f vi s ibl e ,

o we d t o Vi s h n u
i’
o b e ct s z
j j h i g b th d t ro y e r
‘
a v n e e s , ,

1
T hi s is a no th c m m ti tl f V i h i
er o on e o s ru ,
i m plyi g n su p re m e ,

b t (U tt m )
es a a ,
S pi it ( P
r h ) m l u ru s a ,
or a e ,
or c ific
sa r e ,
or ,
ac

c d i g t th
or n o e M h abha M k h Dh m .
,
o s a ar a ,
wh t a e ver s en s e Pu
h m y b
ru s a a e ar

“ T1 W eW
{ar fi fdat t 1
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‘
m afi m W
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e
P a ra m arth a tah
(n w zifl ) ,
‘
by or th ro u
g h th e r ea l bj ct
o e ,

or s e ns e ; th ro u
gh a ct l t th
ua ru .
’

3
Bh an t id ar Sa n a t ab H Tfi fl F
r
(
‘
f l s e a pp ea
a ra n e s c ,
’
in
o pp iti os ct l t th B y th
on to t f i ibl bj ct
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‘
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’

m) ‘
. .

( a d a A t h i x pl i d by D r i y
: m
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‘
iribl ;a s e a ne s
'

a ,
v s e
’

Sw i p i by th t
a rl er a , f T h t i i ibl bj ct t
e n a u re o
’
. a s ,
v s e o e s are n o

wh t t h y
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n e en en e s en e s e are essen

ti l ly
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t t
ru e n a u re l ti t V i h i k wl d g f V i h hi m
,
or re a on o s
'

rl u ,
s no e e o s
'

rl u

“
W ho i s , es s en ti lly
a o ne w h it i t lli g c t n e en e, rans e nd e nc t a nd it
w ho u t
—fi
, ,

m 1 arm e d : 1
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ren a efl a t-

j P f bly
re era :
“
C ci d
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as a m t i l f
a er a o rm

afi a t f r fimW
d : farm
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as r e n a
T he c omm e n a r t y ru ns : Wfifi fi fimW M W fa t fl rfl
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fi fifl
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T he
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In the 1 1 3 5 8 w fi e nd

mina
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W e we {a s a m s ta 1
E s t ee m a are a?
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Purusha , th t a Is to say , sa r c ific e, or wha t eve r el s e 1 5m ean by p uru slza , t
al l th t k no wn f or h ghes (p a r a) , i s a
a ,
i t c ll e d Pur us hottama .

T he word i s a ka rma d har a ya om ou nd , c p not a ta tp um s ha .

 mi u PU RANA
’

1 8 v rs .

l
ma, p rem e l o rd et ern al u nb o rn i m p eri s h abl e nu
su , , , , ,

d ec ayi n g ; o f o n e e s s en c e ; ev er p u re a s free fro m d e fe ct s , .

H e th at B rahm a w a s a ll thi n g s ; c o m p re h en d in g i n
, ,

h i s o wn n a t u re th e i n d i s cr et e a n d di s c ret e H e th en .

ex i s t e d i n th e fo rm s o f P u r u s h a a n d o f K al a P u ru sh a .

rit i s th e fi r s t fo rm o f th e s u p rem e ; n e x t p ro c ee d e d
( s pi )
t wo o th e r fo rm s th e di s c re t e a n d i n d i s cr ete ; a n d K al a
‘

—
,

( ti m e
) w a s th e l a s t
*
Th e s e fo u r P ra dh an a
( p ri m a ry .

wfim é fifig
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au ai fi i
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fi i ’
2
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he a bi d e s i n a l l : wh en e h e i s n a m ed c Va su . B e i ng r es pl e nd en t
as th e s u n , he i s c ll
a ed De va : a nd h e wh o i s b t h th
o ese is de
n o m na e d i t Va s u d ev a .
’
S ee a so l b VI . .
,
0 . 5 .

T he c o m m en a o r a r u e s
g tt
,
th t v a a s u d eva mus t be th e B ra h m a

o r su p re m e bi e n
g of th e V ed as b c
,
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F1 3 2 fi h fim m www aa 1

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T ha t Bra hma , i n i ts t t lity
o a ,
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rz z,

b th l d d
o e vo ve l d d l th an u ne v o v e , an a so e as p ct f pi it d th p t
e o s r , an e as ec

of ti m S pi it 0 t wic b
e . i th l d i g
r ,
e- o rn, s e ea n as p ct f th p m B hm
e o e su re e ra a .

Th x t i t w f l d p ct i p k i t
e ne s a o o as e , v a ,
ra r
‘ ’

z, b th l d d
o l d; e vo ve an u ne vo ve

an d ti m i th l t e s e as .

It m th f s ee t th t p
s, k i ti spi it
ere ore ,d ti m i gi t d f m no a ra
‘
r , r ,
an e or na e ro

B hmra b t th t B hm a, ff u it lf d th m d f pp h i
a ra a o e rs se u n er es e o es o a re e ns on .

Th m d
es e c ti l with B hm
o es are oe s s e n a ra a .

T h l t li e f th t x t it d b
as adm itti g f t w i t p t ti
ne o e e c e a o ve n o o n er re a o ns ,

th t h b h which h m iz th d ct i f th w it f th
i p p 2 3—
a as een c os e n ar on es e o r ne o e r er o e

P with th d ct i
u ra n a f hi q t ti e 25 i f
o ; f r ne o s uo a on n .
,
n ra or o n

th t hi w
a ci ti h
s o d bt d ly i f
n e nu n d d a on ere u n o u e s oun e .

P f W il d pt d th f ll wi g
ro e s s o r d i g f th fi t li
s on a f th
o e e o o n rea n o e rs ne o e

i q ti
m
vers es n u es on
K

ii
1
:
T hes e word s h ave the app e ara n e of c bi e ng a g os s ar l i l xp i a e a ns o n o f

an e t y m l gy g i
o o ve n i n the Ma habhara ta , or s ome s m i il w k ar or . T he
 B OO K I .
, C HA P . II . 1 9

or c ru d e m atter) P ur u sh a (spi rit) Vy a kta (v i sibl e

—
, ,

s u b s t an c e) a n d K a l a
( ti m,
e ) t h e w i s e c o n s id e r t o be

th e p u re an d s u p rem e c o n diti o n o f Vi sh n u
2
Th e se .

fo u r fo rm s i n th ei r d u e p r o p o rti o n s are th e cau se s o f

, ,

th e p ro d u cti o n of th e ph en o m en a o f cr e a ti o n p re s er ,

v a ti o n a n d d e s t ru cti o n
,
Vi sh n u b e i n g th u s d i s crete .
,

an d i n di s c re te s u b s t a n c e s pi rit an d ti m e sp o rt s lik e , , ,

ar e p re d ic t a ed of b tho ,
as t
e ern ity ,
om n ip c m ip t c
r e s en e , o n o en e ,

& c ; bu t h e d o es
. no t a d d u e c ’

an
y s r c ipt u ra l t x t with th m
e e na e

Va su d ev a .

7"
Ti m i t lly m t d i th P ”

e s no u s ua e nu e ra e ,
n e u ra n a s , as an

l m t f th fi t c ; b t th P d m P d th Bh ag t
e e en o e rs ause u e a a . an e av a a

a g with th Vi h n i
re e i cl d i g it I t pp
e t h b s u n n u n . a e a rs o av e een

re
g d d art e li d t,
a i dp d tc
an Thear m er a e ,
a s an n e en en au s e . e co

m t t th M k h D h m
en a or o n cit p g f m th V d
e o s a ar a es a a ss a e ro e e as,

wh ich h d t d t ll d t th d i ff t th i f th
e un ers a n s o a u e o e e re n e o r es o e

c f c
au s e o ti re a on :

m : a m enW W I W 1

Ti m i h t t e, n c q c f ct l f w ill l m t y
er e n na ur e , o ns e u en e o a s, se -
,
e e en ar

t m m tt
a o s, d pi it td
a l ly by th A t l g
er , an s r
,
a ss e r e ,
s e v e ra ,
e s ro o e rs ,

th B d d h i t th Mi m am k
e u th J i
s s th L g ici
,
e th sa as , e a nas ,
e o an s ,
e

s a k hy
n d t h V d a ti
as, K pd g w an l f th fi t
e e n ns . ro as a so o ne o e rs

g t d g t i c ti
e n e ra e cc d i g t th O p hic th g y
a en s n re a on ,
a or n o e r eo on .

c om m e n ar t y on the Vi shri u p ur a na has : a

-
fié fi
’

S ta fft -

and fi r m 1 i t a:

M F
R W :

W an
g ;
In the Ma habhara ta Sdnti p a rvan ,
-
, 1 3 1 6 9 , we r ead

F ro m d . S ee the Bi bli otheca Indi ca ,

V ol . VII , p 2 75
. .
 v1 sm~
i u PunAri A
' '

20 -
.

a pl ayful boy a s y ou sh all l earn by li st ening t o hi s ,

1
fro lic s .

Th at chi e f p ri n cipl e (P ra dh ana) which i s th e i i i ,

d i s c re t e c a u s e i s c all e d by th e sa g e s , al s o Prak1 1 t 1
1 s s ubtil e u n ifo rm a n d c o m p reh e n d s w
, ,

at u r e it h at
( n ) .
, ,

i s an d wh at 1 s n o t ( o r b o th c au s e s an d
d urabl e s elf s u st ai n e d illi m it a bl e u n d e cayi n g an d
,
-
, , ,

s t abl e ; d ev o i d o f s o u n d o r t o u ch an d p o ss e s s i n g ,

n e ith er c o l o u r n o r form ; e n d o w e d with th e t h re e q u a

l i ti es ( in e q u ilib ri u m ) ; th e m o th e r o f th e w o rl d ; w ith
2
o u t b e gi nn i n g ; a n d th a t i n t o wh i ch al l th a t i s p ro d u c e d

T he c r ea ti
y c m m ly c n i d d t
on o f th e w or d i s l ve r o on o s e re o

b th L il a (fi a t )
e e p t m m t f th p m bi g , s or or a u se en ,
o e su re e e n .

Th 2
tt ib t f P d ha th chi f ( p i cipl
e a r u es o l m t) ra na , e e r n e or e e en ,

h ere sp cifi d c f m g e lly t th

e ,
c ib d t it by th
on or ,
e n e ra ,
o os e a s r e o e

S mk hy p h il p hy ( s a k h y K a i k a p 1 6 lth g h m
’

a a os o n a r ,
.
,
a ou so e

o f th m i c m p tibl with i t i g i f m fir t c
e a re n o } I a e s or n ro a s a u s es n

t h S ank hy
e th i i c g ity d a, t cc ; f th P d ha
s n o n ru o es no o ur or e re ra na

i i d p d t
s n ed c end i t w ith p i m y pi it T h P
en ,
an o or na e r ar s r . e u r a n as

g i ve i t t h i c
r se i t cy by
o l f b
e t h p h il phic l
n o ns s en ,
a ax use o o oso a

an d p th i tic l x p an i e s Th m t i c g a p i th t i
e re s s o n s . e os n on ru o u s e e s n

our t xt h w e x pl i d w y i th c mm t T h
a re , o ev e r , e a ne a a n e o en . u s,

N i ty ( fi r m) a t l i id t m ‘
if m t li bl
e e rn a t ’
s sa o ean un or no a e o

fi at m
, , ,

i c
n re a s e di m i ti or nu S d on
’
: a a

sa d atm k (W W a
) a
‘
c m p h d i g wh t i d w h t i ,
o re en n a s an a s
‘
h i g th p w f b th c d ff ct
(anq
-
no t m ’
,
e a ns av n e o er o o au s e a n e e
’

airm a fim g )a i p c d i g f m Vi h n d g
,
i i g
as i g i ro ee n ro s u, an as v n or n

to m t i l thi g a er aA ad i ( 3 1W ) with t b g i i g m
‘
n s . n ,
ou e nn n
’
,
ean s

lit l t l ti
T he t i T h t which i th
era l ra ns a on is h s :
“
a s e u n evo v ed c au s e

is e mph tic lly c ll d by th m t m i

a a t g p dl a a e ,
e os e ne n sa es , ra z na , orig i na l

ba se, whi h i btil p kri ti i th t which i t l d

c s su e ra , v z ,
a s e er na , an i
wh ch at

on e c is a nd is no t, or i s mer e p r ocess .

T he S a ns kr it is i n t
no e 2 of h s age ti p . Ic anno tt ra ns a e lt p r a ki i ti
'
.

f ?
22 vra U PU R ANA .

v es e d t i n th e p er i o d su b s e q u en t t o th e l a s t d i s s o l u ti o n

T he p T is w pl c
i di c t
a ed b l t ly ‘ h r

—t l d c
a ss a e e as an n s re e
ge a so u e :

c fi t —wh ich w s b th m t t
'

au s e , d
e ern a ,
an au s e an e ec ,
a o a er

and pi it ( P d h a
s d Pr h ) f m wh ich t hi w l d w
ra na an uru s a ro s or as

I t d f m
,

m d a e .
’ ‘
ch ns ea
‘
th i m c pi
o d ,
su
’
or s
’
,
so e o es r ea

“I t
‘f m
w h ic h ,
Is w g d
ro
( t h e cti d ity B h m a ) a ra o r o a ve e or ra

m d th w l d
a e Th H i V m e s h orth m’
di g x c pt e ar a a as e sa e r ea n e e

m
.
,

i th l t t m wh ich it m k
n e as ;er t h t i acc d i g t th a es a s ,
or n o e

c mm t t
o
‘
th w l d wh ich i I w w m d T h m
en a o r, e or ,
s
’

s ara , as a e .
’
e sa e

auth ity x pl i thi i d i c t c

or e A y kt ka i
a ns t d t s n s re e au s e , v a a ra r a , o eno e

B h m a th c t ; 3 Q f afg m
ra
‘
,
e m re a o r
’

an i d tific ti en y l i f t i cc ta on d p
ve r ibly u nu s u a ,
no na u ra e ,
an o ss

f d d m i pp h i
o un e f wh t i
011 t t d by th Bh i hy P
sa re en s o n o a s s a e e av s a

na u uwm m
‘

f f
‘
Th at l ma it th t wh ich i th
e or S pi it r wh h i s ic e nd o w ed w h a s e

i di
n s re e c t c
& i k w i th w l d B hma h
au s e , c .
,
s no n ,
n e or ,
as ra : e,

b i g i th gg & T h p g i p ci ly th m i
e n n e e
’
,
c . e a ss a e s re se e sa e n

M I
an n , x c pt th t w h .
‘
,Vi ht i t d f Vi ‘
e e a e av e s r1 s a
’
ns e a o

hth
s1 s Th l tt i q ti bl
a
’
. di g d i
e p b bly
a er s a u es o na e r ea n ,
an s, ro a ,

w ro n
g; th f th f m i ‘
d t ch d
e d th wh l
s en s e o e or er s, e a e
’
: an e o e

m e an s y c i t tly ,
‘
mb di dver pi it d t ch d f m tho n s s en ,
e o e s r e a e ro e

i di c t c
n f th w l d i k w
s re e T h P adm
au s e o e or , s no n as e a

P i t th fi t li W3 33 & b t h
. n s er s e rs ne ,
“

,
c .
,
u as :

W fi fim gfi fi i fafi w zl

Vi s ris hta , the

'

on ly read n i g re o g n c iz ed by Ku l l ii ka a nd Med hati thi ,

c mm t t
o e n a o rs on th e Mana va -
dhar ma -
sas tra , m eans , as e a ned by xpl i
th m tp d i t c td '

p ro d u ed c “

dh m —t
e , u a a , or rea e

Th M e t bly d iff
'

a na v a - ar a sa s ra no a ers from the s ankh y a , in th t a

it d t h ld
oes d lity f fi t p i cipl
no o a ua o rs r n es . A nd s till d iff eren t are the
P i which th d li tic p i i pl
u ra n as n e ua s r nc es are u n it ed i n Brahm a , a nd

—
,

as p i ly m k
rev ou sd t l ti re ar e are no ev o u ons th f m b t
ere ro ,
u so m an y
asp ct f m p m d ity S th T
e s o so e su re e e . ee e rans a or s lt fi t t ’

rs no e i n p 1 5,
.

s up ra .
 B OO K r, . C HA P . n . 23

of th e i creati o n Fo r B ra hm an s
u n v e r s e, a n d p ri o r to .
1

l e arn e d i n th e Ve d a s a n d t e a chi n g tr uly th e ir d o c ,

tri ne s ex pl ai n s u ch p a s s a g e s a s th e fo ll o wi n g a s i n
,

t e n d i n g the p ro d u cti o n of th e chi ef p ri n cipl e (Pra

dh an a) Th ere wa s n e ith er d ay n o r n igh t n o r sky
.
“
,

n o r e a rth n o r d ark n e s s n o r light n o r a n o th e r th i n g

, y , ,

s av e o nly O n e u n a pp reh e n s ibl e by i n t ell e ct ,

or Th a t ,

w hich i s B ra h m a a n d P u ms ( s pi rit ) a n d P ra dh an a

‘W h ich c t d bt d ly M h t
rea es , un ou e ,
a a a nd th eth "

o er

i g i g th fi t pith t th f
a ss n n e rs e e s ,
e r e o re , as th Vi h n
e s u d o es , to
‘
P k ti ly T h L i g j l
ra ri on f . e n a
-
a s o r e e rs t he e xp i t re s s o n o Pra k r1 ti
l
a o ne b t m k it c d yc
u a es a se on ar au s e :

m
,
“

swat m W 1
W W M afi a exa
“

m i n e r: 11
‘
An i di c t c
n ic t
s re e cq i t d w ith fi t p i cipl
au s e , wh h ho s e a ua n e rs r n es

c ll P d ha
a d P k ti p c d d f m th t I w
ra na a n ra ri ,
ro ee e ro a s
'

a ra

T hi p g i
s f
a ss a y m y i t c i w hich xp i
e s o ne o v er an ns an e s n e r e ss o n s

a re c mm t o lP onth t m t b b w d f m
o s ev e ra u ra n as ,
a see o e o rr o e ro

o ne th an o f m m c mm er c l d th
,
or
y f ro so e o on s o ur e o er an an o

th m ; p ci lly i thi i t c
e es e th m t x t cc
a i M nI s n s a n e , as e sa e e o ur s n a nu .

Th xp i f th t x t i
e e th b c A ll w p
‘
res s o n o e e s ra er o s u re : as er

va d d ( e c m p h d d ) by th t chi f p i cipl b f ( c
or o re en e a e r n e e ore re- re a

ti ) ft th ( l t) d t cti
on , a er e as e s ru on
’

T he e llip se s ar e fill by th c m m t t
ed u
p Thi h dd e o en a o r . s ,
e a s,

i s t o be -
re
g ar d de t t f thi g t M h ap l y
as th e s a e o n s a a a ra a a or

t t l d i l ti
o a ss o u on ; l i g th f
eav n c d m tt ,
t e re o r e ,
ru e a er ,
n a u re , or

ch ao s c as a oe x i t t l m t w ith th S p m
s en e e Thi which en e u re e . s ,

i c f m bl
s o n or a e t th
o ph il ph ic l d ct i
e i t h w oso a o r ne ,
s no ,
o e v e r,

th t f th P
a o e ur an i g as l n th t f t x t wh ich t t
e n e ra ,
nor a o o ur e , s a es

R ic c t ll f m m h t t i d i i d l xi t c
ead :
“
Wh h re a es a ,
ro a a o n v ua e s en es :

su ch i th c cl i f th ip t
s e on us o n o e s cr u res .

1 P i S cti r orLXX 2 e o n, .
, .

S th d it t i th p c d i g p g ’
ee e e or s no e n e re e n a e .
 ari A
'

24 v rs n ri u Pu n .

a tt er fo rm s wh ich th er th a n
( m ) . T he tw o a re o

( b V I . c t h t
. t , . a ,
a a Pr ak mta o r e e m e n ar l t y d i l ti P ss o u o n, ra

d ha it l f m g i t
na se er es n o th e d e ity .
*
N ith i it pp tly
e er s ,
a a r en ,

th d ct i
e f th V d
o r ne o e e as ,
a lth ou
g h th i l g g ie r m wh t an ua e s so e a

T he m e t re h e re i s o ne c om m o n t o the V e d as , T ri shtu bh ;
bu t , i n th p ct th l g g i t ch ct i tic f th
o e r r es e s ,
e an ua e s no a ra er s o o se

c m p iti
o os T h p p t f th p o ns g i. d d m w h t
e ur or o e a ss a e s r en ere so e a

d oubtf l by i t clu d by th x pl ti f th s mm ose an e e an a on o e oo en

tt
a or Th f m
. i q ai W fi
e l ai 31 31 W or
‘
O
er s:
‘ '
ne

P ad ha i k
r B h m S pi it T
n a w Th ra c mm t t a r : H AT ,
as .
’
e o en a o r

e x pl i P ad h a i k P d ha
a ns r th m w d P d ha ;
n a, ra n a ev a , e sa e or as ra na

b t it i
u d i ti w d
s wh ich m y b
a d
er vatt ib ti ly ve or ,
a e u se a r u ve ,

i m plyi g h i g
‘
n c j i d with P dha av n Th mm ,
or o n o ne ,
ra na
’
. e oo en

tt hw
a or ,
i t p t ito th eve r b t ti ; f h dd ,
n er re s as e su s an ve or e a s :
‘
T h w P d ha
e re d B hmas d S pi it ; th i t i d w
ra t na a n ra a an r s r a as a

th e p i d f d i l ti
er o W W i gm fi f W
o
w
ss o u on
’
:

W m l i H i d tly h w d t d t
'
h ‘
i e ev en ,
o ev e r , u n er s a n s e r co n

j i t xi t c
o n e ly ; f h c ti
s en e a s on e on
‘
S cc d i g t or e on nu es o ,
a or n o

th V d
e t h th w
e as ith th xi t t c
en th e re as ne er e non- e s en au s e nor e

x i t t ff ct a! ”a afi f I W W W“M
,

’
e s en e e : l '
.

T he ev o ul ti y d ct i c mm t t
onar o r ne is n ot the Pau rari i k ; and t he o e n a or

wh o; on thi cc i d
littl m th s pply llip o d d as o n , oes e ore an s u e s es ,
an oes

not c ll p kri tia t M hap l y

ra c xi t t l m t with th ,
a a a ra a a a oe s en e e en e

S p m
u red c e thi g i c t d icti n t th t
a f th
v an e s no n n o n ra o o e eno r o e

P S
uranas . th d it c d t i p 21 d t i p 22 p
ee e e
’

or s s e on no e n .
,
an no e n .
,
su ra .

1 It i th b i d g d c mm t th t i h
s cit d I th c py f it t
e a r e o en a s ere e n e o o o

which I h cc th p g xt ct d b b gi W m
a ve a es s e as s a e e ra e a ov e e ns :

1 m rfi mas: i w
,

W i l T h f ll c mm t h muf fins e u er o en as

T hu s o p e ns X , 1 29 a h mny
S ee Col ebrooke s of the Rig -
ved a ; . .
’

M is cell a neous E ss ays , Vol I , 3 3 ; Mu er s H i s tory of A n ci ent S a ns kri t . . p . ll ’

Li ter a tu r e pp 5 5 9 el seq ; a nd Gol d s tu ck er s Pani ni , H is Pl a ce i n S a ns kr i t

'
.
, .

Li ter a ture, p p 1 44 . et s eq . T he S a ns kr it of t he h m n, y a cc m p i d by
o an e a

t
ne w ra ns a o n, w l ti ill be f ou nd 1 n Orig ina l S a ns kri t T ex t
s, P t IV pp 3
ar .
, .

a nd 4 .
26 V S I H NU PU RANA .

te rm e d el em en tal (Prakri ta) T he d e ity a s Tim e 1 S with

o ut b e gi nn i n g a n d h i s e n d 1 s n o t k n o w n ; a n d from
.

, hi m
th e r ev o l u ti o n s o f c re ati o n c o nti n u an c e a n d di s s o l u , ,
"
ti o n u n i n t erm ittin gly s u ccee d z fo r w h en i n th e l atter , ,

th e e q u ilib ri u m o f th e q u aliti e s (P rad h an a)

“

s easo n ,

ex i st s a n d s pi r it P um s ) i s d et a ch e d fro m m a tt e r
, ( ,

th en th e fo rm o f Vi sh n u which i s Ti m e abi d es Th en .
1

P ra d h ana , wh en u nm o d ifi d e ,
is , acc o r d ng i t th S a khy o e n as

a nd Pa u r ari ik s , no th i ng m o re th an th e th re e q liti ? i q i l i
ua es n e u

bi r o
g o o d ne s s ,
; or fou l n ess ,
a nd d a rk n es s n e u ra t li z i g ch th ; n ea o er

( S ank h a ar k a, y K i p . S o i n t he M ty a s a P

T hi t t i y y m w ith th
s s a e s s l ti f m t i l p
non ou s e n o n- evo u on o a er a ro

d ctu w ith d i
s, l ti ; i mplyi g h w
or p t xi t c ss o u on n ,
o e v er , se a ra e e s en e ,

an d d t c h d f m pi it
e a T h i b i g th c
e it i k d W h t
ro s r . s e n e a s e, s as e ,
a

sh l d t i m tt
ou d S pi i t wh il t
su s a n p t w th ia er a n r s se a ra e ,
or re n e e r

c m bi ti
o nat t c ti ? I t i
on so as w d Ti m o r e n o va e r ea on s a ns ere ,
e,

w h ich i wh yth i g l i t d which t th d f

s e n ev e r n e se s no ,
an , a e en o

a c ti i t l
er a n it M tt ( P dha ) d P h
n erv a d ,
un es a er ra na an uru s a ,
an

W W ? mite n -fl aw t

— i ply t th
: 1
W e here ha v f e a re ere n e , c a pp are n tly ,
to fou r not s m o re e

c onditi f t hi g th l t f whic h
o ns o n s, hy m d lit c c e d as t o ,
sar a a,
“
e es en e e no es

th t t th t p il d i g th i ght f B hma wh ll c c t
e s a e a rev a s ur n e n s o ra , en a o n re e

f m s l d i t th i i gi l l m t T h w d h cc d
are res o v e n o e r or na e e en s e or as o urre

M k nd y —
or .

bf p 1 1 p Al th XLVI 7
'

hy m —
e ore : s ee .
,
su ra .
p s o s ee e ar a e a u r a na , .
, .

T h c mm t t t fi t t k y '

e o e n a or, i h
a ab rs , a es s a r a a . e .
, e sa s , s ar a ra

for th thi d c d iti

e q
r lifi d b
ony t = t on , t l t Alt tiua e an a, an e , a as erna

ve ly h m k t th thi d f th c diti
,
e a es an a d g e th m r o e on o ns , an ov erns e na es

f l l th f iy mah
'

o a by f y mali
ree i th sa ri a F iy m ,
i n e s ens e o n a . or n a a , n

p
l c
a e f my m
o isa cl ific
a ti iam il , t th t
n f th t x t
a as s a on s ar o a o e e ,
s ee

S k an A cha
ara y C m m t y t
r a s h
’
S w td ‘w t o Up i h d Bi bli
e n ar on e e s a ara an s a : o

th eca I di V l VII p p 2 7 5
n ca , d 2 76
o . . . an

1 O d u i g t h s a k
re n er n hy P m k g e h m tn b y a or a ura u na ,
as ere ea n ,

q lity
ua m y t l ti
s ee f P d it N h m i h N i l
rans ak th S a t i on o an e e a a
’
arr a s rns
’

and
R a ti ona l Ref u ta ti on o f the Hi nd u Phi l os op hi ca l S ystems , pp 4 3 . 4 4,
f ot
o -
t
no e , and
‘

pp . 2 1 9 cl seg , oo - no e . f t t .
 B OO K CHAP . 11 .

th e p rem e B rah m a th e s u p rem e s o u l th e s u b s ta n c e

su , ,

o f t he wo rld t h e l o r d o f a l l c r e a t u r e s t h e u n i v e rs a l
, ,

s o ul th e s u p rem e r ul e r H a ri o f h i s o w n w ill h av i n g
, , ,

e n t ere d i n t o m att er a n d spi r it a git at e d th e m u t abl e ,

a n d i m m u t abl e p r i n cipl e s th e s e a s o n o f c r e ati o n b e i n g ,

arr i v e d In th e s am e m an n er a s fra g ran c e a ff e ct s t he

.

m i n d fro m i t s p ro x i m ity m erely a n d n o t fro m a ny ,

i m m e di at e o p e rati o n u p o n m in d it s elf s o the S up rem e ,

i nfl u en c e d th e el em ent s o f cre ati o n Pu ru sh o tta m a .

1

p d c c ti
ro u es C c pti f th i
re a on . on e ons o s k i nd
i d tl y m a r e ev en co

p i d i th O p hic t i d
r se n th cie r r a
,
or e an en t ti f th c p
no on o e oo e ra

ti on f th o ch p i cipl i c ti
re e su r n es ,
n rea on Ph ,
E as an es or ro s ,

wh ic h i th H i d pi i t P h ;
s e n u s r or u ru s a Ch m tt aos P ,
a er or ra

d ha ; na d Ch an Kal ti m ro n o s ,
or a ,
e .

P d ha i tyl d V y y ( m )
ra na s s e a a t t
,
‘ ha ic
wh h m ay be e x
‘ h ich ifi
p e n d e d y j o r Pa ri nam i n Tfi fi (W o w m ay be m o d e d
’ '
'
“
,

a nd P c ll
u r u sh a is a ed
( w
A vy a y a
) i c
ai l , m bl ‘n
o ns u a e
’
,
or

ap a r i
(
ri amW i W
n
) i,
‘
t bl
mmu a eT’
h x p i . e e r es s o n s

ufw
‘h i g ,
t d i t d
av nm ‘ it t
d
e n e re
g c ll n o
’
,
an ,
a a e
’
,
re a

th em d i wh ich d i i
o e i t lli g c m
n g w v ne n e en e ,
en s ,
vo v , as co n

i d by th
c e ve ,
ci t t p t p m tt e an en s ,
o o e ra e u on a er

mpfiv (
pp m/r i a l xoo
’

y ov Eln ora/ t a ,

n a t a i o o ov o a 1 90 m ;
m }

o r as in a m ore fam ili a p ass age r

pi it i t lit t t m q i f p
S r us t
n us a ,
o a ue n u sa er ar u s ,

M gi t t m l m en s t m g a c p mi ta o e ,
e a no se or o re s ce :

o r, p h p it m cl ly pp xim t t th Ph ici
er a s, o re o se a ro a es o e oen a n co s

m g o
y i which
on ,
S pi it mi x i g with i t w p i cipl g i
n a r ,
n s o n r n es , ve s

i t c ti
r se o B c k I 240 A p
re a on . tly x pl i d th
ru er , .
,
. s r es e n e a ne ,
e

m i xt urei t m ch ic l ; it i
s no i fl c ff ct x t d
e an a s an n uen e or e e e er e

u p i t m d i t g t wh ich p d c ff ct ;
on n er e a e p fm d
a en s ro u e e e s as er u es o

no t d li gh t th
e m i d by ct l c t ct b t by th i mp i
e n a ua on a ,
u e re s s o n

Su pply “
al l - p ermean t sa r v ag a .

T
“
P i g
as s n away or
“
p ihb
er s a
” i s mor l
le , e it l era .
28 v rs nri U Punari A
' '

is b o th th e a gitat o r a n d th e th i n g t o be a gitate d ; b e i n g
p re s en t i n the e s s en c e o f m att er b o th w h en it i s c o n ,

th y e m ak e u p ic c mm ic t i t
on th e s en s e o f s m e lli ng , wh h o un a es t o

th m i d
e Th t c f th p m Vi h n i t pi it
n . e e n ra n e o e su re e s u n o s r ,
as

w ll e m tt i l
as i t lli g ibl th th i w l wh t k
a er , s e ss n e e an e V e e se ere a en

of it th i f i
,
f S pi it i d tifi d with t h S p m
as e n us o n o i t r ,
en e e u re e ,
n o

P k ti
ra m tt
rl l Th i th P d m P an
or a er a o n e us n e a a ar a:

m a d am : w t it a ni u m ”
.
,

e m a n ati n : n
g ll
‘
H wh e i c ll d th m l ( S pi it )
o s f P k iti i h
a e m d e a e r o ra r s ere n a e

A hy t ;
c d th t
u a m di i an Vi h i t d i t P k ti
a sa e v ne s ru e n er e n o ra r1 .
’

S o th e E r1 ha n N ara d iy a
w ri t m a ma gw é i
s

‘
T he l o rd of th e c ll d P h p l
wo r d , w h o i s a e u ru s a ,
ro d u ci n
g a
gi
t ti i
a en n P k riti F m th
ra .ti ’
f i fl c
ro e no on o n uen e or ag it ti a on

p d cd
ro u e on m tt r th gh
a w ith S pi it t h
e b
ro u or r ,
e a u se of p e rs o n i
fi ca ti o n l e d t act l
o ic i uad mi x t Th
or v ar ou s a u re . us th e B hag a
t id
va a ,
“

en ti fyi g M aya with P k ti h

n ra r1 ,
as

‘
Th ro u p ti f ti m th Mi gh ty O wh i p
gh t h e o er a ton o e ,
e ne , o s re s e n

t th
o p e i mpl t du re d i M ay a
,
d w d with q liti
an e a se e n en o e ua es ,

as P h which i
uru s w ith h i m l f j B
a ,
5 A d th s on e se .
’ -
. s . . n e

Bh i hav s
y
‘
S m l d m
a : y t h t t
oh p m bi g
e e a rn e en sa ,
a e su re e e n ,

d i t
e s ro u s c t b i g c t i th c m m c m t f th
o re a e e n s ,
re a e s ,
n e o en e en o e

K lp a b dy f l (
a, a i c p l b t c ) ; which l
o o s ou or a n n or o r ea su s an e sou ,

c t d by hi m t i t P k ti ; nd P k ti b i g th by
r ea e
,
e n e rs n o ra r1 a ra r1 ,
e n e re

g it t d c t m y m te i l l m t ’
a a e ,
r e a es an a r a e e en s

U tta ra ka nd a , XXX IV
—V l —h
-
.

1 Bu rnou f o . I, . p . 1 76 as :
“
Lors qu e l ti’
ao en da t mp
e s eu t d éve
l opp é au se ni d e May a l es qu a s , Ad hokchaj a , d ou lit é é d ig e v u e ur , se

m an if t t es a n s o u s l a f o rme d e a ra ha , d os a e n e e P c ép ll s a s em e n e c .
”

Fo r A dhoks haj a , s ee Gol d s tii ck er s S a nskr i t D i cti ona ry,

’
s ub r ace : l
a so

Or ig i na l S a nskri t T ents, P t IV
ar .
, pp . 1 82 and 1 83 .
30 PU R ANA
'

ni U
v rs r .

C hi ef p ri n cipl e th e n i nv e s t s th a t Great p r i n cipl e In ,

t el l e ct ; d
it b e c o m e s th reefold a s a ffe cte d by th e
an ,

q u ality o f g o o d n e s s fo u l n e ss o r d arkn e s s an d i nv es t e d
, , ,

W u} 1
W e h av e , i n th e sa m e P i
a r ar a , as we ll as i n th e Brahm ari da a nd

L i ng a a nu m b er of s y no n ym s fo r th i t
s er m, as

m m m
,

w w z

Th i
t z cc s s an a o u rs i n the f o ur th ch pt a e r of the Vayu p u ra n a
-
. Im
m d i t ly f ll wi g it
e a e o o n are thes e de fi itin ons , wh chi P f ro es s or W il s on has
t ltd
rans a e

E ITfi Tt '

W i s e ri ts W t? u m:
-

Q ua? asffia i : ig wa m ”
fi W .

1 13 m m W W
" s mufu 1 1 1 3 11 "
8m 31 K
ma m a fa 3
 B OO K C H AP . 11 . 31

by th e C hi ef p ri n cipl e(m att er as s ee d is by it s s ki n .

Th y e are a sol e x pl i a n ed ,
th ou
g h y d i ti ctly t
not v er s n ,
o the

f ll wi
o o ng p p t
ur or :
“
M a na s i s t h t which c i d th c
a ons e rs e ouse

fw fi u a natured s tars
'

fa ns 1
’

musi fii fi fa t han 31 3 1 ? t w vi i :
-
a s e
a mfi dmfi i m s
‘

W W W :

m
ai
wa m
“
mgfitfa W
r : r wa m 11
Acc di or ng to Vij nana i
Bh ks hu , at l t
e as the fi t h lf
rs a of the t z
s an a o f

y ym t P f il ll
s no n s, qu o ed by ro es s o r W s on , i s i n the Ma ts ya p u ra n a as we

—
-

as i n t he d a . iti
S ee m y ed on of the S ankhya p ra e a cha na bhashya -

p bli h d
u s e i n the Bi bli otheca Ind i ca 1 17 p . .

T he I/i ng a p u rana , -
Pi r or Se cti on, LXX .
,
1 2 et s eg .
, di ffers from the Vayu
i
i n hav ng br a hma and hi t p i w i t d fb c -
a r a or v s
'

esa
'

ns ea o rahma and c ip ur a .

Its e xpl ti f th t m
an a l p t
o ns o l d i ti e er s a so res e n s evera ev a o ns . For T m
&c i d fi iti
n ef ip n it gion o o ur a , ves

w a r fa wfi mw m tha n
.
,
0 0 R

1
bly t th di g o a no n

mt
or, a ree a
g e r re a :

m M
A

“ : an :
W 1 th n othm g
0

c o rres p o nd e n to th e t zne d xt
h l f f th t wo s an as an a a o e

Vayu , it t h p c th li b gi i g with fi rfl a lfi ‘‘

cti VIII 6 7 —74 w d

as ses at o n e to
’
en e ne e nn n

In the s am e Pi
Fu rari a, r or Se on, , e rea :

fae rie m fi rfa: W : vi s it 316 !

( a rts : af firm: W
’

i t nfi li fi a
‘ '

s it ram : sta r n e w : W i tte r:

3 1m g é : m m i ni ? f ri a r
’

art s
g 11
f ae rf rfal s fi wm g ew t W arm : 1
’ '
o

E dam W I W a ffl e : 11
3 1 mm w n wa s;
3 i 1

m am a 31 6 1 are? arr a n : 11
«i nfi rm afi m fi a fa i i r
‘ ’
fi i fi fe : g m 1 a
32 V IS HrIU
'

PU R AN A .

F ro m th e gre at p ri n cipl e ( M ah at ) I n t ell e ct th re efo ld ,

q u e nce s ct t l l c
of a t d p s i d f o t h i ha ppi r ea u r e s , an r ov es or e r a n es s .

M h t t h G t p i cipl i
a a ,
e t m d f m b ei g th fi t f
r ea r n e ,
s so er e ro n e rs o

th c t d p i cipl
e re a e d f m it r n x t i b i g g t th es ,
an ro s e en s o n e n rea e r an

t h t f th
a o t M ti i th t which d i c i m i t
e re s . d d i ti g i h
a s a s r n a es a n s n u s es

o bj ct p p t y t th i f iti by S l B h ma i m pli
e s re a ra o r o e r ru on ou . ra es

th t wh ich ff ct t h d l p m t d g m t ti
a e e s f c td e eve o en an au en a on o r ea e

thi g n s P i t h t by w h ich th c c
. ur s c f t a cc pi e o n u rre n e o n a ure o u es

an d fill ll b d i s a B d dh i i th t wh ich c m m ic t t
o es . l u s a o un a es o s ou

th k wl d g f g d d il K hy ati i th m
e no e e o f i di oo an ev . s e ea ns o n

v i d l f iti
ua th ru f c lty f d i c i m i ti g bj ct by pp
o n, or e a u o s r na n o e s a ro

p i t d i g ti
r a e es d th li k na Isw i th t wh ich k w
o ns an e e . ar a s a no s

a l l t hi g i f th y w p
n s as t P j a i th t by wh ich t h
e er e res en . ra n s a e

p p ti f thi g
ro er es o k w Chiti i th t by which th
n s a re no n . s a e con

se q c f ct d p ci f k w l d g
u en e s o a s l ct d f th
an s e es o no e e a re s e e e or e

use o f l S m i i ti i th f c lty f c g izi g l l thi g p t,

sou .
'

s e a u o re o n n a n s, as

p t
re s e n t c m,
or S i d i th t i
o w h ich l l t h i g
o e . a nnv
’

s a n a n s are

f d k w d wh ich i f k w i l l thi g
'

ou n or no d n, an d s ou n or no n n a n s: an

Vip i
u ra th t wh ich i f f m th ff ct f c t i ti
s a s r ee ro e e e s o o n ra r e es ,
as

o f k wl d g
no d ig e c d t h li k
e an M h t i l c ll d n o ra n e , an e e . a a s a so a e

Iw
’

s f m i t x ci i g p m cy
a ra ,
ro s l l th i g ; B h a
e er s n su re a o ver a n s va ,

f m i t l m t y xi t c ; E k
ro s e e en a r
‘
th f m i t i gl e s en e a, or e o ne
’
,
ro s s n e

n ess ; P h f m i t bi d i g w ith i th b d y ; d f m i t
u ru s a ,
ro s a n n e o an ,
ro s

bi g g
e n t d it i c ll d S w y mbh
un e n e ra e N w i ,
th i s a e a a u . o ,
n s

‘
wafi nwfi w wfi lfi fi rm t w n
wa é rw fi w g erfi g raw fi n
’

m W
°
31 m {t hy
e W 1“ e
W éméwé m mm w rfi fi mfi
'

a fi
t m th t d d l ci d t d i w m
—
T he er s us en u era e an e u a e v s a ma ha t , p raj nd ,
,

m a mas , bra hm a , Chi ti , sm h

’

ti , khyd ti , s mhmd ,
’

i éwa ra , a nd m a l t e o ng , bl
as th y e here t
s a nd , t o t he Y phil phy
og a os o .

ill bl ify thi t l ti by th igi l

t B hm —which c m b tw
.
T he rea d er w be a t e o v er s ra ns a on e or na

gi b gi i f th l t
—w
ven a t th e e n n ng o e as no e . ra a o es e ee n

{swam a nd bhdva as o ver oo l k d F th f Eke .d k m igur er, or

“
a rea sa a, ea n n

the s am e thi ng ,
“
on e .
 I HN U PU R A NA
'

V S .

btil e) el e m e nt s igi n f th e
d u ce d ; th e ( or a n d o f t h e o su ,

or g a n s o f s e n s e ; i n v e s t e d i n c o n se q u e nc e o f i t s th ree ,

q u aliti es by I nt ell e ct a s I n t ell e ct i s by th e C h i ef p ri n

, ,
?
c ip l e El em e n t ary E g o ti s m th e n b e c o m i n g p r o d u ctiv e , ,

a s t h e r u di m e n t o f s o u n d p r o d u c e d fro m it E th e rf of ,
.

which so u n d i s th e ch ara ct e ri s tic i n v e s ti n g it w ith i t s ,

r u d i m en t o f s o u n d x E th r b e c o m i n g p ro d u cti v e e n
l
‘
e , ,

T he e qi l t
u va en em pl y o ed by M C l b k r . o e ro o e ,
e
go ti m h th
s ,
as e

a d v a n ag e t o f an an a ol g ous e ty m l gy ; A h o o
’

a n rk ara b i g de i d
e n r ve

fro m A h m (fi g) I
a ,
‘’
; as i th H i V ms
n e ar a a :

we fa te a 33 3 1 ? van : w as: W 1
H e ( B rah m a) O B har a t a s a i d
‘
, , ,
I w ill c re a e t c re a u re s t .
’
See a sol
S K ar i k a p 9 1
.
,
. .

T h th2
i ti f A h k aese l d c ib d i th
ree va r e es o a ni
‘
ra a re a s o es r e n e

s a k hy K a i k a p 92
n V i k a ik
a th t which i p d cti
r
,
. . a r a, a s ro u ve , or

c ptibl f p d cti i th m
sus e e th S l t tw i k
o th t ro u on ,
s e sa e as e a a ,
or a

which i c m bi d w ith th p p ty f g d
s o T y ne e ro er o oo ne ss . ai a sa

k a i th t w h ich i d w d w ith T j h t ‘
gy
‘
'

Ah a ni ra s a s en o e e as, ea
’
or e ne r
’
,

i c n q c f i t h i g th p p ty f R j
o nse u en
‘
p i e o s av n e ro er o a as ,
ass o n
’
or
‘
cti ity ; d th thi d k i d Bh utad i
a v
’ ‘
l m t y i th
an e r n , ,
or e e en ar
’
,
s e

T am h th p as ap ty f d k ,
or F m th fi t k i d as e ro er o ar ness . ro e rs n

p c d th
ro ; f m th
ee l t th d i m t l c ci
e s ens es ro e as ,
e ru en a un o ns ous

l m t ; b th k i d w hich
e e en s q lly f t h m l i t bi g
o n s, a re e ua o e s e ve s n er ,
e n

“
A ch ct iz ti ara er a on of d ka s a w ill s erv e to s ho w ho wi na d e qu a ti l y ve

it i p t d by th I di m i it i
s re res e n e id i ‘
e er
’

. n e ns o n ,
s ,
as h b
as ee n s a ,
n

fi it ; i t i t m d p f p t ; d c l
n e s t t
no d t gia e u o ar s an o ou r , as e , m ll
s e ,
an an

bi l i ty d t pp t i t it o S f f t h it c
no p d x tly t ti m
a er a n o . o ar or orres on s e ac o e,

s p c Iwa e, d l It p ci lity c mp d th with c i t

'
s ara ,
an s ou . s s e a , as o a re e re ,
ons s s

i n i t b i g th m t i l c
s e nf d Ex pt f it b i g
e w a er a au s e o s ou n . ce or s e n so , e

m i g ht t k it t b wit h
a c ity R ti l Rcf t ti & p 1 2 0
e o e o ne va u . a ona tt a on, c .
, . .

I Hi d pi i th th i l w y ti lly c l l ‘
d
’
n n u o n on , e e er s a a s es s e n a o ou r es s an

p u re , d ly f m ani pp d t pon h T h ig ro t error s su os e o oss es s ue . e no ra n

it i i d t hi k th bl
s sa f th
,
ky t b th b f l m t f t h
n e u e n es s o e s o e e e ou en o
‘
e er .

Ibi d p 2 7 2 .
, . .

T O th t l ti f thi d b q t p g
n e ra ns a th S i k/y on o s an su se u en as s a e s , s ee e t n a a

s d P f c p 33 f t t
ra , re a e , .
,
oo ~
no e .
 Bo o k C HA P . n . 35

g en d ere d th e ru di m e n t o f t o u ch ; wh en ce o rigin at e d
s t ro n g w i n d th e p r o p e rty o f w hich i s t o u c h ; a n d E th e r
, ,

w ith th e r u d i m en t o f s o u n d e nv el o p e d th e r u d i m en t ,

o f t o u ch Th en w i n d b e c o m i n g p ro d u ctiv e p ro d u c e d
.
, ,

th e ru d i m en t o f fo rm ( c o l o u r) ; wh e n c e lig h t ( o r fi re)
p ro c ee d e d o f which fo rm ( c o l o u r ) i s the attrib u t e ;
, ,

a n d th e r u di m e n t o f t o u ch e n v el o p e d th e w i n d w ith

th e r u d i m e n t o f c o l o u r L ight b e c o m in g p ro d u ctiv e .
,
“

p ro d u ce d th e r u d i m ent o f t a st e ; w h en c e p r o c ee d all
j u ic e s i n w h ich fl a v o u r r e s i d e s ; a n d th e r u d i m en t o f
c o l o u r i n v e s t e d th e j u ic e s with th e ru d im en t o f t a s te .

T h e wa t er s b e c o m i n g p r o d u cti v e e n g e n d ere d th e r u d i
, ,

m en t o f s m ell ; w h en c e a n a gg re g a t e ( e arth) o rigi n a t e s ,

o f w hich s m ell i s t h e p r o p e rty

1
In e a ch s ev era l e l e .

r e n d e re d p
cti by th c p ti f th c d th
ro d u ve e oo era on o e s e on ,
e en e r
ge tic
or acti m d ific ti f A h k a which i th f
ve o a on o ani
'

ra
,
s ,
e r e o re
,
sa id to
b the i gi f b t h
eh t or d th lm t ”
n o o e s en s e s an e e e en s
?

Th cc i i f di m t d l m t
e su ess ve s er e s o ru en s a n e e en s
,
a nd th i e r

p cti ly g d i g th d i m t d l m t x t i
re s e ve en en er n e ru en s a n e e en s ne n o rd er,

occ i m t f th P an s i
ur n ly th m w d
os o e ur a ,
n n ea r e sa e or s . T he
‘
B ihi N a d iy P
an b ra a . o s e rv e s :

a wa i t m ammfi amefivmfa 3
’

1
‘
T h y ( th l e e e em e n s t) in su cc i e s s ve o rd e r a cq i u re th e p p ty ro er of

c lity
ausa o ne to th e o th er .
’
T he o rd e r is a sol th e s a m e ; o r,

A ha fizka m
’

,
“
the c o n ce pti on of I has a p p re o n d era nce e ith er of

s a ttwa , p u re qu e u d e it o r of r a a s ,
j ac ti ity v or o f ta ma s ,
“
t
s a gn a n cy
T he fi rs t p is e c es , as li k wi e se the h rd ,
’

ti bcm p
e o es ro d u c ti v e, whe n itd
as s s e

by the s e co n d . c
S u h i s the g e nu i ne S ét nkh y a d oc r ne ti . In the P ura n as ,

the s e c o nd b i ,
es i
d es s e rv n g a s a n au xili y ar to p ro d u cti on ,
of it l f p
se ro

du c es ; i c th f
s n e ere ro m i
ar s e fi ve “
i t ll t l
n e ec u a or a ns
g a nd fiv e o r ans
g
of a cti on . T hese org a ns , it
w h ma na s , “
th e o rg a n o f i m gi tia na on

d er i ve d , i n t he ifi d u nm o d e S ankh y f a , ro m the fi rs t p s e ci f l
es o
’

a za nrkd r a .

S e e , fo r d d iti l d t il the S dnlrhya sam P fc

'

a ona e a s ,
-
, re a e ,
pp . 30 ct seg .
,

f t oo -
no e t .
36 Vi s nnU PUR ANA .

m ent re s i d es it s p e c u li ar r u d i m ent ; th en c e the p ro p erty

e th er ( Ak a s a ) ,
w i nd o r a i r
( V ay u ) ,
fi re li ght ( T j
or e as
) ,
wa t er a n d

ea rth ; x c pt i p g f th
e e k h Dh m
n one a s sa e o e M hab ha t (M
a ra a o s a ar a,

c . wh it i th w t fi i
ere Th d f
s e er , a er ,
re ,
a r, e or er o

E mp d cl w e th fi o th w t
es i C d w rth I 97
as : e er, re
,
e ar ,
a er, a r . u o ,
.
,
.

Th i tm t ( A i ) f ch l m t by i t w d i m t
e nv e s en v a ra r a o ea e e en s o n ru en ,

an d f ch d i m t by i t p c d i g g
o ea rud dim t l l en s re e n ro s s an ru en a e e

m t i l m t w ith i m t f th chi f P
en s, s a so th v ay e n os o e e u ra n a s , as e u,

P d m Li g
a d B hag
a, t ; d t c f it f d m o g t
n a, an a va a an ra es o a re ou n a n s

th ci t c m g i t ; f A x i m d
e an en pp d th t wh
os
‘
o on s s or na an er s u os e a ,
en

th w ld w
e m d or c t i ph fl mas f fi p td a e, a er a n s e re or a e o re , se a ra e

f m m tt (th I fi it )
ro c mp d th i wh ich i t d
a er e n n e ,
en o asse e a r, nv e s e

th eth th b kd
e ar t K asa n yé w mi e ar o es a re e
’
: ar a y ve o co c

i an o x p t fi nva t w a ax az ov (p l o ydg o cp a t
'

t o ) ? x r oy o v ,
xa t z t o
‘
1 1 ) oi é t ,
pp m
’
t ( v 7 1 / OIL t ? we t z r d érd c l
( my 7t 8
0 p 7 a p pg 7 7 p u ow v
'

p .

E u s e b , Pr , I , 1 5 . S o m e o f th e u r a n a s ,
. . . P as th e t y Vay Ma s a, u
,

L i ng a t ,
B hag
d Ma k i d y dd av a a ,
an r ar e a , a a d c ipties rf on o a

p ticip ti
ar f p p ti m g t th
a on l m o ro er es a on s e e e en s, t which i th s ra er

V d a t th s a khy A cc d i g t th i
e n a an n a . or n o s no ti th
on lm t
,
e e e en s

add t th i ch act i tic p p ti

o th
e r f ar er s ro er es o se o th l m t which
e e e en s

p c d th m Ak h th i gl p p ty f
re e e e . d asa as e s n e ro er o soun : air h as
th f t
ose ch d d
o fi h c l
ou t ch d an sou n : re as o ou r ,
ou ,
an s o u nd :

w t h
a er t t cl t ch d
as das e d th h ,
o o ur ,
ou ,
an s ou n : an e ar as s me ll
an d th t th h i g fi p p ti
e re s ,
th L i us av n ve ro er es : or ,
as e n
g a Pu }
d c ib
es r th i es e s er es :

s m ut u e " ? m am m fi ua 1 s
°
1 urn a m : n a Ta m a} s m an
n
v
o -

6 a d warfi s m a w n? 1
“

fi rm s fia: a { WW W m a 1
‘ H T? W T? Ru f fi a n 1
HW W
‘

m i ni m s ui t ta W m m :

Fo r a lt
re a e d c om m e n t , s ee Gold s tfick er s
’

S a ns kr i t D i cti ona ry ,

W
—
1 55 a nd 1 56 , s u b v oce
pp . .

1 Pi r or S ec ti o n, LX X , 4 3 . 47 .
 .
V S I H NU P U RAN A .

th e p ro p erty of d ark n e s s . T he or gan s o f s e n s e a re

sa d i t o be t h e
p a s s i o n a t e p ro d u ct s o f th e s a m e p ri n
1
c i l e a ffe ct e d by fo u l n e s s ; a n d th e t en d i v i n iti es ro
p , p
oe c d fr o m e g o ti sm a ff e ct e d by th e p ri n cipl e o f g o o d

n e s s ; a s d o e s M i n d which i s th e el ev e n th T he o r g a n s ,
.

o f s e n s e are t e n : o f th e t e n fi v e are th e s ki n e e n o s e
y , , , ,

t o n g u e a n d e ar ; t h e o bj e ct o f wh ic h c o m bi n e d with
, ,

I nt ell e ct i s th e a pp reh en s i o n of s o u n d and t he rest :

,

th e o r g a n s o f ex c r eti o n a n d p ro c rea ti o n t h e h a n d s , ,

th e fee t a n d th e v o ic e fo rm th e o th e r fiv e ; o f w hich
, ,

ex c r e ti o n g en e rati o n m a n ip u l a ti o n m o ti o n a n d
, , , ,

s p e a ki n g ar e t h e s ev era l a ct s .

Th en eth er a ir ligh t w ater an d e arth s ev erally

, , , , , ,

u n it e d w ith th e p r o p e rti e s o f s o u n d a n d th e re s t e x i s t e d ,

as d i sti n g u i sh abl e a c co r d i n g t o th e i r q u aliti e s as ,

s o o thi n g t errific o r s t u p efyi n g ; bu t p o s s e s s i n g v a r i o u s

, , ,

e n e r gi e s a n d b e i n g u n c o n n e ct e d th e y c o u l d n o t w ith o u t , ,

c o m bi n ati o n c re at e li v i n g b e i n g s n o t h av i n g bl en d e d
, ,

w ith e a ch o th e r H a v in g c om bin e d th erefo re with .

, ,

o n e a n o th e r th e y a s s u m e d th r o u gh th e i r m u t u al a s s o
, ,

c i a t i o n th e ch ara ct e r o f o n e m a ss o f e n ti r e u n ity ; a n d
, ,

fro m th e d ir e cti o n o f s pi rit w ith th e a cq u i e s c en c e o f ,

th e i n di s cr et e P r i n cipl e I nt ell e ct a n d th e res t to th e ,

2
,

T he B hagava t a ,
wh ich g i v es a i mil t t m t f th
s ar s a e en o e

or igi n o f the e e m e n s , s e n s es , a n d l t d i i iti

v n p cifi th l t t es , s e es e as o

be D i s ( s pc) a e ,
ai r ,
th e s u n , Pr a che ta s ,
th e A s wi ns
'

,
fi re , I n d ra ,

Up en d ra ,
Mit ra ,
a nd Ka or P j ap ti p
ra a ,
re s idi n
g o ve r the s e n s e s ,

a cc o rd n i g t o th e c o mm e n t ,
o r, s ev era lly ,
o v er th e e ar , s kin ,
e
ye,
t o ng u e ,
n ose ,
S p ee ch ,
ha n d s ,
fee t ,
a nd e xc t y
re o r a nd g en era ti ve

o rg a n s . Bh ag .
,
II .
,
5, 3 1 .

A v y a k t anu g ra h ei i a T he e xp re ss o n i is s ome

thi n
g e q i c l;
u vo a as A vy ak ta m ay h ere a pply ith e er t o th e F i rs t
 B OO K C HA P . n . 39

g ro s s el em e n ts i n cl u s iv e form e d a n egg wh ich gra , ,

1

d u a lly ex p a n d e d lik e a b u bbl e o f w at e r Thi s v a st .

e
gg 0 sag e
, c o m p o u n d e d o f th e e l e m e n t s a n d r e s ti n g
, ,

o n t h e w a t e rs w a s th e e x cel l e n t n at u ra l a b o d e o f Vi s hnu
,

i n th e fo rm o f B r ah m a; a n d th er e Vi sh n u t h e l o rd o f ,

th e u n iv er s e w h o s e e s s en c e i s i n s c r u t abl e a s s u m e d a
, ,

p er c eptibl e fo rm ; a n d ev en he him s elf a bi d e d i n it i n ,

C aus e o r to m a tt
ith c th ti i th m ; d er . In e er as e , e no on s e sa e an

th e
gg g ti
a re f th l m t i th ff ct f th p i d c f
a on o e e e en s s e e e o e re s en e o

S pi it w ith t y cti i t f
r , ou c f th i d i c t p i cipl
an a ve n er e r e n e o e n s re e r n e .

T h A y kt i p
e v i a i th
a s l ti d c m bi
a ss ve ti
,
nf e e vo u on an o na on o

M h ta a d th an t P d ha i e res d bt i t d d ; b t i t
. ra na s ,
no ou ,
n en e u s

i d tific ti w ith t h S p m i l i mpli d T h t m A

en a on e u re e s a so e . e er nu

g h m y l
ra a a f t cl ific ti
a s o r e er f th d f c
o a ti a ss a on o e or er o re a on ,

w h ic h will b g i d tdt e a a n a ve r e o .

I t i i m p i bl s t t f thi
o ss ti t th m i g i
e no o re er s no on o e sa e or n

as th w i d ly d i ff
e d Opi i e f tiq ity f th fi t m i
us e n on o an u ,
o e rs an

f t ti
es a f th w l d i t h f m f
on o e
ggor It m t h n e or o an e .
“
s ee s o av e

b ee n a f it y m b l d y ci t ; d w fi d it d pt d
a vo u r e s o ,
an v er an en an e n a o e

g m y ti s B ry t III 1 65 T c f it cc
a m on
”an na on . an . . ra es o o ur
, ,

a m on
g t t h sS y i P i e d E g ypti
r an s
, ; d b i d
ers an s t h ,
an an s an ,
es es e

O p h ic g g m g t th G
r e ka d t h t d c ib d by A i t
on s e re e s ,
an a es r e r s o

ph a n es , T o w
'

b na
t x r et n m e E ;y
’
l u o ro v
o g i d a i/ lu at -
r e a r on t e
'

o (t y
,

p t f th c m y i th D i y i
ar o e ere d th
on my t i
n e on s a ca a n o er s er e s co n

i t d f th c c ti
s s e o f e
gg ; by w h
o n s e ra ic h cc d i
on g t o an e ,
a or n o

P p hy y w i g ifi d th w l d E pi y é 58 3 i d
or r ,
as s n e e or :
' (
u ve et ( T ) (t y
‘
z ov

a d p a tor W h th thi gg typifi d th

. e k
er By t dF b
s e e e ar ,
as r an an a er

su pp ose i t m t i l t
, s th p f f th tiq ity d w i d
no a er a o e ro o o e an u an e

d i ff i us on f th b li f t h t th w l d
o e i th b g i
e e ,
i g xi t d a e or ,
n e e nn n ,
e s e

in su ch fi g a A i mil cc t f th fi t gg gati f
u re . s ar a o un o e rs a re on o

th l m t i th f m f
e e e en s
ggn i g i e i l l
or th P o an e s ve n n a e u ra n a s ,

w it h th l pith t H i m g ld it cc
‘
e u sua Hi iy
e e a a or ra r a ,
o en
’
,
as o u rs

i M
n I 9
a nu .
, ,
.
40 V IS HNU P U R AN A .

th e ch ara ct er o f B rah m a Its w o m b v a s t a s th e .

1
,

m o u n t a i n M er u wa s c o m p o s e d o f th e m o u n t a i n s ; a n d
96
,

th e m igh ty o c e a n s we re th e w at ers th at fill e d i t s c av ity .

In th at e gg 0 B rahm a n we re th e c o n ti n en t s a n d s ea s
, ,

a n d m o u n t a in s th e pl a n e t s a n d d iv i si o n s o f th e u n i
,

v e r se th e g o d s th e d e m o n s a n d m a n ki n d
, ,
A n d thi s , .
_

e gg w a s e x t e rn ally i n v e s t e d by s ev e n n a t u ra l en v e

l o p es ; o r by wat er a ir fire eth er a n d Ah a mk ara l th e , , , , ,

°'

o rigi n o f th e el e m e n t s e a ch t e n fo l d th e ex t en t o f th a t ,

w hich it i n v e st e d ; n ex t c a m e th e p r in cipl e o f Intell i

g e n c e ; a n d fi n ally th e wh o l e wa s s u rro u n d e d by th e
, ,

i n d i s cret e P ri n cipl e : re sem bli n g th u s th e c o c o a n u t , ,

-
,

fill e d i n t eri o rly w ith p u lp an d ex t er i o rly c o v ere d by ,

h u s k a n d r in d

H er e is tiq ity
an o th er ana og l y t o th e d o ct i f
r ne s o an u re

l ti g t th m d
a n
gg do th e m l b i g
un an e e : an ,
as e fi t i ibl
rs v s e a e e n ,

h ll h ft it d i him l f th t
'

wh w o ,
as e s a f ere a er s e e ,
un e n se e na u re o

e ith b d i th gg d i d f m it ;
e r s ex ,
a o th i fi t
e n e e ,
an ss u e ro so
“
s rs

b f th w l d wh m t h y
o rn o p e t d d tw h p
or d,
o e re re s e n e un er o s a es a n

ch ctara d wh p g f m th m d
e rs ,
an
gg w th o s ra n ro e un a ne e ,
as e

p f m wh m t h m t l
e rs o n ro d imm t l w d i do H e or a s an or a s er e er v e . e

w th
as m Di y wh m th y
e sa ty l d g w i y
e as on su s ,
o e s e ,
fl n o vo v

H ym og m
’
dt r z / o v o v Ba x em v fi d a a
p fi oy fil m “
v x r a x n ) ; ) ; a
g /
r t or

d w ég wt a d l y o g rp o r z ” o r , w h th e o m s s o n o f o n e e h e ,
’
'
it i i pit t
d m e g cog :

T he re ad n i of man y MS S a nd of th e c omm e n a or, tt an d th t which

—
a
g .

s ee m s to cl i m
a th e p f re ere nce , is :

331 m er
-
31 0 332? “ a( i : 1
Meru wa s i ts a m n o n, i a nd the other m ou n ti wa ns ere i ts ch i or o n .

1 :
T he word a lza /hka r a
'

is su ppli ed t o t he i gi l
or na by th te lt ra ns a o r .

T he .
co m m e n a r t y is s il ten .

A new t ra ns a l ti o n of t hi s en ti p
g ra h a nd of the
re a ra p fi t rs s e n e nce t
of th e xt will
ne be s ee n in Or ig i na l S a ns kr i t T ex ts , ar P t IV .
, pp . 34
a nd 35 .
 VI S H NU PU RA NA .

cre at es h im s elf ; a s p re s erv er p re s er v e s hi m s elf ; a s ,

d e s t ro y e r d e s t ro y s hi m self a t th e e n d o f a ll thi n g s
,
.
.

T hi s w o rl d o f e a rth a i r fire w ater e th er th e s en ses

a n d th e m i n d ; a l l th at i s t erm e d s pi rit —th a t a l so i s th e
, , , , , ,
1
;
l o rd o f al l el em en t s th e u n iv ers al fo rm a n d i m p eri s h
2
, ,

a bl e H e n c e h e i s th e c au s e of creati o n p r e s erv a ti o n
.
, ,

a n d d e s t r u cti o n
; a n d th e s u bj e ct o f th e v ici s s it u d e s
i n h eren t i n el em en tary n at ure He i s th e obj e ct an d .

Vi sh nu ; i n th e Sa i v a
i g it i Si ; i P u ra a s n ,
as i n th e L n a ,
s va n

th B h m
e V ira t it i K ri hn T h i d tific ti
a a va r a , f s s a . e en a on o o ne

o f th hyp t e w ith th c mm o s a s es c f th t i d w e o on s our e o e r a as an

i c g ity t k w t th th g i f C ph m g t
n on ru no un no n o o er eo on es : or ne ,
a on s

th E g ypti
e pp th a ns , h d t h
a b i d ti fi d
ea rs , on e one an ,
o av e e en en e

w ith th p m b i g th i d i i ibl
e su re eity ; wh il t
e n th ,
e n v s e un s ,
on e

o th h i c f d d w it h b t h E m p h d Pth th c d
er ,
e s on ou n e o e an a ,
e s e on

an d t hi d p f th t i d f h yp t
r e rs o ns C d w th I 4 1 8
o e r a o o s a s es . u or ,
.
,
. .

e
T h w l d th t i t m d S pi it
x pl i d by th c mm t t
a ne
e

,
H E
or

W {T
m ‘ fg W
He N w
a

oh ich i d d
s er

en a o r ,
e r
— E ,
n ee ,

b th
e a rs pp ll ti S pi it ; c f m bly t th t x t f th
e a e a on r
’
o n or a o e e o e

V d W i t] ? fl at “ thj
e a s,
‘
i i i d d pi it l Thi s u n ve rs e s, n ee ,
s r
’
.
-
s

is ra th V da t th S a k hy
er e d ppn a t d an y th x i t c n a, an a ea rs o en e e s en e

o f m tt a A d it d
er . i d p d t x i t c ; f th
n so o es ,
as a n n e en en e s en e or e

or igi dn d f i fi it
an b t c i th d ity
en o n i l
n e su s an e s e e or u n v e rs a

s pi it b t it d
r : t th
u f i mply tho es x i t c f th
no e r e o re e n on- e s en e o e

w ldor l bt c a s r ea su s an e .

Vi hn i b th Bhii t é ‘
lm t
‘

t) l d f th ’
s u s o e a ,
or o e e e en s

f c t d thi g ( W )
'

or o d Vi w
re a e ip n ts ,
an s a rt a ,

su b t J
s a n ce H i th f ’
‘
, wi h
e ibl thi g
s, b er e o re ,
as on e t s en s e n s ,
su

jc t t hi w c t l
e o s o n o n ro .

R th a er :
“
T ha t ic
wh h i s t e rm ed s pi itr i s the wor d l .

t S ee
T he

i n the m
 B OO K C HA P It . . 43

au th o r of c rea ti o n : he p re s e rv e s d e s t ro y s , an d i s p re
se r ve d . He, Vi sh ri u ,
'

as B ra h m a a n d ,
as a ll o th er be i n g s ,
is i n fi n it e fo rm He i s th e S u p rem e.
,
th e gi v er o f al l
1
g o o d the fo u n t a i n o f all h appi n e s s
,
.

V a re ri y a
(M ) t ,
‘
mos t x c ll t ; b i g th m
e e en
’
e n e sa e ,
ac

c o rd ni g t o th e c mm t t
o e n a o r, w it h p m f licity UW W
su re e e :
Q
‘

He wr it es : B it n au th e n :
te m m §q m
~

1 Va reziya ,
‘
of a fo rm t o be e e l ct ed
’

, on acc ou n t of hi s bi ge n , es s e n ti lly
a ,

su p re m e f licity
e .
 C H AP TER III .

M ea s u re t
of ti m
K a h th a & ; d y e .
d M i gh t ; o m en s or s s ,
c . a an n

f t i gh t m
or n di i y,
Y g on
g th y
M hay g ,
e ar, v ne ea r : u as or a es : a u a

g
or t g d y f B h m a p i d f th M
re a a e: M
a o ra : er o s o e an u s : a an

w t i gh t f B hm a d d t cti f th w l d y
a n a ra : n o ra an es ru on o e or : a ea r

f B h m a hi li f
o ra K lp P a dh : th p t Pad m
s e : a a a : a ar r a: e as or -
a

K lp th pa a: t V a ab e re s e n or r a .

A —
M I T RE Y A HO W ca n c rea ti v e a g e n cy be a ttrib u te d
.

t o th a t B rah m a wh o i s w ith o u t q u aliti e s ill i m it a bl e , ,

p u re ,
fr e e fro m i m p e rfe cti o n ?
an d

PA RA S A RA — T he es se n ti a l p r o p e rti e s o f e x i s t e n t
.

thi n g s are o bj e cts o f O b s erv ati o n o f w hich n o fo re ,

k n o wl e d g e i s atta i n abl e ; a n d cre ati o n a n d h u n d re d s o f

p ro p erti e s b el o n g t o B rah m a a s i n sep ara bl e p art s o f ,

h i s e s s e n c e ; a s h ea t C ch i ef o f s a g e s i s i nh ere n t i n fire
, , .
1

A g cy en p d
de en s u p on th e Rj a o -

gu ri a, th e q lity f f l ua o o u ne s s

or p i ass on ,
w h ich i s an i m p f cti er e on . P f ct b i g i
er e id e n s vo of

a l l q liti
ua th es , a nd is, er e o re , f i t n er :

Om i im p di m t c t n s en er s e vo n a u ra ne es se es

I mm t li mm m p c f t or a aev o su a cu a e ru a u r.

B if i t f
u t, c ti c l d t cc
ner Th bj cti i
o r e v e r, re a on ou no o ur . e o e on s

rath d d th
er eva w d Th
e c ibi g t B hm O f i an a ns er e . e as r n o ra a n

nu m bl d pp ci bl p p ti i pp t d by th m
e ra e an u na re a e ro er es s su or e ,
e co

am m mfi tw mfi fl t t : 1
: s
—
'

aa q
Q FIT a n s atura t e wh en m a n a m:
‘
11
H at- rt a t mt i t s ma she r a shram 1
“

S ee i th t t he p t ci xi t c s e n es a re u nd ers ood only t th rou g h

—which
n o en e s O f al l e
g a

th e l
k no w e d g e o f a th t —i . e.
, Br a hma is by e o nd re as o n ng , i
c tire a o n a nd the ke , li s uch p t ci
o en es of exi t s e nce s ,
a re f ibl
re err e to
Brah m a &c .

P f
ro es s or W il s on p f
re erre d
a a lfi t o a f t {F
‘
IT
46 V S I H NU rU BAnA .

B rah m a i s i d t o be b o rn : a fa m ili ar ph ra s e t o s i g
sa ,

n if hi s m a n ife s t a ti o n ; a n d a s th e p e c u li ar m e a s u r e
y ,

o f h i s p r e s en c e a h u n d r e d o f hi s y e ar s i s s a i d t o c o n
'

s t it u t e h i s life Th a t p eri o d i s al s o call e d P ara an d th e

.
,

T hi s w ill ,
h o w e v er , i n th e m y tici
s sm o f t he B hag a va t a ,
i s p er
s o nifi e d a s M a a: y
GT HT m fl ag : wfifi :
mm m 11 mm fi g : 11
‘
S he ( t h t d i ) w a t h g y f
e s re t h S p m w h
as w e e n er o e u re e ,
o as

c t m pl ti g ( th c t d w l d ) ; d by h wh
on e a n e u n r ea e m i or an ,
er , o s e na e s

May a th l d m d th
,
e i or T hi w hich w
a e t fi t e u n v e rs e .
’
s ,
as ,
a rs , a

m p tic l p
e re oe ific ti f th d i i
a will c m
e rs o n i ch a on o e v ne ,
a e ,
n su

w k or th B h ag
s as t t d t f m l d i i ity c q l
e ava a ,
o eno e a e a e v n ,
oe ua

and c t l w ith th F i t C
o e er n a I t m y b d bt d i f th e rs a us e . a e ou e e

Vd e th iz ch my tifi ti ; d
as a u or e su y d ci d d ti g
a s ca on an n o v er e e v es e

of it cc o i th V i h i P an
u rs n e s ru ur a .

t lt
Bu rnou t rans a es the t z
s an a in th es e wo rd s : “
Au com m e n e m e n c t c et

i é t it Bh g
u n v ers a a ava t l
, a me et le s ou vera n i m it d t t l am a re e o u es es es ;
Bh g t xi t it
a av a e s a se ul s a ns
’

qu a n u n c a tt i b t l m if tat p c q
r u e an es ,
ar e ue

t t d é i é t it ét i
ou s r a e n t e n s o n coeu r .

T h c mm t te o en a or o n t he Bhag a va ta , Sridhara S wami n xpl i th l tt

e a ns e a er

m
,

p t f th t z i
ar o e s an a n th re e wa y s :
‘
aa
“

fir a l fr
fl é FIR :
‘

s a tee n? é m rm m afi m m
’

3 1 21 1 1 1 1 75 1 g e :
gj 1
esrr t fim W W W T Ffi i j z m m env
e
”
m 1 m t mmmu fi «fix gw natwm at
'

narm tate
-

g g a r{1

i m I W I? wf afi mt uw a
’

T W W 1 W W
{fi n W new 3 1 W fafiermmi : 1 a : g s? a nnot a
m
'

: 1 3 11 31 3 1
‘

gfia a
wa d ne ar} e ta 1 1 3 1 1
e 1 1
W E M T 3 3 71 1 1 11 1
3

B/t ag a va ta p ur a na , III , 5 , 2 5
-
‘
. Bu rno u f s t ra ns a l ti on is as f ll
o o ws :
“
Or l é nerg i e d e ce t ét re d o u e d e
’ ’

v ue ,
én erg e i qui es t a la fi o s cc qu i
e xi t s e et ce qu i n ex i s t e
’

p as p [ ou r nos o rg a ne s ] ,
c t
'

es 1a q ui s e
ce

nom m e Ma a, y et c t ’
es p ar e ll ill t
e , u s re
g u err er , i qu e I Etre
’

qui p é né tre
t t ch
o u es os e s cér a ce t i
u n ve rs .
 B OO K C HA P . III .

h alf o f it Pa rar dha I h av e a l re a d y d e cl ar e d t o y o u

,
.
1
,

O s i n l es s B rah m a n th at Ti m e i s a fo rm o f Vi sh n u ,
.

H ea r n o w h o w it i s appli e d to m ea s ure th e d u ra ti o n
, ,

o f B ra h m a a n d o f al l o th e r s e n ti e n t b e i n g s a s we ll a s ,

o f th o s e which ar e u n c o n s ci o u s ; a s th e m o u n t a i n s ,

o c e a n s a n d th e lik e
,
.

0 b e s t o f s a g e s fift ee n t wi n klin g s o f t h e e y e m ak e ,

a K ash th a; th i rty Kash th as , one Kal a; an d th i r ty Ka l as ,

one Mu h li rta .
2
Th i rty Muhurt a s c o n s tit u t e a d ay an d

T hi t m i l ppl i d t d i ff t d till m p
s er s a so a e o a e re n an s o re ro

t ct d p i d S b V I
ra e er o 3 . ee . .
,
0 . .

2
Th l t p p ti ie th b
as l) xp
ro d mt or
g! on s ra er o s cu rc
r
e r es s e :

f fi n fig ffi fi f afi x:
‘a ‘ ‘
Thi ty f th m ( K l a )
é th l r o e a s a re e ru e

for th M h i t e T h c mm t t
u i r a y it m ’
. th t th i ty e o en a o r sa s e a ns a r

K l a m k Gh tik a ( G h i ) ; d tw Gh ti k a M h t
a s a e a a or ar an o a s, a u
'

ii r a :

b t hi
u x pl ti i g t it
s e ana d i t i c w ith m
on s ra u ou s ,
an s a var a n e o re

e xplicit p g l wh ; a ssa i th M t y fw fi hm fi a
es e se ere as n e a s a :
‘

Hfifl g fi l t
‘
A M hu t i t h i ty K l a I t h di i i
u r a s r a s . n es e v s o ns

o f th t w ty f e h t h Ka m
en Ma k i d y M t y V ay
-
our o u rs , e r a, r ar e a, a s a, u,

an d L i g P an nx ctly ga with ur th ity I M

as e a a re e o u r au or . n a nn ,

64 w h th,
m c m p t ti
e av ew ith d i ff c i th
e sa e o u a on, a e re n e n e

fi t ticl i gh t N i m h b i g
rs ar e , e K a h tha T h Bh
ee n es as e n o ne s . e a~

i hy P f ll w M
v s a i th t
. o p ct d g o s i th a nu t ,
n a res e ,
an a re es , n e re s ,

w it h th P d m wh ich h
e a a, as :

1 5 N i m es ba s 1 K as l i tli a .

30 K as h tli as 1 K al a .

30 K la a s 1 K s h a na .

1 2 K sh a ri a s 1 M u hi i r ta .

30 M u h urta s 1 d ay a nd n i gh t .

In th e M bh a t M k h D h
ah a ra a
,
o s a a rm a , it i s sa i d th t th i ty K l a
a r a .
s

a nd o ne - t th
en cc d i g t ,
or , a or n o th e c mm o en a ort t t hi ty K l a ,
r a s

a nd th re e K ash thas , m a ke a M uh arta . A s till g t i ty

re a e r v a r e ,

Su pply “
th e e ar th bl ed .
 ‘

V S I H NU P U RA NA .

n ight o f m o rtal s : thi rty s u ch d a y s m ak e a m o nth d iv i ,

d e d i n t o t w o h alf m enth s : s ix m o nth s fo rm a n A y a n a -

h o wev e r, o cc urs i n th e B hag av a t a *

a nd i n th e B ra h m a V a i va r ta P .

Th es e h ave :

2 Pa ra m a n u s 1 A ri u .

3 Ai r us 1 T r a s ar e r u . i
3 T r a s a re ri u s 1 T r u fi .

1 00 T r u ti s

3 V edhas
3 Lavas 1 N i m e sha .

3 N i m e sha s 1 K sha ii a .

5 Ksha i i a s 1 K és h thé
1 5 K as h tli as

1 M uh li rta .

G or 7 N adi k as tch f th d y i ght 1 Y am a f or wa o e a or n .

A ll i us o nst th i ith f th p c d i g c mp t ti
o s, or e ter o e re e n o u a o ns , or o

an
y t h o h er t b f d i ithav e f th
no th P an een o un n e er o e o er ur as .

Y t th w k
e f G p al
e or B h t t f m wh ich M C l b k
o o a a a ,
ro r . o e ro o e

t t h d i d hi i f m ti
s a es e er ve th bj ct f I d i w i gh t
s n or a on on e su e o n an e s

an d m ( A R
ea s u r e s V l t h S. k h y aP
.
,
i m cit
o t h. e an ar a na , es e

V ab P f
ar a p c li c m p t ti
. or a d q e t th f m
u ar o u a on ,
an u o es a no er ro

th Bhe i hy d i ff
av s t f m th t which cc i th fi t ch pt
a ,
e re n ro a o u rs n e rs a er

o f th t w k t a wh ich w h
or ,
f d T h p i cipl f th
o e a v e r e e rre . e r n e o e

calc l ti d pt d by th t m ic l w k i d i ff t I t i
u a on a o e e a s ro n o a or s s er e n . s
‘

6 pi ti ( P ) 1 V i k l a; 60 V i k l a l D i d ; 60 D i
re s ra o ns ra n a a a s ar a ar

d as 1: i d l d y T h N i m h which i th b
s er e a a . f f e es a ,
s -
e ase o o ne o

th P e ani k m d
aur i t wi k l f th y f m t t ;
o es ,
s a n e o e e e o a an a re s

wh il t th P s m e wh ic h i tha ra
gi f th
an u, th d pp s e o ri n o e o e r, an ,
a a

re n tly m ,m od o rey t m c i d i g th w k i which it

ern ,
s s e o ns er n e or s n

o cc i th tim t k by P m
u rs , s e e m t i th
a b m
en a ara a nu , or o e n e s un ea ,

to p th gh c ic i
a ss rou h tt S m i d ic ti
a re v f th ie n a s u er . o e n a o ns o s

l l ti
ca c u a b i g i on c mm c
'

e n cy cc i th H i d u t a i
n o on u rr e n o ur n e n s n

III , I ] .
, 5 et s eq .

1 T he Bhag a v a ta p -
ura n a has p ra /ea r a , a s y no n ym of y a ma .
50 v rsHNU -
PU RANA .

S e v en R i shi s c erta i n (s e c o n d a ry) d i v i n iti es I n dra

, , ,
*

Man u a n d th e ki n g s h i s so n s ar e c re a t e d a n d p e ri sh ,

app ea r ,
s e e ms to it adm of eas y x ple ana ti on . W e ha ve ,
i n th e
fi t pl c
rs a e ,
a c m p t ti
o u a on of th y
e e a rs o f t he d
g s
o i n the fo ur

ag e s , or

K ri ta Y u
ga
S and h a y
S a n d hy améa

T ta Y
re u
g a

S a nd h a y
S a nd hy amsa

D wap a ra -
Y u
ga

f l '

K li Y
a u ga

S a nd h a y
S a nd hy amsa

I f th i i y
es e d cv ne td i t y e ar s a re o nv e r e n o e a rs of mor tl
a s , by
m ltiplyi g th m by 3 60 ( y
u n f m
e bi g d a e ar o en e n a a
y of th e go d s) ,
w bt i th y
e o a n f whic h th Y g
e f m t l
e a rs o e u as o o r a s a re re s p cti ly
e ve

said t c i to o ns s :

4 8 00 x 3 60
3600 x 3 60
2 400 x 360
1 200 x 3 60

a Ma hayu g a .

t t th
S o ha es e p i
er o d s r e s o ve l th l i t
e m s e ve s n o v er y i mpl l
s e e emen s t
the ti no on of fo u r a
g es i n a de t i ti g
e r o ra n i xp
s e r es e re s s e d by
In th e S ans kr it , Sak ra ,
an e pith t e of I nd ra .
 B OO K C HAP III . . 51

at o n e p eri o d ; an d the i nt erv al c all e d a Man wa ntara 1

, ,

i s e q u a l to sev e n ty o n e ti m e s the n u m b er o f y e ar s c o n -

t a i n e d i n th e fo u r Y u g a s w ith s o m e a d d iti o n al y e ars : ,

d es c ith m tic l p g i
e n d ng a r i 4 3 2 1 ; th c i e a ro re s s o n ,
as , , ,
e o n v e rs o n

o f it i t t h
un d ; s d th m y th l g ic l ficti
n o th t t h
ou san s an e o o a on ,
a ese

w di i
e re y ch c m p d f 360 y
v ne f m
e a rs It d ,
ea o ose o e a rs o en . o es

no t m c y t
see f th i ti t y t m ic l
n e ess ar o r e er e nv e n on o an a s ro n o a

c m p t ti
o t
u a y tt m pt t
onsp t ,
ct l ch
or l gy o an a e o re re s e n a ua ro n o o .

T h d t il f th e cc i g i ch M w t
e a s o es e ,
as o u rr n n ea an a n a ra ,
a re

g i i
ve n th t h i d b k n 1 d 2 e r oo 0 an

m m1
. .
,

fi rm W
'

?
e :
‘
O ne a nd s e v en ty e nu m e r a ti o ns of th e fo ur a
g es , w h a s u r u s it pl .
’

A S m il i ar l th P r ea d n i g o cc urs in s eve ra o er u ra n a s ; bu t n o n e o f

t h m t t f w h t th
e pl
s a e o d d iti c i t B t it i i a e s ur u s or a on o ns s s . u s ,
n

f ct th
a mb ,
f y q i d t c cil tw c mp t ti
e nu er o e a rs r e u re o re o n e o o u a o ns

o f th K lp T h m t i m pl
e d p b bly th
a a i gi l l
. e os s e, an ,
ro a ,
e or na ,
ca cu

l ti f K lp i i t b i g 1 000 g t g
a on o a g f tah g d a s s e n re a a es , or a es o e o s :

m g t gm m
m
' '

W fl s é é a

i ffi mt g mfi a m vfi s w
‘
sfi a m ath ( Tram
“

1
Bh av i s hy a P . Th en y ea rs ,
or a d i i v ne ag e ,
x 1 000
y e a rs or a d ay or n i g ht of B ra h m a . Bu t a d ay o f
B r ah m a is a sol
ltipli d by f s e v en ty -
o ne ti m es a
g re a t ag e m u e our

te en : 7l 14 l th th p c d i g x x or es s an e re e n

by 25 9 20 000 ; d it i t m k p f thi d fici cy th t an s o a e u or s e en ,

a a

c tier a n mb f y m t b nu dd d t th c m p t ti by
er o e a rs us e a e o e o u a on

M w t an A cc d i g t th S i y S i d dha t
a n a ra s . cit d by or n o e l r a n a ,
as e

M D i (A R V l
r . av s t hi dd iti c i t f S dhi t
. .
,
o . s a on o ns s s o a an o

each M w t q l t th S ty g
an y ; d
a n a ra , e ua o e a a a e, or e a rs an

o ne i mil S d hi t th c m m c m t f th K lp
s ar an th a e o en e en o ,
e a a:
*
us,

X 14 4 3 1 8 2 72 0 00
43 20 000 000 . T he Pa u rani k s , h o w e ve r , om it th e

S d ry a -
s i d d hanta , I.
, 1 9; p . 1 7 of my ed iti on i n the Bi bli otheca
Ind i ca :
p . 1 0 of the Am ic er an t rans a l ti on , a nd p . 4 of P a nd it Bapii
De va s as tri n s
’
t rans a l ti on.
 S
V I H NU PU RA N A .

thi s d u ra ti o n o f th e Ma n n th e (a tt en d ant) div i

i s th e ,

n it i e s a n d th e r e s t
, whic h i s e q u al t o div i n e ,

y ears o r t o , y e a rs o f m o rta l s i n d ep en d ent ,

o f t h e a d d iti o n al p e r i o d F o urte e n tim es thi s p e ri o d .

c o n stit u te s a B rah m a d ay th at i s a d ay o f B rah m a; , ,

’

t h e t erm (B r ah m a) b e i n g th e d eri v a tiv e fo rm A t th e .

*
e n d o f thi s d a a d i s s o l u ti o n o f th e u n i v e r s e o cc ur s
y , ,

wh en all th e th r e e wo rld s e arth a n d th e r e gi o n s o f , ,

s p a c e a re c o n s u m e d w ith fi re T h e d well ers o f M a h a r .

l o k a (th e regi o n i nh abit e d by the s a i nt s wh o s urv i v e

t h e w o rl d ) di s tre s se d by t h e h e a t r ep a i r th e n t o J a n a
, ,

l o k a (th e regi o n o f h oly m en a ft er th ei r d e c ea se) Wh en .

th e th r ee wo rld s a re bu t o n e m ighty o c e a n B rah m a , ,

wh o i s o n e with N aray a n a s a ti at e with th e d e m o liti o n

o f th e u n i v e rs e s l eep s u p o n h i s s e rp en t be d —c o n t em
,

-
,

pl at ed the l o to s b orn by th e a s c etic i nh abit an t s o f

,
-

S and h i of the K lpa a ,

a nd add th e l c mp
wh o e o en s a ti on t o th e

Ma n wa nt ar a s . T he a mo u n t of th i s, in wh l mb o e nu e rs , is
in ea ch Ma n wa n ta ra , or 4 320 000 x 71
x 14
g y m ll i f i ity l eav n i a v er s a n er o r

t oth lt f th c lc l ti
e re s u f K l p by th
o e d g at u a on o a a a a ou san re a

a
g T
es .p i d f t h
o i d fici cy
ro v i d ed y m i or t b s e en ,
n ee ,
v er nu e s u

di i i
v s o ns d mitt d i t th c lc l ti
a re a ; d th c m m t t
e n o e a u a on an e o en a o r

on our t x t y t h t th d d iti l y
e sa s if f g d a 5 1 42 e a o na ear s ,
o o s ,
a re

y 10 m
e a rs ,
th 8 d y 4 w tch 2 M h i t 8 K l a 1 7
on s ,
a s ,
a es ,
u i r as ,
a s ,

t h ; if f m t l y
K a htha
l
l
s 2 N im h s ,
d es as ,
an
, .
o or a s, e a rs ,

6 m th 24 d y 1 2 N ad i 1 2 K l a 25 K a l th
on s ,
a s ,
d 1 0 Ni s ,
a s ,
s i as, an

m h es I w ill b
as . b td th t i t h K lp e w h o th s er v e a ,
n e a a ,
e av e e

re
g l d
u arc d i g i 4 3
es e n 2 w it h cip h n m ltipli d d
s e r es libit m , , ,
e rs u e a u .

For “
the t e rm &c .
,
read
“
At th e e nd of thi s d ay o cc u rs a recoal es cen ce

f
o the u niv er se, c lla ed Brah m a s c ti on ng e n t r ecoa l es cence

men fifi rfi rfi t am was “: 1
Vi d efl nfm , VI , 3 ,
'

. ad ma : l
a s o s ee the Mdrka vi dey a p u m na , XLVL, -
38 .
54 V S I H NU PU RAN A .

B rah m a) t erm e d varah a i s

'

( d ay f th e fir st f t he
'

or o o

se ond c p e r i o d o f B ra h m a s e x i s t e n c e .

h e re d e n o t
y p i d f d t cti
e e v er th i which th
er o o es r u on , or os e n e

S m t wi d
a va r a th d t cti n ,g t or p t S
o er l e s ru ve a en s ,
o era e . e v era

o th c mp t ti
er o f ti m u a f d i d i ff
o ns o t P an ; b t i t e a re ou n n e re n ur as u

w ill b ffici t t
e su tic wh ich cc
en i th H i V ma ;
o no e o ne o u rs n e ar a a

as it i p c li s d b c
e u it i t q it c ctly g i i
ar ,
an e au se s no u e o rre ve n n

M L gl i t l ti
. an o s s I t i th c lc l ti
’
ra ns a f th M a
on . s e a u a on o e na v a

ti m e, ti m f M
or e o a a nu

1 0 di i y d y
v ne d i gh t f M
e ars a a an n o a ann .

1 0 Ma d y hi f t i g h t
n av a a s s or n .

1 0 Ma f t i g ht h i m t h n av a or n s: s on .

1 2 Ma m th hi n av a on s s s eas o n .

6 Ma = hi y
n av a s e a s o n s s e ar .

A cc d i gly th c m m t t
or n ,
y 72000 d i i y
e o m k en a o r
p sa s v ne e a rs a e u

hi ys Th F
ea r .ch t l ti h e Dix
re n é d di x
ra ns a on as :
“
a nn e s es eu

f t
on j d M un ; di
o ur j e d di x f t
a no u P k h d x o urs es eu on nu a c a e

M ”
a no n & Th li i th x p i
c . j d
e e rr o r di ” es n e e re s s o n o u rs es eu x ,

an d i i d tly m i d t c ; f i f t y
s ev en a m k
e re na ve r e n e or ,
en ea rs a e a

d y t
a d y
,
en c c ly m k f t ight
a s ca n s a r e a e a or n .

F ch t
ren rans a l ti o n of the H a ri va nzsa , V ol
'

. I , pp 4 3 . . et s eq .
 C HAP TER IV .

N aray a ri a
’
s a pp e a ra n e c ,
b gi i g
i n th e e nn n of th e K lp a a ,
as th e

V a ra a b or be a r : P rit hi i ( E th) d d
v ar a r es s e s him : he ra s es i th e

wor d l f ro m b en e a th th w t hy m
e a e rs : n ed by S a na n d a n a a n d
the Y gi o ns . T he th fl t
ear th c oa s on e o ea n : i i
d v d e d n o s ev e n i t
z o n es . T he l ower s ph f h i
ere s o t e u n v ers e re s o re d t . C re a ti on

r e n e we d .

M A I T RE YA .
—T
ll m e m ighty s ag e h o w i n th e co m
e , , ,

m en ce m e n t o f th e ( p r e s en t) K alp a N aray a n a wh o i s , ,

n a m e d B rah m a cre at e d al l ex i s te n t thi n g s

—
, .

PA RA In wh at m an n e r th e d i v i n e B rah m a
‘

S A RA .
.

w h o i s o n e with N aray a n a c r e at e d p r o g e n y a n d i s , ,

th e n c e n am e d t he l ord o f p ro g eny (Praj ap ati) th e l ord

od o u s h all h e ar x l
'

g y ,

A t th e c l o se o f th e p a st ( o r P ad m a) K alp a th e div i n e ,

B rahm a en d o we d w ith th e q u ality o f g o o d n es s aw o k e

, ,

fro m h i s n ight o f sl e ep a n d b eh el d th e u n iv ers e v o id , .

H e t h e s u p r em e N ar ay a n a th e i n c o m p r eh en s ibl e t he
, , ,

s ov e re ig n o f a l l c r e at u res i nv e st e d with th e fo rm o f ,

Th i c
s c
r ea ti
y d on P tiis g ( NW
of
);
th e s e o n d a r or er , o r ra s ar a

w t d
a er, a n th th b i g i xi t nc
ev e n d ce ear q tly ,
e n n e s e e, an ,
o ns e u en ,

h i g b
av n p c d d by th c ti f M h t d th l m t
e en re e e e r ea on o a a an e e e en s .

It i l s a so ad i ff t P ti g f m th t d c ib d by M
e re n i
ra sar a ro ~
a es r e anu ,
n

w h ich S w y mbh fi t c a t th w t
a th u th gg rs f re a e s e a er s , en e e : one o

th i mpl e t f m
e s d p h p
s or th f f th
s , an li t i
,
er a s, e re o r e, o ne o e ear es ,
n

wh ich t h t d iti e cc ra on o u rs .

Read “
th t
a Brahm a, who i s na m e d N arayari a
”
:
W m
e ma i
1 R e ad , on the f ith
a of m y MS S . :
“
H ear f rom m e i n wha t m anner
ii
t he d v ne Brahm a, o ne it
w h Narayai i a , a nd th e g od who i s l o rd of the
P g it
ro e n o rs p r ayap a ti - a ti
p c t
rea e d p rogen
y
56 V SH I NU PU R AN A .

B rah m a g ,
b e gi nn i n g
th e t h e c re a t o r o fod wit h o u t ,

a ll thi n g s ; o f wh o m wi th re s p e ct t o h i s n a m e N aray a na , ,

t h e g o d w h o h a s th e fo rm o f B ra h m a th e i m p e ri sh a bl e ,

o rigi n o f t h e w o rl d thi s v ers e i s rep e ate d : T h e ,

“

w a t er s a r e c all e d N ar a b e c a u s e th ey w e r e th e o ff s p ri n g ,

o f N a ra th e s u p r e m e s pi r it) ; a n d a s i n th e m hi s fi rs t
( , , ,

y a na) p ro g r e s s i n th e ch a ra ct e r o f B ra hm a) t o o k
( A (
pl a c e h e i s th en c e n am e d N aray a n a (he wh o s e pl a c e
,
”
o f m o v i n g w a s th e w a t e r s
) H e t h e l o r d i c o n cl u
1
, ,
' ‘

T hi s i s th e we ll -
k n o wn v e rs e o f Ma n u , I .
,
10 , 1 ren d e re d ,
by Si r Wm . J o nes :
“
T he w a t e r s a re c ll
a e d nd r a
’

h , bc e au se th y e

w e re the p ro d u cti on of N ar a ,
or the sp i ri t f god ;
o a nd ,
i c
s n e

th y w hi
e y p
e re l f m t i h t h sc i fi t
m d
rs a a na ,
or a ce o o on, e en e s na e

N a ay n m i g
r a th w t
a
” N w
,
lth gh t h
or ov n on e a ers . o ,
a ou e re ca n

b littl
e d bt th t thi t d iti i i b t c th m
e ou a s ra on s ,
n su s an e ,
e sa e as

th t f G i th l g g f th t l ti i p h p m
a o e ne s s , e an ua e o e ra n s a on s, er a s, o re

sc ipt l t h i q it w
r u ra t d Th w t it i i d i th
an s u e a rra n e .
"

e a ers , s sa n e

t xt f M
e w o th p g y fN a nu wh ic h K l hi k B h tt
, e re e ro en o a ra ,
u a a a

ex pl i P m at m a ns
‘
th p m l ; t h t i th y w th
a ra a n, e su re e sou
’
a s, e ere e

fi t p d cti
rs f g d i
ro c ti u Ay i t d f pl c
ons
‘
o o n re a on . a na ,
ns ea o a e

nan : e mf i nterw a r W W “ : 1
‘
um ufanf a é t m u fi r fi ram a 11 i
“

Bu t p
c o m a re t he Marka ruil e a
y p ur a n a , X V I 1
'
-
L I .
,
.

Pr a bha vap yaya

'

. S ee the ed it or s
’
fi t t rs no e in p . 21 ,
su p r a .

1
:
Su pply “
whe n the wor d had l b eco m e o n e c
o ea n M ia]
mfi
’

e r fi l fia r é flt gfi a u
sm an
HT new as m m: age : 11
I n the l
’
zs /w
’

iu l t li b g i E RR! HQ FIT : I
p ur a na , the
' "

—t k th t z f m th Ma —
as ne e ns :
—
-

T he Ha r i va /hsa I , 36 dl m . a es e s an a ro e na v a za r a

s a s tr a wit h t lt ti C mp th M habha t V p
ou a e ra on o a re e a ra a a na - a r va n ,

d th Sa ti —
, .
,

1 2 95 2 an d 1 58 1 9 p 1 31 68 Al
; G ld t k
an e n a rva n , . so s ee o s uc er s
'

S a ns kr i t D i cti ona ry , s u b v oce a m

It i s by d e on d ou bt t h t a the v e rs e s
qu o ed t a b o ve p lt a er it
w h the
e ty m l gy f th
o o o e word m m . 0 11 the ta d d hzta
'

a ffix EH“
“

,
wh chi
ca n no tm ea n
“
s on s ee the g a na on Pari i ni , IV
'

, 1 , 99 .
58 VIS HNU PU R AN A .

p u rp o s e ; a n d a s i n p re c e d i n g K alp a s h e h a d
, , , a ss u m e d

th e s h ap e o f a fi s h o r a t o rt o i s e s o i n thi s , , ,
. he to o k

y y
th e s n o n m s f w t i th Ni kt f th V d It m y
o a er n e ru a o e e as . a ,

p h p b i t d d t y th t N a ali Ap lf h th m i g
er a s, e n en e o sa
.

,
a r or a as e ea n n

of b d ily f m
‘
i wh ich pi it i
o h i d d f w hich th
or s
’
,
n s r s ens r ne ,
an o e

w t w it h Vi h n
a e rs e ti g ,
p th m typ ; f th i s u r s n u on e a re a e or e re s

m ch m y tici m i th P
u i wh ich th p
s sg t h cc n e u ra n a s n e a ssa e us o u rs .

E th m h w
ve n i n it i i t d c d i th
e lm
,
by o e v er , s n ro u e n e u su a a nn e r,

d c ibi g th w l d
es r w t l
n d Vi h n e p i g p or as a er a o n e , an s u re os n u on

th d p
e ee

Iz mi r?! Her a fwa s s us t ain?! 1

e
Fr t a s a f w s : m um 11
ers en N e

“ 1 6 6 1 51
saww as? s enti en t
sig n a rmam : a
W Hfi rfi m 11 -

V ay u P .
*
T h e Bh ag ava t a ’

l
'
ha s , ev i d tly tt m pt
en ,
a e ed to e x pl i a n

t he an ci t t x t
en e :

gw sfi fafi fi a m fi e fsfi fifl : 1
3 11 mm s m fa a a fi t en
t ‘
rfi fi :

ma m gm m H fi m
an ai rm an a m new : ga i ns e r:
-

‘W h
en b i i
th e i i th m d b i
em od e d
g ,
o d i n th e e
g n n n , d v d ed
g e un a ne

e
gg d i ,d f th th
an q ii g bi d i g pl c h c t d
ssu e or ,
e n, re u r n an a n -
a e, e re a e

th w t
e th p c t d th p
a e rs : I t h m hi w c etd ure re a e e u re . n e ,
s o n re a e ,

h b d f
e a th d y
o d th c
e c i d th m f
or a ou san e a rs ,
an e n e r e e ve e na e o

Na ay n th w t
r b i g th p d ct f th mb d i d d ity
a a : e a e rs e n e ro u o e e o e e

i. th y w th p d ct f N
e .
,
e Vi hn th fi t m l
er e e ro u o a ra o r s u, as e rs a e

T he s am e p cc i th I g —
as s ag e o p Pi n e
é
/ n a ura n a , r or Se cti on, LXX
—1 5
urs

1 16 an d 1 17 . A d mpn th M habha tco V p are e a ra a , a na - a r va n, 1 58 1 3 .

T hes e v ers es , i a l m t i d tic l h p

n n a f os en a s a e, are o u nd i th n
'

e Vayu
p ur a na . S ee, f th th Li g p
ur er, P i S cti e n a- ur a n a , r or e on, IV , 5 9
. .

1 II , 1 0 , 1 0
. a nd 1 1 .

Bu rno u f y t di i é t
d x p ti l f
ra ns a es :lt “
Puru cha , a an v s en eu ar es
’
oeu

[ d B hma] l q i l
e ra tit c mm c m t é flé hit a f i
,
o rs u
’
e n s or an o en e en , r c se a re u n

li en n i l p fit
o m i t p il c é l xp Il h bit
se ou vo r ; e u r, r a es e au ures . a a s ur

x c éé p l i p d t mill
c es e a u é ; d l a i t q i l q it l
r es ar u , en a n e a n n es e v en u
’
re o e

no m d N a ay n p c q e l xqi t é d P h [ t
r a a , ar e ue es e au u s on n es e u ru c a s en

a pp l é e es
 B OO K C HAP . IV 59

t he fig u re o f a b o a r H av i n g a d o pte d a fo rm c o m p o s e d .

o f th e s a c rific e s o f th e V e d a s fo r th e p re s er v a ti o n o f 1

th e wh o l e earth th e e t e rn al s u p r em e ,
a n d u n i v e rs a l , ,

s o u l th e g re a t p ro g e n it or o f c re a t e d b e i n g s
,
e u l o giz e d ,

by S anak a a nd th e o th e r s a i nt s wh o d well i n th e sph ere

o f h o ly m e n J a n al o k a) ; h e th e s u pp o r t e r o f s pi r it u al
( ,

a n d m a t e r i al b e i n g pl u n g e d i n t o th e o c e a n T h e go d
,
.

d e s s E arth b eh o l d i n g hi m th u s d e s c en d in g t o the s ub
, ,

terren e re gi o n s bo w e d i n d ev o ut a d o ra ti o n and th u s
, ,

gl o rifi e d t he g o d :
Pri thi v i (E arth) — H ail t o th ee w h o art all c reat ures ;
.
,

t o th e e th e h o l d er o f th e m a c e a n d sh ell : el ev a t e m e
,

n o w fro m thi s pl a c e a s th o u h a s t u p ra i s e d m e i n d a y s ,

o f ol d F ro m th ee h av e I p ro c ee d e d ; o f th ee d o I
.

c o n s i s t ; a s d o th e ski e s an d al l o th er ex i sti ng thi n g s .

H ail t o th e e spi rit o f the s up r em e s pi rit ; t o t h ee s o u l

, ,

or V i raJ , an d t
w er e , h er e fo r e , t m d Na er e ra : a nd , f
ro m th i b i
e r e n
g
hi s Ay ana o r S th an a , hi s ‘
bi d i g pl c
a n -
a e
’
c o m es hi s epith t e of

Na ay r a na .

T heV ab f m w ch ar y th v ay P b c
a or it as o s en , sa s e u .
,
e au s e

is an a n i m l d li gh ti g t p t i w t t B t it i d c ib d i
a e n o s or n a er
-
u s es r e ,
n

m any P an ur it i i th Vi h n
as , typ f th it l f
as s n e s u ,
as a e o e r ua o

th e Vd ; e w ash ll h f th
as cc i t m k T h
e s a av e
'

ur er o as o n o re ar . e

l ti f th
e ev a on o th f m b th t h c i th i f m w
e ea r ro e n ea e o ea n , n s or ,
as,

th fe r e o re p b bly t fi t
,
roll g ic l pa t ti o f th
a rs an a e or a re r e s en a n o e

e x t ic ti
r a f th w l d f m
on od l g f i iq ity by th
e orit ro a e u e o n u ,
e r es

o f reli g i G l gi t m y p h p
on . p ct i th i gi l d
eo o s s a ,
er a s, su s e ,
n e or na an

un my ti fi d t d iti
s e ll i t
ra
g ol g ic lonf ct , t h an a u s on o a e o a a ,
or e

e xi t c f l c t i m mm li i th
s en e o ly p i d f th
a u s r ne a a a n e ea r er o s o e

ea r th .

S thzrd tma n
'

.
58 V IS HNU D U R AN A .

p u rp o s e ; a n d a s i n p re c e d i n g K alp a s h e ha d
, , , a ss u m e d

th e s h ap e o f a fi s h o r a t o rt o i se s o i n thi s , , ,
. he to o k

y y
th e s n o n m s f w t i th Ni kt f th V d It m y
o a er n e ru a o e e as . a ,

p h p b int d d t y th t N a ali Ap h h th m i g
er a s, e en e o sa
.

,
a r or a as e ean n

of b d ily f m
‘
o i wh ich S pi it i h i d
or d f w hich th
s
’
,
n r s e ns r ne
,
an o e

w t w it h Vi h n
a e rs ti g p th m
,
typ ; f th i s u res n u on e a re a e or e re s

m ch m y tici m i th P
u i wh ich th p
s s g t h cc n e u ra n a s n e a ssa e us o u rs .

E th m h w
ve n l n it i i t d c d i th
e lm
,
byo e v er , s n ro u e
“

n e u su a a nn e r,

d c ibi g th w l d
es r w t n l d Vi h n
e p i g p or as a er a o ne , an s u re os n u on

th d p
e ee :

Emi r
? m af fi a fi Q T W
—
’

1
an a W
“

91 6 ”W : m a re1 1 1
W W W af fir m
W m m : a
W «far? T o 11
V ay u P .
*
T he B h agava t a t ha s -
,
ev i d tly tt m pt
en ,
a e ed to ex pl i a n

t he an ci t t x t
en e

H h f art-min w e? a fi rfifi a u
St e
‘- "
s E

3 11 m ? s a m fa a a t h sm ai w fi r: W
’

y a am fi ra n
g m
‘

ar m
a w vnt rc mfi am e m 111
‘

3 6 11
“
u: 3 1
1 :
‘W h
en b g i i g d i i d d th m d
th e em b dio ed god , i n th e e nn n ,
v e e un ane

e
gg d i
, d f th th
an qii g bi d i g pl c h c t d
ssu e or ,
en, re u r n an a n -
a e, e re a e

th w t
e th p c t d th p
a e rs : I t h m hi w c
e td u re re a e e u re . n e ,
s o n re a e ,

h b d f
e a th o d y d th c
e or ac i d th m f ou san e a rs ,
an e n e r e e ve e na e o

Na ay n th w t
r b i g th p d ct f th mb d i d d ity
a a: e a e rs e n e ro u o e e o e e

i. th y w th p d ct f N
e .
,
e Vi hn ere th fi t m l e ro u o a ra o r s u, as e rs a e

T he s am e p cc i th Li g p
as s ag e o n e n a- u ra na , Pi r or Se cti on, LXX
—
urs

1 16 a nd 1 17 . A d mp nth M hd bhd t co are e a ra a , Va na p a r va n, 1 5 8 1 3 1 5

-
.

T hes e v ers es i ,
a l m t i d tic l h p
n n a os en a s a e, are o u nd n f
he Vayu i t ‘
'

p ur a n a . S ee, f th th Li g p m
ur Pi
er, e
-

n a- u na , r or Se cti on, IV , 5 9
. .

II .
, 1 0, 1 0 and 1 1 .

Bu rnou f y t di i é t
d x p ti l f
ra ns a es : lt “
Puru cha , a an v s en eu ar es
’
oeu

[ d B h m a] l q i l
e ra tit c mm c m t éfié hi t a f i
,
o rs u
’
e n s or au o en e en ,
r c se a re u n

li en n i l p ut
o m i t p il c é l xp Il h bit
se ouvo r ; e u r, r a es e au u res . a a s ur

ces e a ux c éé p l i p d t mill ré ; d 1 a i t q i l q it l
es ar u , en a n e a n n es e v en u
’
re o e

no m d N y e p c q l xqi t é d P h [ t
a ra ai i a
'

,
ar e ue es e au u s on n es e u ru c a s on

a pp l é N ]
e es ara .
60 V S I H NU PU R AN A .

o f so u l; to th e e
di s crete a n d i n d i s c rete m atte r ;
,
wh o a rt

w h o a rt o n e w ith th e e l e m e n t s a n d w ith ti m e Tho u .

a rt th e c re a t o r o f all th i n g s th e i r p re s erv er a n d th ei r , ,

d e s t ro y e r i n th e fo rm s 0 l o r d o f B r ah m a V i sh n u
, , , , ,

a n d R u d ra a t t h e s e a s o n s o f c r e a ti o n
, d ura ti o n a n d , ,

di s s o l u ti o n W h en th o u h a s t d ev o u re d al l thi n g s th o u
.
,

r e o s e s t o n t h e o c e a n th a t s we ep s o v e r th e w o rl d
p ,

m e d it at e d u p o n 0 G o v i n d a by th e wi s e , No o n e ,
.

k n o weth thy tru e n at ure ; a n d th e g o d s a d o re th ee o nly

i n th e fo rm s it h ath pl e a s e d t hee t o a s s u m e T hey wh o .

are d e s i ro u s o f fi n a l lib er a ti o n w o rs hip th e e a s th e

s u p re m e B ra h m a ; l a n d wh o th a t a d or e s n o t V as u d ev a
‘‘

s h a ll o bt a i n e m a n cip a ti o n ? Wh at ev er m ay be a p p re
h e n d e d by th e m i n d wh at e v e r m ay bep erc e iv e d by ,

th e s e n se s wh at ev e r m ay be d i s c e rn e d by th e i nt ell e ct
, ,

a ll i s bu t a fo r m o f th ee I a m o f th e e u ph el d by th ee °
.
,

th o u a rt m y c rea t o r a n d t o th ee I fly f o r re fu g e : h e n c e
, ,

i n t hi s u n i v e r s e Mad h av i ( th e b rid e o f Madhav a o r

,

Vi sh n u) i s m y d e s ig n a ti o n T r i u m ph t o th e e ss en c e .

o f al l wi s d o m t o th e ,
th e i m p eri sh abl e :
t ri u m p h t o th e ete rn al ; t o th e i n di s cret e t o th e e s s en c e ,

o f d i s c re t e th i n g s : t o h i m w h o i s b o th c a u s e a n d e ff e ct ;
1
wh o i s th e u n i v e rs e ; th e s i nl e s s l o rd o f s a crific e ; t ri u m ph .

Th o u a rt s a crifi ce ; th o u art th e o bl ati o n ; §th o u a rt th e

'

Y aj n ap a ti (M a ) ,
‘
th e b t ow
es er o f th e b en e fici l a res u lt s

o f sa c ific
r es .
’

Lit llye ra pl c f th
, in a e o
“
ou re p os es t , &c .
“
the wor d hav l i ng b ee n

co nve r e tdi t c th
n o o n e o ea n, o u re os es t
p :
a?
“

I
1 Re a d W
:
“
hippi g t h o rs n ee , the s upi eme Brahm a , th y e who were
d es i rou s of fi l li b ti h w
na era on z e co m p as s e d it ”

W TW at 3 31 mm g fi fi m a: 1
S t u l a nza r a ,
-
the g ross
“
the o n re e “
c c t .

R th
a e r,
“
f ”
l
the orm u a va s lza t , vas ka tkd ra , .
' '
 B OO K C H AP . Iv . 61

m y s tic omk ara ; th o u a rt th e s a crifici al fi re s ; th o u art

th e V e d a s a n d t he i r d ep en d e n t s ci e n c e s ; th o u art H am
, , ,

t h e o bj e ct o f al l wo r s hip
1
T h e s u n th e st ars th e .
, ,

pl a n et s th e wh o l e w o rl d ; all t h at i s fo rm l e ss o r th a t
, ,

h a s fo rm ; al l th at i s v i s ibl e o r i n v i s ibl e ; all Pu r u sh o t , ,

t am a th a t I h a v e s a i d o r l eft u n s ai d ; al l thi s S u p rem e

, , , ,

th o u a rt H a il t o th ee ag a i n a n d a g ai n ! h a il ! al l h a il !
.
,

PA RA S A RA — T h e a u spici o u s s u pp o rt er o f th e wo rl d
.
,

b e i ng th u s hy m n e d by th e earth em i tt ed a l ow m u r , ‘

m u ri n g s o u n d lik e t h e ch a nti n g o f t h e S el m a V e d a ;
,

a n d th e m ighty b o ar w h o se ey e s w e re lik e th e l o to s
, ,

a n d wh o s e b o d y v a s t a s th e N i l a m o u n t a i n wa s o f t h e
, ,

d ark c o l o u r o f th e l o t o s l e a v e s u plift e d u p o n h i s -
,
2

a m pl e t u s k s t h e e a rth fr o m t h e l o w e s t r e gi o n s As h e .

r e ar e d u h i s h ead t h e w a t e r s s h e d fro m hi s b r o w
p ,

p u rifi e d th e g re at ? s a g e s S an an d a n a an d o th ers re s i , ,

d i n g i n th e s ph ere o f th e s ai n t s Thr o u gh th e i n d en .

t a t i o n s m a d e by h i s h o o fs th e w a t e r s r u s h e d i n t o t h e ,

Y aj na p uru s ha
W ) (W ,
‘th e m a l e o r s ou l of sa crific e
’
;
e x pl i n e d by Y aj n m u ti fo p ific ti
( W ffi)
‘
a a r th e rm o r e rs o n a on

o f s c ific e ;
(m m)
Y aj n a ad hy ‘
a r o
’
r
'

r a ,
he wh o i s t o be
p piti t
ro a ed by it .
’

2
V a r ah a A tava ra . T he d e s c ipti r on of th e fig u re of the b oa r

c
i s m u h m o re p tic l ly d th P ar A i th u ar e a t il d i e n o er u ra n a s . s n e

V ay T h b w t Y j
u :
“
e i b d th
o ar th d Y j
as en o a na s n re a
,
a o u sa n o a na s

hi gh ; f th c l
o f d k cl
e d; d hi
o ou r o w li k th d ; a ar ou an s ro ar as e un er

his b lk w u t m t i ; hi t k w whit h p
as vas as a o un a n s us s e re e ,
s ar ,

an d f f l ; fi fl h d f m h i y li k li gh t i g d h w
e ar u re as e ro s e es e n n ,
an e as

ra di t th
an ; hi
as h ld w e sun d f t d l ge; h s s ou e rs e re r o u n ,
a ,
an ar e

t d l g li k p w f l li ; hi h ch w f t hi l i
s ro e a on e a o er u on s au n es ere a ,
s o ns

Supply f ll bl “
u -
o wn p huta
S
'
.

1 S pply
u il “
s n es s ap a ka l mas ha .
62 V I SHNU PU R ANA .

l o wer wo rl d s w ith a th u n d eri n g n o se i . B efore hi s

b re ath th e pi o u s d en iz en s of J a n al oka were s c att ered ;

w e re s l b d y w m th d b ti f l
end er , a nd hi s Th o as s oo an ea u u .
” e

M t y P d c ib th V ab i th m w d w ith
a s a . es r es e ar a n e sa e or s ,
o ne or

tw o imp t t
un i ti T h B h ag
o r an t l i d l g i th t
va r e es . e a va a
-
n u es n a

a mplific ti w h ich m k
a it
on m c t c m p iti ard s s o re re en o os on ,
an

d c ib
es r th V ah
es i i ng f m th
e ar t il f B hm a t
a as ssu ro e no s r s o ra ,
a

fi t f th i z f t h t h m b
rs o e s e i ch l g
o d p tly
e u ,
or an n on ,
an re s e n

i c i g t th t t
n rea s n f o l ph t Th t w k l
e s a u re b o an e e an . a or a so s u

j i
o ns a l g d f th d th f th d m H i i y i k h fi wh i
e en o e ea o e e on ra r a s a o ,
n

a p c d i g xi t c w
re e n e f Vi hs en e d k p ,
t hi as o ne o s nu s oor ee e rs ,
a s

p l c i V i k nth H i g f d d mi i t
a a e n a u a . p ty f av n r e us e a ss o n o a ar o

M i th y c d him ; d h w i c q c b
un s
,
e u rs e an e as ,
n o nse u en e , o rn as

o ne o f th f D iti Wh
e s on s oth th pp d by th w i gh t
. en e e ar ,
o res s e e e

o f th m e ti k d w i t th w t
o u n a ns , s a n Vi hn w b h l d o n n o e a e rs , s u as e e

i th
n bt
e su g i R a t l
e rr e n e re by H i i y a k h i
o ns th ,
or as a a ,
ra r s a ,
n e

ac t f c o i
y g it ff T
a rrh d m ncl i m d t h o t h . d d fi d e e on a e e e ar ,
an e e

Vi hn t c m b t ; d c fl ict t k pl c i wh ich H i y ak h
s u o o a an a on oo a e, n ra ri
'

s a

w as l i Thi l g d h
s a n . t b m t with i
s e en
y th as no ee n e n an o er

P u ra n a d c t i ly d,
an t cc i th ch i f f th m y
er a n o es no o ur n e e o e ,
an

m th i
o re t x t I th M k h D h m f th M habha
an n our e . n e o s a ar a o e a

t c 35 V i h i d t y th d m i th f m f th V ab ;
ra a , .
,
s ru e s ro s e e o ns , n e or o e ar a

b t u p tic l i d i i d l i p cifi d ;
no ar u ar d n th l ti
v ua s s e e nor o es e e ev a on

o f th t h d p d p t h i d i m fit
e ear e en T h K ali k a U p
u on e r s co ure . e a

p u ra n a h b d l g d f c fl ict b t w Si
as an a sur e en o a on e een va as a

M il 1
:1 m

1 III .
, 1 3 , 1 8 et seq .

Il l 1 8 a nd 1 9 .
64 V S I H NU PU RANA .

m o u n ta i n, p ro piti o u s We a ckn o wl e dg e th ee wh o
*
be .
,

h as t t ra v e rs e d th e wo rl d 0 u ni v ers a l fo rm to be the , ,

b eginn i n g th e c o n ti n u a n c e a n d th e d e stru ct io n o f al l
, ,

thi n g s : th o u a r t the s u p r e m e g o d H a v e pity o n i 1 s .

,

0 l o r d o f c o n s ci o u s a n d u n c o n s ci o u s b e i n g s T he o rb .

o f th e e a rth i s s e en s e a t e d o n th e ti o f thy t u s k s
p as ,

if th o u h a d s t b een s p o rti n g a m i d st a l a k e w h e re th e
l o t o s fl o at s a n d had s t b o rn e a w a y th e l e av e s c ov e re d
,

with s o il T h e sp a c e b e tween h ea v en a n d e a rth i s

.

o cc u pi e d by thy b o d y 0 th o u o f u n e q u all e d gl o ry
, ,

re s pl e n d e n t w ith t h e p o w er o f p e r v a d i n g th e u n i v e r s e
,

0 l o r d f o r th e b e n efit o f all Th o u a rt th e a i m o f al l :
, .

th e re i s n o n e o th er th an th ee s o v ereig n o f th e w o rl d : ,

thi s i s thy m igh t, by wh ich all thi n g s fi x e d o r m ov a bl e , ,

a re p e r v a d e d Thi s fo rm which i s n o w b eh el d i s thy

.
, ,

fo rm a s o n e e ss en ti ally w ith w i s d o m Th o s e who h av e

, .

n o t p ra cti s e d d e v o ti o n c o n c e i v e e rro n e o u s ly o f t he

n a t u re o f the w o rl d T h e ig n o ra n t wh o d o n o t p erc e iv e
.
,

th a t thi s u n i v e rs e i s o f th e n a t u re o f w i s d o m a n d j u d g e ,

o f it a s a n o bj e ct o f p e r c e pti o n o n ly are l o s t i n t he ,

o c e a n o f S pi r it u a l ig n o ra n c e Bu t th ey wh o k no w t r u e .

w i s d o m a n d w h o s e m i n d s a re p u re b eh o l d th i s w h o l e
, ,

wo rld a s o n e with d i v i n e k n o wl e dg e a s o n e w ith th ee , ,

0 g o d Be fav o u rabl e O u n i v ers al s pi rit : ra i s e u p thi s

.
,

e arth f o r t h e h a bita ti o n o f c re a t e d b e i n g s
,
I n s cr utabl e .

d eity w h o s e ey e s are lik e l ot o se s gi v e u s felicity 0

, ,
.

l o rd th o u art e n d o w e d w ith the q u a lity o f g o o d nes s :

, ,

is re p t ea ed i n m os t of th e P u ra a s n ,
i n th e s a m e o r n ea r ly th e

s am e w o rd s .

T he MS S . it i
w h n my reach o m it the word s a ns wer ng i to
“
who art

in s iz e a m ou n ti
a n
 B O OK C HA P . iv 65

i
ra se u
p , G ov i n d a thi s
th f o r the g en era l g o o d
, e ar , .

G rant u s h app i n es s O l ot o s ey ed May thi s thy a ctiv ity ,

-
.
,

i n c reati o n be ben efici al t o th e e arth S al u tati o n t o

, .

th ee G ra n t u s h appi n ess 0 l o to s ey e d
.
,
-
.

PA RA S AR A —T he s u p re m e b e i n g th u s e u l o giz e d u
.

p ,

h ol d i n g th e e arth ra i s e d it q u ickly a n d pl a c e d it o n
, ,

th e s u m m it of th e o c e an wh e re it fl o at s lik e a m igh ty ,

v e s s el a n d , fro m i ts ex p an s iv e su rfa c e d o e s n o t sin k

, ,

b e n eath th e wat ers Th en h av i ng l ev ell e d the ea rth .

, ,

t h e g re a t e t e rn al d eity d iv id e d it i nt o p o rti o n s
‘

by ,

m o u nt a i n s He wh o n ev er w ill s i n v a i n c reat e d by hi s
.
,

i rre s i stibl e p o wer th o se m o u ntai n s a g a i n u p o n the earth

, ,

which h a d b e e n c o n s u m e d a t th e d e st ru cti o n of th e
wo rld H av i n g th en div id e d th e earth i n t o s ev en g reat
.

p o rti on s o r c o nti n ent s a s it was b efore h e c o n stru ct e d , , ,

i n lik e m an n er th e fo u r l o w er ) sph ere s e a rth sk

( , y , , ,

h eav en a n d the s ph ere o f th e sa g es (Maha rl o k a) Th u s

, .

H ari th e f o ur fa c e d go d i n v e st ed with th e q u ality o f

,
-
,

a cti v ity a n d t a ki n g t h e fo rm o f B ra h m a a cc o m pli s h e d

, ,

th e cre ati o n Bu t h e B rah m a i s o n ly th e i n s t rum en t al

( .
)
c au se o f thin g s t o be creat e d ; th e th i n g s th at are c ap abl e
o f bei n g c r e a t e d a ri s e fr o m n at u re a s a c o m m o n m at er i a l

c a u s e With ex c epti o n o f o n e i n strum ent al c a u se al o n e

.
,

th e re i s n o n e ed of any o th er c au s e ; f o r (im p erc eptibl e)

s u b st an c e b e c o m e s p er c eptibl e Su b s t an c e a cc or d i n g t o
‘
th e powers with which it i s o rigi n ally i m b u e d l .
-'

1
T hi s s e e ms e q i l t
u va en to th e an ci e t
n no ti o n of a pl tic as

A l g p ti ar e or on of the p res en t ch pt a er, d own to thi p i t

s o n , has b e en

t l t d wi
rans a e ane n Or ig ina l S a ns kr it T ex ts , P at IV
r .
, pp 32 . and 33 .
 m m PU R ANA
'

66 v rs .

n a ure ;t p t f m tt b i g pp d bl t f m th m
“
al l ar s o a er e n su ose a e o or e

se v es l ti fici lly d m th di c lly

ar a t th g t
an t d e o a o e re a e s a va n

t g f th i p
a e o t p cti c p biliti
e r
”
re s e n T hi which C d r es e ve a a es . s ,
u

w th ( III ) c ll hyl z i m i
or 0 . . t i c mp tibl w i t h
a s cti o o s ,
s no n o a e an a ve

c t rea o r : t th t h h l d d ey i &n
no H t hi
a e s ou a ro v e v a rr a , se s

o w h d
n t an y w k ” wh ich A i t tl y w l d
o e ver or , ,
as r s o e sa s ,
ou

b e 1 0 5;
, ( 71
p (9 5
8 71 1
9 b c m i g G d ; b t u i t h 5 , un e o n o u ,
as n e

c as e f B hm a o d th ra b d i t e g t t h t th y h l d
an o er su or na a en s ,
a e s ou

o cc i th as o n i d l pm t f c d
e v a r ou s t t tk ev e o en s o ru e na ure o a e

p l c by pplyi g th t w ill f wh ich t it l f i i c p bl

a e, su n a ,
o na u re se s n a a e .

A cti b i g c i tit t d by i t m t l m d i m
on e n on e ns by u e an n s ru en a e u ,
or

th w il l
e f i t ll ct l g t it i c ti
o an n e d by p w e ua a en ,
s on nu e o e rs ,
or a

v it lity i h t i
a t n th m tt
ere n f c ti it l f T h
n n a u re or e a er o re a on se . e

e ffici cy f ch b d i t c
en o su w d c t d by P l t
su or na e au s e s as a vo a e a o,

A i t tlr s o d th ; d th Opi i
e, an f Z
o t t d by
e rs an e n on o e no , as s a e

L ti m i ght b t k f
aer ne , t l ti f m ch p g e a en or a ra n s a on o so e su ass a e
"
as th t i at xt E n ou r d é 90 5 9 f é g § é fig wm wé n
e :
“
ou
'
1 0 1 s
’ ’

z e
’
a t x v

d o hoyo vg , 1 71 0 1 8 1 0 17 0 0? a s x a i o vvéxov o a
'

x a r z 0 71 8 1 1 01 1 1 11
0 1

dQl G/l éV O l Q v z a d oi o a ci g
’
hz fig 5
’ ’

7 61 sf a sr ( 950 1 1 1 0 1
9 11 01 1 z
,
o w p o

oi cov
'
N t i h bit m d f m it l f cc d i g
51 71 8 11 29
9 711 . a ure s a a ov e ro se ,
a or n

to m i l p i cipl ; p f cti g
H se d c t i i g th
na r n l es er e n an on a n n os e s ev e ra

thi g which i d t m i t ti m
n s p d c d f m it d cti g
n e er na e es a re ro u e ro ,
an a n

bly t t h t f m w h ich it w c t d ” I t l l S y t m n e s e
a g ree a o a ro as s e re e . .
,

I 328
.
, S t h c mm t t. ill t to t x t by b i g
e o en a o r u s ra e s our e ,
o s er v n

t h t th c
a f th b dd i g f ic i i i t
e au s e o w d d it e u n o r e s n s o n s ee ,
an s

d l p m t i f m it l f th gh i t g wth t k pl c ly
ev e o en s ro se ,
ou s ro a es a e on
“

WW ma fs rfa m 3
‘ “

fi
’

? 1
W anfi fi s m m a g m
“

n
T hes eth b c ra t il c t m
er o s u re vers es l en d th m l
e s e ves , w hou it v o e n e, o so e

ch i t p t ti n ly th i d l c
i

su t h f l l wi g
n er re a H i o as f e o o n :
“
e s on e ea au s e o

th p t e i t b c
o enc es t d i th w k f c ti ; d f m hi m
o e rea e n e or o rea on an ro

p c d th p t ci t b c t d ft th y h b c m th
ro ee e o en es l o e rea e ,
a er e av e e o e e re a

c id l th i th t which th
f d W thi t f c tic th gh i t p t cy—
S
aus e. th t ave a one ea cau s e , ere s no o er o e

—
w ld or b ca n e re erre i . or es o as e s, rou s o en . e .
,

th g h th
r ou
p t y f th t e y c t d t hi g c m
o enc by i t p p
o a ca us e ever rea e n o es s ro er

t
na u re .

I th V d a t d N y ay tt i th ffici t c c t td ' '

n e e n a an a, n 1 1 1 1 1 a s e e en aus e, as on ras e

with p ad a ath mat i l c I th S a khy

na , e p d ha i mpli er a aus e . n e n a, ra na es
 C HAP TER V .

Vi sh nu as B ra l ch ct i tic f
h ma c re a es t th e w or d l . G e n e ra ar a er s s o

c tire a B hm a m d it t
on a d gi
. i g i t i mm bl
ra e a es ,
n ve s o r n o
,
o va e

th i g im l g d m
n s , S p cific c
an ti f i
a s, ki d o s ,
en . e re a on o n ne n s :

M h t T mat A i d i y i i m t bj ct
a a ,
an im l g d ra
,
n r a, n an a e o e s, an a s, o s,

m A g h
en , d K ma M p tic l cc t f
nu ra a ,
an au ra . o re ar u ar a oun o

c tir ea O i gi onf d i ff t d . f b i g f m B hm
r n o er e n or er s o e n s ro ra a 5

b d y d d i ff t c d iti ; d f th V d f m hi
o un er e re n on ons an o e e as ro s

m th A ll th i g c t d g i
ou s . th y x i t d i f m n s re a e a a n as e e s e n a or er

MA I T RE YA .
—
N w o un o f ld to m e , B rah m an ,
how thi s
d eity c reat e d th e g o d s s a g e s p r o g en it o rs d em o n s , , , ,

m e n a n i m al s t ree s a n d th e r e s t th a t abid e o n e arth

, , , ,

i n h e av en or i n th e w at er s ; h o w B rah m a a t c re a ti o n
, , ,

m a d e th e world with th e q u aliti es t h e ch ara ct eri s tic s , , ,

a n d th e fo rm s o f thi n g s

PA RA S A RA —
.

I w ill ex pl a i n t o yo u M a itr ey a : li s te n
.
,

a tt e n tiv e ly h o w thi s d e ity th e l o r d o f a l l

,
c re at e d th e , ,

g o d s an d o th er b e in g s .

T he t erms pl y d h ere
f q liti em o e are or ua es ,
G u r as i ; wh ich ,

as w e ha v e l dy tic d
a re a t ho f g d no e ,
a re se o oo n es s, fo l n e ss
u ,
a nd

d ar k n es s .
*
T h ch ct i tic
e S w bh a a ra er s s or a va s a re th e i nh e r e n t
p p ti
ro er es o f th q liti
e by which th y t
“

ua es , e ac ,
as s oo thi g t ific n ,
er r ,

t p fyi g ;
or s u e n a nd th e fo rm s ,
S wa rap a s , are th e d i ti cti
s f n o ns o

bip d q d p
e ,
ua ru ed , b t bi ru e , r d , fi s h, a nd th e li k e .

S ee P f ro es s or W il s on s
’
no e t in p . 34 , s up ra , a nd the a pp end e d

c omme n t .
 B OO K C HA P . v . 69

W h il s t he ( B rah m a
) f
b eginn i ng o f
o rm e r ly ,
i n th e
th e K alp a s wa s m e dit a ti n g o n c re a ti o n , th er e app e are d
,

a c r e a ti o n b e gi n n i n g w ith ig n o r a n c e a n d c o n s i s ti n g o f ,

d arkn es s Fr o m th a t g reat b ei n g app eare d fiv efol d

.
-

I g n o ran c e c o n s i stin g o f O b sc u rity ill u s i on ex trem e

, , ,

ill u s i o n gl o o m u tter d ark n e s s T h e cre ati o n o f th e

,
.
1

crea t o r th u s pl u n g e d i n ab st ra cti o n wa s th e fiv efo ld

( i m m )
o v a bl e wo rld w ith o u t i n t ell e ct or r efl e cti o n v o id , ,

o f p e r c eptio n o r s en s a ti o n i n c apabl e o f feelin g , an d ,

Or T am as
(m ) M , oha
(fi g ) ,
Mah am oha (W ) :

T ami s r a ( aTfi Ta ) ,
A n d h at ami s r a
(W )et h y ; e are th e

fiv e k i n d s O f Ob s t u cti o n V i p a y ay a r
o s ou s e a ti o n ,
r
(W )
,
f l lib ’
r .

A cc o d i ng t o the sank hy a th e y a e e xpl a i ned t o be 1 T he be

r
, r : .

li ef O f m a t e i a l su b s ta nc e b e i ng th e s a m e w ith S pi it ; 2 N o ti o n
r r .

of p p ty p
ro er i d c or q t tt ch m t t bj ct
os s e s s o n ,
an o nse u en a a en o o e s,

as c hi l d d th li k
r en bi g an w ; 3 A d di cti e t th e, as e n on e s o
’
n . on o e

j ym t f
en o en s o ; 4 I m p ti c w th ; d 5 F
s en s e fp i . a en e or ra an . ear o r

va ti on d th or Th y c ll d i th Pat j l p h il p hy
ea . e are a e ,
n e an a a oso ,

th fi e ffl icti
ve a Kl b t i m il ly xpl i d by
o ns ,
es a
'

u a re s ar e a ne

A idya
v
‘
ig o c ; A mi ta ( W T) ‘
lfi h n ra n e
’
s ,
se s n e ss
’
,

lit lly I m
e ra
‘
; R ag ( m )
-
a l ; D w h (ai l ) h t d ;
‘
nes s
‘
’
a ,
ov e
’
es a ,
a re
’

‘
d f t mp l ff i g s a
'

an d A bh i i n v e sa d r ea o e ora su er n
’
. n

k hy K a i k a pp 1 48 1 50 T hi c
a r
,
ti by B hm a i th Va ab
.
-
. s re a on ra n e r a

K lp b g i i th m w y d i th m w d i m t
a a e ns n e sa e a ,
an n e sa e or s ,
n os

o f th e P T h B h ag
u ra n as . t l th d f th e av a a
-
r e v er s e s e or er o es e

fi vep d ct d g i th m A dh tami T ami M h am h

ro u s , an ves e ,
n a sr a , s ra , a o a,

Mh o a, d T m an ; i ti b i ly m i mm th d ic l th
a as a va r a on o v ou s o re e o a an

th e u su a l d i g f th t x t d d pt d
re a n d bt 1 m ly f
o e e ,
an a o e ,
no ou ,
er e or

th e sa k f gi i g th p
e o
g i f i gi lity
v n e a s sa e an a r o or na .

C mp
o are Or ig i na l S a nskri t T ex ts, P tI ar .
, p 20 . .

1 III 1 2 .
, , 2 . In the s am e P an III
ur a, .
, 20 , 1 8 ,
we have tamisr a
'

amzsr a , ta ma s, moha , ma ha ta ma s
’

a ndha t and
'

.
70 S
V I H NU PU BANA .

l ee
d e stit u t e o f m o ti o n S in c e i m m o v a bl e th i n g s w ere .

fi rst cre at e d thi s i s c all e d th e fi rst cre ati o n s ? B rah m a

, ,

T hi s is not t y c ti t o be l c f o n oun d e d w h it l
e em e n a r r ea on ,
a

th gh th d c ipti w l d y w ll pply t th t f c d
ou e es r on ou v er e a o
’

a o ru e

t
n a ur e o rP dh a ; b t will b ra p tly w h h
na u ,
as e s een r e s en
,
e av e ere

t d w ith fi
o o l p d cti th f m ina wh ich th p roi ly u ons , or e or s n e r ev o u s

c t d l m t d f c lti
re a e e e m en sl p f ctly gg an a u es are or e or es s er e a re

g t d T h fi t cl
a e . f th f m i h
e i d t b i mm bl
rs ass o es e or s s er e s a o e ova e

t hi g ; th t i th m i l d g t bl k i gd m f th li d
n s a s, e n er a an ve e a e n o s: or e so

ea r th with i t m t i
,
d i d s w l dy p
ou n a ns , an r v ers , an s ea s , a s a r ea re

p d f th i c pti
a re orTh ‘
fi f l d i mm bl c ti i
e r re e on . e ve o
’
o va e re a on s,

i d d cc d i g t th c mm t
n ee ,
a t ict d t g t bl fi
or n o e o en ,
res r e o ve e a es ,
ve

or d f wh ic h
e rs m o td 1 t ; 2 h b ; 3 cli m b
are e nu e ra e ,
or : . r ees . s ru s .

i g pl
n t ; 4 c pe ; d 5 g
an s i . re e rs an . ra s s e s

w wi rw fi mW
m ara n : uvri
‘
’ ’

tri 1
a terfi s am a fi m w m : 11
Of hi m m ed it ati ng w s fi fol d c ti n —
—with t
v ia f thi ng
a a ve rea o , o s ou

re fl cti e d i d f cl
on , i ll m tt
ev o xt l d i t l d ll
o earn ess n a a ers e erna an n erna ,
u

of t na u re , ti lly i mm bl e s sen a o va e .

A th no d i g f th er reac d li gi Hfm i fl m fl I am
n o e s e on ne v es
'

fimm b i g t k i c xi with afg q th m i g i “ '

e n a en n onne on ,
e ea n n s,

th en :d i d f fl cti
“
evo xt l bj t
o d w d wit h i w d m i
re e on on e erna o ec s , en o e n ar an

T hi i cc di g t th c mm t y which i t p t th -

f t ti
es a ons . s s a or n o e o e n ar ,
n er re s e

i w d m if t ti
n ar b i g c g iti chi fly f
an es a ons l ki d as e n o n ons e o a s ensu a n .

T h w d a ?“
e ord i th t z q td i y as l us e n e s an a uo e , s ver u nus u a .

m
‘
m 1 6 33 3 1 1 am
-
1 ge n c 1 3
a“ !
I nas m u h as thi n s
g c i mm bl ov a e a re d ig t d es na e as p i m y thi
r ar , s i s cl 1 s
ang ui shed p im as the r ar y c ti rea on .

T h c mm t t
e f t
o c d t xt f th xpl ti th t i m
en a or re ers o a sa re e or e e ana on a

m bl thi g
ova t ch ic lly t yl d p i m y m khg
e n s are th g ed n a s e
“
r ar u a, on e rou n

t h t th y w p d c d t
a e ere th c ti f th g d
ro u e a e rea on o e o s

d th i h a t f a wfifi fa
’

an
H
o ? ers : t

i s: 1
S ee the ed it or s
’
fi t t
rs no e in p 7 5 , infr a
. .

In the word s of t he c om m en ar t y W :
M E Q
“

6 11 7-11 51 {fi t I But the g rammar h l k

ere oo s ver y d ou btf l u .
72 vrsn nu PU RANA .

s a ti o n s , a n d a s s o ci a ti n g w ith ea ch o ther (a cc ord i ng to

th e ir ki n d s) .

B eh oldin g th i s creati on al s o i m p erfe ct B rah m a a g ai n ,

m e d it a t e d ; an d a thi r d c r e ati o n a pp e are d ab o u n di n g ,

w ith th e q u ali ty of g o o d n e s s t erm e d U rd hwa s r o ta s 1

’

, .

T h e b e i n g s th u s p ro d u c e d i n th e Urd hwa srot a s cre ati o n

were en d o we d with pl ea su r e a n d e nj o y m ent u n en cu m ,

b ere d i nt ernally or ext ern ally a n d l u m i n ou s withi n a n d ,

with o u t 1 T hi s t erm e d th e cre ati o n o f i mm ortal s fi

.
, .

h o rs e , t h e m u l e, th e a ss ,
th e y a k ,
th e Sarabh a , an d th e G au ra

or wh it e d eer . T he c
s e o n d ar e th e cow ,
th e g o a t ,
th e b u ff a l o,

t h e h o g , th e
g y l t h d t h at l p th c m l d
a ,
e bl ck a eer ,
e an e o e ,
e a e ,
an

th S h
e p Th l t
ee th d g
. j ck l w l f ti g
e as t h a re e o ,
a a ,
o ,
er , ca ,
a re ,

p c pi li m k y l p h t t t i liz d d lli g t §
or u ne , on, on e ,
e e an ,
or o se, ar ,
an a a or .

H d hw r
‘
b d S t
a b f ; th ei ih a ov e
’
,
an r o a s, a s e o re r nour s

m t b i g d i d f m th
en e n xt i er vet f m th i t i f ro e e er o r ,
no ro e n er o r ,
o

th b d y ; cc d i g t th c mm t t a fi g uft aw ai a
e o a or n o e o en a o r :

Wfl m w H: t x t f th V d h it as a e o e e as as :

‘T
h g h
rou ti ty d i d f m sa b h
e l d i g m b i ; W
er v e ro ev e n e o n a ro s a
’

t 1 1? 3 11 3 3 1 21 1 “W E
“
E nd owed w h it i nward m an if t ti
es a ons , an d mu t lly i i g
ua n c
noran e a bo ut

thei r kind a nd na tu re .

1 1 1 g mfifaa e an W e 3 1 31 1 1 : 1
W 1 m
gy : I!
T hos e bi e n s
g i n wh ch was i p p d c a re on e ran e of ha p py a nd pl eas u ra bl e

fee li g n s ,
a nd th t a were d ll x t
un u l ly d i t lly
e e rn a an n e rna ,
an d p oss es s e d

ou tw d ar a nd i nward m an if t ti w
es a ll d U dhw
ons , ere c a e r as rot as .

D eva
’

-
s a rg a .

“
lcB a k d eer i s 1 1 1 5 11 1 1 11 , tlp
an e o e r ur u ;
“
liz ard g od /Mi ; a nd

alli g t a or m a ka ra .

HT he god s are c ll d dhw t b c

a e th y bt i th i f d
'

ur a sr o a s , e au s e e o a n e r oo

ext ly t
raneou s o th b d y
e Th t i t
o y th b . i ght f li m t a s o sa , e are s o a en

t d t th m i pl c ti g it f th i ti f cti f m th
y — t V i di k t xt b t —
“
s an s , o e , n f a e o ea n : or ere s sa s a on ro e

m b h ldi g
ere e o n o f mb ai S ros a th o sa s no a a e ,
u s
e
 B OO K CHAP . v . 73

wa s t h e thir d p erfo rm an c e o f B rah m a wh o alth o u gh , ,

well pl e a s e d w ith it s till fo u n d it i n c om p et en t t o fulfil ,

h i s en d C o nti nu i n g th erefo re hi s m e d it ati o n s th ere

.
, , ,

sp ra n g i n c o n s e q u e n c e O f h i s i n fallibl e p u rp o s e y l th e
,
'

cre ati o n t erm ed A r v ak sro ta s fro m i n d i s cr et e n atu re ,

.

1
T h e p ro d u ct s o f thi s are t erm e d A rv ak s ro t a s from ,

th e d o wnwar d c u rr e n t ( o f t h e i r n u t ri m en t ) Th ey .

ab o u n d with th e lig h t o f k n o wl e d g e ; bu t th e q u aliti es

o f d a rk n e s s an d o f fo u l n e s s p r e d o m i n at e H en c e th ey .

a re a fflict e d by ev il a n d a re r ep e a t e d l
y i m p e ll e d t o ,

a cti o n T h ey h av e k n o wl e d g e b o th ex t ern ally an d i n

.

t ern all y a n d ar e t he i n s t ru m e n t s (o f a cc o m pli sh i n g t h e

,

o bj e ct o f c re ati o n t h e lib e rati o n o f s o u l ) i Th ese c re a ,

.

t u re s w ere m anki n d § .

I h av e thu s ex pl ain e d to y o u ex c ell ent M un i s ix , ,

?

(W ) c l
‘
A rv ak ,
‘
d o wnw ar d s ’
,
and S r o ta s (fl ag ) ,
an a
’
.
H
2
T hi s re ck i o n ng is n o t v er y e as ily c cil re on ed it
w h th e c re a

c o mm e n a or tt . T he qu o
pp t t ti f
a on rom the Vd e a, wh h he ic add s , in su or

=1 e 3 28 11 w fa mfi l fiza fi u 1 m a nge
.

o f h isw vi e , is:

‘
gg 5
‘

t w T h
'

g d d t i d d ith “
t d i k H
e i g o s o no ,
n ee , e er e a or r n . av n

l k d p thi mb i th y
oo e u on ti fi d s a ros a, e are s a s e .

Th t l ti i h m wh t c mp d
—
e ra ns a on s ere s o e a o res s e .

1 S tgabhi d hag i
a h pith t f B hma t t hi will n ,
”
ere an e e o ra , rue o s .

T h c mm t t xpl i it by ty
en a or e l lp a ns sa a san
'

e o -
a a .

T h w rd i eb ck t ppli d by th t l t T h m
o s n ra e s are su e e ra n s a or . e co

m t ten a or y m an : W mfl m fm sa s : All i i m d u s on s a e,

in th i gi l t xt t m
e or xcl i p g ti t g g i c ific
na e ,
o an s
’
e u s ve rero a ve o en a e n sa r e

an d t xpl th t
o e f pi it oreS th d it fi t t i p 71
e n a ure o s r . ee e e or s
’
rs no e n .
,

s up r a .

For a no th er rend er ng i ,
s ee Or ig in a l S a nskr i t T ex ts , P tI ar .
, pp 2 0 .

a nd 21 .

1] Men c ll d '

a rua ksr ota s bc th y d ev e l ped by m ea ns

mP
a re a e , e au s e e are o

of th i f
e r oo d g i g d
o n o wnward s So s ay s th c e o mm e n ato r : t
m
.

i fe s am ibly
‘
m1 : w -
wad e Henri 11 m 5 11 m: 1 oss

t he ri ght word i s avaksr ota s .

74 V S I H N U PURANA .

cre ati o n s cre ati o n wa s th at O f M ah at o r In

. T he firs t
t el l ect w hich i s al s o c all e d th e c reati o n o f B rah m a
, .

T he se c o n d wa s th a t o f th e r u d i m e n tal p ri n cipl e s (T a n
m atra s) th en c e t erm e d th e el em ent al c re a ti o n (B hut a
,

T he thi rd wa s th e m o difi e d f orm Of ego t i s m

f
S arg a)
-
.
,

t erm e d the o rg an ic cre ati o n o r creati o n o f th e s en s es ,

A i n d ri ak a) Th e se th r ee w er e th e Pr akri ta c r e ati o n s
( y .
,

th e d ev el o p m en t s o f i n di s cr et e n a t u r e p re c e d e d by th e ,

i nd i s cret e p ri n cipl e Th e fo urth or fun d am enta l crea

2
.

ti o ns d es c ibr ed ; for, as p r es en tly en u m er a e d , t th e s t a

g e s o f c ti
r ea on

a re s eve n . T he c o mm e n a o r , t t h owe v er , c i d th H dhw

o ns e rs e r a

s r o ta s ti c
th t f th
re a on , or a o e su p erhu m a n b i g t b th m
e n s, o e e sa e

w it h t h t O f th I d i y which t h y p i d ; by
'

a e n r as o r s en s e s , o v er e r es e

w hich th mb i d c de nu er s re u e to si x s j
'

Thi c ti b i g th s r ea on e n e w or k of th e su p re me S pi it r , 3 31
Ha m 5 : Rafi 3
-3
f afi a a cc o rd ng i t o th e co m

m e n ta to r : i t b t or t t
i t m gh h a v e e e n u n d e r s o o d t o m e a n , h a B r a h m a
w th c t b i
as en i tifi
r ea e d
,
it M t
e ng , as w e h av e s e e n , d en ed w h ah a ,
‘
cti i t lli c
a ve Op tin ille
g e np e , o r th e
’
e ra n
g w o f t h e S u re m e S ee .

t i p 33 p
no e n .
,
su ra .

T h t xt i
2
Inf fl g a g
e wh ich i
e d d
s: - s ,
as r en ere

i th t x t c
n
‘
ti p c d d by
e e b g i i g with B d d hi i
,
rea on re e e ,
or e nn n ,
u ,
n

“
Mod fied i form of ego ti m
s here t ra ns a es lt v a ikar i ka ; and thi s is
s y no n ym ou s it
w h s attwi lca , the adj e cti v e of s a ttwa . S ee P f ro e ss or W il s on s
’

no e t i n p 3 4, . a nd th e ed it ’
or s c om m en t i n p 3 5 , sup r a
. .

1 Men ti on h as b ee n m ad e , i n the s econ d ch pt a er , of th ree c tirea o ns ,

d e nom i t
na ed ma ha tta ttwa , bhuta , a nd i nd r ig a ; a nd we ha ve j us t d re a of

fo u r, the 1 nu kh a
g ,
ti rg a lcsr ota s , urdhwasr ota s , a nd a ruaksr ota s . T he i a
( l ri
ga c mp
o rehe nd s the ur d hu i
as rota s , a cc d i”g or n t o the c omm en a or tt . He
s p e aks of a read ng i s ev en i t
n s e ad of
“
s ix ; whe n , h e sa y s ,
the 1 ir

( l /i wa sr ota s is not c mp i
o r sed i n the i nd rig a ; a nd the ord er of the c rea

ti o ns is as f ll
o ows : ma ha tta ttwa , 1 11 1 1 1 11
'
,
i n dr ig a , 1 1 1 1 1 k/1
g a , tirg a lrsr otas ,
-

ur dli wa sr o ta s , and a r va lcsr ota s .

'

Mos t of my COpi es of the c ommen ar t y have : 2 13 1 31 6 1 1 W T

a m en: mi t l: 1
raw
76 vi s HNU PU BANA .

d ark ne s s O f th e s e c re ati o n s fiv e a re s e c o n d ary a n d

.
1

?
thre e a re p rim ary Bu t th ere i s a n i nth th e Ka u m ara ,

T h e A nu g rah a c re a ti ic
on tic
,
of wh h no no e h as b e en fo u nd

M habha t
i n th e a ra a , s ee m t h s b b wo av e e en o rr o ed fro m th e S an
k hy p h il p hy I t
a oso . is m p tic l ly d c ib
or e ar u ar es r ed i n th e P a d ma ,

Ma k i d y r Li g ar e a n a, j d M t y P an ;
an a s a ur as as :

a t res s : mi : a 3 3 1 1 1 61 1 3 1 1 1 1 :
i
W”
1a
3
a teen 31 9 11 1 us e a 11
‘
T he fi fth i th A c ti which i b d i i d d i t f
s e nu
g r ah a r e a o n, s su v e n o ou r

ki d n s ; by Ob t cti i bility p f ct s ru d cq i c c on , d s a ,
er e ne s s ,
an a u es en e .
’

Th i i th P ty y
s s
g e i t ll ct l c ti f th sa k hy
ra a a s ar a or n e e ua rea on o e n as

( S K a
. ik a 46 p r th c ,
ti Of wh ich w h
v. ti
,
. e r ea on e a ve a no on,

or t wh ic h w g i
o t ( A g h ) i c t d i ti cti t
e ve a s s en nu ra a ,
n o n ra s n on o

or
g ic c an ti th t x i t c
r ea f wh ich w h
on, ibl por a e s en e o e av e s en s e er

ce p ti I i t S p cific S b d i i i
on . n it i th ti
s f c t ai e u v s o ns ,
s e no on o er n

i p bl p p ti i th f d i ff t d
ns e a ra e ro f b i g erh es n e ou r ere n or e rs o e n s : o

t cti
s ru t li d ity i i i m t th i g ; i bility i m p fecti
on or s o n na n a e n s na or er on

i
n i m l ; p f ctibility i m ; d cq i c c
an a s er e t q il n an an a u e s en e or ra n u

j y m t i g d S l th Vay P
en o en n o s . o a so e u . :

‘
wwi g faufimfwfimrfi a ufa m
’
'

2
i t ly f m th fi t p i cipl th gh
O r V a i k ri ta , d er i ved m ed a e ro e rs r n e, ro u

i t V i k ti
s
‘
p d cti
r1
‘
d l p m t ; d P ak t d i d
s, ro u o ns
’
or ev e o en s
’
an r r1 a, e r ve

m o re i mm d i t ly f m th ch i f p i cipl it l f M h t d th
e a e ro e e r n e se . a a an e

f m f Ah ka d im t l l m t d th
'

tw o or th
s o a nn ra
,
or e ru en a e e en s an e

Se n s es , c tit t th l tt cl ; i i m t b i g & c mp
o ns u e e a er ass nan a e e n s, c . o o se

th f m
e or th l tt c i d d th w k f B hm a
er : or e a er are o ns er e as e or o ra ,

w h il t t h t hs fi t l d f m P dha
e S th V ay
re e rs a re e v o ve ro ra na . o e u

X V L II .
,
28 ; where , ho wev er, the c
s e ond ha lf of the t z
s an a is read :

1 3 1 11 151 1 1 f ea ra m an tr ai n as ? a 1
‘

1 Pi Se cti on LXX 1 57

ff ct— ly th t it
r or .
,

I T he Vay u p ur a n a , t o the s am e b tit t “

i ght h
ft —
-
e e on a su s u es e

for “
fi h as the v ers es g ve n i a b ove , iscit d hy th c
e e omm e n a or. tt
foll ow the st anz a t ic t c cl d
,

Then s wi h wh h the no e on u es.

 B O O K C HAP . v . 77

crea ti o n which i s b o th p ri m ary and s ec on d ary Th e se

,
.
1

a re th e n i n e cr eati o n s o f th e g r ea t p ro g e nit o r o f al l ,

1 : 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 11 1 1 3 13 1 1 31 111
3
1 11 15 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 11 1 1 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 s n 3
3 :
1
3 e s e 1 11
‘
T h th ec ti b g i i g w ith I t lli g c
ree re a o ns l m t l;
e nn n n e en e a re e e en a

b t th S i x c
u e ti wh ich p c d f m th
r ea o ns i f which I ro ee ro e s er es o n

t ll
e t i th fi t
ec s th w
e rs k f B hm aa re e or o ra .
’

W m th
1
e c
us h l t th P
av e r e o u rs e , f th er e a s o , o o er ura n a s , or e

l ci d ti
e u f th i
a t m T h K m a c ti i th c ti
on o s er . e au ra re a on s e rea on

o fR d u N i l l hi t
ra or f m f Si by B h ma w hich i b
a o a, a or o va, ra
,
s su

se q tly d c ib d i
u en es r t xt ed Of c t i th m i d b
n our e ,
an er a n o er n -
o rn

S ons O f B hm a f wh bi th th V i h i P g i
ra ,
o osef th r e s ru . v es no ur er

a cc o t T h y un . l wh t m d S tk ma S
e ar e e se d S ere er e a na u ra , a uan a, a

na k d S at
a, an w it han m ti m
ana, fi fth Ri bh d d d T h so e es a ,
u, a e . es e ,

d cli i g t c
e n n t p g y m i d
o re a e th
ro m f th fi t
en ,
re a ne ,
as e na e o e rs

i mpli b y K m a ; th t i
es ,
e v er o s, p u d i c t;
ra s a s ,
ever u re an nn o e n

wh c t h i cen e ti i c ll d th K m a a T h th V ay
e r r ea on s a e e au r . us e u :
"
3 151 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11
“

1
91 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 11 1
1 1
111 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 171 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 11
u aq mt fi a a a a ét g m usi fi 1
’

11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : we 11
A nd th e L i n
ga h as :
11 1 1 11 1 1 1 : 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 11: 1 1 1 1 1 3 111 1

q 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11
1 vaii fii a : 11
*
1 1 1 1 11
‘
B i ng e eve1 as he was b o rn , h e i s h e re c lla ed y th ;
a ou hen c e

hi s nam e i s w el lk n o wn a s S an a tk u mara .
’
T hi th ity s au or m ak e s
S a n a tk u mara and Ri bh u th e t wo fi tb rs o rn o f a l l :

wh il t s th e t xt
e of th e H i ar V a nhs a
'

li mit s th e p i m og it
r en u re to

S a na tk u mara :
s a c31 1 1 1 1 fax? 1
-
1 3 1 1
55
In ano th pl c
er a e, h o wev er , it e nu m e ra e s , a t pp a re n tly ,
si x ,
or th e

LXX .
, 1 74 .

1 Pi r or Se cti o n, LXX , 1 70 . and

78 V S I H NU '

PU BANA .

an d, b o th
p ri m a ry an d s e c o n d ary are the ra dic al
as ,

c au ses o f th e wo rld p ro c ee d i n g fro m the s o v ereig n ,

c reat o r Wh at el s e d o st th ou d e s i re t o h ear ?
.

a b o ve fou r , it
w h S an a , a nd e ith er Bi bhu or a no th er S a nat a n a :
f o r th e p a ss a
ge i s c o rru pt . T he F re n c h t ra ns l a ti o n a s c rib es a
S hare in c re a ti on to S a n a tk u m ara : ‘
L e s S ept Pra dj p a ti s R o u d a a
,
r

S c a nd a
( So n fi l s) , et S a n a tco u m ara se m i ren t ap r o d u re i l e s é tr e s ,
r ép and a n tp t t ar o u
’
l i n ép u i s abl e é ne rg i e du Di eu .
’
T he or i g i aln is
1i ah w fa 1 1 1 13 1 ( a? ! 111 1 1 1 1

1 13 : m 1 11 1: 1 1 mm firsa : -
11 1
S a nk shi py a i s ‘
no t ré p and a n t ’
,
‘
bu t r es t i i ra n n
’
g ; and T i sh fha ta li ,
bi e n
g i n th e d u a l nu mb er , re a e sl t ,
Of c o u rs e ,
to ly tw on o of th e
s er i es T h e o rr e
. c ct ren d er n i
g is : h es e s e v en ‘
T
ra a a s rea e d
( P j p ti ) c t
p g y; d
ro en an so did R u d ra : bu t S k an d a a n d S a n a tk u m ara , r e

t i i g th i p
s ra n n e r o wer , a bti s a ne d ( f ro m So th e 0 0m

m e n ta t o r “

R m r 32 Er é faa m a:
1 1 3
g fi fi
Th g h w
es e sa li es , ; o d th y ev e r ,ly ve a s 0 11
f
Bi ahm a an e a re o n

c t d by him i th fi t K lp
re a e lth gh th i g n ti i e rs a a ,
a ou e r en er a on s

v ery c m m ly b t i c i t tly i t d c d i th Va ab
o on ,
u n on s s e n ,
n ro u e n e r a or

P adm K lp Thi c ti
a a y th t x t i b th p i m y
a . s re a on ,
sa s e e ,
s o r ar

( P ak t )
r d c d y ( V i k t ) I t i th l tt
r1 a an cc d i g
s e o n ar a ri a . s e a er , a or n

to th c mm t t
e o g d th i g i f th
en a o r, i t f m as re ar s e or n o es e sa n s ro

B h m a it i th f m
ra : ff ct R d s wh th g h p c d
e or er , a s a e s u ra
,
o, ou ro e e

i g f m B hm a i
n ro c ti f m w i
ra c q lly,
n a er a n or as n e ss e n e e ua an

i m m d i t p d cti
e a ef th fi t p i ciplro Th u ti th
on o e rs r n e . es e no ons ,
e

bi th O f R d
r d th i t u m t h ra b b wdf man e sa n s, s e e o a ve e en o rr o e ro

th S i e d t h
a vas, an b w k w d ly g ft d p toh V iave ee n a ar en ra e u on e a

s hi y t m S k ma
r ava s d h i b th
s e i
. lw y d a na t u ra an s re r en a re a a s e

c ib d i th Sai P
s r e ,
n Y gi e th K a m ft va u r a n as , as o ns : as e r a , a er

e nu m ti g th m dd
era n e ,
a s

fi fi t fifi rfi fam z v t fim mfiam z l
’
‘

Vol I , . . p . 6 .

1 S t z an a 44 .

On the su bj ct e of th es e p ers onages , s ee Or ig i na l S a nskri t T ex ts,

p ass im, and the S ankhy a -
3 am , Pre fac e pp , . 13 et seq, foot not e
-
.
 80
‘

V ISH NU PURAN A .

t ors an d m en c ol l e ct e d h i s m i n d i n t o itself Whil st

, , .
1

th u s c o n c entrat e d the q u ality of d ark ne ss p erv a d e d ,

h i s b o d y ; a n d th en c e th e d e m o n s ( th e A su ra s ) w ere
fi rs t b o rn i ssu i ng fro m hi s thigh B rah ma th en ab an
, .

d o n e d th at form which wa s c o m p o s e d o f th e r u di m e nt
o f d a rk n es s a n d which b e i n g d e s e rt e d by h i m b e c a m e
, , ,

n igh t C o ntin u i n g t o cr eat e bu t a s s u m i n g a differ e nt

.
,

s h ap e h e ex p e r i en c e d pl e a s u re ; a n d th e n c e fro m h i s
,

m o u th p ro c ee d e d th e g o d s en d o we d with the q u ality ,

o f g o o d n ess T h e fo rm ab an d o n e d by h i m b e c am e d ay
.
,

i n wh ich th e g o o d q u ality p re d o m i na t e s ; a n d h e n c e by
d ay the g o d s a re m o s t p o we rful a n d by n ight th e d e ,

m o n s H e n ex t a d op t e d a n o th er p e rs o n i n which th e
’

.
,

r u d i m e n t o f g o o d n e s s a l s o p r ev a il e d ; a n d thi nki n g o f ,

hi m s elf a s th e fath er o f th e w orld th e p ro g en it o r s (the ,

Th 1
it t d d t l w yes e re yc g cc t e ra e ,
an . no a a s ve r on ru o u s , a o un s

f th c
o ti e x pl i d by th P an
r ea f i g t dif
o n a re e a ne ,
e ur as, a s r e e rr n o

f t K lp
e re n ti f th w l d
a d th f i l i g
a s o r r e n o va o ns o e or , an e re ore nv o v n

i c mp tibility A b tt
no n o f a th i pp c i th . e er r ea s o n or e r a ea ra n e s ,
e

p b bi l ity th t th y h b b w d f m d i ff t i g i l
ro a a e av e e en o rr o e ro er e n or na

au th iti Th
or cc t th t f ll w i i d tly m d ifi d by
es . e a o un a o o s s ev en o e

th Y g i S i
e by i t g
o l my tici m d by th x p i
a v as , s en e r a s s , an e e re s s o ns

w ith wh ich it b g i e ns :

. C ll cti ng
‘
o e i t it l f RH} hi s m cc d i g t th i nd n o se
’
,
a or n o e

c m m t i h p f m c f th Y g ( Y uy j ) T h t m
o en s t e er o r an e o e o a u e . e er

A m bh m i lit w t
‘
a f sth f ,
d f b i g
.
g d,
d a ers
’
,
or e o u r or e rs o e n s ,
o s, e

m mon s , d P it ri i l
e n, p c li d p b bly m y tic
an s, s, a so , a e u a r, an ,
ro a ,
s ,

t m T h c mm t t
er . y it cc i th V d
e o y ym en a o r s a s o u rs n e e as , a s a s no n

of
.

go d s, &c . : T m fif a a ni mffir 3 3 1 1 m : fi afi S W 2 m
{fi t 33 3 ; Vy P T he a u u r ana d e ri v e s i t fro m i n t o sh ne ; be
’
. i
c au s e th d i ff
e t d e re n or e rs o f b i g hi o fl
e n s s ne ,
r o u r sh i ,
s e v era lly ,

by m o on li ght i gh t d y ,
n ,
a ,
an d t wili gh t m W : s w | &c .
 B OO K C HAP . v
“

81

P itri s) fro m hi s s i d e T he b o dy wh en h e
w ere b orn .
,

a b a n d o n e d it b e c am e th e S an d hy a ( o r e v en i n g twi
,

light) th e i nt erv al b etween d ay an d night B rahm a

,
.

th en a s su m e d an o th er pers o n p erv a d e d by th e q u ality ,

o f fo u l n e s s ; a n d fro m thi s m e n i n wh o m fou l n e s s ( o r , ,

p as s i o n) p red o m i n ate s w ere p ro d u c e d Qu ickly ab a n ,

.

d o n i n g th at b o dy it b e c am e m o rn i n g twilight o r th e , ,

d awn A t th e a pp eara n c e o f thi s light o f d ay m e n

.
,

fe el m o st V i g o ur ; whil e th e p r o g e nit o rs are m o st p o wer

f ul i n th e ev en i n g s ea s o n In th i s m a nn er M a itr ey a .
, ,

Jy o tsn a(d awn) R atri (n ight) Ah an (d ay) an d S a n dhy a

‘

, , ,

( ev e n i n g) are the fou r b o d i e s o f B rahm a i nv est e d by

,

th e t h ree q u aliti e s .

T hi cc t i g i i
1
s a oun l th P s i th K a mv en n s evera o er u ra n a s : n e r a,

w ith m i m plicity ; i th P d m L i g
or e s d V ay w ith m n e a a, n a, an u, o re

d t il
e a T h B h ag
. t e l m plifi till m a va a pi ly ,
a s u s ua ,
a es s o r e Co ou s ,

an d mi x p m ch b d
es u ity w it h t hu cc t T h at h p su r e a ou n . u s, e er s o n

of S d hy a an
‘
i g t wili gh t i th d c ib d Sh pp d
, e ve n n
’
,
s us es r e :
“
e a e a re

w ith y lli g with p i whil t h l t li k f t

e es ro n d d ass o n , s er o os- e ee so u n e

w ith ti k li g n m t m li
n o rnatdp ddf mh w iten s : a us n v es e en e ro er a s ,

c d by g l d z
s e ure h a b t w p t b t d cl
o en one : er re a s s ere ro u eran an ose

t g th ; h
o e er w l g t ; h t th b ti f l ; h f c
er n os e as e e an er ee ,
e au u er a e

w b i gh t with mi l
as r d h m d tly c s c l d it w ith th
es , an s e o es o n ea e e

ski t f hr s b ; wh il t th d k c l cl t d
o er ro e d h s e ar ur s u s er e rou n er

ro
”
b w 1 Th A .
'

dd.
h e d wi h t
s u ra s a b c m th i re s s er , an n er o e o e e r

“
Of the wor d l and
“
from hi s s id e are ad o pt ed f omr the com

m en t y
ar .

1 Bha
'

g ava ta p u ra n a ,
-
. III .
,
20, 2 9 3 1 -
 82 VI S H N U PU RANA .

Next from B rahm a i n a form c o m p o s e d of th e q u ali

, ,

ty o f fo u l n e s s wa s p r o d u c e d h u n g er o f wh o m a n g er , ,

wa s b o rn : a n d th e go d p ut fo rth i n d ark n e ss b ei n g s , ,

e m a ci at e w ith h u n g e r o f hid eo u s a sp e ct s a n d with , ,

l o n g b ea rd s Th o s e b ei n g s h a s t en e d t o th e d eity S u ch
.
’

o f th em a s e x cl a i m e d O h p re s erv e u s ! w er e th en c e , ,

c all ed Rak sh a sa s : o th er s wh o cri e d o u t Let u s e at , ,

b idr e . To th e fou fo r rm s of o ur t xte th e s a m e w o rk a dds

T an d r i ,
‘
s o l th
y w i g ; N i d a l p ; U m ad
’
; J ri mbha ri a , ‘
a n n
’
r ,
‘
s ee
’
n a,

‘
i ity ; A t d ha a d i pp
ns an
‘ ’
c ; P ti bi m b fi fl x i ;
n ar
‘
n ,
sa e a ra n e
’
ra a re e on
’

wh ich b c m th p p ty f P i sach e o Ki m e Bh ut G e ro er o a s, nar a s , as , an

dh V i d y adh
a rv a s , s ad hy P it ri d M Th ti
a ra s , as, s ,
an a nu s . e no o ns

o f i gh t d y t w ili gh t
n d m,
li gh t b i g d i d f m B h ma
a , ,
an o on e n er v e ro ra

s eem t h i g i t ed w ith th V d Th th c mm tat

o av e o r na e e as u s, e o en or

mg 3 3m m
.

on th B hag be
“ m mfg
a vat a o s e rv e s : .

‘T h t
W ef tf gfi f : w h ich w -
hi b d y
S d w l ft w a as s o ,
an as e ,
as

d k ar thi i th S ti A ll th th iti pl c i gh t b f
ness : s s e ru .
’
e au or es a e n e o re

d y a d th A ,
an Tit b f th g d i th d f
e s u ra s o r an s , e o re e o s ,
n e or er o

a pp c ; di d H i d d th
ea r a n e ci t th g i t
as es o an o er a n en eo on s s .

F m B k h (W ) t p
1 ‘
ro a s ,
o re s erv e .
’

fifi mfi m arfi a fi am fi
‘

q l
.

T hos e a mon
g them th t c ll
a a ed ou t
‘
No t so : oh ! l et hi m be sav ed !
’

were na med R akshas as

— III 2 0 1 9—
.

It is ,
lt
i n the Bladg a va ta p ura nd ,
re a e d 21 th t B hma .
, , , a ra

t f
ra ns i lf i t i t i t it b d y T hi th Y k h
orm ed h m s e n o n gh , nves ed w h a o . s e a s as

an d R ak h iz d p s xcl i mi g D t p it ; d v it
as as se e u on , e a n
“
o no s are e ou r .

B hm a c i d td p m ’
ra t D mr e ou
“
on e v our e; s are e .

Th i gi l f B hm p titi i RT Fri W 3 W 3
e or na o ra a s e on s:
“ “ “

F y k /
or i mpli d i j k h t
a s ta th d it
, f th t i
as e n a s a a , see e e or s
’
ou r no e n

th e next p g
:

a e .

1 T h Bhdg t p m e h th t g t m p lydtmy P ti b mb
a va a - u na as e s ra n e er ra a . ra z
’

occ i S i dh S wami l cid ti f it

u rs n r ara n s
’
e u a on o .

J i mbli i j t b b bstit t d f P f W il
‘
h
’
z az a , us a ove , as een su u e or ro es s or s on s

j fi mbhi kd .
84 VI S HNU PU RANA .

"

an i m al s fro m hi s feet ; whil st fro m t he h ai rs o f hi s

,

b o dy sp ran g h erb s r o o t s a n d fru it s , ,

.

B rahm a h av in g create d i n th e c omm en c em ent o f

, ,
”
th e K alp a v a ri o u s pl an t s e m pl o y e d t h em i n s a crific e s
, , ,

i n th e b e gi n ni n g o f th e T ret a a g e A n i m al s were di s .

t i n g u i s hed i nt o t wo cl a s s es d o m e s tic (v ill a g e) an d wild ,

( f o r e s t) T h e fi r s t cl a ss c o n t a i n e d th e c ow
. th e g o a t , ,

th e h o gf l th e s h e ep th e h o r s e th e a s s th e m u l e ; th e
'

‘
, , ,

l atter al l b e ast s of p rey 1€ an d m an y a n im al s with cl o v e n

, ,

h o o fs the el eph an t an d the m o n k ey T h e fifth o rd er

, ,
.

were th e bi r d s ; th e s i x th a q uatic an i m al s ; a n d t he ,

§
1
s ev en th r eptil e s a n d i n s e ct s
,
.

F rom hi s ea st ern m o u th B rahm a th e n c reat e d the

Gayatra m etre th e Bi g v e d a th e c oll e cti o n o f hy m n s ,
-
,
‘
t erm e d T ri vrit th e Rath a nt ara p o rti o n o f th e 8 am a ,

v e d a a n d th e A gn i shto m a s a cr ific e : fro m h i s s o u th e rn

,

m o u th h e c re at e d th e Y aj u r v e d a th e T ra i shtubh a -
,

m e tre the c o ll e cti o n o f hy m n s c a ll e d Pan ch a d as a t h e

’

, ,

Bf ih at s am an an d th e p o rti on o f t he s ai n a v e d a
'

,
-

t erm e d U kthy a : fro m hi s wes t ern m o nth h e creat ed .

Thi p c di g
s an d th e re e n e n u m era ti on o f th e igi f
or n o v og e

t bl cc i l P p ci ely i
'

a d
es im l an an a s o u rs n s e v er a ura n a s ,
re s n th e

sam w d e T h Li g
or sdd . e n a a s a s p cific ti
e a on of th e Ara i i y a or

w il d i m l which id t o be th e buff al o yl b
'

an sa g e a r,
'

a s ,
a re ,
a a ,

m k y Sa bh , w l f a d li
on e ,
ra a o ,
n on .

I ns er t “
sa r c ifici l i m l a an a s p
‘
a su .

1 T he MS S
"
. c lt d by m
o nsu e e have “
m an p urusha . T he c tt
omm e n a or

b
o s erv es , th t i th a n e nar a - med laa , or hu m an sa r c ific e, m an i s a cc t d ou n e

m
,

a sa r c ifici l i m l a an a . Hi s word s are

N 1 1351 : I a am W
‘

Swdp a d a .

“
Reptil es and i ctns e s sar
 BO OK C HA P . v . 85

th e 8 am a -
v ed a ,
th e J a g at i m etre , th e c o ll e cti o n of

hy m n s t erm e d S ap ta d as a the p o rti o n o f th e sam a n

’

c all e d Va irti p a a n d th e A tiratra s a crific e : a n d fro m hi s

,

n o rth er n m Ou th h e c r e a t e d t h e Ek a v i n s a c o ll e cti o n o f
’

hy m n s th e Ath a rv a v e d a th e Ap t o ry am an rit e th e -
, ,

A n u sht u bh m et re a n d th e Vai raJa p orti o n o f th e 8 am a ,

1 96

Th i S p cific ti s e a on of th e p t ar s of th e th t p c dV ed a s a ro ee

f m B hm a cc
ro ra o u rs ,
i n the s a me w or ds i th ,
V ay L i g n e u ,
n a
,

Kar ma , P a d ma , an d Mark a ndey a P u ra n a s T h B hag a t

. ff e va a o ers

so m e im p t t
or an v ar e i ti es :
“
Fro m hi s t
e a s e rn d th m th an o er ou s

he c t d th Ri h
re a e e c ,
Y aj u s , S ai ma n , d A th
an V d ; th arva e as e

S t (W )
a s ra
‘
th or tt d i c t
e u nu e re n an a ti ; i a (W T) bl
on
’ ‘
,
o a

ti ; S t ti (W ) d S t m (m ‘
p y d h ym
‘
)
’ ’ ’
on u an o a ,
ra e rs
; an ns

a nd Pray a s chi tta

'

( W W )
‘
x pi ti ,
e a on
’ ‘
,
c d p h il phy
or s a re oso
’

( B rahm a) : a sol th V d e f m d ici e as o e ne , m m ic ,

ar d m s, us an e

ch a ni cs ; a nd t h e Iti has as and P u ra n a s ,

wh ich fi fth V d a re a e a

l
a so th e p tior o ns o f th e V ed a s c ll
a ed S h o da sm , U k thy a , Pu ri sh i n ,
A g ni sh tu t , Ap to ry am a n , A ti r atra , V ayap ey a , G osa va fi th e '
fo u r

It is on the au th ity or of the c omm en a or , tt as su ppl em en ti ng the

t x t th t
e , a Gayatra and A nus ht ubh
’

are here sa id t o be m e t ; th t res a

A g ni s htom a
’

, Ati rat ra , a nd Aptory am an a re t aken to d eno t p t f

e ar s o a

c ific im
sa r e, a , of
'

the J yoti sht om a ; and h a Vai rti p a and V ai raJa d eno t t

mi t d y
na e s u n r v ers es of the 8 ama -v e d a But the omm en a or a s o s a s . c tt l y
th t Ukthy i
a a
’
s , here , t
a s age of a s a r c ific e: fl a w . He m eans
the J yoti shtom a .

As to Ap toryam an, b th o i n the Vi skii u p ura na and i n the Bhag ava ta ,-

i t i s to be gard ed as a re
'
lt ti
Pau rari ik a era on of the V aidi k Ap tory ama .

For V ai rup a and Vai raJa, f y I d x t th e s am a ved a : Ind i s che

’
see Ben e s n e o - -

S tu di en, Vol , 238 III p

. . . .

P f ro ess or W il s on s
’ “
Ga yti
a r
”
,
“
T ri shtu bh
’

and
“
Uktha have b een

c ct
orre ed to Gay a tra, T rai shtubha, and U kthy a
'

S ee , re ard n
g i
g the as s a ge hu s anno a ed , p t tt Orig i na l S a nskri t T ex ts ,
P t III pp
ar .
,
. 6 and 7 .

1 T hes e are not c hara ct iz er ed , i n the or i gi l na ,

as
“
por tio ns of the
Vde as T hey are s a r c ifici l p c di a ro ee n s.
g
86 V I S H NU PU RANA .

thi s m ann er all cre at u res g reat or sm all p ro

In , , ,

c ee d ed from h i s lim b s T h e g re at p r o g en it or o f th e .

p t i t p ity lib lity pi ty d t th ; th d

ar s o f v r u e , ur , fer a ,
e ,
an ru e or ers o

li f e, d th i
an i tit t e rd d i ff
ns t li g i rit
u es d p an ere n re ous es an ro

f i
e s s o ns d th ci c f l g ic th ic
an e s en d p lity T h m y tic
es o o ,
e s , an o . e s

w d or sd m an yll bl p c d d f m hi h t ; th m t
on o s a e ro ee e ro s ea r e e re

U hm h f m th h i
s ,
ro f hi b d y ; G ay t i
e a rs f m hi k i ; o s o a r ,
ro s s n

T i h t bh f m h i fl h ; A
r s u ,
ro h t bh f m h i t d
s es ; Jag ti nu s u ,
ro s en ons a ,

f m hi b
ro s
; P k t i
o n esf m h i m an w ; B h t i f,
m hi b
ro th s arr o r1 a ,
ro s re a .

Th C e t w hi li f ; th w l hi b d y ; th ibil t
o n s o n an s er e s e e vo e s s o e s an s ,

hi ; th
s s en s e s mi w l hi
e se ig -
Thi m y tici m l
vo e s , s v ou r . s s s ,
a

th gh p h p xp d d d m plifi d by th P ani k p p
ou ,
er a s, e an e an a e e au r s, a e ar s

to or i g i t with th V d ; i th t x t W
na e e e
‘
Th
as as n e e e

m t e re w f th t e d
as o T h d i ff
e nt p ti f th V d
o ns .
’
e er en or o ns o e e as

s p ci fi d i th t x t
e e n y t fe th m
e t p t i ti g t d
are e ,
or e os ar ,
u n nv e s a e .

Bhag ava ta p ura na , — III 13 .

,
8
, 3 7 -4 1 and 44 47 -

1 1 3 1 : v an?

‘
f aan an ? an : «a mi éxfa W e ?

dé ié
'

éé éé éé éé éé éé éé éé
88 Vi s man P U RANA

fro m th e w ill to cre ate , an d a ss s ed i t by the n atu ral an d

es s e n ti al fa c u lty of th e o bj e ct t o be cre a te d .

m a m mm w fzs n
W ant W e 3 a :
{
As, i n every s eason, mu ltif i
b h l d th f ar o u s t ok e ns are, in t urn, e e ereo , s o,

at th b g i
e i g f th Y g i t i wi th th i p d ct P
e nn n s o e u d f th
as , s er ro u s . o ss es s e o e

d i d f th p w
es re a n t c ot d i mp ll d by th p t ci f wh t
e o er o re a e, an e e e o en es o a

i t b c
s o t d g i d g i d h t th t t f K lp p t
e re a e ,
a a n an a a n o es e, a e ou se o a a a, u

f th i mil c ti
or a s ar rea on .

T h w ite m y h rh d i mi d
er t
a f th Ma
ave dh m
a n n a s anza o e na va - ar a

s as tr a : 30 .
 C H A PT ER V I .

Or g i i n of th e f o ur c t as es : th i p i m iti
e r tt P r ve s a e . ro
g re ss of

so ci ty D i ff
e . e ren t ki d n s o f g i E ffic cy f c ific
ra n . a o sa r e . D ti e s
u

o f m gi
en : re on s as s ig ne d t h m ft e d th a er ea .

MA I T RE YA .
—T h
ill u stri o u s
0u h as t b ri efly no tic e d ,

s a g e th e cr e a ti o n t erm e d A rv ak s ro t a s o r th a t o f m a n
, ,

ki n d N o w expl ai n t o m e m o re fully h o w B rah m a

.

a cc o m pli s h e d it ; h o w h e cre at e d th e fo u r d ifferen t

c a ste s ; wh at d uti es he a s sign e d t o th e B rahm ans an d
1
th e r e st
PA RA S A RA —F o rm erly 0 b es t of B rah m a n s wh e n
.

.
, ,

th e t ru th m e dit ati n g ? B r ah m a w a s d es i r o u s o f cr e ati n g

-

th e wo rld th ere sp r an g fro m hi s m o u th b e i n g s e sp e

, , ,

c i all y e n d o w e d with th e q u ality o f g o o d n es s ; o th e r s ,

fro m hi s b re a st p erv a d e d by th e qu ali ty of fo u l n e s s

,
:

o th er s fr o m h i s thigh s i n wh o m fo u l n e s s a n d d ark n e s s
'

, ,

re v a il e d ; a n d o th er s fr o m hi s feet i n wh o m th e q u a li
p , ,

t y o f d ark n es s p re d o m i n at e d Th e s e w ere i n s u c .
,

c e s si o n b ei n g s o f th e sev eral cast es +Brahm an s Ksh a

, , ,

t ri y a s V a i s y a s an d S ud ra s ; p ro d u c e d fr o m th e m o u th
, , ,

1
T he c ti f m k i d h d c ib d i th
rea on o t f it an n er e es r e s ra er o u o s

pl c a e ,
as it p c d th bi th f th P j p ti
re e th i p
es e r o e ra a a s ,
or e r ro

g it
en o rs . B t thi w t f m th d i c m m
u s t th P an o e o s o on o e ur a n a s ,

a nd is ev i d c f th i b ei g c m pil ti f m i
en e o rc
e r n o a on s ro v a r ou s s o u es .

A dd “
an d w h wha it t qu a liti
es tr
a m
1 S a tg abhi d hayi n, “
t ru e to hi s w ill .
” T he
“
c omm e n a or tt h ere , for the
c
s e ond ti m e , xpl i n it
e a s by sa t a
y
-
s anka lp a . S ee m y c
s e ond no e t in
7 3 , sup ra
p. .
90 vra U PU RA NA ’

th e b reast th e thigh s an d th e fe et o f B rahm a Th ese

, , ,
.
1

h e cre at e d f or th e p erform a n c e o f s a cr ific e s ; t h e fo u r

c a st e s b ei n g th e fit i n stru m ent s o f th ei r c el eb rati o n .

B y s a crific e s O th o u wh o kn o we st th e tru th th e g o d s
, ,

ar e n o uri s h e d ; a n d by th e ra in which th ey b e st ow , ,
2
m an ki n d ar e s u pp o rt e d : a n d th u s s a crific es th e s o u r c e ,

o f h appi n es s are p erfo rm e d by pi o u s m e n att a ch e d t o

, ,

th ei r d u ti e s att en tiv e t o p re s crib e d oblig ati o n s an d

, ,

w alki n g i n th e p ath s o f v i rt u e Men a cq u ire (by th em ) .

h ea v en ly fru iti on o r fi n al felicity : th ey g o aft er d eath , , ,

t o wh at ev er s ph ere th e y a s p i re t o a s th e c on se q u en c e ,

o f th e i r h u m a n n at ur e T h e b ei n g s wh o w ere creat e d .

by B rah m a o f th e s e fo u r c a st e s w ere at fi r st en d owe d

, , , ,

with r ight e o u sn e s s an d p erfe ct fa ith ; th ey ab o d e wh er

e v er th e y pl e a s e d u n ch e ck e d by an i m p e di m e n t ; th e i r
y ,

h eart s wer e fre e fro m g u il e ; th ey were p u re m a d e fre e ,

fro m so il by o b s erv an c e o f s a cre d i n stit ut es In th ei r

,
.

s an ctifi e d m i n d s H ar i d w elt ; a n d th e y we re fill e d w ith

p erfe ct w i s d om by which th ey c ont em pl at e d th e gl o ry

,

1
Th i s or i gi l na of th e fo ur c t
as es i s g ven i n i
a nn y
} M a nd in
m os t of th e P u ra n as . We sh a ll s ee , h owev er , h a th e d s t t i ti cti
n o ns

a re su b q tl y c ib d t
se u en l t y l cti as r e o v o u n ar e e on , to a cci d t en ,
or

to p iti i tit ti
os ve ns u o ns .

2
A cc d i g t M
or bl ti c d t
n o an u o a o ns a s en o a nd n o u r sh i th e

sun ; wh c th i f ll p
en e th d c e ra n a s u o n e ar ,
an au s e s th e g ro w h t f o

c 1 B t ffe i g
o rn . u rn t h f th fi l c -
o r n s ar e , er e o r e , e na au s e s o f th e s u pp t or

o f m ki d an n .

S ee Orig i na l S a ns kri t T ex ts, ar I , pp 2 1 and 2 2 P t . . .

1 In t h e M ‘
d a va d/za ma sas tr a ,
n r 3 1 , the K sha r a i s s a d to hav e
- -
I t iy i
p c
ro ee d e d f
rom the a rms of Brahm a A nd s o s a e the Pu rus ha S akta . tt -
.

of t he Ri
g ved a , &c
-
.

I l ll d nava d ha rma sas tra ,

- -
III .
, 76 .
 '

92 v rs H NU PU BArIA .

b ei n g e nfe ebl e d an d s i n g ai n i n g stren gth m o rtal s were

, ,

a fflict e d w ith p a i n ar i s i n g fr o m s u s c eptibility t o c o n

,

t ra s t s ( a s h e at a n d c o ld a n d th e
,
T h ey th ere fo re
,

c o n stru ct e d pl a c e s of re fu g e p ro t e cte d by tre es by , ,

m o u n t a i n s o r by wa t er ; s u rr o u n d e d th em by a ditch
,

o r a w all a n d form e d v ill a g e s a n d citi es ; a n d i n th em

,

e re ct e d a pp r o p r i at e d w elli n g s a s d efen c es a g a i n s t th e ,

s u n a n d th e c o l d H av i n g th u s p rov id e d s e c urity
.
1

th ou bc
g h o s u r e , i n t he ly V ay u , an d are p tly p cifi
ar s e ed i n the
Mark a ndey a ura n a s ? P
In th e ot h th P
er r ee ura n a s ,
i n wh h ic thi l g d h bs e en as e en

fo u nd ,
th e d i ff t ki d
e re n n s of i nh a bit ed pl c a es p cifi d ar e s e e a nd

i t od c d
n r u e by ri
a se f l es o a nd m e a s u re s . Th th Ma k nd y
u s, e r a e a i
t t th t
s a es a 1 0 Pa ra m a n u s = 1 Para suk sh m a ; 1 0 P ara s fik sh m as =
1 T ra s ar e ri u ; 1 0 T ra s a r e ri u s = 1 p ticl
ar e of du st or Mahi raj a s ;

W
W
W
W
W
$ I fa tfim a re Wa i t? 1
§ ‘
: W : n

w as B W l fi fii T
S ee Or ig i na l S a nskri t T ex ts, P t ar I, . pp . 22 and 23 .

I
1 XL X , 1 8 , et s eq
. . I
XL X , 3 6 4 0 .
-
 B OO K C H AP . VI . 93

a g a i n s t th e weath er m en nex t b eg an t o em pl o y th em ,

s el v e s i n m an u a l l ab o u r a s a m e a n s o f li v elih o o d ( a n d , ,

10 Mahi raj a s as 1 B al ag ra ,
‘
ha i r s
’
p i to n
’
; 1 0 Bal ag ra s 1 Li k hy a;
1 0 Li k hy as 1 Y i i k a; 10 Yak a s t f b l y (Y d ) ;
1 h ear o ar e av o a ra

1 0 Y a vo d a ras = 1 g ra
‘

i n o f b l y ar e f midd l oiz ; 1 0 b l y g i e s e ar e -
ra n s

1 fi n
g er , ori ch ; n 6 fin g e r s a P d f t (th b d th f i ) ;
a a or oo e rea o t

2 P ad as 1 Vit ti as or s p an ; 2 s p 1 H t
a ns = c bit ; 4 H t as a or u as as

a D ha n u s , -
a D a ri da o r s a ff t ,
or 2 N adik as ; 2000 D h a nu s a s
a G a vy ii ti ; 4 G av y i i ti s a Y j
o a na . T h e m e a su r e m e n t of th e

B ra h m a n da is l e ss de t il a ed . A p s an f ro m th e th m b t th fi t u o e rs

fi g i P d es ; t th m i d d l fi g
n er s a ra a o e e n er ,
T al ; t th th i d
a a
*
o e r

fi g n G k
er i ;,
d t
a th littl fig
o ar r a an ,
o e e n er ,
Vit ti which i
a as ,
s

eq l t tw l A g l
ua o fig ; d e ve n u as or n e rs un t d i g th by
e rs a n n ,
er e ,
ao

c d i g t th V ay
or n j i t f th fi g
o e u, a o n o e n er A cc d or

i g t
n th th iti it i th b d th
o o er a u or es , s e re a o f t h th m b t th tip
e u a e .

For thi p s as s a e,
g Ih ave u s ed m anus c ipt r s, in p f re ere n e c t o the C lc tt a u a

ed iti o n of th e Mar ka nd eya p u ra n a -

. Acc d i or ng to m y t xt
e , the m eas u res
no e td a re as f ll
o ows :

A
p a r a ma na i s a p ara su kskma
’

, u lti m t a e m i im
n um ; or the s e ns e

m ay be
8 p a ra m a n a 1 pa ra S aks/m a .

8 p a r a s u kshma tr a s a renu
’

1 .

8 tr a s a r ena
'

2 1 ha sta , l o ng c bit
u .

4 ha s ta 1 d ha nu rd a nda , bow s -
t a ff .

2 d li a na r d a naa
’

2 0 0 0 d ha nu s
2 kr osa 1 g a vyu ti .

4 g a vyi i ti 1 y oj a na .

C mp C l b k A i
o are o e roo e , s a ti c Resear ches , Vol . V .
, pp . 1 03 a nd 1 04 .

C ct d f m P f
orre e ro ro es s or W s on s “
il
aa
’
. Nl
 VIS B NU PU RArIA
'

94

c u ltiv ated) th e t
s ev en e en ki n d s of u s eful grai n—ric e
*
b arl ey wh eat , , m ill e t , s e s am u m ,
p anic ,
an d v ar o u s i

( A . R , V ol
. . T he Vay u,
g i i v ng s i m il ar p
m e a s u r e m en t s ,
l
~~
u on

th e th ity
au or of M a nu i ( H Ffizi r
fir
' ‘
W ) lt h gh
,
c ha ou su a

ttm t d
s a e en o es not o ccu r i n th e M a nn S a mh it a d d th t 2 1 ,
a s ,
a

fi ng er s = 1 R a tni ; 24 fing e rs 1 as a o r u ; 2 R a t n i s = 1 K i shk u ;: H t c bit

4 B as a s t
1 D h a ma s ; 2 00 0 D ha n u s a s 1 G a v yi i ti ; a n d 8 000 D h a
'

nu s a s : 1 Yj o ana D u rg a s o s t ongho l d a
. r r re o f fou r k i n d s ; th re e

of wh h ic are n at u a l f o m th e i s it u a t io n
r ,
id t r r i n m ou n ti a ns ,
am s

w t a er i th i cc ibl p t T h f th i th tifici l
,
or n o er na es s e s o s . e ou r s e ar a

d f c
e e n esf ill g ( G am ) o h m l t ( Kh t k )
a v a ecity r a ,
a a e e a a ,
or a

( P N
ur a
g ) wh ic
or h lly
a h l f th
a ra i z ,
f t h xt a re , s e v e ra ,
a e s e o e ne

i th
n i T h b t k i d f city i
e s er e s . which i e b t m iles n o s on e s a ou a e

l g by h l f m il b d b ilt i th f m f p ll l g m
on a a e roa , u n e or o a a ra e o ra ,

f ci g th
a n th t d e nord d by h i gh w ll
-
ea s d d itch
,
an s u rr o u n e a a an .

A h ml t h ld b Y j
a e di t t f m
s ou city ; ill g h l f
e a o ana s an ro a a v a e, a

a Y j f m h ml t T h
o a na d l d i g t th c d i l p i t
ro a a e . e ro a s ea n o e ar na o n s

f m city h l d b t w ty D h
ro a ( b s ou1 00 f t) b de en an u s a s a o ve ee ro a

“
M ill t e and
“
p ican mi “ a nd p rig a ng u .

1 In one of the fo ur MS S . of the Vdg a p ur a na ha — t t I h c lt d av e ons u e ,

the t d m th l t t
ve rses it c
quo e e as no e are n ro d u e d by a t z d h lf
s an a an a a

i g f which th w d w i fl fi W
,

t th b gi
‘
a e e nn n o B t are e or s u

th w d m
es e t hi g ; d t h i
or s f c t Mean n oW h n an e re s n o re ere n e o a nu . e ere

simply h cl ic l i pl c
av e a f th p i g w d f th p g
er a error, n a e o e o en n or s o e ass a e

cit d i p 9 2 f m th Ma k nd y p
e , n . Th f
,
m ti rod MS f e r a e a -
u r a na . e ore en one . o

th d
e p m t h a- b t c ib d f m m wh t ci t
u ra na us ave een rans r e ro a so e a an en

c py f m
o , i th B g li ch
or ro ct one n e en a ara er.
96 I H NU BU R ANA
V S .

c u ltiv at e d o r wild are th e fo urt een g rains th at were

,

p r o d u ce d for p u rp o s e s o f o fferi n g i n s a crifice ; a n d

s a c rific e (th e c a u s e o f ra i n ) i s th e i r o rigi n al s o Th e y .
,

a ga in w ith s a crific e are t he g re a t c a u s e O f th e p er

, ,
-

et u a t i o n o f th e h u m a n ra c e ; a s th o s e u n d e rs t a n d wh o
p
c a n d i s c r i m i n at e c a u s e a n d e ffe ct Th en c e s a crific e s .

w e re o ff e re d d a ily ; th e p erfo rm a n c e o f wh ich 0 b e s t ,

o f M un i s i s o f e s s e n ti a l s erv ic e t o m a n ki n d an d ex ,

p i a t e s t h e o ff en c e s o f th o s e by w h o m th ey ar e o b s erv e d .

Th o se h o wev er i n wh o s e h eart s th e dro p o f si n d e

, ,

r i v e d fro m Ti m e
(K a l a) w as s till m o r e d eve l o p e d as ,

s en t e d n o t t o sa c r ific e s bu t r ev il e d b o th th em an d al l
,

th a t re s u lte d fro m th em th e g o d s an d th e fo ll o wers , ,

o f th e V e d a s Th o s e ab u sers of th e Ve d a s o f ev il
.
,

d i sp o s iti o n a n d c o n d u ct an d s e c e d ers from th e p ath ,

o f enj o i n e d d u ti e s w e re pl u n g e d i n w ick e d n e s s .
,

T h e m e a n s o f s u b s i s t en c e h av i n g b een p ro v id e d f o r
th e b e i n g s h e h a d c re a t ed B rahm a p res crib ed l aws ,

s u it e d t o th e i r s t a ti o n a n d fa c u lti e s t h e d u ti e s o f th e ,
2
s ev er al c as t e s an d o r d e rs a n d th e re gi o n s o f th o s e o f
,

1
Thi ll i s a u s on t o th e s e ct s h os til t th V e o e e d as —B it
u d dh s s o r

J a i nas—d o e s n ot o cc ur i n th e p ll l p g
ara e a ss a es o f th e V ay u a nd

Mark a ri dey a P u ra a s n .

2
T he Vay u o
g es furth er than thi s ,
a nd s a es t t th t th c t a e a s es

w er e now first d i i d d cc d i g t th i
v e a or n -
o e r occ p ti ; h i g
u a o ns av n ,

i nd e e d ,
p i ly t t d th t the w
r ev o u s s a e a re as no ch d i ti cti i
su s n on n

th e K ri t a a
g e

W m a am am :
B h m a w pp i t d th
ra wh w
no b t d i l tt
a o n e os e o er e r o us an v o en o be
K h t iy t p t ct th
s a r t ; t h wh w p
as, o d pi
ro e e r es ose o e re u re a n ous he
m d B hm
a ; th
e wh w
ra f l p w bti d ti
a ns ose o er e o es s o er , u n us r o u s,

S ee Or ig i na l S a nskr i t T ex ts, P t ar p . 23 .
 B OO K C HA P . VI .

th e differen t ca stes wh o were o b s erv ant of th eir d uti es .

*

T h e h eav en o f th e P itri s i s th e r e gi o n o f d ev o u t B rah

m an s ; th e s ph er e o f I n d ra o f K sh a triy a s wh o fly n o t ,

from th e fi el d T h e re gi o n o f th e wi n d s i s a s s ign e d t o
.

th e V ai s y a s wh o a re d ilig e n t i n th e i r o cc u p ati o n s ; an d
s u b m i s s i v e S ud ra s are e l ev a t e d t o t h e s ph ere o f th e

G an d h arv a s Th o s e B rahm an s wh o l ea d religi o u s liv e s

.

g o t g
o t h e w o rld o f th e e ighty e i ht th o u s a n d s a i n t s ; -

a n d th at o f t h e s ev en R i s hi s i s th e s e a t o f pi o u s an

ch oret s a n d h erm it s T h e w o rld o f an c e s t o r s i s th a t

.

o f r e s p e ct abl e h o u se h o ld er s ; a n d th e r e gi o n o f B rah m a

a nd ict d t l ti t th g d h m d V i sy ; whil t
a dd e o ,
cu va e e rou n ,
e a e a as s

the f blee d p
e f S pi it w
an c tit t d Sad
o or o A d b r ere o ns u e r as . n e

a ssi g d th m t h i
ne e l cc p ti t
e r p t th t i t
s e v e ra o u a ons ,
o r e v en a n er

fer e n c w ith
e th which h d cc d l g th y
o ne a no er a o u rre as on as e re

g iz d d ti p c li t t l
~~
co n e no u es e u ar o ca s e s .

S ee Or igi na l S a nskri t T ex ts P t
ar I, . p . 23 . T he or i gi l
na

p ti
a in pl c
a e of
“
Brahm a Od r ers rend ers d sr ama
’

J
r {fi at m mai m s a f fi rm
a
-

W urs teu 3
-
m3 m as h fi ni mm u 11
met Barw as ge ch m a
-
e
ug:
3 s tr atum a“ ? s51 i stru m : ll

For a no th ter ra ns a l ti o n of thi p s as s ag e , a nd s e ve ra l i

var ous re a d ngs , i
se e Orig i na l S anskri t T ex ts, P tIar .
, pp . 30 and 31 .
 I H NU PU RArIA
'

98 V S .

i s th e yl u m of r eligi o u s
as m e n dic an ts ”i
T h e i m p eri sh .

a bl e r e gi o n o f th e Y o gi n s i s t h e high e s t s e a t o f Vi sh n u ,

wh ere th ey p erp et u a lly m e dit at e up o n th e s u p rem e

b e in g ? with m i n d s i n t en t o n h i m al o ne T h e sph er e .

wh ere th ey r e s id e th e g o d s th em s el v e s c ann o t b eh o l d :
T h e s u n th e m o o n th e pl a n e t s §s h all r ep eat e dly be
, , ,

a n d c e a s e t o be ; bu t th o se wh o i nt e rn ally r ep e a t th e

m y stic a d orati o n of th e div i n ity sh all n ev er kn ow d e c ay .

Th es e wo r d s , l p tic l ly s om e of wh h w ic ill be m o re ar u ar

d es r c ib d i e t cti n th a d i ff
L k ere n ph se on ,
ar e e s ev e n o as o r s e re s

a b o ve th th 1 P aj ap ty
e ear P itri l k 2 I d l k
: . r a a or -
o a : . n ra - o a or

Sw g ar 3 M a: ll k . Di l k h a ru 4 G -
dh
o l ka or va - o a ,
ea v en : . an a rva - o a,

th e eg ir f c l e ti l pi it ;
on o l c ll d M h l k 5 J
e s a s r s a so a e a ar- o a: . a na

l k
o a orth ph f e si t S m c pi d i gh t
e re o th a d ;
sa n s . o e o e s rea e ee n ous n

o th er s i th t x t wh ich i l th
as n d i g f th P d m
e e , s a so e r ea n o e a a

P u ra n a :6 T p l k .th w l d f th
a o- o
g d 7 Ba,h m e or o e s ev e n s a es : a n . ra a

l k
o a S ty l k
or th w l d
a f i fi it w i d m
a- o a,d t th T h e or o n n e s o an ru . e

e i gh th h i gh w l d f Vi hn w : t rt q m i
,
or or ct i l
o s u,
'

s a se ar a

a dd iti wh ich i th B h ag
on , t i c ll d V i k i th
,
n d i e av a a , s a e a ur a ,
an ,
n

t h B hm V i
e ra t G l k ; b th
a pp tly d m t
a var a ,
o- o a o ,
a aren ,
an ,
os ce r

t i l y th l
a n ,
t m d i
e ti
as , o ern nve n ons .

“
H eaven of the P it i
r s
' ”
and
“
wor d l of a n es ors c t i n the o rg ii l na

Praj ap at ya eg on of th e w nd s
.
“
a nd R i
s here of the Ga nd harvas i “
p
t
Maru a a nd Gai nd harva “
Brahm ans who ead re g ou s ves g uru vas in ;
.
’

l li li i
ic c t t xpl i
wh h the o m m en a or e a ns a s m e a n n
g onven u a s a d ng fo r e c i
t l bi i lif
it pi it l i t
w h a s r u a g u d e , and d evo e d t o heo og T he are s a d to nher t l y y i i . it
gi th hi gh i t Pi ch t
“
th e re f th Val ikhi l y
on nd
o e as a o er sa n s . ou s a n ore s

an d h mit er k ; ths m va nau as e sa e as v na a p th R li gi m ra s a .

“
e ou s en di
c t ya i ;
an s with
n
y i
s n o ne
'

s a ni n as n
'

. Th i gi l l
e or h h ld na eaves
“
ous e o e rs

q lifi d
u n ua e .

j B hm i th S ra k ita, n e ans r .

S ch MS S u I h c lt d xhibit . as ave ons u e e the read ng i

“
T he su n ,
as W
the moon ,
s ua
and o her
m
t pl t T i gi l
W
ane s
W
.
”
he
:
or na i s i n the
no e t f ll wi o o ng .
 C H A P T E R V II .

C r ea ti on c tion nu e d . P ro d u cti on o f th e m i nd- b orn So ns of B ra h m a;

of th e P j p ti
ra a a s; of S a n a nd a n a a nd o th e rs ; of R u d ra a nd th e

l
e ev e n R d s;u ra of th e M a nn S way a mbh u va a nd hi s w if e Sa t a
r ii
'

a
p ; of th i ch il d
e r re n . T h e d a u gh t e rs o f D a k s h a a n d th i ,
e r

m ar r i ag e to D ha r m a a nd o th e rs . T he p o g n y o f D h a m a a nd
r e r

A dh a rm a . T he p p t l cc i
er e ua su ess on of wo l ds a nd d i ffe e n t
r ,
r

m o d es of m u n d a ne di l ti ss o u on .

PA RA S A RA .
—F rom B rah m a c o ntinu i n g ,
t o m edit at e,
were b orn m in d en g en d ere d p ro g eny with fo rm s an d
-
,

fa c u lti e s d eriv e d fro m hi s c o rp ore al n atu re ; em b o d i e d

*
s pi rit s p ro d u c e d fr o m th e p er s o n o f th at all wi s ej d eity
'
-
.
,

A l l th e s e b e i n g s fro m th e g o d s t o i n an i m at e th i n g s a p
, ,

e a re d a s I h av e r el at e d t o y ou ; b e
1
i n g th e a b o d e o f th e
p
th re e q u aliti e s Bu t a s th ey di d n o t m u l tipl y th em s el v es
.
, ,

B rah m a create d o th er m in d b orn s on s lik e him s elf ; -

,

n a m ely : Bh r 1 g u Pul a s ty a P u l ah a K ra t u A n g ira s

, , , , ,

M ari chi D ak sh a A tri a n d Va si shth a Th ese are th e

, , ,
.

n i n e B ra h m as ( or Br ah m ar sh i s c l b rat e d i n th e Pu
) e e

rana s i S an an d an a an d t he o th er s o n s of B rah m a§
z

It is not cl e ar wh h ic of p ith e ti rev o u s n arra ve s i s h er e re

fe rre d t o ; but it s e em s mos t p b bl th t th cc t

ro a e a e a ou n in pp . 70 7 2 -

is i t
n e nd e d .
9
C o ns i d bl era e va r e i ty p re va il s in h t i li ts s of P j ap ti s B
ra a ,
ra h
m ap u tras , B r ahm as ,
or Br a h m a rsh i s ; bu t th e va r ai ti o n s a re of

L it lly li mb
era ,
“
s g atra .

1 D kima t .

S ee Or ig i na l S anskr i t T ex ts, Par t I , pp

. . 2 4, 2 5, and 80 .

Vedhas , i n the S ans kr it .

 BO O KL , C HA P . vn . 1 01

w e re p rev i o u sly create d byhim But th ey were with o u t .

d e s i re o r p a s s i o n i n spire d with h o ly wi s d o m e s tra n g e d

, ,

t he n a t u re of add iti o ns m a d e to an a pp a re ntly O i gi l m r na e nu era

ti on of bu t s ev e n , wh o s e na m es g e n er a lly c T h i th
re u r . us ,
n e

M b ha t
a ha ra a , M o k sh a D ha rm a ,
w e hav e , i pl c M ichi
n o ne a e, ar ,

A t i A gi r ,
u ra s
,
P ul a sty a , P l u ah a , K t ra u , and V a s i s h th a :

a as m
Hai m a W W aW
‘th
i i
e s eve n h gh m n d e d s o n s o f th e s e f orn B rahm a
’
l b -
. In a no th er

pl c
a e o f t he s a m e , h owev er , w e h av e D ak sha s u b tit t u ed fo r

+
s

V a si shtha

W ra ss e st art
-
11
‘
B ra h m a he n t c t d mi r ea e nd - b tt e
go en s o n s , . of wh o m D ak sh wa s a

t h e s e ve n th , w ith M ic h i ar
’
,
& Th c . es e s e v e n s o n s o f B ahm a a er r

a sol id en tifi e d w ith th e s ev e n Ri hi ; s s as i n th e V ay u

1
331 : E m i rte s wa t e m a
“

: : 1

n ma w
i
fi
-
ca a Grana a a t
a lth it p lp bl i c i t cy i gh t
o ug h , w h i m m d i t ly
a a e n ons s e n ,
e a re e a e

e nu m t d; Bh g
era e M ichi A t i A gi P l ty P l h
or : r1 u, ar ,
r ,
n ra s , u as a, u a a

K t ra u , d V i hth an T h U tt Kh i d
as s f th P d m P a . e a ra ar a o e a a ur a n a

su b tit t K d m f V i hth
s u es ar Th B hag t i cl d
a a or as s a . e av a a n u es

D kh a s m ati g i : T h M t y g
,
e nu er a w ith M n i n ne e a s a a re es a nu ,
n

a d d i g N a d t th li t f
n ra t x t T h Ka m P an d d
a o e s o o ur e . e r a ur a a s

Dh m ar d S k lpa an T h Li g B h m and
an d V ay P
a a . e n a ,
ra a ,
an u u

ra na s l d d th m d x t d th li t t A d h m d R ch i
a so a e ,
an e en e s o ar a an u .

Th H i V m e i
ar pl c i t G t m
a sa , d i n th o ne a e, ns e r s au a a, an ,
n a no e r,

M a nnA lt g th th f
. w h
o e t e r,i t d f er e o r e , e av e s ev e n ee n , ns ea o s ev en .

B t th
u cc t g i e f th
a i gi f
ou n s l f th h w
v en o e or n o s e v e ra o es e s o

th t th y w
a te i g i lly i cl d d m g t th Ma p t
er e n o ,
or na ,
n u e a on s e na s a u ra s

o r s o ns o f B hm mi d ; f ra D k h wh fi d a s pl c n or eve n a s a ,
o n s a a e

i l l th li t x c pt f th i i h M h a b h a t i
“

n a e s s e
g t e one o o se v en n e a ra a , s

Santi p a r van , 7 5 6 9 , 7 5 70 :
-
and s ee 1 30 7 5 .

1 I bi d , 7 5 3 4
. .

T he Bhag a va ta p ur ana , -
III .
, 12 , 22 , i cl
n u des Daksha and Narada ;
th us enumera ti n
g ten .
 I H NU PU BArIA .
'

1 02 V S

fro m th e u n iv erse a nd u n d esi ro u s of p ro g eny , . Thi s

wh en B rah m a p er c e i v e d h e wa s fill e d w ith , w rath

un if
orm ly i d sa t o h ave s p ru n
g f ro m B rah m a s thu m b : and the

s am e p t i ch
a r ar ,
as we ll as D ha rm a ,
is i cln ud ed , in . s om e a cc t oun s ,

as i n th e B hagav a t a a nd M a t sy a P ra nas am o ngs t a er en u ,

d i ff t
s e i e s o f B rahm a s p o g e ny
r o r vi t ue s a nd vi c es ; o D a k sh a
r ,
r r:

e x t e ity D i t K am i h a ( p a s s i o n)
( d ) r h a m a
( v,
e
) a ( d r
e s e) K o d r u ,
r ,
r ,

Lo hb a ( c o v e t o s n e s s) M o ha ( i nfa t a ti o n) M a d a ( i ns a nity) , Pra

u u ,

m o da ( pl ) M ty ( d
ea s u r e t h ) d A g
, j ( l t ) r1 T h u ea ,
an n a a us . es e a re

s ev era lly d i d f m d i ff t p t f B hm b d y ; d th
er v e ro eren ar s o ra a 8 o an e

B h ga ta dd i g K d m ( il
va a ,
a i ) t
n th i m ti
ar a a so ,
or s n o s e nu e ra on ,

m k a hi m p i g f m B h m
es s r n h d w Th i m pl t t m t
ro ra a s s a o . e s e s a e en

th t th fi t P j p ti p g f m th m i d will f B hm a
a e rs ra a a s s ra n ro e n ,
or ,
o ra ,

h as n ot c t t d th d p d t t f th m y tic ; d i m
o n en e e e ra v e as e o e s s an ,
n so e

o f th P e th B h ag
u ra n as t Li g
,
d V ay
as th y l
e ava a ,
n a , an u ,
e a so

a re d i d f m th b d y f th i p g it ;
er v e ro e Bh g f mo o e r ro en or or : r1 u ,
ro

hi s sk i ; M i ch i f m hi m i d ; A t i f m hi y ; A g i
n ar ,
ro s n r ,
ro s e es u ra s
,

f m hi m th ; P l ty f m hi
ro s ou ; P l h f m hi
u as l; a, ro s ear u a a, ro s na v e

K t f m hi h d ; V i hth f m hi b th ; D k h f m
ra u , ro s an as s a, ro s rea a s a, ro

h i th m b ;
s u d Na d f m hi hi p Th y d
an t x ctly g
ra a, ro s . e o no e a a re e ,

h w o i th pl c
e v er , wh c th
n e b i g p c d; a es f i en e es e e n s ro ee as ,
or n

t c cc d i g t th L i g M i ch i p i g f m B r hm
s an e
,
a or n o e n a ,
ar s r n s ro a a s

e y es t A t i wh
,
no th p c d i t d f P l ty f m
r , o ,
ere ,
ro ee s ,
ns e a o u as a ,
ro

hi s e a rs T h V ay . h l e th cc t f th i i g i
u as , a so , ano er a ou n o e r or n,

an d t t th m t h S p g f m t h fi
s a es e o f c ific ff d
av e ru n ro e r es o a sa r e o e re

by B hma; ra ll g ic l m d f x p i g t h i p b bl
an a e or a o e o e r ess n e r ro a e

or i gi l — na c i d i g th m t b i m d g
,
o ns er n lp e o e, n so e e re e , r ea er s o n s ,

f m th B hm ic l it l f which th y w th fi t i ti t
ro e ra an a r ua ,
o e e re e rs ns u

to rs a n d b T h V ay P u
o s erv ers l t t th t b i d
. e u ra n a a s o s a es ,
a ,
es es

th e p i m iti Ri h i th P j p ti
s e ve n r ve m s d s ,
e ra a a s a re nu ero u s ,
an

S p ci fi K d m K y p S h V i k a t S é
e es ar a a ,
B h
as
'

a a ,
es a r n a ,
u ra v a s ,
a u

p t K ma Vi w t S h
u ra u ra ,
P ah t (
va sD k h ) a ,
uc i s ra va s
,
r c e asa a s a ,

A i h t mi B h l Th
r s a ne
-
,
d m y th
a w
u a P j p ti
. es e an an o e rs ere ra a a s

W sfi sf u a
m fl an :
In th e b g i i g f th M b
e nn n o e ah a hara t Adi P
a ( a rv a n ) ,
we h a v e , a
ga i n,

a d i ff t ig i ; d fi t D k
eren or n an ,
rs
,
a sha , th e s on o f the Pra ch e tas as , it
1 04 v rs nuu PU RANA .

a nd o f t b u lk an d o f a fig ure which w a s h alf m al e

Va s , ,

h alf fem al e S ep arat e y o u rself B rah m a s a id t o hi m

.
, ,

an d h av i n g s o sp o k e n di s a pp e are d ; o b e d i e n t t o w hich
, ,

c o mm an d R u d ra b e c am e tw o fo l d di sj o i n i n g h i s m a l e
, ,

a n d fem a l e n a t u r es H i s m al e b e i n g h e a ga i n div id e d .

i nt o el ev en p ers o n s o f wh o m s o m e w ere a gree abl e , ,

*
s o m e hid eo u s ; so m e fi e r c e s o m e m ild A n d h e m u lti ,
.

pli e d hi s fem al e nat ure m an ifol d o f c o m pl ex i ons bl ack ,

“
o r whit e ?
Th en B rahm a create d hi m s el f th e Man n Sway a m ?
, ,

A cc o rd ng i fem a l e b e c am e fi s t t wo fo l d
t o th e Vay u ,
th e ,
r , ,

o ro n e h a l f wh it e a n d th e o th e r bl a c k ; a n d e a ch o f t h e s e
,
agai n , , ,

b ec om es m an i fo l d b e i ng th e v a i o u s e n e g i es o Sak ti s o f M aha r r r

w
,

d ev a as s t a t ed by th e K a m a a ft e th e w o d s a
, : fifi : r
,
r r

wh h ic are th os e o f o u r t xt
e

at 3 f ear fe m fa wn :
m at h af ar 1

T he L i g d Vay n a an m Th f u s p ci fy m y f th i
e an o e r na es . os e o

t h w h it c om pl x i
e e L k hm i S
e w ti o n, or m il d t i cl d n a u re , n u e a s , a ra s a ,

G i U m a & ; th
au r ,
f th d k h ,
d fi c d i p iti
c . o se o e ar ue ,
an er e s os o n,

D g a K ali C h ndi , M ha at i
ur ,
d th
,
a a r r , an o e rs .

B hm a ft d t ch i g f m h i m l f th p p ty f g
2
ra ,
a er e a n ro se e ro er o an er ,

in th f m fR de c or t d h i m l f i t tw p
o th u ra ,
o n v er e se n o o e rs o n s ,
e

fi t m l ; th M S w ay mbh
rs a e or d th fi t w m e a nn a u va an e rs o an or

V d q am 3 33} m
, ,

S t up a S
a ar i th . o , |I
n
‘
S e e as : o

him lf w i d d ( hi )
se T h c m m c m t f p d cti
as n ee s s on .
’
e o en e en o ro u on

th gh x l g cy i h d c ib d w i th ffici t d i ti ct
rou se ua a en s ere es r e su en s n

ne ss; b t th bj ct h b
u d d b c
e su by m m e as e e n r en ere o s u re a o r e co

Acc d i or ng t o the c mm t t
o en a or,
“
fi c
er e and
“
m d il are ex ep egeti cal

of
“
a greea bl e and
“
hi d eou s

1 S ee Origi na l S a ns kr i t T ex ts, P t IV p 3 3 1
ar .
,
. .

i Th s qu o t tia on requ res i to b li ghtly lt d

e s a ere . T he c omm e n a or, tt
aft citier ng W f rom the Vi shnu p u r a na ,
-
p c ro eed s : W 3
W t fiifi l a
st T hes e word s , end ng i w h it W ,

f m
ro the Sa tap a tka -
brahma na , XIV , 9, 4 , 2 6 .
 BO O K C HA P . vn . 1 05

bh u Va , b orn o f a nd id entic a l with hi s o rigi n al s elf

, , ,

f o r th e p ro t e cti o n o f c reat e d b e i ng s : a n d th e fem al e

plic t d cc i f g t
a e su e ss o n o d p ci lly by th i t d cti
a en s , an ,
es e a ,
e n ro u on

o f p a f m yth ic
erso n o m y tic l ch
a ct V i j T h ti or s a ara e r, ra . e no on

i th xp d i M H i g d i i d d hi w b t c “
s us e r es s e n a nu : av n v e s o n su s an e ,

th e m i gh ty p w B h ma b c m h l f m l
o er ra d h lf f m l ; e a e a a e an a e a e

an d f m th t f m lro h p d c d Vi j
a e a eK w m t b th t e ro u e ra . no e o e a

p e rs o n wh m th m l V i j p d c d by i m l f
o e h
a e
” I 32 ra ro u e se . .
,

W h e th f
av e , i f B hm a V i j d M
er e o re , a s er e s o i t d ra ,
ra
,
an a nu , ns e a

o f B hm a ra d M anly ; l th g a nu ti n f p g y by
on a so e e n er a o o ro en

B hm a b g tt
ra ,
eS t up a i t d f h b i g
o en on a ar i ,
n s ea o er e n ,
as n our

t x t th w i f f M
e ,
e eT h id o m t ha e
a nu . i g i t d w ith e ea s e e s o v or na e

th V d K l l uk B h tt q t t x t an} fat rg arrq a

'

e e as , as u a a a u o es a e :

‘T h t c V i w b T h p c ti f p y
( h )
’
en or j en e ra
g
as o rn . e ro r ea on o ro en

by B hm a h w ra ,
i t o i c with th wh l y t m
ev e r ,
s a v ar an e e o e s s e ,

w hic h l m t i i bly f hi c ti t th p ti '

,
a os n va r a ,
f
re er s s re a on o e o e ra on o

hi w ill xp i i M a gri a f ar ming “

‘
d th
'

s : an e e r es s o n ,
n a nn ,

‘h c e t d V i aj i h d
rea e r t c n ily i m ply x l i t
er
’
oes no n e e s s ar se ua n er
,

c o u rs e Vi j . l c t ra t b g t
a so M A d i
re a es , ith no e e s ,
anu . n n ne er

i t c d th m f S t up a cc T h c m m t t
ns a n e o es e na e o a ar o ur . e o en a o r o n

M a nu h w ,
od t d th x p i A ij t t i m ply th
ev e r ,
un e rs a n s e e re s s o n sr
'

a o e

p c ti f V i j
ro rea on o whi m rad th : m i t p t ti an e sa e n er r e a on

i gi
s by th M t y P a i i which th i c t
ven e a s a p iar ra
,
n e n es u o us a ss o n

o f B hm a f ra S t up a hi d gh t
or a ar i hi it
-
s au er n o n e s en s e s s s er,

th — d c ib d ; d by h h b g t V i j wh th
, ,

i
n an o er , is es r e an er e e e s ra , o e re

i c ll d
s a t th p
e ,
no
g it f Me b t
ro M h i
en m lf or o an u , u a nu se

an : 3 51 317 1 wear Be n: ash ra m : 1

W T? "
‘
e {F e EF e W e fi a : ar
ea 11 7
T h i th f s ,
er e o r e ,
ag r e es w h it ou r t xt
e ,
as fa r as it m ak e s M a nu

th e son of B ra h m a, th ou
g h not as t o th e n a t u re of th e c o nn e xi on .

ram p a w «F 1 i s fi a gusts wad 1

-

wi f e mi t s uit a f at fi wgm : 11
m a rgi ns a e rst sash 1 6 1 t
°
1
a m f am e: t ri er H e rr firawanu :
’

-
11
1 Ma tsya p urana , s
III 4 9, 5 0 .
 V S I HNU PU RANA .

p o rti o n of him s elf he c o n s tit u te d Sa tarup a wh o m ,

au s t er ity p u rifi e d fro m th e s in ( o f fo rbidd en nu pti al s) ,

T he r ea d n i
g of th e Ag i n and P a dm a P u ra a s n th t f th is a o e

Vi hn s B hag t g
u : a n d th e av a a a re e s w h it it ,
in o ne p l c ; t ti g a e s a n ,

d i ti ctly t h t th m l h l f
s n , a e a e a of B r ah m a was M th th
anu ,
e o er

h al f, Sa tarup a
as
“

( fa
W fi s m : w a e
s : m: 1
l ab W W ar m new :
B h agav a t a III 1 2, 53, 5 4 : a nd , a lth ou
gh th e p ro d u cti on of V i raj
ma
.
, ,

is l
e s ew h e r e d es c ibr ed ,
it is neith er a s th e s o n of B rah no r

the fa th e r of M a nu . T he or igi l na a ndi mpl i d th f s e ea ,

ere o r e ,

a pp e a rs t o be , th e i d tity f M en o a nn wit h th m l h l f f B h m a e a e a o ra

a nd hi s b e g,i n t h c g d d hi
en e , T h Ka m P
re ar e as s s on . e r a ura n a

i
g ve s th e same a cc t M ou nd i th m
as w d Th an u ,
an n e sa e or s . e

L ng a i u ra n a P an d V ay P d c ib th igi f V i j d
u u ra n a es r e e or n o ra an

Sa tarup a fro m Br hm a; d th y i ti m t th
a i f S t ipa
an e n a e e un on o a ar i

it P
w h u r u s ha or Vi j th m l p ti f B hm a i th fi t
ra ,
e a e or on o ra ,
n e rs

i t c
ns a n e ,
a nd , i thn d w i th M wh i t m d V i j
e s ec o n ,
.
a nn , o s er e a ra a ,

or th e s o n of V i raj : BU T
fi
-

g W 1
Q R : T he B ra hm a P u rai i a ,
t he w o rd s of wh h ic
p t d i th H i V i t d c
a r e re ea e n e ar a nns a
' '

,
n ro u es

a n ew e l e m en t f p pl x ity i o w m th t f Ap
er e ,
n a ne na e ,
a o av a .

Ac c o rd n i g to th c mm tt th i i
e m
o f th P j p ti en a o r s s a na e o e ra a a

”A
,
‘
V a s i s h tha : m q fi ifi mm e : y a m? s ,
h o w ev e r , h e
p f m
er o r s th e o ffic e o f B ah m a
g t h t r
,
he sh o u ld be re ar d e d as a

d i i ity
v n B t th i i t x ctly th c
. u lth gh it h b s s no e a e as e ,
a ou as een

d
s o re n d by th F ch t l t
er e Ap b c m tw f ld e re n ra n s a o r . av a e o es o o ,

an d i th c p city f hi m l h l f b g t
,
n e ff p i g by th f
a a o s a e a ,
e e s o s r n e e

m l A g i i t i i d Vi hn c t d V i j
a e. a n ,
d Vi j c td s sa s u re a e ra ,
an ra re a e

th m le which i V i j
a e M ; wh w t h t h c d
,
-
s a ra a o r a nu o as ,
us, e s e on

i t l (A t )
n e rv a t g i c ti T h t i cc d i g t th
n a ra or s a e n r ea on . a s ,
a or n o e

c m m t t th fi t t g w th c ti f Ap
o en a o r ,
V e rs s a e as e re a on o av a , or a

i hib V i j by Vi h n th cy
.

s s a, or
gh th g f H
ra i i y g bh ,
s u, ro u e a en o ra r a ar a

or B h m a ; d th ra x t w th t f th c ti an f M by e ne as a o e re a on o a nu

Vi j S t up a pp
ra . fi t th b i d f Ap
a ar d th a e a rs as , rs ,
e r e o a va , an en

as th w i f f Me Th i cc t th f e o lth gh b c ly an u . s a oun ,
e re o re , a ou o s ur e

exp d pp
re s s e t b ti lly t h m w ith th t f M ;
,
a ea rs o e e ss en a e sa e a o anu
1 08 V SH I NU PU BANA .

U tt an ap ad a , 1
a nd two d a u ght ers , nam e d Pra suti a nd

Aki i t i g ra c e d l o v elin e s s a n d ex alt ed m erit Pra

w ith 2
’

, .

s uti h e g av e t o D a k s h a a ft er giv i n g Aki i t i t o th e

’

p a ,

t ri ar ch R u chi wh o e sp o u s e d h er
3
Akuti b o re t o
, .
*

R u chi tw i n s Y aj n a a n d Dak sh ina wh o a ft erward s

, ,
4

O f m lti f ut m ph i W o rm
m me fi | aT h M t y or os s : e a s a

P h
u ra n a littl ll g y f i t w
as a th bj ct f B hm
e a e or o s o n , on e su e o ra a s

i t c w ith S taup a; f
n e r o u rs e it x pl i th f m t m th a r or e a ns e or er o ea n e

Vd e d th l tt
as ,
t h s a it i
an h ly p y e wh ich i th i
a er ,
e v r or o ra er ,
s
‘

e r

ch i f t x t ; d i th i c habit ti th i th f
e e an n il e r o a on er e s , ere o re , n o ev :

l1 i
T he Bra hm a
'

P u ra n a ha s a i
d ff er en t o rd er , a nd m a k e s Vi ra

t he s o n of the fi t p i wh h U tta p ad &

rs a r, o as na a , c . by Kawy a .

T he c o m m en a o r tt th H i V é q t th
on e ar a nn a
'

uo es e V ay f u or a

c fi on rm a ti on o f th i cc t B t th p g th
s a ou n . u e a ss a e e re is

W ‘
QW W I
f w arfim sfi
ga aui afi
s
r
e g
‘
Sa ta rup a b o re to th e l
m a e V a i raj a ( a nu ) two M Vi ra s
’
,

h e ro e s , or he ro ic s o ns , U ttanap ad a a nd Pri y av ra ta . It l k oo s as if
the c mpil o er of th e B r ah m a P u ra n a had made s o me v er y un

a cc t bl bl
ou n a e u nd er , a nd i nven ed t ,
u p on it ,
a new c pl Vi
ou e ,
ra

a nd K amy a . No su ch p er s o n a s th e fo r m er o cc u rs i
n any t h o er

P u ra n a ; nor d o e s K amy a, as hi s w if e .

2
T he Bh ag av a ta a dds a th i r d d au gh t er , D evah uti ; f o r the
p p ur o se ,
a pp are n tly ,
Of i tci g l g l g d f th Ri h i
n ro d u n a on e en o e s

K ar d a m a , t o wh o m s h i m
e si d d f th i K pil
arr e ,
an o e r s on a a: a

l e
g end no t m et w h it an y wh l e re e s e .

3
R ch i i s
u re ck one d m g t th P j p ti
a onby th Li gs e ra a a s ,
e n a

a nd V ay P u ura n as .

4
Th ese d es c d t f S way mbh
en an s o a u va a re , al ,l ev i d tly ll
en ,
a e

g o ri ca l . Th us , Y j (W ) i c ific
a na
‘
s sa r e
’
, a nd D a k shi na (gf w ) ,

d ona ti on to B rahm a n s .

S ee Orig ina l S a ns kri t T ex ts , P t ar I, p . . 25 .

1 M a tsya p urana , -
IV 1 0, 1 1 .
 B OO K C H AP . vu . 1 09

b e c am e h u sb an d an d w ife , an d had t we l v e s on s , the

d e iti e s c all e d Y am a s ,
1
i n th e Manwant ara of S way am
bh uv a .

T he p atri arch D ak sh a h a d by P fo u r ,
ra sut i, twen ty -

d a u gh t ers H ear fro m m e th ei r n a m es : S ra ddh a (fa ith)

.
2
,

L ak sh m i (p ro sp er ity) , t iti (s t ea d in e s s) T u sht 1 (re ‘

,

s ig n a ti o n
) P u sh t 1
( th r i
,
v ing ) M e dh a ( i n t ellig e n c e ) , ,

Kriy a ( a cti o n d ev o ti o n ) B u d d hi ( i n t ell e ct ) Lajj a

, , ,

( m o d e s ty
) V a
p u s ( b o d y
, ) S e m i ( e x pi a ti o n) S i d dh i , ,

p fe cti o n) K i rtt i fam e) Th thi rt een d a u ght er s o f

( er ( , es e .

D ak sh a D h arm a ( righte o u sn es s ) t o o k t o w ife T h e

,
.

o th e r e l ev e n b r ight e y e d a n d y o u n g er d a u ght e r s o f th e-

p atri arch w ere : Khy at i (c el eb rity) S a ti (tr u th) S am , ,

bh uti ( fit n e s s ) S m r i ti ( m em o ry ) P ri ti ( a ff e cti o n )
, , ,

Ksh am a (p a ti en c e) S a mn a ti (h u m ility) A n as uy a (c ha , ,

r ity
) U j (
r a e n e r gy
, ) w ith S w ah a ( o ffer i n g) a n d S wa dh a
, ,

n s w ere resp e ctiv ely we d d e d

( o bl ati o n
) Th ese m a.id e

t o th e M u n i s Bhri g u B h av a M ari chi A n gira s P u l a s ty a , , , ,

P u l a ha K ra t u A tri an d Va s i shth a to F i re ( Val m i)

, , , , ,

an d t o t h eP it ri s ( r o g e n it o r s)
3
1
‘

p .

T he B haga va ta ( b I V . . 0 . 1 ) sa y s t h e T u s hi ta s : bu t th ye

ar e th e d i i iti v n e s o f t h e s e o nd c ,
no t o f
“

th e fi t
rs ,
Manwa nt a ra ; as

a pp ea rs l i
a so n a no th p t
er ar of th e s a m e , wh e re th e Y am a s a re

i k w i ef d t th S way mbh M w t
l e se r e rre o e a u va an a n a ra .

Th e tw ty f d gh t
2
es r f m ch l en i l-
ou r au ers a e o u es s u n versa

o cc c i th P
u rren e th th m
n xt i e i f fi fty ur a n a s an e o re e en s v e s er e s o

or s i x ty wh i ch i b q tly d c ib d d wh ich pp
, s su t se u en es r e ,
an a e a rs o

b th m
e e ci t l g d
o re a n en e en .

T h t w ty f
3
e d a gh t f D k h en i m il ly m d
-
ou r u e rs o a s a are s ar na e

For Vah ni if S waha d f th ll g ic l f m l h

’
s w e, , an or o er a e or a e a es e re me n
t i o ned , as or i gi ti g f m p ticl f p kri ti
na n th B hm i
ro ar es o ra , s ee e ra ava va r ta

p ura na , i
n P f A f cht C t l g Cod M u ip t & p 2 3
'

ro . u re
‘ ’
s a a o . . an scr
“

, c .
,
'

. .

1
“
S ee O igi l S
r k i t T t P t IV p 3 2 4
na ans r ex s, ar .
, . .
1 10 v i s nuu PU RANA .

T h e p r o g en y o f D h a r m a ,
by th e d a u ght ers of D ak sh a ,

were a s fo ll ows : by S ra d dh a h e h a d K am a ( d e s i re) ; ,

by Lak shm l D arp a (p rid e) ; by Dhr1 ti , N iy am a (p re

,

c ept) ; by T u shti S ant o sha( c o n te nt) ; by P u sht1 Lobh a , ,

( c up idity ) ; by M e dh a Srut a ( s a cre d traditi o n ) ; by ,

Kriy a D a n d a Na y a a n d Vi na y a ( c o rre cti o n p o lity

, , , , ,

a n d p ru d e n c e ; by B u d d hi B o dh a
) ( u n d e rs t an di n g ; by
) ,

Lajj a Vi n ay a ( g o o d b eh a v i o u r) ; by Vap u s Vy a vas aya

, ,

( p e r s ev e ra n c e
) Sen a g a v e bi rth t o K s h e
. m a (p r o

s p er ity) S iddhi t o S u kh a ( enj oy m en t) ; a n d Ki rtt i t o

, ,

and d ip s o s ed of i n m os t of th e Pur ari a s wh h ic no tic th e em . T he

B hag ava t a ,
h av i gi t
n n ro d u e d a c t hi rd d au gh t er o f Sway a r i bhu va ,
f

ha s a ra th er d i ff nt e re e nu m e r a ti on ,
in o r d er to a ss ig n s om e of

t h em , , th e w i v es of th e P j ap ti
ra a s ,
t o K a rd a m a a nd D e v a h uti .

D k s ha
a h ad , th f i d ( b IV c
e re o re i xt ,
it i th s er e sa . . . s e en

d gh t
au er s ,
th i t
f wh m w m
r e en i d t Dh m o m d o e re arr e o ar a ,
na e

S d d ha
ra ,
M it i (f i
d hip ) , D y a ( cl m cy ) Sa ti T h ti
a r r en s a e en ,
n as ,

P hti K i y a U ti ( l ti ) B d d hi M dha T t k ha ( p
us ,
r ,
nn a e ev a on ,
u ,
e ,
1 1 s a

ti e n ce ) H i (m d ty) M u ti ( f m ) ;
,
r o d th es S t i S waha,
r or an re e , a ,

an d S w d ha m a id i ,
t x t S m f th d ght
arr e ,
as f n ou r e . o e o e au er s o

D ev a h i ti
i p t th pp ll ti ; b t th t i O f li gh t
re ea e se a e a ons u a s s co n

s i d ti era Th y
on . K l a ( m m t ) m i d t M ic hi ;
e a re : a a o en , arr e o ar

A uy a t A t i ; S dd ha t A g i ; H i bhu ( bl ti b )
na s ,
o r ra ,
o u ra s av r o a o n- o rn ,

to P l ty ; G ti ( m
u as am t) t P l ah ; K i y a t K t ;
a ove en ,
o u a r
,
o ra u

K hy ati t Bh g ; A ,
o dh ti t V i hth ;
r1 u d Sa ti t A th
ru n a ,
o as s a an n ,
o ar

v a ns } I l l th i t c th p
n a e se m i f tly ll
ns a n e s , e er s o n s a r e ,
an es ,
a e

g i
o r ca l bi g p
,
i fi ti
e n f i nt l li g c d
er s o n it d ca o ns o e en es an v r u es an

re li g i ou s rit d b i g th f
es, a n pp p i t ly w d d d t th
e n ,
er e o r e , a ro r a e e e o e

p b bl th
ro a e f th H i d
au c d f ligi
ors o d m l e n u o e o re o n an o ra s ,
or

to th e e q lly ll g ic l p
ua t ti a f th t c d
e or Dh m a re r es en a on o a o e ,
ar a,

m o ra l d li g i d ty
an re ou s u .

In the or g na , ha a ii l C l
1 T he Bkdg ava ta p nra na , i n the -
t xt th t I e s a have x i
e am ned , pi a rs

it
Urj a w h Vasi shtha, a nd h w h C itti it Ath arvan .
1 12 vrs nr m
’

PURANA .

t wi n s th em two d au ght er s , M ay a( d e c eit) an d Ve

to ,

d an a ( t o rt u re) wh o b e c am e th e i r wi v e s T he s o n o f
, .

B h ay a an d M ay a was th e d e stroy er o f liv in g creat ure s ,

oe i ty u ( d eath) ; a n d D u hkh a (p a in) w a s th e o ffs p ri n g

o f N ara k a a n d V e d a n a T h e child r en o f Mr1 t u w er e :
*
y .

Vy ad h i ( d i s e a s e) J ara ( d e c ay) S o k a ( s o rro w) T f i sh n a

, , ,
'

re e d i n e s s) a n d Kr o d h a wra th
( g ( , ) T h es e a r e all c all e d .
.

th e i nfl i ct o rs o f m i sery a n d are ch ara ct er iz e d a s th e ,

p ro g eny o f Vi ce l (A d h arm a) : Th ey are all with o u t

’

' '

w iv e s w ith o u t p o st erity with o u t th e fa c u lty t o p ro

, ,

cre at e Th ey are th e te rrific form s O f Vi sh n u a n d

.
,

p erp et u ally o p era te a s ca u s e s o f th e d e stru cti o n o f th i s

wo rld On th e c o n trary D a k sh a an d th e o th er R i s hi s §
.
, ,

t h e el d ers o f m an ki n d t en d p erp et u ally t o i n fl u e n c e ,

i t s re n ov ati o n ; wh il s t th e M a n u s an d th e
h ero e s en d owe d w ith m ighty p o wer a n d tre a din g i n ,

th e p ath o f t ru th a s c o n st antly c o n t rib u t e t o i t s p re ,

s e rv a ti o n

M A I T RE YA —
.

T ell m e B rah m an wh at i s the e s s ential

.
, ,

n a t u r e o f th ese r ev o l uti on s p erp et u al p r e serv ati o n , ,

p erp et u al cre ati o n an d p e rp et u al d e s tru cti on

PA RA S A RA —
,
.

Ma d h u s ud a n a wh o s e es s en c e i s i n co m
.
,
~

p reh en s ibl e i n th e form s o f th e s e ( p atri arch s an d

,

M an u s) i s th e au th o r o f th e u n i nt err upte d v ici s s it u d es

,

o f c re ati o n p re s e rv ati o n a n d d e s t r u cti o n

,
T h e d i ss ol u ,
.

Raurava, i n the i gi l
or na .

l
‘'
W m ti lly ici T h c mm t t e s se n a v o us e o en a or sa sy
m a n: H i er rrfi i wmam : 1 m m1
I For so m ed d iti i cl di g Ni fi ti d Al k hmi
a ons th ,
n u n r an a s ,
se e e Ma
'
ka ii cl ey a p u ra na , L , 3 3 ,
-
. et seq .

F ou r are name d i the S

n
'

ansk r it : Da ksha , Mar h

‘

ic i A t i
,
r , and Bhfi g u
'

HAn e pith t e i s here mitt do e : bli np a,

“
i
k ng s
 BO O KL ,
C HAP . vi i . 113

ée ‘
ti o n o f al l thi n g s is of fo u r k i n d s : N ai m ittika O cc a ,

‘ ‘ ’
el em e n t a l ; A t a n tik a
’
ab s o l u t e ;
’
s i o n al ; Prakrit ik a , y ,

‘
T he fi rst al s o t erm e d t h e B rah m a
’
Ni tya, p e rp et u al .
1
,

T he th th re e t
m e p tic l ly d c ib d i
firs of e s e a re or ar u ar es r e n

th e l t b k T h l t th N i ty
as oo . c t t i d i ff tly
e as ,
e a or o ns a n ,
s er e n

d c ib d by C l
es r e l V K d y (R o o ne ch i t th N t a ns e nn e es ea r es n o e a u re

an d A ffi ity f A ci t n d H i d Myth l g y p 224

o n en t) I an n u o o ,
.
,
no e .
“
n

th e s e ve n th ch pt h w ” h Ob
a er , f th fi t p t fo e ve r ,
e s e rv e s ,
“
o e rs ar o

th Vi h n P an it i i d th t th i mi tti k p d k ti k tg ‘ ’

e s u ur a, s sa a e na a, r ri a, a an

ti k a ,
d i iy
an th f
n k i d f p l y t wh ich c t d
a a re e o ur n s o ra a a o re a e

th i g n s bj ct T h i mi ttik t k pl c wh B h m a
a re su e . e na a a es a e en ra

l m b r ; th p d kriti k wh th i i
s u e s e r t t it igi la, en s u n v e rs e r e u rn s o s or na

t r ; tg/ ti k p c d f m d i i k wl d g
na u e a
'

an a ro d c q t
ee s ro v ne no e e , an o ns e u en

i d tific ti with th p m S pi it ; d i ty i th x ti cti

en a on e su re e r an n a s e e n on

o f li f li k th x ti cti
e, e f l p
e em i l p i g t F th i
t n h ” on o a a ,
n s ee a n . or s

l t ch ct i tic h w
as a ra er s t xt f i h,
wo t N ev er , our e u rn s es no arra n . or

ca n it b xpl i d t i g i fy th t th N i ty P l y m
e e a ne o s n ,
a e a ra a a ea n s n o

m o re th m an f lli g i t
a d l p t i gh t
an s
’ ” A ll th
a n n o sou n s ee a n . e

c pi c lt d th p
o es o n su t cc i c c i
e on di g e re s e n o as o n on ur n rea n :

fa s t : ( i s s um i i at fauna? femfi ua 1
-
v

as d
r en d b er e T h c mm t t
a ove ppli th ill t ti
. e o e n a or su es e u s ra on,

{ m3 1 1
‘
li k th fl m f l m p ; b t h e l w it e a e o a a
’
u e a so r es

3 1 1 3 77 1 1 f a rfii ri ef f f atfl u : a fi r
q st : 1
‘
T h t w h ich i t h
“ -
a s e

d t cti
e s ru f l l th t
on o b a i g ht d d y i th N i ty
a a re o rn ,
n an a ,
s e a or

c t t Ag i i
o ns an .
’
p a n tly f ll owi g w h th
,
n a v e rs e r e s en o n ,
e av e e

N y S g
i t a
‘c t t p p t l c ti
ar a, o ns a n Opp d t or er e ua re a on
’
,
as o se o co n

t t d i l ti
s an s so u on :

i nm ates a s a mfi s t n
er u m : 1
fi rst : mi : u a t hat : w m fif m fi : 11
‘
T h t i which 0 x c ll t g b i g
a n d ily t md
,
e e en sa es , e n s a re a h o rn , i s er e

c t t c ti
o ns a n by th l d i th P
re a Th on m os e e a rn e n e u ra n a s .
’
e co

xpl i th i w m gfg w a fi fi f fl ’l {retai n

,

m t t
‘
’
en a o r e a ns s :
‘
Th c t tflw
e cc i f th c ti
o ns a n f l d
o o r su es s o n o e re a on o o u rs e v es a n

oth c t er i th N i ty t
r e a ure st c ti T hi i th s e a or co n s a n re a on . s s e

S ee the ed it '

or s no e t in p . 52, sup ra .
1 14 I H NU PU R A NA
V S .

di s so l u ti o n o cc u rs wh en th e s ov ereign o f th e world
,

re clin e s i n sl eep In th e s e c o n d th e m u n d an e egg

.
,

r e s o l v e s i n t o th e p ri m a ry e l em en t fro m wh en c e it wa s ,

d e ri v e d A b s o l u t e n o n ex i s t en c e o f th e wo rld i s t h e
.
-

a b s o rpti on o f th e s a g e th ro u gh kn o wl e d g e i n t o s u , ,

p rem e spi rit P erp et u al d e str u cti o n i s the c on sta n t

.

d i s app eara n c e d ay a n d n ight o f al l th at are b o rn T h e

, , .

p ro d u cti o n s o f Prakf it i fo r m th e cre a ti o n th at i s t erm e d

th e el em en t al (Pr akri t a) Th at which e n s u e s aft er a .

m i n or d i ss o l uti o n i s c all e d e ph em eral c re a ti o n ; a n d

:

t h e d aily g en erati o n o f liv i n g thi n g s i s t erm e d by th o s e ,

wh o are v ers e d i n th e P u r an as c o n st an t c rea ti o n In

.

, .

thi s m ann er th e m ighty Vi s h n u wh o s e e s s en c e i s th e

, ,

e l e m en t s a bid e s i n a ll b o d i es a n d b rin g s ab o u t ro
, p ,

d u cti o n ex i st en c e an d d i s s o l u ti o n ? T he fa cu lti es O f
, ,

Vi sh n u t o cre at e t o p res erv e a n d t o d e stro y o p erat e

, , , ,

s u cc e s s i v e ly M a it re y a i n al l c o rp o re al b e i n g s a n d at
“

, , ,

a l l s ea s o n s ; a n d h e wh o fr e e s hi m s elf fro m t h e i n fl u e n c e

o f th e s e th ree fa c u lti es which a re e s se n ti a lly c o m p o s e d ,

o f t he th re e q u a liti e s g o o d n e s s fo u l n e s s a n d d ark n e s s)
( , , ,

g o e s t o th e s u p rem e sph ere fro m wh en c e h e n ev er ,

a g a i n r e t u rn s .

m ean i g n of the t xt I t i b i
e t h f th t
.
’
s o v ou s, er e o re , a th e a lt e rn a ti on

i t
n end e d i s th t f li f d d th t f w k i g
a o e an ea ,
no o a n a nd s eel p .

S a ni y ama
'

1 .
1 1 6 VI S H NU FU RArIA
'

th e boy still wept s ev e n ti m e s ; a n d rah m a th er efo r e B

g av e t o hi m s ev e n o th er d en o m i n ati o n s : a n d t o th e s e
e igh t p ers o n s r egi o n s a n d w iv e s a n d p o s t erity b el o n g .

T h e e igh t m an ife s ta ti o n s th en a re n am e d R u d ra
‘

, , ,

B h av a S arv a I s a n a P a s u p ati B h i m a U g ra an d Mah a

, , ,
’

, , ,

d ev a which w ere giv e n t o th e m by th e i r g re at p ro

,
*
g e n it or He al s o a s s ig n e d t o th em th e i r r esp e ctiv e
.

s t ati o n s t he s u n wa t er ear th a i r fire l e th er th e

, , , , , ,
°‘

m i n i s t ra n t B ra h m a n an d th e m o o n f o r th e s e are th e i r ,
1
s ev e ral fo rm s T h e wi v e s o f th e s u n a n d th e o th er
.

T he V ay u de t ila s th e a pplic ti a on of ea ch na m e s e vera lly .

Th es e e i gh t R u d ra s ar e , th f er e o re ,
bu t o ne ,
u n d er as m an y a
p
p e l l a ti o ns , a nd in as m an y typ es . T he P dm a a ,
M ark a ri dey a ,
K arm a , L g y g with i n a, a nd m vacl t u a re e o ur t x t i n th
e e no en a u re

o f th R d e d th i typ
u th i w i
ra s , an d p g y Th e r es ,
e r ves ,
an ro en . e

typ es th whicha re m t d i th N a d i
os e p i g are e nu er a e n e n or o en n

b d ict y
en e f S kor t l a; d th p g f th Vi h n
v e rs e o a un a an e as s a e o e s u

P w
ura n a f d by M C h z y as ou n th l p f hi c py
,
. e ,
on e en ve o e o s o .

H h e j tly c ct d S i W illi m J
as us o rre i f th t m e r a
’
o n e s s v ers o n o e er

M ‘
th c
,
ific i p f m d
e sa r w it h l m ity ; e t h w ds er o r e so e n
’
as e or

m ‘
e an s B hm ffi i t
W m ane:
‘
th B h m c an
’
e ra an
'

,
ra o ,

wh i q lifi d by i iti ti
o s ua
( D i k h a
e
) t ,
c d ct t h it n T h a on s ,
o on u e r e .
’
es e

a re c i d d th b d i
o ns er e i ibl f m f th m d i fi
as e o es , or v s e or s, o ose o ca

ti f R d
o ns wh ich
o i ly m d d which b i g
u ra a re v ar o u s na e ,
an ,
e n

p i d
ra s e th m inlly b t i f m h mi g th m 3 3
e ,
s ev e r a a s a n ro ar n e :

W ma r: W w m vay u P ur a n a .

T he B hag ava t a ,
III .
,
12 ,
1 1 13,
-
ha s a i
d fferen t ch s em e ,
as

u su a l; bu t it c f d on o u n s th e n o ti on of th e l
e ev e n R u d ra s ,
to

wh o m th e t xt b q
e su se u en tly a d ver s t ,
w h it th t a of th e e i gh t

S ee an a l m t i d tic l p
os en a as s ag e, f om th
r e Mdr ka fid ey a p ura na LIL -
, , 2,
et s eq .
, t rans a e l t d i O igi l n r na S a nskri t T ex ts, P t ar IV , p 2 8 6. . .

” In m os t MS S s een b me the
f y
‘

. ord er is “
fire,
”
ai r ; and s o i n o th er

Furari as tha n the Vi shi i u

'
.
 B OOK C HA P . vm . 1 1 7

ma n ife st ati o n s t erm e d Ru d ra t w e re r e

,
and th e re s , ,

: S u v a r ch a l a U s h a S *
s e ct iv el Vi k es1 i v a S w ah a
p y , , , , ,

D i s a s D i k sha a n d Ro hi ri i N o w h ea r an a cc o un t o f
’

, ,
'

th ei r p ro g e n y by wh o se s u cc es s iv e g en era ti o n s thi s
,

wo rl d h a s b e e n p eo pl e d Th e i r s o n s th en we re s ev e .
, , ,
~

r ally : Sa n ai s ch ar a ( S a t u rn S u k ra V ) fi
) ( en u s t h e e r
y , ,

bo d i e d l ( M ars ) '

Ma n oj av a ( Han u m at i )
‘
S k an d a
, , ,

S wa rg a §S a nt an a a n d B u dh a (M er c u ry)
, ,
.

I t wa s th e R u d ra of thi s d es cripti o n th a t m arri e d

S at i wh o ab an d o n e d h er c o rp o real ex i st en c e i n co n
,

se q u en c e o f th e d i spl e a s u r e o f D a k s h a S h e a ft e r 1
.

h ere s p cifi e ed . Th es e e ev e n l it t e rm s M y an u ,
M a nu ,
Mahi n a s a ,
M aha t Si,
va ,
Bi ta d hw aj a HU g rar e ta s B h a v a , , ,
K al a, vam a d e v a ,
a nd D h ri ta v ra ta ; th ie r w i v es are Dhi ,
D h ri ti ,
Basa l o m a, N i y u t,
S a rp i fil Il a, A m bi k a , Irav at i , S wa d h a, D i k sh a ,
Ru d r ari i ; a nd th ie r

pl c a e s are th e h e a r t b e t h th ,
s en s e s ,
r a ,
e er, a i r, fir e , w a te r, e a r th ,

s u n, m o on , an d t p c tic d ti
a as or as e ev o on . T he sa m e a ll e
go r y or

my s ti ficati o n ch ct i z b th cc t
ara er es o a oun s .

S ee th e t y fD k h
s or c ific
o a s
’
a s sa r e at th e end of th e ch pt a er .

S evera l of the MS S . i p ct
ns e ed by m e have S wavarchal a and U ma .

T he Mdr ka fid ey a p um na , LIL, 9 , -
ha s Um a .

1 Lohi tdng a .

T he c mm t t o en a or s a y th t
s a Manoj av a i s a c ti
er a n w i nd Hanu
m at i s c ll d h w
a e ,
-
o Ani l atm aj a , Pavan at anay a , vay up u tra, &c
ev er, .
,
“
S on
of th e W i nd a nd Maru twat .

S om e MS S have S arga ; . and sohas the Mdr ka yi cl eya p um n a , , 1 1

’
-
LIL .

HT he Bom b y diti
a e o ns of the Bhag a va ta p u r a n a h ave Krat u dhwaj a
-
. .

Dhi , t iti U ,
’
a, U m a, Ni y u t, S ar
s an pi ,
Il a, Ambik a ,
Iravati , S u d ha,
a nd i
D ksha, the
'
Ru d rai i i s , are thy w v es , i R u d ra .

Vri t ti i s a v ar an i t , of c o mm o n occ urren e c , f or Dhri t i

’
.
“
Bas a om a l
a nd
“
S wadha are not fo u nd in an y MS . th t I a hav e s een . S ar ip m t us

i l te
h

be femi n ne . S arpi s wou d be n eu r

.
1 18
. Vi s mi wrU RANA .

war d s wa s th e d a u ghter o f H im av at (th e s n o wy m o u n t

ai n s) by Mon a a n d i n th a t ch ara ct er a s th e o n ly U m a th e
, , ,

m ighty B h av a a g a in m arri e d T h e d i v i n i ti e t atri

'

a nd Vi d h atri w ere b o rn t o Bh r1 g u by Kh y at i ; a s w a s a

d a u gh ter Sri th e wife o f N aray a n a,the god o f g o d s

, ,
.
2

MA I T RE YA It it c om m o n ly s ai d th at th e g o d d es s
.
-

Sri w a s b o rn fro m th e s e a o f m ilk wh en it w as ch u rn e d ,

.

f o r am b r o s i a Ho w th en can y o u s ay th at sh e wa s
.
,

th e d a u ght er o f Bhr1 g u by Khy ati ?

PA RAS A RA
'
— Sr1 th eb ri d e o f Vi sh n u the m o th er o f
.
'

, ,

t h e wo rld i s e t ern al im p eri sh abl e In lik e m an n e r a s

, ,
.

h e i s all p e rv a d i n g s o al s o i s sh e 0 b e s t o f B rah m an s
-
, , ,

o m n ip r es en t Vi sh n u i s m e ani n g ; sh e i s sp ee ch H ari
. .

i s p o lity ( N ay a ) ; sh e i s p r u d en c e ( Ni ti ) Vi s h n u i s .

u n d er st a n d i n g ; sh e i s i n t ell e ct He i s r ight eo u s n es s ; .

s h e i s d e v o ti o n H e i s th e crea t o r ; sh e i s cr ea ti o n
. .

slot i s th e e arth ; H ari th e s u pp o rt o f it T h e d eity i s ,

.

c o n t ent ; th e et ern al L ak sh m i i s resign ati o n He i s .

d e s i re ; Sri i s w i sh He i s s a crific e ; sh e i s s a crifici al .

d o n ati o n T h e g o d d e s s i s th e i nv o c ati o n
w hich att en d s th e o bl a ti o n y l J an ard an a i s th e o bl a ’

T he s ort y
bi th d m i g cc i th Si
of U ma s r an a rr a e o u rs n e va

P d i
ur a n a , th K asi K h i d
an f th S k d P
n it i
e al a o e an a ur a n a : s

no tic d b i fl y d with m
e r e i ti f m th P
, an i th so e va r a on ro e u ra n a s , n e

R am ay i fi t b k it i
ar a , l gi rs i d t il i th K m a
oo : s a so ve n , n e a ,
n e u ra

S mbha f K ali d a
av a o sa .

T h f m ily
2
e f Bh g i m
a p tic l ly d c ib d i th
o r1 u s o re ar u ar es r e n e

t th ch pt I t i h m ti d m ly t i t d c th t y
en a er . s er e en o ne er e o n ro u e e s or

of th bi th f th g d d
e r f po p ity S i e o es s o r os er ,
r .

S ee Origi na l S a nskri t T ex ts , ar ,
P t IV p 3 2 4 . . .

i c ti
1 For the nvo a on wh h a end s the
“
ic tt bl ti o a on read
“
the bl ti
o a on

of cl ifi b tt
ar ed u er aj y a ltu ti , not a y ahi i ti
j
'

.
1 20 E X T RA CT FROM T H E V A YU PU RAfi A

i s th e h o s t h eav en (D ev a s en a) ; th e d eity of war h er

of ,

l o rd i s H ari T h e w i el d er o f th e m a ce i s re s i st an c e ;
'

.
,

t h e p o w e r t o o pp o se i s Sri L ak sh m i i s th e Kashth a .

a n d th e K al a; H a r i th e N i m e sh a an d th e Mu hurt a
, .

L ak sh m i i s th e light ; an d H ari Wh o i s al l a n d l o rd of , ,
’

al l th e l am p
,
S h e t h e m o th er o f th e wo rl d i s th e
.
, ,

c reepi n g v i n e ; an d Vi sh n u th e t re e ro u n d which sh e ,

cli n g s S he i s th e n ight ; th e g o d wh o i s arm e d w ith

.

th e m a c e a n d di s c u s i s th e d ay H e th e b est o wer o f .
,

bl es s in g s i s th e b rid e g ro om ; th e l o t o s th ro n e d g o dd e s s
,
-

i s th e b r id e T h e g o d i s o n e w ith all m a l e th e g o d d e s s
.
,

o n e wi th al l fe m al e r i v er s T he l o t o s ey e d d e ity i s th e
, .
-

s t an d ar d th e g o dd e s s s e a t e d o n a l o t o s th e b an n e r
'

,
.

L ak s h m i i s c up i d ity ; N aray ar1 a th e m a s t er o f th e wo rl d '

, ,

i s c o v et o u s n e s s O th o u wh o k n o w e s t wh at right e o u s
.

ness i s G o v in d a i s l ov e ; an d L ak sh m i hi s g entl e
, ,
*
s p o u se i s pl e a s u re x l Bu t why th u s di ffu s ely e n a m e
,
'

ra t e th e i r p r e s en c e ? It i s e n o u gh t o s ay i n a w o r d , ,

th at o f g o d s a n im al s an d m en H ari i s al l th at i s c all e d
, , , ,

m al e ; L ak sh m i i s all th a t i s t erm e d fem al e Th e re i s .

n o thi n g el s e th an th ey .

SACRIFI CE O F D A K S HA .

( F ro m th e Vay u Par a n a .
)
Th ere wa s fo rm erly a p eak o f M er u n am e d sav itra
“
, ,

a bo u n d i n g with g em s ra d i a n t a s th e s u n a n d c el eb ra t e d
, ,

T he sa rc ific e of D ak s h a lg is a e e nd o f s o me i t n e re st f m ,
ro

i ts h i t ic l
s or a a nd a r ch aeo o l g ic l l ti
a re a o ns . It i s, o b vi ou s ly i t d d
,
n en e

T here i s thi
no ng , i n the MS S . I have s ee n, ans wer ng i to “
hi s g en tl e

s ou s e
p 1 Rag a ,
'
“
l ove r a ti ,
“
pl e as u re
 S A C R I F IC E OF D AK S HA . 1 21

th ro u gh o u t the thre e wo rld s ; of i m me n s e

'

xt ent d
'

e ,
an

d iffic u lt o f
cc e s s an d a n o bj e ct o f u n i v er s al v en e rati o n
a , .

Up o n th a t gl o r i o u s e m i n en c e rich w ith m i n eral t re a ,

s u re s a s u p o n a spl e n d i d c o u ch th e d e ity S i v a r e cli n e d

, , ,

a cc o m p an i e d by th e d au ght er o f th e so v ere ig n o f
m o u n t ai n s a n d a tt en d e d by th e m ighty A d ity a s th e
, ,

p ow erful Va s u s an d by th e h eav enly phy s ici an s th e , ,

to i ti m t
n t l b tw th w h ipp
a e a f Si
s r u gg e d f e e en e o rs ers o va an o

Vi hn i wh ich t fi t th l tt b t fi lly th f m
s u ,
n ,
a rs
,
e a er , u ,
na ,
e or er ,

a cq i d th c d cy I t i l
u re f
e a s en rit bj ct f H i d an . s, a so , a av o u e su e o n u

s c lpt u t l t with th H i d
u re ,
a f th S i a d i i iea s d e n us o e a v v s on ,
an

m k a c pic
es fig b th t El p h t d Ell
a o ns u ousA ur e o a e an a a n o ra . re

p t ti
re s e n a f th d ip i ond m til ti o f th g d d e s e rs o n an u a on o e o s an

sa g b yes V i b h d t th
. f m i prabli h d i th A h a ra ,
a e or e r, s u s e n e rc aeo

l gi V l VII 326 wh it i d c ib d th J d gm t f
o a ,
o . .
, ,
er e s es r e as e u en o

S l m ! A fig by Ni eb h V l
‘

o o onf V i bh d i gi u re o ra a ra s ven u r
,
o .

t b 1 0;
a . d th ti g p i th B mb y T
an cti
e en V l L re ro u ,
n e o a ra n s a on s , o .
,

p 220 I t i d c ib d p 2 29 b t M E k i h
. . s es r t ifi d e ,
. : u r . rs ne as no ve r e

th bj ct lth gh it c
e su e t d mit f d bt T h g p d
,
a ou a nn o a o ou . e ro u e

c ib d p 224 p b bly p
s r e ,
t th i t d ct y d t il g i
.
,
ro a re re s e n s e n ro u or e a s ven

in t x t O f th Ell
o ur e c lpt . t iki g cc i e o ra s u u re s ,
a s r n o ne o u rs n

wh t S i C M l t c ll th D
a r m L y . c wh
a e is V a s e oe ar e na av e , er e
“
e er

B dd u w ith i gh t h d
er ,
I i p d d th l i R j h
e an s . n o ne s su s en e e s a n a a

D ”u tz A R V l V I 3 96 A d th i l
. . . p ot ti . .
,
. n e re s a s o a re resen a on

o
‘ h B
f E d i r f th c l u d f K il
r
’
; b i g i
n on e o f ct e o o nna es o a as e n ,
n a ,

th m fig
e sa th t t El p h t B m b y T V l III 287
e u re a s a a e an a . o a r , . o . .
,
.

Th l g d f D k h
e e th f w p p l w h t h c
en o a s a, e re o r e , as o u ar en ose a v e rn

t m pl w
e x c t d T h t y i t l d i m ch m d t il
es er e e a va e . e s or s o n u o re e a

in s ev era l th P ana d w ith om i ti er wh ich w ill

ur s ,
an so e v ar a o ns ,

b e notic d b t th b h b e : l ct d u p ci m f th e a ove as een s e e e as a s e en o e

s tyl f th Vay Pe o d bi g
e ti which f m
u u ra n a ,
an as e n a n a rr a on ,
ro

it is ti fi i l
nar bc t t l g ic l c a d ci c m t ti l
,
o s ure ,
au o o a ,
an un r u s an a co n

t cti i p b bly f
s ru on , ci t d t T h m l g d i
s, ro a , o a n an en a e . e sa e e en ,
n

the s ame l
word s , i s giv e n i n t he B rahm a F urari a .
1 22 E XT RA C T F R O M T H E VAY U PU RAN A .

by Kubera s u rro u n d e d by hi s trai n

A s wi ni ;
ee
'

s o ns o f ,

o f Guh ak a s t h e l o r d o f th e Y a k s h a s w h o d well s o n
y , ,

K a il as a Th ere al s o wa s th e great M un i U s an a s : th ere

.
'

w e re R i shi s o f th e fi r st o r d er with S an atk u m ara at ,

th ei r h ea d ; d iv in e R i shi s p re c e d e d by A n gi ra s ; Vi s wa ,

v a s u w ith hi s ha n d s o f h e a v e nly ch o r i s t e r s ; th e s a g e s
,

N ar a d a an d Pa rv ata ; an d i nn u m e rabl e tro o p s o f ce

l e s ti al n y m ph s T h e b re ez e bl ew u p o n th e m o u nt ai n
.
,

bl an d p u re a n d fra g rant ; an d th e tree s were d e c o rat e d

, ,

w ith fl o w er s th at bl o ss o m e d i n ev ery s e as o n T he .

Vi d y adhara s a n d S id d h a s affl u e n t in d e vo ti o n wa it e d , ,

u p o n M ah ad ev a th e l o r d o f liv i n g cre at u re s rl a n d '

m an y o th e r b e i n g s o f v a r i o u s fo rm s d i d h i m h o m a g e , ,
.

R ak sh a s as o f t errific s em bl an c e an d P i s ach a s o f gre a t ,

'

s tre n gth o f d i ffe r en t sh a p es an d feat u r e s a rm e d w ith

, ,

v a ri o u s we a p o n s a n d bl a zi n g lik e fi r e w e re d elight e d
, ,

t o be p re s e n t a s t h e fo ll o wer s o f th e g o d T h ere s t o o d
, .

th e r o y a l N a n d i n 1 high i n th e fav o u r o f h i s l o r d arm e d

, ,

w ith a fi ery t rid e nt §shi n i n g w ith i nh ere n t l u s tre ; a n d ,

th ere th e b es t o f r iv ers G an g a the a s sem bl a g e o f al l

-

, ,

h o ly w at er s “st o o d a d ori n g th e m ighty d e ity Th u s

,
.

w o rs hipp e d by all th e m o s t ex c ell en t o f s a g es an d O f

‘
g o d s ab o d e th e om n ip o t e nt a n d all gl o ri o u s ll Mah ad ev a
,
-
.

In fo rm e r ti m e s D ak s h a c o m m e n c e d a h o ly s a cr i
fi ce on th e s i d e o f H i m av at at th e s a cr e d sp o t G an g a ,

In thei gi l V i or na ,
'
a s rav ai i a .
'

1 P s p ti
'
a u th l d f c ifici l
a : ra er,
“
or o sa r a an im la s and s o in p 1 2 5, . l . 3 .

I I th S
n k it N d i éw
e ans r ,
an ara .

S il t
’
pi k
a ,
d wh a e an so erever
“
t id t
r en o cc u rs i n the p res en t
ex t t f m th Vay p
rac ro e u- u ra na .

IIT h m lit l d i g w ld b era re n er n

“
i i gf rom the wa t e r of al l ho ly
t m m
e ore ou e r s n

pl ace s it t s u a e o n s rea s m
fl] I t d f m ip t t d l l gl i d ii bhagava t
“ “
ns ea o o n o en an a -
or ous read v ne .
 E XT RA C T F R O M T H E VA YU PU RA NA .

B eh oldin g th em th u s g e D a d h i ch a a s se m bl e d , th e sa
‘
w a s fill e d w ith i n dig n ati o n a n d o b s erv e d : T h e m a n ,

wh o w o rs hip s wh at O u gh t n o t t o be W o r s hipp e d o r ,

p a y s n o t rev eren c e wh ere v en era ti o n i s d u e i s g u ilty , ,

m o s t a s s ure d ly o f h e i n o u s s i n Th en , a ddre s s i ng ’
, .

‘
D ak s ha, h e s a id t o hi m : Why d o y o u n o t O ff er h om ag e
t o th e g o d wh o i s th e l o r d o f life
D ak sh a sp ak e : I h av e al rea dy m any R u d ra s p res ent
‘
,

a rm e d w ith t r i d en t s we ari n g b ra id e d h a i r a n d ex i s ti n g
, ,

i n el ev e n fo rm s I re c o gn iz e n o o th er M ah ad ev a
. .
’

‘
D a d hi ch a sp ak e : T h e i n v o c ati o n th a t i s n o t a dd re s s e d t o
Is a i s f o r al l but a s o lit ary (an d im p erfe ct) su mm o n s
’

, , .

I n a sm u ch a s I b eh ol d n o o th er d iv in ity wh o i s s u p eri o r
t o S a nk a ra th i s s a crifi c e o f D a k sh a w ill n o t be c o m
,

p l eted
“
? D a k s h a s p ak e :
‘
I o ffe r i n a g o l d e n c u
p t h i s , ,

e n ti re o bl a ti o n which h a s b e e n c o n s e c ra t e d by m an y
,

p ray er s a s a n O ff erin g ev er d ue t o th e u n e q u all e d

,

Vi sh n u 1 th e s o v ereign l o rd o f al l
, .

T he Ka m P
i l th i d i c i
r a u ra n a
g ves a so s s u ss o n b tw
e ee n

D d hi h
a cd D k h ;
a d th i d i l g
an c ti a s a an e r a o ue o n a ns s o m e c iu r o us

m tt
a D k h f i t c t t th t
er . a s p ti
a, or ns a n e , s a es a no or on o f a sa r c ific e

i ll tt d t Si
s eve r a do p y
e d i ct d t
o va , a n no ra e rs a r e re e o be a d d re s

sed t hi m o t hi b i d ,
or o s r e

R th
a er,
“
the g u ard i a n of im l
an a s fit for sa rc ific e

“
1 W W W 3 W W : I

w as nwe
{ fi i m at um fi r 2a m I -
e

For the e
w m f a fi s fi a nfi wfi l
t xt f m th M habha t f p g n ly i d ntic l
ro e
m a ra a o a ass a e e ar e a
, ,

it th t i
w h a n wh h ic th es e v ers es cc
o ur , a cc mp i
o an ed
by a v er y di ff ere n t
d i g f
re n er n rom t h t gi
a v en b
a ove , s ee Or ig i na l S a nskr i t T ex ts , P tar IV
pp . 3 1 4, et s e
g .

T he e
pith t e ma kkesa , “
l ord of s a r c ific e i s here om itt ed .
 S A C R I F IC E OE D AK S HA . 1 25

“
In the m e anwhil e th e i t
v r uo us d a ught er of th e
m o u n tai n ki n g O b s e rv i n g th e d ep art u re o f th e d iv i n i
,

ti e s a d d re s s e d h er l o rd th e g o d o f liv i n g b e i n g s a n d
— —
, , ,

sai d U m a s p ak e ‘
Whith er O l o rd h av e th e g o d s , , ,

p re c e d e d by I n dra thi s d ay d ep art e d ? T ell m e truly , ,

W fs afi fl a mm 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
2

5 1 11
1

a nm m ma m 1 11 1
D a dhi c ha a pp ar e n tly e va d e s th e 0 bj e c ti o n , . cl i m h f
and a s a s are or

R u d ra
,
c ti g f th t i d
o ns i s n o e r a of g o d s, as o new ith th wh e s un, o

is ,
un d ou bt d ly hy m d by
e ,
ne th e s evera l mi i t i g p i t f
n s er n r es s o

t he V edas :

( g 11 m 11
D a k sha re pli es th t a th e tw el v e Ad itya s ci
r e e ve s p ci l bl ti
e a o a ons ;
t h t th y
a e a r e al l th e s u ns ; a n d th t h k a e n o w s o f n o o th e i . T he
M i wh
un s , o o v e rh e ar th e di p t
s c c i
u e, o n ur n hi s sen ti m t en s

1 1 1 11 1
y a fi w ‘
w fi m zl
m
fi fi i fi fi m a a fi rfawfi ( fa : 11

awf m g a sez
—
1 1 1 1 131 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 : “ 1 1 11 3 1 11 1 51 1 1
ar 1 1 1 1 1 m am amfi mz
1 .

Th ti
es e no m t h
o ns b s eex ch g d f th o av e e en e an e or o e rs ,

d y f th P d m P an d B h ag t ; th y pl c D k h ‘
’
a s o e ur a an ava a as e a e a s a s

—
a a

ne
g l ct e f S i to t h l tt va filt h y p octic hi g i g
e a k d
er s
’
ra es , .
s o n na e ,

sm i g h i m l f with h c yi g k ll d b h i g i f
e ar n se as es , a rr n a s u ,
an e av n as

h w e d er e k c z d ; ll d i g
ru n or d bt t th p ctic f
ra e a u n ,
no ou ,
o e ra es o

Si a vam d ic t en wh m t h
an s ,
b d d i th d ay f o see o ave a ou n e n e s o

S k an Ach a y
a ra d i c Th i
r a, di c
an i i th Bhas n e . er e s no s u ss o n n e

g t
av a a
; b t R d i d
u c ib d u p ra t t f
s m m
es r bly e as r e s en a a or er a s s e ,

wh h i f th
en si l w c a d hi m b f
e r- n - a th g e t d
en s u r e e o re e u s s ,
an ,
In

c q c h d p t di
o ns e u en e ,
g e H i ef ll w
ar e N d i i c n a ra e . s o o er an n u rs e s

th c m p
e o y ; d Bhi i g t t i l g g d c ipti f th
an an
‘
u re o r s n an ua e es r ve o e

V am a h i c l ft h d w hipp
a r ns o r ef Si M y an l l t h ” o rs er s o va
“
a a ose
.
,

’
or i gi l na .

r Nandi s wara
J
.
1 26 E XT RA C T F R O M T HE V A YU PU R ARA .

O th o u who kn owest al l tr u th ; f o r a gre at d o u bt p er

.

p l e x e s me M ah e s wara s p ak e :
.
‘
I ll u s t ri o u s
g o d d
'

e s s ,

th e e x c ell en t p atri arch D ak sh a c el eb rat e s th e s a crific e

o f a h orse ; a n d thith er th e g o d s rep a i r D ev i s p a k e : .
’

‘
Why th en m o s t m ighty g o d d o s t th e n al s o n o t p ro
, , ,

c e e d t o thi s s o l em n ity ? B y wh at hin d eran c e i s thy

‘
p ro g re ss thith er i m p e d e d ? Mah e sw ara sp ak e : Thi s ’ '

i s th e c o n triv a n c e m igh ty q u e en o f al l th e g o d s th a t
, , , ,

i n al l sa crifice s n o p o r ti o n s h o u ld be a s s ig n e d t o m e
,
.

In c o n s e q u en c e o f a n arra n g e m en t fo rm erly d ev i s e d ,

th e g o d s al l o w m e o f right n o p articip ati o n o f s a c rifici al

, ,

o ff e ri n g s D ev i sp ak e : T he l o rd g o d liv e s i n al l b o d ily
.
‘ ’

*
fo rm s ; a n d h is m ight i s e m i n en t th ro u gh hi s s u p eri o r
fa c ulti e s He i s u n s u rp a s s abl e he i s u n app ro a ch abl e i n
.
, ,

s pl e n d o u r an d gl o r y a n d p o w e r T h at s u ch a s h e s h o u l d .

be ex cl u d e d from h i s sh a re o f o bl ati on s fill s m e w ith

d eep s orr ow ; a n d a trem bli n g O s i n l e s s se iz e s u p o n , ,

he s ay s yl
‘ “
wh o ad o pt t he w o rs h ip of B hava ( Si va) ,
al l th os e

who fo ll ow th e p a ctic es
ipp b c m h tic r d of h i s w o rsh e rs , e o e e re s , an

Opp g u f h ly d ct i
n er s M y th yo
g l ct th Ob o c o r n es . a e ne e e s e r va n e s

o f p ific ti
ur ; m y th y b
a f i fi m i t ll ct
on w i g cl tt d
a e e o n r n e e s ,
ea r n o e

h i a r,d anm ti g th m l wit h

o rna h d b ; d m y
en n e s e v es as es a n o n es an a

th y t th S i i iti ti i wh ich pi it
e e n er e liq i th
a va n a on ,
n s r u o us uor s e

lib ti
a
” on .

P f ro es s or W il d btl
s on ou es s t the MS S wh h
. ic I
c lt gi fi g —
have o ns u ed ve ,

1
:
Bhag a va ta p u r n a , IV , 2 , 2 8 2 9
-
a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1
1 1 1 1 3 1 11 1 :

Th i p
s as sa
ge w ill be f ou nd t lt
rans a ed i n Orig ina l S anskr it T ex ts,
P t ar IV , p
. . 32 1 .
1 28 E XT RA CT F R O M T H E VA YU PU R A NA .

with Mah en d ra an d al l the three w o rld s u tt erly co n ,

fo u n d e d In m y s a crific e th o se wh o wo rship m e r ep eat

.
,

m y p ra i s e s an d ch ant th e Rath a n t ara s o n g o f th e S am a

,

V ed a M y p ri e s t s w o r ship m e i n th e s a crific e O f t r u e
.

wi s d o m wh er e n o O ffici a ti n g B rah m a n i s ne e d ed ; a n d
, ,

i n thi s th ey O ffer m e my p o rti o n ‘

, D ev i s p a k e : T h e .

l or d i s th e ro o t O f all y l an d a ss ured ly i n ev ery a s s em '

, ,

bl a g e o f th e fem al e w o rl d p ra i s e s o r hid e s him s elf at ,

will .
’
M ah ad ev a sp ak e : Qu e e n o f th e g o d s I p rai s e
‘
,

n o t m y s elf App ro a ch a n d b eh o l d w h o m I sh a ll cre a t e

.
,

f or th e p u rp o se O f cl ai m i n g m y s h are o f th e rite
’
.

H av in g th u s sp o k en t o hi s b el o v e d sp o u s e th e ,

m ighty Ma h e swara cre at e d fro m hi s m o u th a b ei n g , ,

lik e th e fire o f fate ; I a div i n e b e i n g w ith a tho u san d ,

h e a d s a th o u s an d ey e s a th o u s an d feet ; wi eldi n g a
, ,

th o u s an d cl u b s a th o u s an d sh aft s ; h o ldi n g th e sh ell

, ,

t h e d i s c u s th e m a c e an d b e ari n g a bl azi n
,
g bo w a n d
,

b attl e ax e ; §fi erc e an d t err ific shi ni n g w ith drea d fu l

-
,

s pl e n d o u r an d d e c o r at e d with th e cr e s c e n t m o o n ;
,
’
cl o th e d i n a tig er s ski n d rippi n g with bl o o d h av in g a ,

c ap a ci o u s st o m a ch a n d a v a s t m o u th arm e d with fo r
,

m i d abl e t u s k s Hi s e a rs we re ere ct ; h i s lip s w ere p en

.

d u l o u s ; hi s t o n g u e w as light n i n g ; h i s h a n d b ra n di sh e d
th e th u n d er b o lt ; fl am e s s t r e am e d fr o m hi s h a i r ; a
n e ckl a c e o f p e arl s w o u n d r o u n d h i s n e ck ; a g arl an d O f

fl am e d es ce n d e d o n h i s b r e as t R adi a n t w ith l u s tre .

,

he l o o k e d lik e th e fi n a l fi re th at c o n s u m e s th e world .

F o u r trem en d ou s t u sk s p roj e cte d fro m a m o u th which

S ee Orig i na l S a ns kri t T ex ts, P t IV p

ar .
,
. 31 6 , t
no e 28 1 .

1 S up rdkr‘
i ta .

Kal agni . S om e MS S . have A

r odhdgni ,
“
the fire of t
wra h
Ad d “
s word
” as i .
,
 S AC R I F IC E OF D AK S HA . 1 29

e xten d e d from e ar to e ar .
“

He wa s O f va st b u lk , va s t
t
s re n gth ,
a mighty m al e l o r d th e d es tro y e r o f th e
an d ,

u n i v ers e an d lik e a l arg e fi g t re e i n ci r c u m fer en c e ;

“

-
,

S hi n i n g lik e a h u n d r e d m o o n s a t o n c e ; fi er c e a s t h e

fire o f l o v e ; h a v i n g fo ur h e a d s sh arp whit e t e e th a n d , ,

o f m ighty fi e r cen e s s v ig o u r a cti v ity ,

an d c o u ra g e ; , ,

gl o w i n g wit h th e bl a z e O f a th o u s a n d fi ery s u n s at th e
en d o f th e w o rld ; lik e a th o u s a n d u n di m m e d m o o n s ;

i n b u lk lik e H i m ad ri K a il as a or S u m era o r M a n d a ra
, , , , ,

w ith al l it s gl e a m i n g h erb s ; b r igh t a s th e s u n o f d e

s t r u cti o n at t h e e n d O f a g e s ; o f i rr es i s ti bl e p ro w e s s

an d b e a u tifu l as p e ct ; i ra s cibl e w ith l o we ri n g ey e s a n d , ,

a c o u n t en a n c e b u rn i n g lik e fi re ; cl o th e d i n th e h i d e o f
“

th e e l eph a n t a n d li o n an d gi rt r o u n d with s n ak e s ;
,

We arin g a t urb an o n h i s h ea d a m o o n o n h i s b r o w ; ,

s o m e ti m e s s a v a g e s o m e ti m e s m i ld ; h av i n g a ch a pl e t
,

o f m a n y fl o wer s o n h i s h e a d
. a n o i n t e d with v a r i o u s ,

u n g u e n t s a d o rn e d wit h d i ff e r e n t o rn a m e n t s a n d m a n y
,

s ort s O f j ewel s w eari n g a g arl a n d o f h e av e nly K ar n i

,

k ara fl o w e rs an d ro lli n g h i s e y e s with ra g e S o m etim e s

,
.

h e d a n c e d ; s o m e ti m e s h e l a u gh e d a l o u d ; s o m eti m e s
h e st o o d w rapt i n m e dit ati o n ; s o m e ti m e s h e t ra m pl e d
u p o n th e e a rth ; s o m e ti m e s h e s a n g ; s o m eti m es h e

w ept rep e a t e d ly A n d h e w a s e n d o w e d w ith t h e f a c u l

.

ti e s O f wi s d o m d i sp a s s i o n p o wer p en a n c e t ru th en
d ura n c e fo rtit u d e d o m i n i o n a n d s elf—
, , , , ,

, ,
k n o wl e d g e ,
.

T h i s b e i n g th en k n elt d o wn u p o n th e g ro u n d an d , ,

r a i s i n g h i s h an d s r e s p e ctfu lly t o h i s h e a d said to

‘

,
‘
M ah ad ev a : S o v e reig n O f th e g o d s c o m m a n d wh at it ,

the
T he
a
igi l i th MS S k
usa
or

ve
na

cc ti T h t i t y th.
,

a
n

s
e

o sa
.

,
no wn

ere is
to m e , i s
no men ti
on
W of
“
fl
th e
m
l ph t
e e
,

an
in
1 30 E X T RA C T F R O M T HE V A YU FU R ARA .

is th a t I th e e ; to w hich Mah e s wara r e

m u st d o f o r
’ '

pli e d : S p o il th e s a crifi c e O f D ak s h a T h en th e m igh ty

‘
.
’

Vi rabh a d ra h av in g h e a r d t h e pl ea s u re O f h i s l o rd
“

, ,

b o w e d d o wn hi s h ea d t o th e feet o f and ,

s t a rti n g l ik e a l i o n l o o s e d fr o m b o n d s d es p o il e d t he
-

s a c r ific e o f D a k s h a ; k n o w i n g th a t h e h a d b e en c r e a t e d

by th e d i spl e a s u re O f D ev i S h e t O O i n h er w rath a s .
, , ,

th e fe a rfu l g o d d es s Ru d rak al i a cc o m p a n i e d h i m , w ith ,

a ll h e r t ra i n t o w it n e s s h i s d ee d s
, Vi rabh a d ra th e .
,

fi erc e a bi d i n g i n th e re gi o n O f gh o s t s i s th e m i n i s ter
, ,

O f th e an g e r O f D e v i A n d h e th en crea t e d fro m th e .
,

p o res o f hi s S kin p o werful d e m ig o d s ? th e m igh ty

, ,

a tt e n d a n t s u p o n R u d ra O f e q u al v al o u r an d stren gth , ,

wh o s t a rt e d by h u n d r e d s a n d th o u s a n d s i n t o ex i s t e n c e
, ,
.

T h e n a l o u d a n d c o n fu se d cl am o u r fill e d a l l t h e ex
p a n se O f e th er a n d i n spi re d th e d en iz en s o f h eav e n
,

wi th d re a d T h e m o u n t a i n s t o tt ere d a n d e a rth sh o o k ;
.
,

t h e wi n d s r o a r e d an d th e d epth s O f th e s e a w e re d i s
,

t u rbe d ; th e fi r es l o s t th e i r ra di a n c e a n d th e s u n g r ew ,

p al e ; th e pl a n et s o f th e fi rm a m e nt s h o n e n o t n e ith e r ,

d i d th e s t a rs gi v e ligh t ; th e R i s hi s c e a s e d th e i r hy m n s ,

a n d g o d s a n d d e m o n s we r e m u t e a n d th ick d ark n e s s
:

cl i s e d th e c h a ri o t s o f t h e s ki es
p
Th en fro m th e gl o o m em erg e d fe arfu l a n d n u m er
.

o u s fo rm s s h o u ti n g th e cr o f b a ttl e ; w h o i n s t a n tly
, y

T h e d es c ipti
r on Of V i ra bh a d ra a nd hi s fo ll o we rs is g i ve n in
o th P
er u ra n a s , i n th e s a m e s ra n , t i bu t w h it l e ss de t ila .

In th e ori gi l U map ti
na , a .

T T he i gi l c ll th m B au m a s

w
or na a s e

fitsg a f m 51 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
“

H b t
e re a o u s t he t ra ns a l ti on is om wh t f
s e a ree .
1 32 E X T RA C T F R O M T H E vAYU FURANA .

c ut O ff hi s
t h ea d after he ha d m o u n te d i nt o th e
v as ,

sk
y D a k sh a
.
1
t h e p a t ri ar ch hi s sa c rific e be i n g d e
, ,

s tro y e d o v e r c o m e with t e rr o r
, a n d u t t e rly b ro k e n i n ,

s pi rit fell th e n u p o n th e g ro u n d wh e r e hi s h e a d w a s
, , , ,

s p u rn e d by th e feet o f th e c r u el Vi rabha d ra
2
T he .

*
thi rty s c ores o f s a cr e d di v i n iti es were all p res en tly

T hi ti d i th Li g d i th H i V m
s is a sol m en on e n e n a an n e ar a sa :

an d th l tt th cc t f th i g i f th c t ll ti
e a er us a oun s or e or n o e o ns e a on

M g ri ; Y j wi th th h d f
a S Ira s d b i g l t d t th
a na , e ea o a e e r, e n e eva e o e

pl t y g i by B hm a
a n e ar re on, ra .

A h p y t Si
2
s p tly it c l d t w ll h m t
e ra s o va re s en ,
ou no e e ea n ,

h ere th t D k h w d c pit t d lth gh th t i th t y i

,
a a s a as e a a e ,
a ou a s e s or n

o th pl c er T h Li g d B hag
a es t b th t t th t Vi
. e n a an ava a o s a e a ra

bh d a t ff D k h
ra h dcu d t h w it i t th fi
O a A ft r s a s
’
ea ,
an re n o e re . e

th f y th
e f
ra wh Si t d th d d t li f
ere o r e d th en va r e s o re e ea o e an e

t f th c m
, ,

m til t d t th i li m b D kh h d w i g It ’
u a e o e r s, a s a s ea a s no or o n .

w as th f ,
pl c d by th h d f g t
e re o re ,
cc d i g t
re a e e ea o a oa ,
or, a or n o

th eK aSi K h i d th t f m N tic i t k i
ar a ,
a o a ra . o no e s a en ,
n our

t x t f th c fl ict l wh d c ib d b tw V i bh d
e ,
o e on d e se er e es r e e e en ra a ra an

Vi h n I th L i g th l tt i b h d d ; d hi h d i
s u . n e n a ,
e a er s e ea e an s ea s

bl w by th wi d i t th fi
o n, T h Ka m e th gh S i n ,
n o e re . e r a ,
ou a a va

P u ra n ai l i t t w d Vi hn
,
s essd ft d c ibi g
rre v e re n o ar s s u , an ,
a er es r n

a c t t i wh ich b th p ti
o n es cc i lly p il m k
n o ar es o a s o na r e va ,
a es

B hma i t p p t th c mb t t T h Ka i '

ra d n er ose ,
an se a ra e e o a an s . e s

Kh i d ai f th S k d F ai d c ib
a o Vi hn d f t d d
e an a ur r a es r es s u as e ea e
,
an

a t th m c y f V i bh d
e wh i p h ibit d by
er o ic f m ra a ra ,
o s ro e ,
a vo e ro

h f om d t yi g hi
e a ve n , t g i t ; whil t i th H i V
r e s ro n s an a on s s ,
n e ar
'

a ni s a ,
'

Vi h i
s c mp l Si t fl y ft t k i g hi m by th th t d
ru o e s va o ,
a er
“

a n e ro a an

n ear ly t gli g hi m T h bl ck
s ran f Si nck f m . e a ne s s o va s n e
’
a ros e ro

th i th ttli g d t
s ro l wh d c ib d f m hi d i k i g
n ,
an no ,
as e se ere es r e ,
ro s r n n

th ep i p d c d t th ch i g f th c
o son ro u e a e u rn n o e o ean .

“
T hree h u nd re d a nd thi ty m illi
r o ns T he or i gi l na is

W m fi1 1 1e1fi
1 11 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 ”
a rm
w 1 1 11 11 1 1
5
s 1 1 11
 S A C R I F IC E OF D AK S HA . 1 33

b o u n d with a b a n d O f fire , by th ei r li o n l ik e f o e ; a n d
,
-

th ey al l th e n a d d re s s e d him cryin g : O R u d ra h av e
‘
, ,

m er cy u p o n thy s erv an t s ! 0 l o rd d i s m i s s th i n e a n g er ! ,

Th u s sp ak e B rahm a an d th e o th er g o d s an d th e p a
, ,

tri arch D ak sh a ; an d rai s i ng th e ir h an d s th ey s a i d :

, ,

‘
D e cl are m ighty b ei n g wh o th o u art Vi rabha d ra
, , .
’

s a id :
‘
I am n o t a go d n o r an A d ity a ; n or a m I c om e
,

hith er f o r enj oy m en t n o r cu ri o u s t o b eh o ld th e chi efs

,

O f the d iv initi e s K n o w th at I am c om e to d estro y

.

th e s a cr ifi c e o f D ak sh a a n d th a t I am c all e d Vi ra bh a
,

d ra t h e i ss u e o f th e wra th O f R u d ra Bh a d rak al i al s o ,
,
.
,

wh o h a s sp ru n g fro m th e a n g er O f D ev i i s s en t h ere by
,

, ,

th e g o d O f g o d s t o d e s t ro y thi s r it e T a k e r efu g e ki n g
,
.
,

O f king s w i th him wh o i s th e l o rd O f U m a For b etter

,
‘

i s th e a ng er O f R u d ra th an th e bl es s i n g s O f o th er g o d s
’
.

“
H av i n g h ea rd th e wo rd s O f Vi rabha d ra the right ,

e o n s D a k sh a p r opiti a t e d t he m ighty g o d th e h o l d er ,

Mah e s wara T h e h e arth O f s a cr ific e

'

o f th e t r i d e n t ,
.
,

d e s ert e d by th e B rah m a n s h a d b ee n c o n s u m e d ; Y aj n a
,

h a d b e en m et a m o rph o s e d t o a n a n t el o p e ; th e fi res O f
R u d ra s wra th h ad b e en ki n dl e d ; th e att en d ant s
’
,

w o u n d e d by th e t ri d en t s O f th e s er v a nt s O f th e g o d ,

were g ro an i n g with p a i n ; th e pi e c e s O f the u p r o o t e d

s a c rifici a l p o s t s w e r e s c a tt e r e d h er e a n d th er e ; a n d

th e fra g m ent s O f th e m e at o ffe ri n g s were c arr i e d O ff -

by flight s O f h u ngry v u lt u re s an d h er d s O f h owlin g

j a ck al s S u pp r ess i n g hi s v ital a i rs a n d taki n g u p a
. .

p o st u re O f m e d itati o n th e m any s ight e d v ict o r o f hi s

,
-

fo es D ak s h a fi x e d hi s ey e s ev eryw h ere u p o n hi s
, ,
“

th o u gh t s Th en th e go d o f g o d s a pp eare d fro m th e
.

alt a r re spl e n d en t a s a th o u s a n d s u n s a n d s m il e d u p o n
, ,
‘
hi m an d s a id : Dak sh a th y s a crifi ce has b een d estroy e d
, ,
1 34 E XT RA C T F R O M T H E v AY U PU RANA .

th ro u gh s a cre d k n o wl e dg e I a m W ell pl e a s e d w ith .

‘
th e e A n d th en h e sm il e d a g a i n an d s a i d : Wh at s h all
.
’
,

I d o f or th e e ? D e cl are t o g eth er w ith th e p re c ept or ,

o f th e g o d s .

“
Th enD ak sh a fright en e d al arm e d an d a git ate d
, , , ,

h i s ey es s u ffu s e d w ith t e a rs r a i se d hi s h an d s r ev e rem ,

t i al l y t o h i s b ro w a n d s a i d : I f l o r d th o u a rt pl e a s e d
‘ :

, , ,

if I h av e fo u n d fav o ur i n t hy s ight ; if I a m t o be th e
o bj e ct o f th b en ev o l en c e ; if th o u w ilt c o n fer u p o n
y
m e a b o o n thi s i s th e bl e s s i n g I s o licit th at al l th es e
, ,

p ro v i s i o n s f or th e s ol em n s a crific e which h av e b e en ,

c o ll e ct e d w ith m u ch tr o ubl e an d d u ri n g a l On g ti m e ,

a n d which h av e n o w b e e n e a t e n d r u n k d ev o u r e d , , ,

b urnt b ro k en s c att ere d ab ro a d m ay n o t h av e b een

, , ,

p r ep ar e d i n v a i n S O l e t it be r epli e d H ara th e s u b
‘
.
’ ’
, ,

d u er O f I n d ra A n d th ere u p o n D a k sh a k n elt d o w n
.

u p o n t h e e a rth a n d p ra i se d ,
g rat efu lly th e a u th or O f , ,

r ight e o u s n e s s th e th r ee e y e d o d M ah ad e v a r e p e ati n g
g
-
, ,

th e e ight th o u s an d n am e s O f th e d eity wh o s e e m bl e m
i s a b u ll .

Bhag anetra i s here u s ed , i n th e S a nskr it , f or “

I n d ra S ee the
articl e GEE ] ? in P f ro es sor W il ’
s on s S a nskri t D i cti ona ry .
1 36 V S I H NU PU RAHA .

b o wi n g t o h i m rev er enti ally i m m e d i at ely p re s en t ed ,

it t o h im H e a s on e fran tic pl a c e d th e ch apl et u p o n

.
, ,
-

h i s b ro w a n d th u s d e c orat e d r es u m e d h i s p ath ; w h en
, , ,
-

he b eh el d (I n d r a) th e h u sb a n d o f S a chi t he r ul er o f ,

th e th r ee wo rld s a pp r o a ch s e a te d o n hi s i n furi at e d
, ,

e l ep h a n t Ai r av a t a a n d a tten d e d by th e g o d s
, , T he .

p h r e n s i e d s a g e takin g fro m hi s h e a d th e g arl an d o f

,

fl owers am id st w hich th e b ee s c oll e ct e d am b ro s i a

, ,

th rew it t o th e ki n g o f th e g o d s wh o c au ght it a n d , ,

s u s p en d e d it o n th e b r o w o f A i r av a t a w h er e it sh o n e ,

lik e th e r iv er J ah n av i glitt erin g o n th e d ark s u mm it

,

o f th e m o un t a i n K a il as a T h e e l eph an t wh o se e y es
“

.
,

w e r e d im w ith i n eb r i ety a n d a tt ra ct e d by th e s m ell , ,

t o o k h o l d o f th e g arl a n d w ith hi s tr u n k a n d c a s t it o n ,

th e e a rth Th a t ch i ef o f s a g e s D u rv as a s wa s highly
.
, ,

i n c en s e d a t thi s d i s re s p e ctfu l tre atm ent o f hi s gift an d ,

th u s a n g rily a d d re s s e d th e s o v er eig n o f th e i m m o rtal s :

“
I n fl at e d w ith th e in t o x icati o n of p o wer V asav a, ,

v il e o f spi r it th o u a rt an i d i o t n ot t o r e sp e ct th e g a r
,

l a n d I p res ent e d t o t h e e which wa s th e dw ellin g O f ,

F o rt u n e ( Sri ) Th o u h a s t no t a ck n o wl e d g e d it a s a
.

l a rg e s s ; th o u h a s t n o t b o w e d thy s elf b efo re m e ; th o u

h a s t n o t pl a c e d th e wr e ath u p o n th y h e a d with thy ,

c o u n ten a n c e ex p a n d i n g w ith d elight N o w fo o l f o r .

, ,

th at th o u h a st n o t i n fi n it ely p riz e d th e g arl a n d th a t I

g av e th ee thy s ov erei g n i ty O y er th e thre e wo rld s S h all
,

be s u b v e rt e d Th o u c o n f o u n d e st m e S ak ra with o th er
.
, ,

B rah m a n s ; an d h e nc e I h a ve s uffere d di sresp e ct fro m

T he or i gi l na is s i mply
 B OO K I C HAP .
,
. 1x . 1 37

thy a rro g an c e Bu t i n like m a n n er a s th o u h a s t c a s t

.
,

th e g a rl a n d I g a v e th ee d o w n o n th e g r o u n d S O s h all ,

thy d o m i n i o n o v e r th e u n i v e rs e be wh el m e d i n r u i n .

Th o u h a s t o ff en d e d o n e wh o s e wrath i s d rea d e d by
a ll c re at e d thi n g s ki n g o f th e g o d s e v e n m e by thi n e
, , ,
”
ex c e s s i v e p ri d e .

D e s c en din g ha stily fro m hi s el ep h ant M ah en d ra ,

e n d e av o u r e d t o a pp e a s e t h e s i n l es s D u rv as a s Bu t t o .
,

th e e x c u s e s an d p r o s t rati o n s o f th e th o u san d ey e d th e -
,

M u n i an swere d : I am n o t O f a c o m p a s s i o n at e h e art
“
,

n o r i s fo r giv en e ss c o n g e n i a l t o m n a t ure O th er M u n i s
y .

m ay re l en t ; but k n o w m e S ak ra t o be D u rv as as T h o u
, ,
.

h a s t i n v ai n b e en r en d ere d i n s ol en t by Ga u t a m a a n d
o th e rs ; f o r k n o w m e I n d ra to be D urv as a s wh o s e
, , ,

n a t u r e i s a s tra n g er t o r e m o r s e Th o u h a st b e en fl at .

tore d by Va s i shth a an d o th er t en d er h eart e d s ai nt s -

,

w h o s e l o u d p ra i s e s h av e m a d e th e e S O a rro g an t th a t
th o u h a st i n s u lte d m e Bu t wh o i s th ere i n th e u ni
.

v e r s e th a t c a n b e h o l d m c o u n t e n an c e d ar k w ith
y n
,

fro w n s a n d s urro u n d ed by m y bl a zi n g h a i r an d n o t
, ,

t rem bl e ? Wha t n ee d o f wo r d s ? I will n o t fo rgiv e

w h a t ev er s em bl a n c e O f h u m ility th o u m ay e s t a s su m e .

H av in g th u s sp ok en th e B rah m an wen t hi s way

,

a n d t h e ki n g O f th e g o d s r em o u n ti n g h i s e l ep h a n t
, ,

r e t urn e d t o h i s c apit a l Am ar av ati ,

Th en c eforward .
,

M a itre y a th e th re e w o rl d s a n d S ak r a l os t th e ir v ig o u r ;
,

and a l l v e g e t abl e p ro d u ct s pl an t s an d h erb s were

“

, ,

w ith ere d a n d di ed ; s a c r ific e s we re n o l o n g er O ff ere d ;

d ev o u t ex er ci s es n o l o n g er p r a cti s e d ; m en w e re n o
m o re a d d ict e d to ch arity o r a ny m o ral o r religi o u s ,

S ee Or igi na l S ans kri t T ex ts, Part I , .

. p , 95, no et .
1 38 VIS HRU PU RANA .

1
o blig ati o n ; al l b e i n g s b e c am e d ev o i d o f s te a di n e s s ;
al l th e fa c u lti es o f s e n se we r e O b s tr u ct e d by c u pi d ity ;

a n d m en s d e s i r es w ere ex cit e d by fri v o l o u s O bj e ct s

’
.

W h ere th ere i s en er gy th ere i s p ro sp erity ; a n d u p o n

p r o sp erity en e rgy d ep en d s Ho w c an th o s e a b an d o n e d .
”

by p ro sp erity be p o s s e s s e d O f en ergy ? A n d w ith o u t

e n er gy wh er e i s e x c ell e n c e ? W ith o u t e x c ell e n c e th e r e

c a n be n o v ig o u r or h e r o i s m a m o n g s t m e n H e wh o .

h a s n e ith e r c o u ra g e n o r s t re n gth will be s p u rn e d by

al l ; a n d h e w h o i s u n i v e r s a lly t re at e d w ith di s gra c e
m u s t s u ffer ab a s e m en t o f h i s i nt ell ect u al fa c u lti es .

T h e th re e r e gi o n s be i n g th u s wh olly di v e s t e d o f
p ro sp e rity a n d d ep ri v e d O f en er gy th e D an a v a s an d
, ,
'

s o n s O f D iti th e e n em i e s O f th e g o d s wh o w er e i n
, ,

c a p abl e O f st ea d in e ss an d a git ate d by am biti o n p u t

, ,

fo rth th e i r s t re n gth a g ai n st th e g o d s Th ey e n ga g e d .

i n w ar w it h th e feebl e an d u n fo rt u n at e d i v i niti e s ; a n d
I n d ra a n d th e re s t b ein g o v er c o m e i n fight fl ed f o r
, , ,

r efu g e t o B ra h m a p re c e d e d by th e g o d O f fl am e
, ,

( H u t a s ana
) W h .e n t h e g re a t fa th er o f t h e u n i v er se

h a d h e ar d al l th at h a d c o m e t o p a s s h e s a id t o th e ,

d e iti es : R ep a ir fo r p r o te cti o n t o th e g o d of high a n d

“
, ,

l o w ; th e t a m e r O f th e d em o n s ; th e c a u s el e s s c a u s e o f
cr e ati o n p res erv ati o n a n d d e s tru cti o n ; th e p r o g en it or
, ,

o f t h e p r o g e n it o r s ; th e i m m o rt al u n c o n u e r abl e Vi s h rIu ;
'

q
th e c a u s e O f m att er a n d s p i ri t o f h i s u n e n g en d ere d ,

p r o d u ct s ; th e r em o v er of the g ri ef O f al l wh o h u mbl e
th em sel v e s b efo re hi m He will giv e y o u ai d H av i n g
. .

y b c m (fi i fi ) tt x pl i
'
1
T he e a e ,
N i h s a ttwa ; a nd S a wa i s e a ned ,

th ro u
gh o u t by D h i y
,
a r a
‘
t i
s e a d n e ss
’
,
‘
f tit
or ude
’
.

Here and bl e ow , thi p

s re resen s t s a ttwa .
1 40 V S I H NU P U RARA .

o f th e ca u se ;c a u s e O f th em al l : to hi m I bo w T o
th e .

h i m w h o i s th e enj o y er a n d thi n g t o be e nj oy e d ; th e
c re at o r a n d thi n g t o be creat e d ; wh o i s th e a g en t an d .
'

th e e ff e ct : t o th at s u p rem e b e i n g I bo w T h e i nfi n it e .

n at ur e O f Vi s h n u i s p u r e i nt ellig e nt p erp et ual u n b o rn

, , , ,

u n d e c ay a bl e i n ex h a u s tibl e i n s c r ut a bl e i mm u t abl e ; it
, , ,

i s n e ith er g ro s s n or s u btil e n o r c ap abl e o f b ei n g d e

"

fi n e d : t o th at ev er h oly n at u re O f Vi sh n u I bow T o .

h im w h o s e fa c ulty t o c re a te t he u n iv er se abid es i n bu t
a p art o f bu t th e t en m illi o n th p a r t O f hi m ; t o h i m wh o
-

i s o n e w ith th e i n exh a u s tibl e s u p rem e s pi rit I bo w : ,

a n d to th e gl or i o u s n a t ure o f th e s u p r em e Vi s h n u ,

w hich n o r g o d s n o r s a g es n o r I n o r S a nk ara app re

, _
, ,

h en d ; th at n at u re which th e Y o g i n s a ft er i n c e s s ant ,

e ffo rt e ffa ci n g b o th m o r a l m e rit a n d d em e r it

,
b eh o ld ,

t o be c o n t em pl at e d i n th e m y s tic al m o n o s yll abl e O m :

th e s u p rem e gl o ry o f Vi sh n u wh o i s th e fi r s t O f all ; ,

o f wh o m o n e o n ly o d th e t ripl e e n ergy i s th e s a m e
, g ,

w ith B ra h m a Vi s h n u a n d S i v a : O l o r d o f al l grea t
, , ,

s o u l O f al l a s yl u m O f al l u n d e c a y a bl e h a v e pity u p o n
, , ,

thy ser v a n t s ! O Vi sh n u be m an if e s t u n to u s
—
.
,

P a ra sa ra c o n ti n u e d T h e g o d s h av i n g h ear d thi s ,

p ray er u ttere d by B rah m a b owe d d own an d cri e d : , ,

Be fav o u ra bl e t o u s ! Be p r e s e nt t o o ur S ight W e .

d eg re e i s A h a ni k ara ; i n th e
'

fou th r ,
or t he eff e ct of th e e ff e ct
( Ah a nnk ara)
'

ct ( M h t) f th ff ct ( P k ti) i l
o f t h e e ff e a a o e e e ra r1 ,
s e e

m t y bt c
en ar su B hat Vi h n i
s an e ,
ch d l l S i
or a . s u s ea an a . o ,
n

th e cc d i g c d i g c l B h m a i th c
su ee n as en nf m t ls a e ,
ra s e au s e o or a

li f ; th c
e f B hm a i th
e ause ggo
gg g tra l m t y s e e ,
or a re a e e e en a r

m tt ; i t c
a er i sth f l m t y m tt ; th c
a us e s ,
f
e re o re ,
e e en ar a er e ause o

w h ic h i btil s su d i m t l m tt
e wh ic h
or i gi t f m
ru en a a er ,
or na e s ro

Ah mk a ;
a d raon Vi h n i l
an so ch d l l f th s
. s u s, a s o, e a an a o e e .
 B OO K C HA P . IX . 1 41

bo w d o wn t o th a t gl o ri o u s nat u re which the m ighty

B rahm a d o e s n ot k n o w ; th at which i s thy n at ure O ,

i m p eri sh abl e i n wh o m the u n iv ers e abi d es

, T hen .
,

th e g o d s h a v i n g e n d e d Br1 ha sp a t i a n d th e d i v i n e,

Ri sh i s th u s p ray e d : We bow d o wn t o th e b ei n g en “

titl e d t o a d o ra ti o n ; wh o i s th e fi rst o bj e ct o f s a crific e ;

wh o wa s b efo r e th e fi rs t O f thi n g s ; th e c re a t o r o f th e
cre at o r o f th e wo rld ; th e u n d efi n abl e O l o rd o f al l .

th at has b e en o r i s t o be ; i m p eri sha bl e typ e o f s a crific e ;

h av e pity u p o n thy wo r shipp ers ! A pp e ar t o th em p ro s
t rat e b efo re t he e H e re i s B rahm a; h ere i s T ri l o ch a n a
—
.

h th r e e ey e d S i v a ) w ith h e R u d ra s ; P ash a n
( t e t , ( th e

s u n) ,
with th e A d ity as ; a n d F i r e with all th e m igh ty ,

l um in ari e s H ere are th e s o n s o f A s win i ( th e two

.
’

A Swin i K u m ara s) th e Va s u s a n d al l th e w i n d s th e
, ,

s ad hy as th e Vi s wa d ev a s a n d I n dra th e ki n g o f th e
, , ,

g o d s ; al l o f wh o m bo w l o wly b efo re th e e A ll the .

trib e s o f th e i m m o rt al s v an q u i sh e d by the d em o n h o st
, ,

h a v e fl e d t o th ee f or s u cc o u r .

Th u s p ray e d t o th e s u p rem e d e ity th e m ighty

, ,

h o l d er o f th e c o n ch an d d i s c u s sh ow e d hi m self t o them ; ,

a n d b eh o l d i n g th e l o r d O f g o d s be ar i n g a s h ell a d i s
, , ,

c u s an d a m a c e t h e a s s e m bl a g e O f p r i m e v a l fo rm a n d
, , ,

ra d i a n t w ith e m b o di e d light Pi t am ah a a n d the o th e r ,

d e iti e s the i r e y e s m o i s t e n e d w
,
ith rapt u re fi rs t p a i d ,

h i m h o m a g e a n d th en th u s a d d re s s e d him : R ep ea t e d
,
“

s al u t a ti o n t o th ee wh o art i n d efi n abl e ! Th o u art B rah

,

m a; th o u art t h e w1 el d e r o f th e Pi n ak a bo w ( S i va) ;
th o u a rt I n d ra ; th o u art fire ai r th e go d o f wate rsyl , ,
'

“
Fi re, w h it al l i ts f orms 1 11 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 Hat fi fii t l
i Varuri a, i n the
‘‘
or i gi l
na .
 1 42 V S I H NU PU RANA .

th e su n , kin g O f d e a th (Y a m a) th e Va s u s th e
th e , ,

M ar u t s ( th e w i n d s ) th e S adhy a s an d Vi s wa d ev a s
’

, , .

T h i s a s sem bly O f d iv i n iti e s th at n o w h a s c o m e b efo re ,

th ee th o u a rt ; f or th e cre at or o f th e wo rl d th o u a rt
, , ,

e v e ry wh e r e Th o u a rt th e s a crific e th e p ra y er O f o h
.
,

l a t i o n j th e m y s tic syll abl e O m th e s o v e re ig n o f all

‘
,

c re a t ure s Th o u art a ll th a t i s t o be k n o wn o r t o be
.
,

u n k n o wn O u n iv ers al s o u l t he wh o l e w o rl d c o n s i st s
.
,

O f th ee W e d i s co m fit e d by th e D ai ty a s h av e fl e d t o
.
, ,

th e e O Vi sh n u f o r refu g e S pi rit o f al l 1 h a v e c o m
, ,
.
,

p a s s i o n u p o n u s ! D efen d u s w ith thy m igh ty p o we r .

Th er e w ill be afflicti o n d e s i re tro u bl e a n d g ri ef u n ti l , , , ,

thy p r o t e cti o n i s o bt ai n e d : bu t th o u art th e re m o v e r

o f al l s i n s D O th o u th e n 0 p u re o f s pi rit S h o w fav o u r
.
, , ,

u n to u s wh o h a v e fl e d t o th e e ! O l o r d o f all p ro t e ct
, ,

u s w ith thy g r e a t p o wer i n u n i o n w ith th e g o d d e s s ,

”
wh o i s thy s t re n gth § H ar i t h e c r e a t o r o f.t h e u ni
1
,

v e rs e b e i n g th u s p ray e d t o by th e p r o s tra t e di v i n i t i e s
, ,

s m il e d a n d th u s s p a k e :
,
“
W ith ren o v at e d e nergy 0 ,

g o d s I w ill rest o re y o u r s tren gth D O y o u a ct a s I

,
.
~

e nj o i n Let a ll the g o d s a s s o ci a t e d w ith th e A s u ra s

.
, ,

c a s t al l so rts o f m e d ici n a l h erb s i n t o the s ea o f m ilk ;

a n d th e n t a ki n g th e m o u n t a i n M a n d ara f o r the ch u r n

—
,

i n g stick th e s erp e n t vas u ki f o r t h e ro p e ch urn the

, ,

W ith thy Sak ti , or th e g o d d e ss Sri or L a k s hm i .

In t he S anskr it ,
S av it i
r .

Vas li a tkdr a , “
the e xcl m ti
a a on at a s a r c ific e

T he s e word s , a nd “
i l
u n vers a s ou l j t b us a o ve ,
are to rend e r s a r

v atm a n .

“
L ord of al l e ne rg es i , m ake us , by thy p o wer , to p p ros er

1 1 1 11 11 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 11 61 W 1
51 1
1 44 V IS HRU F U RAHA .

he t i d
su s a ne th e
p t ki n g an d with an oth er i n
s er en -
, , ,

fu s e d v ig o u r i n t o th e g o d s .

From th e o c ean th u s ch u rn e d by th e g o d s an d ,
‘

D an av a s fi rst u p ro s e th e cow S u rabhi th e fo unta in

'

o f m ilk a n d c u r d s w o rs hipp e d by t h e divi n iti e s a n d

, ,

b eh eld by th em a n d th ei r a s s o ci at e s w ith m in d s d i s
t urbe d a n d e y es gli s t en i n g w ith d elight Th en a s th e .
,

h o ly S id d h a s i n th e S ky wo n d ere d w h at thi s c o u l d be
.

app e ar e d th e g o d d e s s V ar u n i h e d e ity o f wi n e) h
(t er ,

e y e s ro lli n g w ith i n t o x ic ati o n N ex t fro m th e whi rl .

,

O O l o f th e d eep sp ra n g th e c el e s ti al P arij at a tre e th e

p , ,

d elight O f th e n y m ph s o f h eav e n ; p erfu m i n g th e w o rld

w ith i t s bl o sso m s T he t ro o p o f A p s ara s a s (th e n y m ph s
.

o f h e av e n th p r o d u c e d O f s u rp r i s i n g l o v e li n es s
) w e r e e n , , ,

en d o w e d w ith b e au ty a n d w ith t a s t e T h e c o o l ray e d .

-

m o o n n ext r o se an d w a s s e iz e d by M a h ad e v a ; a n d
,

th en p o i s o n w a s e n g en d ere d fro m th e s ea o f which ,

th e s n a k e g o d s ( N ag a s ) t o o k p o ss e s s i o n
-
D h anwa n .

tari r o b e d i n whit e a n d b eari n g i n hi s h and th e cu p

, ,

o f A m r1 t a n e x t c a m e fo r th ; b eh o ldi n g whi c
,
h th e s o n s ,

o f D iti a n d o f D a n u
-

a s w ell a s th e M u n i s wer e fill e d

, ,

w ith s ati s fa cti o n a n d d elight Th en s eat e d o n a fu ll .

,

bl o wn l o t o s a n d h o ldi n g a wat er lily i n h er h an d th e

,
-
,

g o d d e ss Sri rad i ant w ith b eau ty r o s e fro m the w av e s

, ,
.

T h e g re at s a g e s en rapt ure d hy m n e d h e r with t h e

, ,
“ e
s o n g d e dic a t e d t o h er p ra i s e ! V1 s wav a s u a n d o th e r

it
O r w h t h e S i i k ta , or h mny of the V ed a s ,
c o mm en ci ng ,

”
H i ra ri y av a rn ann , & c
'

“
T heic t d t h p i t l t
song d ed a e o er ra s e rans a es Sri -
su kta
'

. For the
hy m c ll d with i t c mm t y dit d by m Mii l l er s Rig v ed a ,
’
n so a e ,
s o e n ar ,
e e e , s ee -

V l IV V i t
o . .L ti i pp 5 l
, ar e as
q ec on s , .
, c se .
 B OO K C HAP . IX . 1 45

h eav enly qu i ri s ter s s an g a n d Ghrit achi an d o th er ,

c el e sti al n y m p h s d an c e d b efo re h er G an g a a n d o th er .

h o ly s tre am s a tt en d e d fo r h er abl u ti o n s ; a n d th e el e
h a nt s o f t h e s ki es t a ki n g u th e i r p u r e wa t er s i n
p p ,

v a ses O f g o l d p o u re d th em o v e r t h e g o d d e s s th e q u ee n
, ,

O f th e u ni v e rs al w o rl d T h e s ea O f m ilk i n p ers o n .
, ,

p re s ent e d h e r with a wre a th o f n ev er fa di n g fl o wers ;“

-

a n d th e a rti s t o f th e g o d s
( V 1 s wa k a r m a n
) d e c o r a te d

h er p e rso n w ith h e av e nly o rn a m en t s T h u s b a th e d .

a tt n e d a n d a d o rn e d th e g o dd e s s i n th ev i e w o f t he
,
.

c el e s ti al s c a s t h ei s el f u p o n th e b r e a s t O f H ari a n d
, , ,

th ere re cli n i n g t u rne d h er ey e s u p o n th e d e iti e s wh o

, ,

w e re i n spi r e d w ith ra pt u re by h er g a z e N o t s o th e -
.

D a i ty a s wh o w ith Vip ra chi tt i at th e i r h e a d wer e

, , ,

fill e d with i n d ig n ati o n a s Vi s h n u t urn e d a w ay f ro m ,

th e m : a n d th e y w ere ab an d o n e d by th e g o d d e s s o f
p r o sp er ity (L ak s h m i ) .

T he p o w e rfu l a n d i n dig n a n t D ai ty a s th en for cibly

s eiz e d th e A m rit a c u t h a t wa s i n t h e h an d O f D h a n
p
-
,

w a n t a ri Bu t Vi s h n u a s s u m i n g a fe m a l e fo rm fa s ci n a t e d
.
, ,

a n d d e l u d e d t he m an d r e c o v e r i n g t h e A m rit a fro m
, ,

th em d eli v ere d it t o th e g o d s S akra an d th e o th er

, .

d e iti e s q u a ffe d th e a m b r o s i a T h e i n c en s e d d e m o n s .
,

g ra spi n g th ei r we ap o n s fel l u p o n th em Bu t th e g o d s ,
.
,

i n t o wh o m th e a m b r o s i a l d ra u ght h a d i n fu s e d n ew
v ig o u r d e fe a t e d a n d u t th e i r h o s t t o flight ; a n d th e y
, p
fl e d thro u gh th e r e gi o n s o f s p a c e a n d pl u n g e d i n t o ,

th e su bt e rra n e o u s re a l m s O f P at al a T h e g o d s th e re a t .

g re atly rej o ic e d d id h o m a g e t o th e h o l d er o f th e d i s
,

c u s a n d m a c e a n d r e s u m e d th e i r re ig n i n h e a v en
, T he .

s u n s h o n e with r e n o v a t e d s pl e n d o u r a n d a g a in d i s ,

ch arg e d hi s app o i n te d ta sk ; a nd th e c el e sti a l l u m i n a ri e s

1 46 V S I H NU F U R ANA
a g a i n ci rcl e d 0 b e st O f M u n i s i n th ei r re sp e ctiv e o rbit s
, ,
.

F i re o n c e m ore bl az e d al o ft b eau tifu l i n spl e n d o u r ; ,

a n d t h e m i n d s o f al l b e i n g s we re a n i m a t e d by d ev o ti o n .

T h e th r ee wo rl d s a g a i n w ere r en d e re d h a ppy by p r o s
e ri t ; a n d I n d ra h chi f O f h g d w a s re s t o r e d
’

p y t e e t e o s , ,

t o p o we r S e a t e d u p o n h i s th ro n e a n d o n c e m o re i n
.
1
,

T he ch c d u rn n it cc gi l f th
of th e o ea n o es no o ur
'

h s e v er a o e

P u ra n a s ,d i b t c an ily ll d d t i th Si L i g
s u d
u rs o r a u e o n e va ,
n a, an

Ka m P an T h Vay
r a ur d P dm
as h
. m ch t h m e u an a a a ve u e sa e

n a rr ati th t f
ve as t x t ; d h t h A g i d Bhag
a o our e an so a ve e n an a

t x c pt th t th y f
va a , e e ly b i fly to th g f D a
a e re e r o n r e e an er o u rv s as ,

w it h t ou ti g th ci c m t c ; i d ic ti g th i rb i g p t
n a rra n e r u s an es n a n e e n os e

i th f t t h i g i l t l T h p t h w
r or
,
e re o r e , o ig d
e or na a e . e ar ,
o e v e r , a ss ne

to D a pp
u rv t
sas b m b lli h m t
a d d d t th
e a rs i o e an e e s en a e o e or

gi l; f
na m ti O f hi m cc i th M t y P
or no en on o urs n e a s a ura n a or

e ve n i th H i V m n e N ith d it cc i wh t m y b
ar a sa . e er o es o ur n a a e

c i d d th Ol d t x t t
o ns e re ie f th t y th O f th
es e an v e r s o ns o e s or ,
o se e

R am ay i d M h ab ha t
ar a an B th th c ib th cc
a c ra a . o ese as r e e o u rr e n e

to th d i e O f th g d d D i ty t b c m i mm t l T h
e s re e o s an a as o e o e or a . e

M t ya s ig a i m il m ti t th g d i nti g t d by h
a ss ns a s ar o ve o e o s ,
s a e o

i g th t th D i ty l i by th m i b ttl w
s erv n a e a t dt as s a n e n a e er e r es o re o

li f by S k with th S j i i i h b O f i m m t lity which

e, u ra , e an v n or er or a ,

h h d di c cc t i th H i V i b i f
'

d
'

e a d Th
s o ve r e . e a ou n n e ar a nI S a s r e an

Ob c s u re d i x pl i d by th c mm t t
,
an s e ll g y
a ne ,
e o en a or ,
as an a e or ,

i which t h ch
n i g f th Oc typifi e c tic p c
e u rn n d o e ea n s as e e na n e ,
an

th e mb a i i fi l lib ti
ro s a B t th i i m
s my tifi t i
na e ra on . u s s e re s ca on .

T h l g d O f th R amay n i t
e e en l t d V l I p 4 1 0 f th
e a a s r a ns a e ,
o . .
,
.
,
o e

Ser a mp d iti o re e d th t f th M h ab ha t on by S i C W i l
, an a o e a ra a , r .

ki ns i th,
t t hi t l ti f th Bh g d Git a S
n e no es o s ra n s a on o e a a va . ee,

l th i g i l t x t C lc tt d iti p 40 I t h b p
a so ,
e or na e ,
a u a e o n, . . as een re

tdt g
s en e l d i m
o e n e ra tt cti f m by my f i d
re a er s , n a o re a ra ve or ,
r en ,

H M P k i hi D gh t f Im m t lity p i t d w it h th
. . ar e r, n s ra u o or a ,
r n e ,
o er

p m L d
oe s ,
1 827 onTh M t y on F a i h m y f th
,
. e a s a ur ra as an o e

t z
s an as f th M hab h a t
o i t p d with th
e a Th i ra a n e rs e rs e o e rs . e re s

so m e i ty i th d
v ar e d mb n O f ticl p d c d f m
e or er an nu er ar es ro u e ro
1 48 V i sH nU FU R ANA .

d o wn t o Sri th e m oth er o f al l b ei n g s s e at e d
I bo w , ,

o n h er l o t o s th ro n e w ith e y e s lik e fu ll bl o wn l o t o s e s
-
,
-
,

r e cli n i n g o n th e b re a s t o f Vi s h n u Th o u art S iddhi .

( )
s u p e rh u m a n p o we r ; th o u ar t S w a dh a a n d S w ah a;

th o u art a mb ro s i a ( S u dh a) th e p u r ifi er o f th e u n iv er se ; ,

th o u art ev enin g n ight a n d d awn ; th o u a rt p o wer , , ,

i n t ell e ct fa ith ; th o u art th e g o d d e s s O f l etter s ( S ara s

,
*

wa ti ) T h o u b ea u ti fu l g o d d e ss a rt k n o wl e dg e o f d e
.
, ,

v o t i o n g re a t k n o wl e dg e m y s tic k n o w l e d g e a n d s pi r i
, , ,
1
t u a l k n o w l e dg e which c o n fers et ern a l lib erati o n , .

Th o u a rt th e s ci en c e o f r ea s o n i n g ? th e th ree V e d a s ,
2
th e art s an d s ci en c e s ; th o u art m o ral a n d p o litical

th e g o d s, a nd o bt i i a n n
g a or p ti on of th e Am t ri a . B ei ng b ehe a de d,
f or th i by Vi
s ,
i mm t l i c q c
sh nu , the h e a d bc e am e or a ,
n o ns e u en e

o f th A m t h i g
e ch d t h t h t d w t f d
rI a av n re a e e ro a , an as r a n s e rre ,
as

a c t ll ti t th Sk i
o ns e a on d th
,
d m
o d t ct d
e es : an ,
as e su n an o on e e e

hi p s c m g t th g d Rah p
r e s en e a th m wi h i m pl
on s e o s u u rs u es e t a

c bl h t d
a e d hi
a re ff t t ,
iz t h m
an th c s f e or s o se e e are e au s es o

e clip ; R ah typi fyi g t h c d i g d d c d i g d

s es u n e as en n an es e n n no es .

Th i s m t b th s i m pl t
s ee s d o l d t f m O f th l g d
e e es an o es or e e en .

Th q l i m m t lity f th b d y d th
e e ua or a m K t do e o ,
un er e na e e u ,
an

hi b i g th C
s e n f m t ic l ph m
e a u se m t h o b e eo r a en o e na , s ee s o av e ee n

an a ft t h g h t I t h P d m
er ou d B h ag . t R ah d K t
n e a a an ava a ,
u an e u

are th f S i mhi k a th w i f
e s on s o f th D a Vi p h i tti ,
e e o e n a va ra c .

Th f V i dy ae b c h f k wl d g
o ur id t b
s or ran es o no e e a re s a o e:

Y j i d y a k wl d g
a na - v p f rm c f li g i
,
no e it ; M h a e or er o an e o re ous r es a

v i d y a g t k owl d g t h w hip f th f m l p i cipl

,
re a n e e, Ta e o rs o e e a e r n e, or n

t ik w
r a h ip ; G hyo rs i dya k wl dg fm t u m y tic l p y
a-v ,
no e eo a n ra s
,
s a ra e rs ,

an di t ti
n ca n a ; d At m i dy a k wl d g f l t w i d m
o ns an a- v
,
no e e o s ou ,
ru e s o .

2
O V a tta r x pl i d t m r th Si l p
,
et m ch ic a ne o e an e a - s a s ra , e an s,

c lpt
s u d
u re , ch it ct ; Ayan d m d ici
ar ; & e u re ur- v e a, e ne c .

B i i i ti , med/1 d , sr a d d ha
l a nd .

1 A nvikslti ki
"
.
 B OO K I .
,
C HA P . IX . 49

ci en c e s } T h e w o rl d i s p e o pl ed by th e e with pl ea s i n g
‘
:

s , ,
.

o r d i spl e a s i n g fo r m s Wh o el s e th a n th o u O g o d d es s
.
, ,

i s s e a t e d o n t h a t p e r s o n o f th e g o d O f g o d s t h e w i e l d e r ,

O f th e m a c e which i s m a d e u p o f s a c r ific e a n d c o n
, ,

t e m p l a t e d by h o ly a s c etic s ? A b a n d o n e d by th ee th e ,

thr e e w o rl d s w e r e o n th e b r i n k O f r u i n : bu t th ey h av e
b een r e an im at e d by th ee F ro m thy p ro piti o u s g az e .
,

O m ighty go d d es s m en O bta in w iv e s ch il d ren d well

, , ,

i n g s fri en d s h arv e st s w e alth H e alth a n d stren gth

, , ,
.
,

p o wer v ict o ry h a ppi n e s s are e a s y o f a tt ai nm en t t o

, ,

th o s e u p o n wh o m t ho u s m il e st Th o u a rt th e m o th er .

O f al l b e i n g s ; a s th e
g o d Of go d s H ari i s th e i rfa th er : , ,

a n d th i s w o rld wh e th er a n i m at e o r i n an i m at e i s p er
, ,

v a d e d by th e e a n d Vi s h n u O th o u w h o p u rifi e st al l .

thin g s fo r s ak e n o t o u r trea s u res o u r g ra n ari e s o u r

, , ,

d welli n g s o u r d ep en d a n t s o ur p er s o n s o u r wi v es
, , ,
.

A b an d o n n o t o u r chil d r en o u r fri e n d s o u r li n e a g e o u r , , ,

j e wel s O th o u wh o a bi d est o n the b o s o m O f th e g o d

,

Of go d s Th ey wh o m th o u d e s erte st are fo rs ak e n by
.

tr u th by p u rity a n d g o o dn es s by ev ery a m i abl e an d

, , ,

e x c ell en t q u a lity ; wh i l s t t he b a s e a n d w o rthl e s s u p o n

w h o m th o u l o o k es t fa v o u rably b e c o m e i m m e d i at ely
e n d o we d w ith al l e x c ell e n t q u a lific a ti o n s w ith fa m ili e s , ,

a n d w ith p o w e r H e o n w h o m t hy c o u n t en a n c e i s
.

t u rn e d i s h o n o urabl e a m i abl e p r o sp er o u s wi s e an d
, , , ,

o f e x a lt e d bi rth a h e ro o f i rr e s i s tibl e p ro we s s
,
Bu t all .

h i s m erit s a n d hi s a d v a nt a g e s ar e c o n v e rt e d i n t o w o rth
l e s sn es s fro m wh o m b el ov e d o f Vi sh n u m o th er o f
‘

, , ,

th e w o rl d th e n av e rt e st thy fa c e
,
T he t o n g u e s o f .

B rah m a are u n e q u al t o c e l eb rat e thy ex c ell en c e Be .

1 D and a ni ti .
1 50 V S I H NU PU R ANA .

p ro piti o u s t o m e O g o d d es s l o t o s ey e d ; a n d n ev e r
, ,
-

fo rs ak e m e m o re .

B ei n g th u s p ra i se d th e gratifi ed Sri abidin g i n all , ,

cre at u r e s an d h eard by al l b e i n g s r epli e d t o th e g o d

, ,

o f a h u n d r e d r it e s
( S )
a t a kr a t u : I a m pl e a se d m o n a r ch
“
,
-

o f th e g o d s by th in e a d o rati o n D em a n d fro m m e
, .

wh at th o u d e s i re s t I h av e c ome t o ful fil thy wi s h e s . .

If g o d d es s r epli ed I n d ra th o u wilt g ran t m y

, , ,
“

p ray er s ; if I a m w o rt hy o f thy b o u n ty ; be thi s m y

fi rs t r e q u e s t — th at th e thr e e wo rl d s m ay n ev er a g a in
,

be d ep r iv e d of thy p re s en c e M y s e c o n d s u pplic ati o n .

,

d a u ght er o f O c e a n i s th at th o u wilt n o t fo rs ak e h i m , ,

wh o sh a ll c el eb ra t e thy p r ai s e s i n t h e wo rd s I h a v e
”
a d d r es s e d t o th e e I wil l n ot ab an d o n th e g o d d es s
.
“

an s w e r e d th e th re e wo rld s a g a i n T h i s thy fi rs t b o o n
“
.
,

i s g ra n t e d : f o r I am g ratifi e d by thy p rai s e s A n d .

,

furth er I will n ev er t u rn m y fa c e aw ay fro m th a t

,

m o rt al wh o m o rn i n g an d ev en ing s h all r ep eat th e

, ,

hy m n wi th which th o u h a s t a d d res s e d m e
Para s a ra p ro c e e d e d —T h u s M a itrey a i n fo rm e r
.

, ,

ti m e s th e g o d d e s s Sri c o n fe rre d th es e b o o n s u p o n th e
ki n g o f th e g o d s b e i n g pl e a s e d by hi s a d o rati o n s Bu t
,
.

h er fi rs t bi rth wa s th e d a u ght e r o f Bhr 1 g u by Khy at i .

It wa s a t a s u b s e q u ent p eri o d th at sh e wa s p ro d u c e d
fro m th e s ea at the ch u rn i n g o f th e o c e an by th e
, ,

d e m o n s a n d th e g o d s t o o bt ai n a m b r o s i a Fo r i n ,
.
1
,

T he c ause o f t hi s, h o w e v e r, i s l fte une x pl i n a ed . T he P a dm a

P u ra a n g i cc t
t
ns e r s a f t h t l
m p e y p end ti to a ou n or e e o ra r se a ra on

o f L k h m i f m Vi h n
a s wh ic h pp ro t b p c li t
s th t u ,
a e a rs o e e u ar o a

W k Bh g w l d f L k h m ip
or . r1 u city th N m d a
as or o a s u ra , a on e ar a ,

g i h
v en i m by B h ma H i d g h t L k h
ram i i ti g t d h . s au er a s ns a e er

h b d t
us an q t i t b i g c c d d t h wh ich ff d i g
o re u es s e n on e e o er , o en n
 C HAP TER X .

T he d e s c e nd a n s o f t t h e d a u gh t er s o f D ak sh a m a i e d rr t o th e Ri s hi s .

MA IT RE YA .
—
Th ou h a st n a rra e d t t o m e, g r e at M u n i ,

all th at I a sk e d o f th e e N o w r e s u m e . th e a cc o u n t o f
th e c r e a ti o n s u b s e q u e n tly t o Bhr1 g u .

PA RA S A RA —L a k s h m i th e b r id e o f Vi sh n u wa s th e
.
, ,

d a u gh t er o f Bh ri g u by Kh y ati Th ey h a d a l so tw o s o n s .
,

D h at ri a n d Vi dh atri wh o m arri e d th e t wo d a u ght ers ,

o f th e ill u s tr i o u s M e r u A a t i a n d N i at i an d h a d by
y y , , ,

th em e a ch a s o n n am e d P ra n a an d Mri k and a
, ,
T he ,
.

s o n o f th e l att er w as Mark a ri d e a from wh o m V e d a

’

y ,

S 1 r a s w a s b o rn T he s o n f P r an a w a s n am e d By a ti
.
1
o

1
T he c o m m en a o r tt i t p t
n er re s th e t xte Hfl f
‘ ’
WW Sl fi to

f
re e r to P r ana : mm M a“ R
a fi
‘ ’

V e d a s i ra s w a s b o rn t he

s o n of P ra n a So th e B h agav a t a ? ha s :

mm
.

mam a: m fnn g fi r:
T he L i n
g a ,
th e Vy a u ,
an d Ma rk a ri d eya , h o w ev e r , c fi
on m
r our

re ad n g i of th e t xt ;
e ma k i ng V e d a s n a s th e ‘
son of Mark a ndey a .

P r ana , or ,
as rea d i n th e t w o fo r m er , P an du , w a s m arr i ed to

Pu ri dari k a, and ha d ,
by h er ,
D y u t i m a t , wh o s e s o ns w er e S fi j a
v an a a n d A s ru t a
'

or A sru tav r a na . M ri k a ri da ( a l s o r ea d Mri k a xi du )

m a rr i d e M a n a s wi n i , and h a d Mark a i i dey a , w h o s e s on ,
by Mur
dhan ya ,
w as V e d a S J ra s . He m a rr i ed Pi va ri , and h a d m an y
chil d re n
,
w ho c o ns tit tu ed th e fa m ily ic l t ib f th
or B ra h m a n a r e o e

Bharg av a s ,
s o ns of Bh r1 g u , Th m t c l b t d
e f th
os w e e ra e o es e as
'

U s an as , th e p c pt
re e or of th e D i ty
a wh cc d i g t th Bha
as , o, a or n o e

g a v ata, w a s th e son of V e d a sn a s B t th V ay m k
. u h i m th e u a es e

son o f Bhr1 g u by Pa ul o m i , an d b t d i ff
o rn a tp i d a eren er o .

Al l the MS S by m e have Mri kai i d u

'
. s een .

4
; 1v, 1.
,
45 .
 B OO K C HAP x . . 1 53

m at an d hi s so n w a s RaJa v a t ; a ft e r wh o m t h e ra ce of

Bhr1 g u b e cam e i nfi n it el y m u ltipli e d .

S ambhi i ti , th e w ife of M ari ch i g av e birth t o Ba a r na

’

m as a , wh o s e sons w ere V iraj a s an d S arv a ga . I s h al l

h ere aft er n o tic e hi s o th er d e s c en d an t s wh en I giv e a ,

m or e p a rtic ul ar a cc o u n t o f th e ra c e o f M ari chi

1
.

T h e w ife o f A n gira s S m ri ti b o re d a u ght ers n am e d ,

S i n i v al i K u h u R ak a an d A n u m a ti ( p h as e s o f th e
, , ,
?
m o o n) A n as uy a t h e wife o f A tr i w a s th e m o th er , ,

g p A ll d i
ci lly t K
u y p n th es e a o as
'

a a, e s on of M ich i ar ,
of who s e
p t i ty f ll d t il i b q tly g i
o s er a u e a s su se u en v en . T he B hag a a t a d d s v a

ad a gh t D u k l y a; d th V i y
e r, ev a u an e e u a nd L i n
g a, fo u d gh t e s
r au r ,

T h ti P hti T wi h a
us , d A p hi ti
us ,
s ,
an ac . l tt
T he a er i ns er s t th e

g ra n d s o n s of Pa u rri a m as a . Vi r aj a s ,
m a rr id t G e o aur i ,
has S u
d ham a n , a Lok a a a , pl l
o r r u er o f t he e a s tq t ; u ar er and Pa rv a s a
( q u a s i S ar v a g a ) by P '

h as , a rv a s a, Y aj na v am a a nd K a s y a ta ,
*
wh o
w er e , b th f do ,
ou n ers o f G o tr a s or fa mi l i es x l T he n am es o f al l

th es e occ i d i ff ur n er e n t f o r m s i i n d ff e r e n i t MS S .

T h B hag e t av a a a d d s , th t a ,
i n th e S w ar o chi sh a Ma n wa nt a ra ,

P f ro es s o r il W s on had “
P a rv a 5 1 I t ns e ad of hi s “ '
K as y ata I find ,
i n MS S .
,
K asy p a a: and th ere is a
g otr a nam ed a ft er the l tt
a er . A nd
s ee my ne xt t no e .

1 T he word s
p
f th e d a - p ur a n a , i n t he MS S . w h it i n my re a ch , are

w e : e é m fi fi afa r r: a 1 1 3 mm : I -

ain : new 51 m m 5 ea?

tr
a
1 1 3 3 1 1 ? a s ham? r? m m
’

g ufi a a n

3 3 ? a? a n d u fi f wf mfi n
T fi t
heli f thi qrst ti i i nem MS S t h t I h
o s uo a on s ,
n so e . a av e s ee n,

m 1 F é fl m fl fi lmt & d MS h i t d f Hfi l W
' '
c ;. an o ne . as , ns ea o

nfi g All t h MS S h i f 31 3 1 2 1 51 ?
‘
a H ETW L B t
os e . av e or
“
u ,

with t c j ct
ou l m di g th li i q ti yi l d
on e u ra en n , e ne n u es on e s no s e ns e .

P f W il
ro es s or
q i S g m t i mply th t th MS
s on s
’
u as a rv a a s ee s o a e .
,
or

MS S which h f ll w d h d m h l cti
e fi n {at
o o e a so e suc e on as

m — d
.
,

d f m th gh t th t t
thi w k— y m ; d f lly ti f ct y cc t f th m
Th m es e f na es an or s o na es an so rou ou e n o es o

s or are v er nu erou s an a u sa s a or a ou n o e ,

i th
n b c f c itic l diti
e a sen e o f th P an i i mp ctic bl
r a e ons o e ur as , s ra a e .
1 54 V IS H NU PU RANA . .

o th ree s i nl e ss s o n s : S o m a (th e m o o n) ,D urv as as an d

f ,

th e a s c e tic D at t atr e y a Ba l a s ty a h a d by P ri ti a
1
.
, ,
,

s o n c all e d i n a fo rm er bi rth o r i n th e S wa a m bh
'

, , y uv a ,

Man wan tara D att o l i l wh o i s n o w k n ow n a s th e s ag e

, ,
‘
.

2
A g a s ty a Ksh a m a t he w ife o f th e p at ri ar ch Pul ah a
.
, ,

wa s th e m o th e r o f th r ee s o n s : Kar m as a 1 A rv ari v at §
’

, ,

th e s a g e s U ta thy a a nd B h asp a ti w e e a l s o
ri r s on s of A ng i r a s ;
a nd th e Vay u ,
&c . s p e ci fy A g n i a n d K i tt i m a t r as th e s o n s of t he

p t i ch i
a r ar ,
n th e fi tM w t
rs Ag i
an an a r a . n ,
m arr i ed to Sa d wa ti ,
h P rj y
as a an a, m a rr i d t M a ich i ; d th i
e o r an e r s on i s H i ra ri y a r o m a n ,
a L k p al o a a . Ki r t t im t h aby D h k a as ,
e nu ,
t wo s o n s , C h a ri s hri u
and D hri ti m a t .

T he B haga va t a g i ves a n a cc o nt o f A t i s p ena n c e by wh ich u r

’

th e th re e
g ods B h m a Vi
,
s hn a n d Si va
ra w e e p o piti a t e d
, and u, ,
r r
,
.

bc me a e ,
in p ti
lly hi or S m o ns of th l
em se v es ,
s e v e ra s s o ns ,
o a,

D tta d D a a ,
Th
an h t t lly d i ff t i
u rv sas . e V ay u as . a o a ere n s er e s ,

or fi S ty
ve t H y
s ons : Ap m i ti S i d S m ;
a a n e ra ,
av a ,
o i r ,
an ,
an o a

an d d gh t o ne S ti wh b c m th w i f f K d m
au er , ru ,
o e a e e e o ar a a .

T h t x t w ld
2
m t i m ply t h t h w
e e c ll d A g ty
. ou s ee o a e as a e as a

i
n f m M w t
a or b t th c mm t t
er xpl i it
an a n ara : u e o en a or e a ns as

a b H T h B h ag t c ll th w i f f P l ty H i bh i
o ve . e a va a a s e e o u as a ,
av r i ,

wh w
ose th M i A g ty c ll d i f m bi th
s o ns er e e un as a ,
a e ,
n a or er r ,

T h l tt by '

D h ag i (
a rJ th i g i )
n d Vi or h d a arz n an s ra v a s . e a er a ,

Id i d
av th d ity f w lth K b
a ,
e d by K m i th R t
e o ea ,
u er a ,
an ,
es ,
e a

k h s B i
as as K mbh k n d V i bhi h
a var a T h V ty ,
u a ar a ,
an s an a . e e u

1
:
V i t
ar a n s of t hi s nam e ar e Dattal i , Datto tti , Dattot ri , Dattobhri,
Dambhobhi , a nd Dambhol i .

Ka rd am a s ee m s to be a m ore c o mm o n read ng i th an
“
Karmas a
Al so itt
wr en Av ari vat , a nd Arvari yat .

ii T he t xt i
e s as fo ll o ws :

m ea n

And the c o mm e n a or o s erv e s : tt b

m a fi zfi fa z e m a z
ga w u
1 56 V S I H NU PU R AN A .

b o rn o f B rah m a h a d by S wah a th re e s o n s o f s u rp a s s
, , ,

i n g b rilli a n cy : Pav ak a Bav a m an a a n d S u chi w h o , , ,

d ri nk s u p w a t e r Th e y h a d fo rty fiv e s o n s wh o w ith
.
-
, ,

th e o rigi n al s o n o f B rah m a a n d hi s th r ee d e s c en d an t s , ,

c o n s tit u t e th e fo r ty n i n e fi r es T he p ro g e n it o r s (P itri s)
-
1
.
,

wh o a s I h av e m e n ti o n e d we re c r e a t e d by B ra h m a
, ,
-

w ere th e A g n i shw at ta s a n d Ba rh i sh a d s ; th e fo rm er
b ei n g d ev o i d o f an d th e l att er p o ss e ss e d o f fires B y
, ,
.
2

ld t T he f B h m a, cc d i g t
e es th c mm t t
son o ra a or n o e o e n a o r,

u p th th ity f th V d aa mfifi fi fi szfi fi M W

on e au or o e e as :
‘

! fiffi l 3 T h V ay P an t i t y l d t il
$ : e g u ur a e n ers n o a v er on e a

o f th m d pl c
e na f t h w h l f ty i
es a n fi A cc d i g a es o e o e or -
n ne re s . or n

to th t l Pa k i l ct ic V i d y t fi ; P ma i
a a so ,
va a s e e r or a u a re a va na s

th t p d c d by f icti
a ro u N i m thy ;
e d S ch i i r l on ,
or r a a an u s s o ar

(S ) fi
a u ra P ma wre th p
. t f K y ah
av a th fi na as e a ren o av av an a , e re

o f th P i t ri ; S ch i
e f H y ah s th fi ti f th g d ; ,
d o av av an a ,
e re o e
'
o s an

Pa v a m ana , of S ah ara k s h a , t he fir e of th e A s u ra s . T he B haga

va a t e x pl i t fi t b
a ns th m
es e y pp ll ati i
d ffe r e n
f re s o e so an a e o ns o

fi re m pl y d i
e th i c ti w ith which d i ff t bl ti
o e n e n vo a o ns er e n o a o ns

to fi ff
re d i th
ar e oit l f th V d
er e n e r ua o e e as :

‘
W ai t i nfirm wa m fi ra ei ai fqfii : I
m am {s i f t f i r W SW
x pl i d by th c m m t t ; fifqfii Efififm fl fi fim muffi
.
’ ‘ ‘ ' ‘ ’
e a ne e o en a o r v

m
,

fi m fi fi w ri ra rfi fi
'

r fi- fi
’
n f e fi
'

a fi a Q fi i z I
A cc d i g t th c mm t t
9
or n thi d i ti cti i d i d
o e o en a o r , s s n on s e r ve

f m th V d
ro T h fi t cl
e e o A g i h watt
as . c it f e rs a ss ,
r n s as ,
o ns s s o

th h h l d wh wh li
o se ou s e o d id
e rs t m i t i th i d o ,
en a ve ,
no a n a n e r o

m ti fi
es c ff b t
re s ,
ifi ; th
n or o c d f th w h er u rn -
s ac r ce s e se o n ,
o ose o

k pt p t h h o h l d fl m
e u e d p t d bl ti
us e o w it h fi a e ,
an re s e n e o a ons re .

M i c ll th A g i d g d h
an n
-
a s d th es e w h ich S i W illi m
n a as an e r e ve rs e , r a

J ones d ‘c m bl by fi
r en e rs & K l l i k B h tt g i
o nsu a e re
’
,
c . u i a a a ve s

no x pl ti e f th m
ana T h B hag on t dd th cl
o e f . e a va a a s o er a ss es o

Blzdg a va mp ura na , IV , 1
-
.
, 61 .
1 III 1 99 .
 B OO K C HA P x . . 1 57

th em S wa d h a ha d t wo d a u ght e rs , M en a an d Dh arini ,
w h o w e r e, b o th a cqu a i nt e d with th e o l o gic al tr u th a n d , ,

b o th a d d icte d t o r eligi o u s m e dit ati o n b o th a ec o m ,

li she d i n p erfe ct wi s d o m a n d a d o r n e d w ith a l l e s ti

p ,

m a bl e q u a liti e s Th u s h a s b ee n ex pl a i n e d t h e p r o g e ny
.
1
i

o f th e d a u ght e rs o f D ak s h a H e wh o w ith fa ith r e ?

, ,

c apit u l a te s t he a cc o u n t sh all n ev er w a nt o ffs p ri n g .

Pi t fi s ; o r, t he Aj y a
‘
p a s , d r n er s i k of
gh e e j , and S o m ap a s , d r ‘
i k n e rs

of th e a ci d j ic u e .
’
T h e o mm e n c tt a or ,
e x pl i i
a n n g th e m e a n i g n of

th e t erm s S ai g u i an d Agn , ha s :
na i“ m 3
W : lW W W ic
: w h h m gh be u n d ers o o d t o i t t i g i fy
s n

th t th a e Pi tf i s wh o are
‘
it t
w h o u fir e a re h o s e t o wh o m o
’
t bl ti a ons

a re n o t o ff e r e d , and th os e
‘
w h fir eit ’
ar e th y t
e o wh o m o bl ti a o ns

are p re s e n e d t .

1
T h e V ai y u g l g y f w d D ha c i
i ni w arr e s th i s en ea o or ar . r as

m i
a rr M ed to d h d by hi m M d
e ru , d th d ght an a , ,
an a ra a n re e au e rs ,

N i y ti Ay ti a d V l a T h tw fi t w
,
a m
,
i d t D hat f i
an e . e o rs ere a rr e o

an d V i d hat ( p V l a w th w i f f S m d by wh m
ri . e as e e o a u ra
,
o

s h h d S im d i m
e a i d t P a hi b hi
a u d th m t h
r ,
f a rr e o r c na ar s ,
an e o er o

th t e P h t
en th f thra c f D k h e a sa s b q tly ,
e a er s o a s a, as s u se u en nar

t d M a w m i d t Hi m t
ra e . en d w th
as m th f a rr e o av a ,
an as e o er o

M i ak d f G g d f Pa ti U m a ’

a n a, an o an a, an o rva or .

N 2
tic i h t k f S ti m i d t B h
o no e s i er e a en o a ,
a rr e o ava ,
as s

i ti m t d i c 8 ( pp 1 1 7
n a e wh
n d c ibi g th R d
. Of .
, en es r n e u ra s .

th es e
g l g i th f l l t d pp tly th l d t cc t
ene a o es e u es an ,
a ar e n ,
e o es a ou n

i gis i th V ay P
ve n n A f e th t f t xt xt d u u ra n a . s ar as a o ou r e e en s,

ly g ; ll wi g f d i ff c f pp ll ti
,

th tw
e o nea r a re e a o n or er e n e s o a e a o n,

or i g i ti g m m
na t t n c ipti ; th m f q tly yi ga cc u ra e ra n s r on e na es re u en v ar n

i d i ff
n t c pi f th m w k l i g it d bt f l which
er e n o es o e sa e or ,
eav n ou u

re a di g h ld b p fn sd T h B h ag
ou t b ed b re err e . e a va a
,
as o s e r ve a o ve

( p 1 09. t h c t d m f t h p pl x ity by b ti t
no e as re a e so e ur er er e su s u

ti gn th , wi as f th p t i c h e th d gh t f K d m
ve s o e a r ar s ,
e au e rs o ar a a,

f orth f D k h O f th g
ose o l t t m t it m y b b
a s da . e e n e ra s a e en a e o s e rv e ,

th t lth gh i m
a ,
a p ct ll g ic l
ou ,
i th m
n so f e re s e s
,
a e or a ,
as n e na es o

th wi
e f t h Ri hi ( p
ve s o d i th t m ic l
e s s . an
“ ,
n o e rs , a s ro no a ,
as
1 58 vra n PU RANA .
‘

i ti
i n th e d en o m f th d g h t
na ons o f A gi (
e p auy t it er s o u ras . e

see m p b bl
s roth t it i
a e t lt g th f b l
a s no b t th t t h
a o e er a u ous , u a e

p i
e rs o n s , m i t c
n so h de l x i t c ; th g e l g i
ns an e s , a a rea e s en e e nea o es

or i g i ti g i i m p fectly p
na n n d t d iti
er f th f m ili
r e s e rv e f ra o ns o e a es o

th e fi t t ch
rs f th H i d
ea e rs lig i
o e d f th d c t
n u f
re on ,
an o e e s en o

i d i i d l wh t k
n v ua s cti h i i t p p g ti
o oo an a ve s are n s ro a a on .
1 60 V S I H NU PU RANA .

h av e n ot i o u bi rth Thi g l thro n e th e t

'

v en
g y s r e a .
,
sea

o f th e ki n g o f kin g s , i s s u it e d t o m y ly Why
s on o n .

sh o u l d y o u a spi re t o i ts o cc u p a ti o n ? W hy i d ly ch e ri s h
s u ch l o ft a m biti o n a s if o u w e re m son ? Do
y y y , y ou
”
fo rg et th a t y o u are bu t th e o ffsp ri n g o f S un i ti ?
T h e bo y h a v i n g h ear d th e s p e e ch o f h i s st e p m o th er
,
-
,

q u itt e d hi s fa th er a n d r ep a i re d i n a p a s s i o n t o th e
, , ,

a p art m e n t o f h i s o w n m o th e r ; wh o b eh o l d i n g h im ,
.

v ex e d ,
t o o k hi m u p o n her l ap a n d g en tly s m ili ng , , ,

a s k e d h i m w h a t w a s t h e c a u s e o f hi s a n g e r wh o h a d ,

di spl ea s e d hi m an d if a ny o n e fo rg ettin g th e r esp e ct

, ,

d ue t o hi s fa th e r h a d b eh av e d 1 1 1 t o hi m D h r u v a i n
, .
,

r eply r e p e a t e d t o h er a ll th a t th e a rro g a n t S u ru ch i h a d
,

s a id t o hi m i n th e p re se n c e o f th e ki n g D e e ply d i s
,
.

tr e s s e d by th e n arra tiv e o f th e boy th e h u mbl e S u ni ti , ,

h e r ey e s d i mm e d w ith t e a rs s igh e d a n d s a id : S u ru ch i
“
, ,

h a s r igh tly s p o k en T h i n e chil d i s a n u nh appy fa t e

.
, ,
.

Th o se wh o are b o rn t o fo rt u n e are n o t li abl e t o th e

i n s u lt s o f th e ir r iv al s . Y et be n o t afflicte d m y chil d ,
.

Fo r wh o sh a ll effa c e wh a t th o u h a s t form erly d o n e o r ,

s h all a s s ig n t o th ee wh a t th o u h a s t l eft u n d o n e ? T h e

re g a l th r o n e , th e u m b r ell a o f r o y a lty h o r s e s a n d el e , ,

h a n t s a r e h i s w h o s e v i rt u e s h av e d e s e rv e d th em
p .

R em em b er thi s m y s o n an d be c o n s o l e d Th at th e
, ,
.

ki n g fav o u rs S u r u chi i s th e r e wa r d of h e r m erit s i n a

form e r ex i s t en c e T h e n am e o f wif e al o n e b el o n g s t o
.

s u ch a s I w h o h av e n o t e q u a l m er it He r s o n i s th e
,
.

p ro g eny o f a cc u m u l a te d pi ety a nd i s b o rn a s U t tam a ,

.

M i n e ha s b e e n b o rn a s D hr uv a o f i n feri o r m o ral w o rth ,

.

Th erefo re m y s o n it i s n o t p ro p er fo r y o u t o g ri ev e
, ,
.

A w i se m a n w ill be c o n t e n t e d with th a t d e g r ee wh ich

a pp e rt a i n s t o hi m Bu t if y o u c o n ti n u e t o fee l h u rt
.
,
.
 B OO K C HA P . x1 . 1 61

at th e w o rd s of S uru ch i ,
d eav o u r t o au gm en t th a t en

r eligi o u s m er it which b e s t o w s a l l g o o d Be am i a bl e ; .

be pi o u s ; be fri en dly ; be a s s i d u o u s i n b e n ev o l en c e t o
a ll li v i n g c reat u r e s Fo r p ro sp erity d e s c en d s u p o n
.

m o d e s t w o rth a s wa t er fl o ws t o wa rd s l o w g r o u n d
, .

D h ruv a an swere d : M o th er th e wo rd s th at y o u “
,

h av e a d d re s s e d t o m e f o r m y c o n s o l ati o n fi n d n o pl a c e
, ,

i n a h e art t h at c o nt um ely h a s b r o k en I will ex ert .

m y self t o o bta i n s u ch el ev at e d ra nk th at it sh all be ,

r e ver e d by th e w h o l e w o rld Th o u gh I be n o t b orn .

o f S u ru ch i t h e b el ov e d o f th e ki n g y o u sh all b eh o ld
, ,

m y gl o ry wh o a m y o u r s o n Let U tt am a m y b r o th er
,
.
, ,

h er child p o s s e s s t he th r o n e gi v en t o hi m by m y fath er
,
.

I wi s h fo r n o o th er h o n o u rs th an s u ch a s m y o wn
a cti o n s s h al l a cq u i re s u ch a s ev en m fa th er h a s n o t
y ,

enj o y e d .

H av i ng th u s s p o k en D h ruv a went fo rth fro m hi s ,

H e qu itt e d th e city a n d e n t ere d

’
m o th er s dw elli n g .
,

an a dj o i n i n g thick e t wh er e h e b e h e ld s ev en M u n i s
, ,

s ittin g u p o n hid e s o f th e bl a ck a n t el o p e which th e y ,

h a d t ak en fro m o ff th e i r p er s o n s a n d s p r e a d o v er th e ,

h o ly K u s a gra s s S a l u ti n g th em rev ere nti ally an d bow

’

.
,

i n g h u m bly b efore th e m th e p ri n c e s a id : B eh o ld i n ,
“
,

m e v en era bl e m en th e s o n o f U tt an ap ad a b orn o f
, , ,

S uni ti D i ss ati sfi e d with t he w o rl d I app ear b efo re

.
,

y ou T .h e R i s hi s repli e d : T h e s o n of a ki n g an d
“
,

bu t fo u r o r fi v e y e a rs o f a ge th ere can be n o r ea s o n , ,

child why y o u sh o u l d be d i s s ati sfi e d w ith life Y o u

,
.

c ann o t be i n wa n t o f anythi n g whil st the kin g y o u r , ,

fath er r eig ns W e c an no t i m agin e th at y o u s u ff er th e

,
.

p ai n o f s ep arati o n from the obj e ct o f y ou r affe cti on s ;

I .
1 62 v ra U PU R ANA .

n or d o we b s erv e i n y o u r p ers o n a ny s ig n o f d i sea s e

o , , .

Wh at i s th e c a u s e o f y o u r d i s co n t en t ? T ell u s if it i s ,

k n o w n t o y o u rs elf .

D hru v a th en r ep eate d t o th e Ri s hi s wh at S a ra chi

h a d s p o k en t o hi m ; a n d w h en th ey h ad h e ard h i s ,

s t o ry ,
th ey s a id t o o n e a n o th e r : H o w s u rp r i s i n g i s “

th e v eh em en c e o f t h e K s h a tri y a n a t u re th a t r e s en t ,

m en t i s ch er i sh e d ev en by a chil d a n d h e c an n o t e ffa c e ,

fr o m hi s m i n d th e h a r sh s p ee ch e s o f a s t ep m oth e r ! -

S o n o f a K s h a triy a t ell u s if it be a g re e abl e t o th ee , , ,

wh at th o u h a st p r o p o s e d th ro u gh d i s s a ti s fa cti o n wi th ,

th e w o rl d t o a cc o m pli s h ,
-
I f th o u wi sh est o ur ai d i n .

wh a t th o u h a st t o d o d e cl a r e it fre ely : f o r we p er c ei v e
“

th at th o u art d e s i ro u s t o sp e ak .

D h ruv a s ai d : E x c e ll ent s a g e s I wi sh n o t f o r rich es ;

“
,

n e ith er d o I wa n t d o m i n i o n I a spire t o s u ch a st ati o n .

a s n o o n e b e fo re m e h a s a tt a i n e d T ell m e wh at I mu s t .

d o t o eff e ct th i s o bj e ct ; h o w I m ay r e a ch a n el ev a ti o n
,

s u p e r i o r t o a l l o th e r d ig n iti e s ( T h e R i s h i s sev e ra lly .

th u s repli e d ) M a ri chi s a i d : T h e b es t o f st ati o n s i s

.
“

n o t withi n th e r e a c h o f m e n w h o fa il t o p r o piti a t e Go r

v in d a . D o th o u p r i n c e wo r s hip th e u n d e c ayi n g
, ,

( A ch u ta )
y A t r i s a id :
. H e wi th w h o m th e fi r s t o f
“

spi r it s Jan ard an a i s pl ea s e d o bt ain s i mperi sh abl e

, , ,

d ig n ity I d e cl ar e u nt o y o u th e t ru th
. A n g ira s s a id : .

“
I f y o u d e s i re an ex alt e d st ati o n worship th at G ov in d a ,

i n wh o m i m m u t abl e a n d u n d e c ayi n g al l th at i s ex i s t s
“
, , .

Pul a s ty a s a i d : H e wh o a d o re s th e d i v i n e H a r i th e
“
,

s u p r em e s o u l s u p rem e gl o ry ,
wh o i s th e s u p r e m e ,

B ra h m a o bt a in s wh at i s diffic ult of att ai nm ent et ern al

, ,
”
lib erati o n Wh en th at J a n ard a n a o b se rv e d K rat u
.
“
,

wh o i n s a c r ific e s i s th e s o u l o f s a c rific e a n d wh o i n
, , , ,
 vrs u rm PU RANA
’

1 64 .

c t bl e o r i s m an ife st a s B rah m a Vi sh n u an d S iv a !
s ru a , , ,
’1

Thi s p ray er which w a s fo r m erly u ttere d by y o u r ,

g ran d s ire th e Mann S w ay ani bh u v a a n d p ro piti at e d by

,
'

which Vi s h n u c o n ferre d u p o n hi m th e p r o sp er ity h e

,

d e s ire d an d w hich wa s u n e q u all e d i n th e th ree w o rld s

, ,

i s t o be r e cit e d by th e e D o t h o u c o n st an tly r ep e a t .

thi s p ray e r f o r th e grati fic a ti o n o f G ov in d a

,
.

i t cti f th Ri h i
T he m t t th p f m c
ns ru o ns o e s s a oun o e er o r an e

of th Y g Ext l imp i
e ofi t t b b i t d by
a . ern a re s s ons a r e ,
rs ,
o e o v a e

p tic l p iti
ar m du ar f b th i g & T h m i d m t
os ons ,
o es o r ea n ,
c . e n us

th b fi x d t h bj ct f m d it ti th i i D ha i N x t
en e e on e o e o e a on : s s ra i a . e

c m th m d it ti
o es D h y a ; d th th J p
e i d ibl
e a o n or na an en e a a or n au e

rep titi f M a t
e h t p y
on o i th t x t T h a b n ra o r s or ra er : as n e e . e su

j t f th Y g i m f lly d t il ed i
ce o e b q tb k o a s ore u e a n a su se u en oo .

afi wn 3 1 5 23 1 1 1 : m a?! ll
'

fi
‘ “ -
o
a

Om ! G l y or t o V as u d ev a, has the f
orm of Hi rany agarbha, a nd

of s ou l , and of
p ra d lzdna when y et e vo v ed
n ot l ,
a nd who p os s es s e s the
n a u ret i t lli g c !of p u re n e en e
’
Manu , the ho ly s on of th e S e l f xi t t
-
e s en

B hma m tt
ra d t hi p y , J ad u ere s ra er . a n r a na, thy g rand s i re, o f y ore,
p ro

pi ti t d b t w d
a e him w lth t hi
,
es o e on ea o s i
w sh , ch su as i s hard t o be
ac q i d i th t h w l d T h f
u re n e ree or s . ere ore , da ily m tt i u er ng thi s p rayer ,
d tho t p piti at G i d
ou , oo, ro e ov n a .

For Hi rafiy agarbha a nd p r a dlzdna , s ee pp . 1 3 , 2 0 , 3 9, and 40, s up r a .

 C H A P T E R X II .

Dh c mm c c o
ru v a o f li gi t iti U
en e s a u rs e o re o u s a u s er es . ns u cc e ss fu l
att mpt f I d
e d hi m i i t
s o t d i t ct D hn ra an s n s e rs o s ra ru v a s
’
a tt en

ti th y pp l t Vi hn wh ll y th i f
on : e a ea
“

o s u, o a a s e r e a r s , a nd a pp e a rs

t o Dh Dh p i Vi hn d i i d t
r uv a . ru v a ra s e s s u, an s ra s e o th e s ki es

as th p l s te o e- ar .

T HE p ri n ce h a vi n g r e c e i v e d th ese i n s tru cti o n s r e

, ,

s e c tf u ll y s a l u t e d th e s a g e s and d ep art e d fr o m th e
p ,

fo re s t fully c o nfi din g i n th e a cc o m pli sh m en t of hi s

,

p u rp o s e s He r ep aire d t o th e h o ly pl a c e o n th e b ank s
.
,

o f th e Y am u n a c all e d M a d h u o r Ma dh u v an a (th e g ro v e
, ,

o f M a dh u) af t er th e d e m o n o f th a t n a m e wh o fo rm e rly
, ,

abid e d th er e S at r u gh n a (th e y o u n g er b r o th e r o f R am a
.
)
h av i n g sl ai n th e R ak sh a s a L av ari a th e s o n of M a dh u '

, ,

fo un d e d a city o n th e sp o t which wa s nam e d M ath u ra

—
, .

A t thi s h ly h i
o s r n e th e p u rifi e r fro m all si n which ,

e nj o y e d th e p r e s e n c e o f th e s a n ctifyi n g g o d o f g o d s

D hru v a p erfo rm e d p enan c e a s enj o in e d by M ari chi ,

a n d th e s a g e s H e c o nt em pl at e d Vi sh n u th e s ov ereign
.
,

o f al l th e g o d s s e a t e d i n hi m s elf Wh il s t h i s m in d
, .

w as wh olly a b s o rb e d i n m e d it ati o n t he m ighty H ari , ,

i d entical w ith a ll b ei n g s an d with al l n at ure s ( t o o k '

p o ss e ss i on o f hi s h eart) Vi sh n u b ei n g th u s p res en t .

i n hi s m i n d th e e arth th e s u pp o rt er o f el em en t a l life
, , ,

c o u l d n o t s u st ai n th e we igh t o f th e a s c etic A s h e .

s t o o d u p o n hi s l e ft fo o t o n e h em i s ph er e b e n t b en e ath ,

him ; an d w h e n h e st o o d u p o n h i s r ight th e o th er h alf

, ,

o f t h e e arth s a n k d o wn Wh en h e t o u ch e d th e eart h .

with hi s t o e s it sh o o k with all i t s m o u nt ai n s ; an d the

, ,
1 66 I H NU PU R ANA
V S .

i
r v er s an d th e s e a s w e re
tro u bl e d ; a n d th e g o d s p ar
t o o k o f th e u n iv er s al a gi tati o n .

T h e c el e s ti al s c all e d Y am a s b e i n g ex c e ss iv ely
a l arm e d th e n t o o k c o u n s e l w ith I n d r a h o w th e y s h o u ld
, ,

i nt erru pt th e d ev o u t ex erci s e s o f D h ruv a ; an d t h e

d iv i n e b e i n g s t e rm e d Ku sh m and a s i n c o m p a n y w ith
th eir ki n g c o m m e n c e d an x i o us e ffort s t o d i s tra ct hi s
,

m e dit ati o n s O n e a s s u m i n g t h e s e m bl an c e o f hi s
.
,

m o th e r S u n i ti s t o o d w ee p i n g b efo r e h i m a n d c alli n g
, , ,

i n t en d er a cc ents : M y s o n m y s o n d e s i s t fr o m d e
“
, ,

str o y i n g t h
y s tr en gth by th i s fe arfu l p e n a n c e I h av e .

g a in e d th ee m y s o n a ft er m u ch a n x i o u s h 0 p e Th o u
,
_

, .

c an s t n o t h av e th e cru elty t o qu it m e h elpl e s s al o n e , , ,

an d u n p ro t e ct e d o n a cc ou n t o f th e u n ki n d n e s s o f m
, y
r iv a l .Th o u a rt m y o n ly r efu g e I h a v e n o h o p e bu t .

th o u W h a t h a s t th o u a chil d but fiv e y ear s o l d t o

.
, ,

d o with rig o r o u s p en an c e ? D e s i s t fr o m s u ch fe arfu l

p ra ctic es th at yi eld n o b en efici al fru it F irs t c o m es
,
“

th e se a s o n o f y o u th fu l p a s ti m e ; an d w h en th a t i s o v er , ,

it i s th e tim e f o r st u d y Th en s u cc e e d s th e p er i o d o f
.

w o rl d ly e nj o y m e n t ; a n d l a s tl y t h at o f a u st e r e d ev o
, ,

ti on Th i s i s thy s ea s o n o f p a sti m e m y chil d H a st

.
,
.

th o u en g a g e d i n th e s e p r a ctic es t o p u t a n en d t o thin e
e x i s t e n c e ? Thy chi ef d u ty i s l o v e f o r m e D uti es are .

a cc o r di n g t o ti m e o f life L o s e n o t thy s elf i n b ewild er

.

i n g erro r D e si st fr o m s u ch u nright e o u s a cti o n s

. If .

n o t if th o u wilt n o t d e s i st fro m th es e a u st er iti e s I will

, ,

t erm in at e m y life b efo r e th e e .

But D h ru v a b e i n g w h olly i n t ent o n see i n g Vi sh n u

, ,

b eh eld n o t hi s m o th er w eepi n g i n hi s p re s en c e a n d ,

calli n g u p o n him ; a n d th e il l u s i o n cryi n g o u t Fly , ,

“
,

fly m y chil d : th e hid e o u s spi rit s o f ill ar e cro wding

,
 m P U RAN A
'

1 68 v rsnr

di stre s se d by th e au st eriti e s o f Dh ruv a we h a v e c om e ,

-

t o th e e f o r p r o t e cti o n A s th e m o o n i n cre a s es i n hi s
.

o rb d a y by d ay s o thi s y o u th a dv a n c e s i n c e s sa n tly
,

t o w ard s s u p erh um an p ower by hi s d ev o ti o n s T e rr ifi e d

,
.

by th e as c etic p ra ctic e s o f th e s o n o f U ttan ap ad a we ,

h av e c o m e t o th e e f o r succ o u r Do th o u all ay th e .

ferv o u r o f hi s m e ditati o n s W e k n ow n o t t o wh at
—
.

t
s a ti o n h e as pi r e s t o th e th ro n e o f I n d ra th e re g en cy ,

o f th e s o l a r o r l u n a r s ph er e o r t o th e s o v er eig n ty o f
,

r ich e s o r o f t h e d e ep H av e c o m p a s s i o n o n u s , l o r d :
.

r e m o v e thi s a fflicti o n fro m o u r b r e a st s D i v e rt th e .

s o n o f U t t an ap ad a fro m p er sev er i n g i n h i s p en a n c e .

Vi sh n u repli e d t o th e g o d s : T h e l a d d e s i reth n eith er

“

t he ran k o f I n d ra n o r th e s o l ar o rb n o r th e s o v er
, ,

e i gnty o f w e alth or o f t h e o c e an A l l th a t h e s ol i cit s .

I wil l g rant R et urn th erefo re d eiti es t o y o ur m an

.
, , ,

s i o n s a s y e li s t ; a n d be n o m ore a l arm e d
, , I w ill p ut .

a n e n d t o th e p en an c e o f th e bo w h o se m i n d i s i m
y ,

m er s e d i n d eep c o n t em pl ati o n .

T h e g o d s b ei n g th u s p a ci fi e d by th e s u p re m e s al u t e d
, ,

h i m resp e ctfu lly an d r eti r e d an d p re c e d e d by I n d ra

, , , ,

r e t urn e d t o th e i r h abit ati o n s Bu t H ari wh o i s al l

.
,

thin g s a s s u m i n g a sh ap e with fo u r arm s p ro c ee d e d

, ,

to D h ru v a b e i n g pl e a s e d with h i s i d en tity o f n at ure

, ,

a n d th u s a d d re s s e d h i m : S o n o f U ttan ap ad a be p ro s
“
,

p ero ns C o n t ent e d with thy d ev o ti o n s I the giv er o f

.
, ,

b o o n s am p r esen t D em an d wh at b o o n th o u d e s i rest
,
. .

In t h a t th o u h a s t wh o lly d i s re g ar d e d ex t ern a l o bj e ct s ,

a n d fix e d thy th o u ght s o n m e I a m w el l pl e a s e d wi th ,

th ee A sk th erefo r e a s u it abl e r ewa rd

.
, ,
T h e boy .
,

h e ari n g th e s e wo r d s o f th e go d o f g o d s o p ene d h i s ,

ey e s , an d b eh oldi ng th at H ari wh o m he h a d b efo re

, ,
 B OO K C HA P . xi1 . 1 69

s een i n hi s m e dit ati o n s,

ctu ally i n hi s p resen c e b ear a ,

i n g i n hi s h an d s th e s h ell th e di s c u s th e m a c e th e
, , , , ,

bow a n d s ci m et ar an d c r o w n e d with a di a d em h e , ,

b o w e d hi s h ea d d own t o e arth : the h a ir st o o d ere ct

o n h i s b ro w a n d hi s h eart w a s d ep r e s s e d w ith awe
, .

H e r efl e ct e d h o w b es t h e sh o u ld o ffer th an k s t o th e
o d o f g o d s wh a t h e c o u ld s a i n h i s a d o ra ti o n w h a t
g ,y ,

wo rd s wer e c ap a bl e o f ex p re s s i n g h i s p ra i s e ; a n d b ei n g ,

o v er wh el me d w ith p erpl e x ity h e h a d r e c o urs e f o r , ,

”
c o n s ol ati o n t o th e d e ity ,
I f h e ex cl a i m e d the .
“
, ,
“

l o rd i s c ont ent e d with m y d ev o ti o n s l et thi s be m y

—
,

r ew a r d th at I m ay k n o w h o w t o p ra i s e hi m a s I w i sh
, .

HOw can I a chil d p ro no u n c e hi s p r a i s es wh o s e a b o d e

, , ,

i s n nkn o wn t o B r a hm a a n d t o o th ers l e arn e d i n th e

Ve d a s ? My h e art i s o v erfl o wi n g with d ev o ti o n to
th e e O l o rd g ran t m e th e fa c u lty wo rthil y t o l ay m i n e
.
,
’
a d o ra ti o n s a t th f ee t
y .

W hil s t l o wly b o win g w ith h i s h an d s u plift e d t o hi s ,

fo reh e a d G ov i n d a th e l o r d o f th e wo rl d t ou ch e d th e
, , ,

s o n o f U t t an ap ad a wi th th e tip o f h i s c o n ch sh ell And -

.

i m me d i at ely th e ro y a l y o u th w ith a c o u nt en an c e sp ark ,

lin g w ith d elight p rai s e d re sp e ctfully th e i m p eri s h abl e

,

p ro t e ct or o f liv in g b ei ng s I v en erat e e x cl ai m e d .
“

D h ru v a him wh os e form s are e arth w ater fire air

“
'

, , , , ,

e th er m i n d
,
i n t ell e ct th e fi rst e l em en t (Ah amk ara)
,
*
, ,

p rim ev al n at u re a n d th e p u re s u btil e al l p erv a di ng

, , ,
-

s o ul th at s u rp a s s es n at u re s l S al u t ati o n t o th at s pirit
,
'

th at i s v o id o f q u aliti e s ; th at i s s u p rem e o v er all th e

e l em e n t s a n d al l t h e o bj e ct s o f s e n s e o v er i n t ell e ct
“

, ,

Bhutddz S ee m y rs
'

. fi t no e t i n p . 3 3, sup r a .

i H ere, and i n the n e xt t c

s en e n e , t
n a u re i s f or p r a dlzana
’

. S ee m y
firs t t no e in p 2 0, . su p r a .
1 70 V S I H NU PU BABA .
‘

o v er n a ur e tpi rit I h av e ta k en refu g e with that

an d s .

p u re fo rm o f thi n e O s u p rem e which i s o n e with , ,

B rah m a wh ich i s spi rit w hich tran s c en d s al l th e wo rl d

, , .

S al u tati o n t o th a t fo rm which p erv a din g an d s u pp o rt

.

i n g all i s d e s ig n at e d B ra h m a u n ch a n g e abl e an d co n
, , ,

t em p l at e d by r el igi o u s s a g e s T h o u art th e m al e w ith .

a th o u s a n d h ea d s a th o u s a n d e y e s a th o u s a n d fe et
, , ,

wh o tra v er se st th e u n iv er s e a n d p a s s e st t en i n ch es ,

b ey o n d i t s c o n ta ct Wh at ev er h a s b een o r i s t o be .
1
,

th a t Pur u sh o ttam a th o u art F ro m th e e sp ran g Vi raj

, ,
.
,

S waraj S am raj an d A d hip u r u sh a

,
2
T h e l o wer a n d
,
.
,

u pp e r an d m i d d l e p art s o f th e e a rth ar e n o t i n d e
,
-

p en d en t of th e e F ro m th ee i s al l thi s u n iv ers e all

.
,

tha t h a s b e en a nd th at sh all be ; a n d al l thi s w orl d i s

,

i n th ee a s s u m i n g th i s u n i v ers al fo rm
,
Fro m t he e i s .
3

T hett t cth i p g t i m ply m e ly

o m m en a o r u n d e r s a n d s s as sa e o re ,

t h t th p m p d b t h b t c d p c ; b i g i
a e su re e e r va es o su s an e an s a e e n n

fi it ly t a d with t l im it H i g th
n e va s
‘
,
n d h d & ou . av n a o u s an ea s
’
,
c .

d t
eno es ly i fi it x t i ; d th t i ch b y d th
on
‘ n n e e en s on an e en n es e on e

c t c t f th i
on a oxp m ly t icti by i t
e u n ve rs e
’
e r es s e s ere n o n - re s r on s

b d i I wat s u uvl : I m
’

oun ar es .

s ume
2
E xpl i a ned ,
s e v e ra lly ,
th e B ra h m and a or ma t i
e r a l u n v e rs e ; i
B r ahm c t ;
a, th e re a o r M an u , t he l
r u er o f th e p i er o d ; a nd s u p re me
or p i d i g pi it
re s n s r .

3
S th i c ipti
o e ns r on u p on th e t mpl
e e of Sa i s : T ye) s iy t fl o w

y e
yo v dg , xa i ii i »,
.
xa i S o the O r h p ic v er s e , cit ed

by E u
use bi us, b gi i
e n n ng :
'
E 1 1 J G d ey
’
id E wa x u x l ei t m 21
’ ’

fi a o rl u o v éu n a
‘
( 1 o z 1
a g p , . . .

‘
O ne re
g a l b dy o i n wh h ic a ll th i n
gs ar e c mpo r eh e n d e d ( vi z .
,

V i raj ) , fi re , th i d i gh t
a nd d d y
wa t er ,
a nd e ar ,
a nd a r ,
an n ,
an a ,

a d I t lli g c ( i
n n e M h t) t h fi t g
en e t d di i l v z ., a a , e rs e n e ra o r, an v ne o ve :

f l l th J pit i cl d i hi x p i f m I t p ’
or a d ese o es u er n u e n s e ans v e or . ro

d
ce e l p ci ly i th P anik t i t d c ib th m m
s, a so, re se n e au r s ra n, _
o es r e e e
 1 72 v rs u NU PU BANA .

th e e a s o n e wi th al l ex i sten c e Bu t th e s o ur ce s o f
,
.

pl ea s u re a n d o f p ai n s i ngly o r bl en d e d d o n ot ex i st , , ,

i n th e e wh o art ex em pt fro m all q u aliti es

,
S al u t ati o n .
1

t o th e e th e s ubtil e r u d i m e n t which b ei n g s i n gl e be
, , , ,

c o m e s m an ifo ld S al u t ati on t o th ee s o u l o f ex is t en t
.
,
’

thin g s i d en tic al with th e g re at el em en t s T h o u i m

,
.
,

p eri sh abl e art b eh el d i n spirit ual kn o w l e dg e a s p er

, , ,

c ep t ibl e o bj e ct s a s n a t u re a s s pi r it a s t he w o rld
, as , , ,

B rahm a a s M an u by in t ernal c o n t em pl ati on Bu t

,
*
,
.

th o u art i n al l th e el em en t o f al l : th o u art all a ss u m in g

, ,

e v e ry fo rm : all i s fro m th e e ; a n d th o u art fr o m thy s elf .

I s al u t e th ee u n iv ersal s o ul Gl o ry be to th ee ! Th o u
,
.

a rt o n e w ith al l thi n g s O l ord o f al l th o u art p res ent .

,

1
In li f
li i g b i g p c pti d p d t cc d i g
e ,
or v n e n s ,
er e on e en s no ,
a or n

to H i d m t p hy icn u p th x t l e a ; b t ths im s ,
u on e e e rna s en s e s u e

p i m d p th m
re s s o n s c mm ic t d t th m t l g
a e u on e ar e o un a e o e en a or an

d by th m i d t th
o r s en s e , an d t d i g—S m i d (W ) e n o e un er s a n n a v

i th t x t —by w h ich t h y
n e e d i ti g i h d pl bl p i e a re s n u s e as e a s u ra e, a n

f l
u ,
mi x d
or B t pl d p d e p th q lity f g d
. u e a s ure e en s u on e ua o oo

; p i
n es s t h t f d k ; d th i m i x t
a n ,
on th t
a f o ar n es s an e r u re , on a o

f l
o u n es si h t i th d t d i g p p ti b l g i g t
,
n ere n n e un er s a n n . ro er es e on n o

Ji w v es
'

g dara , w it h li f or t m b d i d pi it b t t
o as o ne e, or o e o e s r ,
u no

as P m éwar a p m pi it
e ara o r s u re e s r .

T hou art re ard ed

g , i n m en t l cti
a a on , as th e l
ev o v e d , as p r a d ha na ,
'

as s pi it ; r as uzr a
’ '

j ,
s a mra
] , a n d s wa m] ; as , am o ng s ou s , l the i p i bl
m er sha e
”
s ou l .

Fo r p ra d lzau a , the s am e as s ee my fi t t i p
rs no e n . 1 8 , and

fi t
the rs i n p 2 0 , s up r a . . It is a lza fizlca r a ,
'

&c . th t i m t a s ea n by the “

l
e v o v ed v i sa, p r a dhana Pr a dhana , u nqu a ed , i s here to be lifi t
ake n as

l
u n ev o ved . Viraj , t ummy , and aware; are we kno wn e h n ll -
t c ic liti a es of

th V d a t phil
e phy
e n a os o .

Th S p m e d i u re e, u n er var ous as p ct
e s, i s d es c ib d
r e in h t i c pl t s ou e .
 BOOK C HA P . x11 . 1 73

i n al l th i n g s . W h at
'

ca n I s ay u nt o th ee ? T h o u kn o we st
all th at i s in th e h e art 0 s o ul o f al l s ov ereig n l o r d o f
, ,

al l c r e a t u r e s o r igi n o f a ll th i n g s
,
Th o u wh o a rt al l .
,

b e i n g s kn o w e s t th e d e s i re s o f all c re at u re s T h e d e s i re
,
.

th a t I ch eri s h e d h a s b een gra tifi e d l o r d by th ee M y , ,

.

d e v o ti o n s h av e b ee n cro wn e d w ith s u cc es s i n th a t I ,

h av e s e en th e e .

Vi sh n u s a i d t o D h ru v a : T he o bj e ct o f thy d ev o ti o n s
“

ha s i n t ruth b ee n a tt a i n e d i n th a t th o u h a s t s e en m e :
, , ,

f o r th e s igh t o f m e y o un g p ri n c e i s n ev er u n p ro d u ctiv e
, ,
.

A s k th erefo re o f m e w h a t b o o n th o u d e s i re s t : f o r
, ,

m en i n wh o s e s igh t I a pp e ar o bt ai n al l th e i r w i s h e s .

To thi s D h ru v a a n swere d : L o rd g o d o f all creat ures

,
“
,

wh o abi d e s t i n th e h e art s o f al l h o w s h o u l d th e ,

wi s h th at I ch eri sh be u n k n o wn t o th e e ? I w ill c o n fe s s
u n t o th e e th e h o p e th a t m p res u m pt u o u s h e art h a s
y
-

en t e rt a i n e d ; a h o p e th a t it w o u ld be d ifficu lt t o g ra tify ,

bu t th a t n o thi n g i s d iffic u lt wh en th ou cr ea t o r o f t he , ,

wo rld art pl e a s e d Th r o u gh thy fav o u r I n d ra r eig n s

*
.
, ,

o v e r th e th r ee w o rld s T h e s i s t er qu e en o f m y m o th er
.
-

‘
h a s s a id t o m e l o u dl y a n d a rr o g a n tly : T h e ro y a l
,

th ro n e i s n o t fo r o n e wh o i s n ot b o rn o f me : a n d I ’

n o w s o licit o f th e s u pp o rt o f th e u n iv e r s e a n e x alt e d

s t a ti o n s u p e ri o r t o al l o th er s a n d o n e th a t sh all e n d u re
, ,

f o r e v er Vi sh n u s a id t o him z T h e sta ti o n th at th o u
.
“

a sk es t th o u sh a lt o bt a i n : f or I wa s s a ti s fi e d with th e e ,

o f ol d i n a p r i o r e x i s t en c e
, Th o u wa st fo rm erly a .
, ,

B rah m an w h o se th o u ght s were e v er d ev o t ed t o m e

, ,

ev er d utifu l t o thy p ar ent s a n d o b s erv a n t o f thy d u ti e s

, .

In c o u rs e of tim e a p ri n c e b e c am e thy fri en d wh o wa s

, ,

Maghavat, i n the or i gi l na .
1 74 VI S H N U PU RANA .

i n th e p e ri o d of
y o u th i n d ulg e d i n al l s en s u a l pl e a s u re s , ,

a n d w a s o f h a n d s o m e a pp e a r a n c e a n d el e g a n t fo rm .

B eh o l d i n g i n c o n s e q u en c e o f a s s o ci atin g with hi m h i s
, ,

a ffl u e n c e o u fo rm e d th e d e s i re th a t m ight b
y , y o u e

s u b se q u e n tly b o rn a s th e s o n o f a ki n g ; a n d a cc o r di n g
’

t o y o u r w i s h y o u o bt a i n e d a p r i n c ely birt h i n th e
, ,

ill u stri o u s m an s i o n o f U ttan ap ad a Bu t th at which .

wo u l d h av e b e en th o u ght a g re at b o o n by o th ers birth ,

i n t h e r a c e o f S w ay a m bh u v a y o u h a v e n o t s o c o n ,

s i d e re d a n d th ere fo r e h a v e p ro p iti at ed m e
, , T h e m an , .

Wh o wo r ship s m e o bt a i n s sp ee d y lib erati o n fro m life .

W h a t i s h e av e n t o o n e w h o s e m i n d i s fi x e d o n m e ?
A s t ati o n sh all be a s s ig n e d t o th e e D h r u v a a b ov e th e , ,

th ree wo rl d s ; o n e i n which th o u s h alt s u s ta i n th e sta rs

1

an d th e pl a n e t s ; a St ati o n a b o v e th o se o f th e s u n th e ,

mo o n M ar s th e s o n o f S o m a (M er c ury) V en u s th e
, , , ,

s o n o f S ti r a ( S a t u rn) a n d a ll th e o th e r c o n s t ell a ti o n s ;
y ,

a b o v e t h e r e gi o n s o f th e s e v e n R i s hi s a n d th e div i n iti e s

T he s a t ti on or s ph er e is th t a of the n o r th p o l e , or of th e

p l o ar s art fo m e c as e th e s t a i s c o ns i d e ed t o be
. In th e r r , r r

S u n i ti t h e m o t h e o f D h v
,
T h e l eg e n d ra lth o
g h a s it
ru i s a .
, u ,

r e l a t e d i n o r t e x t it d i ffe s i n i t s ci c m s t a n c e s
u ,
f o m th e s t o y
r , r u ,
r r

t o l d by O vi d o f C alli s t o and h e s o n A ea s w ho m J ov e
, ,
r r ,

I m p o su it cael o v i ci na qu e s i d e a fe cit r ,

t
s u gg e s s s o m e s u s pici
i g i l i d tity I ith f th on of a n or na en . n ne er o e

au th h
or witi p h p th p m iti f bl I t i i d t
es av e e , er a s, e ri ve a e . s ev en ,

f m th q t ti
ro th t pe tly f ll w i th t x t f t z
uo a o n, a r es e n o o s n e e ,
o a s an a

by U t h t th P
'

s a n as h ,
t th ld t
a i f th e u ra n a as no e o es v ers o n o e

l g d ; d O id
e en p e t ti
an f it i ft v f hi’
f hi
s re res n a on o s a er a as on o s

o w A ll th t h b
n . t i d O f th i g i l i th c f m ity
a as e e n re a n e e or na s e on o r

o f th ch cte d f th m i i ci d t th t
ara e rs l ti anf o e a n n en , e ra ns a on o a

m th d h th h c t ll ti i wh ich
p l—
o er t an er s o n o e e av e ns , as o ns e a o ns ,
n

th e t i th m t
o e s ar pi l mi y s e os CO D S Cll O ll S u na r .
1 76 V S I H NU PU RANA .

Kh nd ) A g i d N a d iy m ch t th m p p t
( S wa rg a a a ,
n ,
an ra a, u o e sa e ur or ,

and p tly i th
ar m w d n se sa t x t T h B hme d it
or s, a ou r e . e ra a, an s

dou bl th H i V m th M t y
e, e ar d V ay
a m sa ly ll d
, e a s a, an u , ere a u e

h i g b t f d by B hm a t th k i i
’
to Dh ru v a s av n e en r a n s er re , ra , o e s e s, n

rew d f hi
ar ot iti Th
s t y f hi li gi
au s e r es p . c e s or o s re ou s ena n e

and d ati f Vi h n
o ra on m ot b m b lli h m t i t
s u see s o e an e e s en n er

p l t d by th V i h n
o a e P e ; Dh a s b i g d pt d
a va u r a n as ru v a e n a o e ,
as a

i t by th i ct T h ll i t S an ta i
sa n , e r se . t t c c
e a us on o u ,
n o ur ex , o n u rs

with th f m f th e t y it pp
or o l wh e t
s ori d ic t as a e a rs e s e er e , o n a e

th p i
e ity f th m
r or i m pl l g d
o e ore s e e en .
 C H AP T E R XI I I .

P t ity
o s er of Dh V hi i m pi ty h i p t t
ru v a . L e g en d of en a : s e : e s u o

d th by th Ri h i
ea A c hy e T h p d cti
s f s . nar e n s u es . e ro u on o

Ni had s d P th ath l tt th fi t k i g T h i g i n
an r1 u : e a e1 , e rs n . e or

o f S ut d Mag dh
a th yan m t th d ti f k i g a a : e e nu e ra e e u es o n s .

P th ri c mp l E th t ck wl d g e hi th ity h l l
u o e s ar o a no e s au or : e ev e s

it i t d c c lti ti
: n ro u ct citi E th c ll d ft hi m
es u va o n z e re-
s es . ar
“

a e ,
a er ,

P thi i typifi d
rl v : w e as a co .

PA RA S A BA .
—
Th e s on s o f D h ruv a by ,
hi s w ife Sam
bhu , were Bh av y a an d Sli shti . S u ch chh ay a, th e wife
of l atter w a s th e
th e o f fi v e v i rt u o u s s o n s ;
,
m o th er
Rip u Rip unj ay a Vip r a Vri kal a a n d Vr1 kat ej a s T he
, , , ,
.

s o n o f R ip u by Brih at i w a s th e ill u s t ri o u s Ch ak s h u sh a
, ,
.

wh o be get th e Ma n n Ch ak sh u sh a o n P u sh k ari n i o f t h e ,

fa m ily o f Var u n a th e d au ght er o f th e v en erabl e p at ri

,

a r ch A n a ra n a T h e M a n u h a d by hi s wife N a d v al a
y .
, ,

t h e d a u ght er o f th e p a t ri a
r ch V a ir a a
j t e n n o bl e s o n s : ,

Uru P u ru d Sat a d y u m n a T apa swi n S at y av acl1 Ka v i

,
’

, , , ,

A gn i sht o m a , A ti r at ra , S u d y u m na , and Abhi m any u .

T h e wife
=
Agn ey 1 b o re six e x c ell e n t s o n s :
o f Uru ,
’

A ng a S u m an a s S wati K rat u A u gi ras a n d S iv a A n g a

.
, , , , ,
.

h ad by hi s wife S u n i th a o nly o n e s o n n am e d V en a
, , , ,

w h o s e right arm w a s r ubb e d by th e R i s hi s fo r th e , ,

p u rp o s e of p r o d u ci n g fro m it p ro g en y F ro m th e arm .

o f Ve n a th u s r ubb e d sp ran g a c el eb ra t e d m o n ar ch
, , ,

P f
ro e s s or W il s on i nad ver e n t tly p t N l u
“
av a a

1 Pd ru 15 t he o l d f rm
er o o f t hi s w d f i t c or ,
as , or ns an e , i n the Rig
v ed a , Sakunta l a , &c .

I .
 v rs nuu Bu RArIA
'

1 78 .

n am e d Pr1 thu , by wh o m , i n old en tim e ,

th e ea rth wa s
1
m ilk e d f o r th e a d v an a t ge of m an ki n d .

T h e d es c t i m il ly t c d i
en of Pr1 thu f
ro m D hr u va is s ar ra e n

th M t y P
e a s an b t w ith a m i ty f m ncl t
ar a, Th u so e va r e o no e a u re . u s,

th w i f
e f Dh e oi m d D h ya d th ru vald t f th s na e an , an e e es s on o e

M a n n, T T h V ay i t d c
a ru th g ti ; m k i g
e u n ro u es an o er e n er a on a n

f Sl i hti — th t m d P hti —f th f
.

th e eld t es son o s ,
o r, as er e er e , us ,
a er o

U d a d hi ra d th l tt , th f th r f R ipu t h f th
an e f Ch a er , e a e o , e a er o a

k h h
s us t h f th a, f th M i e T h B hag a t h ”er o lm t e ar n . e a va a as a n a os

en ti l y d i ff
re t t f m h i g c
e r en t d th f m ily f
se o na es av n o n v er e e a o
'

Dh i t p
ru v a i fi ti n o f di i i f ti m
er s o n d f d y d ca o ns o v s o ns o e an o a an

n i gh t T h cc t th g i
. e i D h a h d by hi wi f
a ou n er e v en s : ru v a , s e

Bh mi ( ra l i g) th d ght f S m a a(th ph ) K lp
r e vo v n ,
e au er o l su r e s er e ,
a a

an d V t T h e l tt
a s ara m i d Sw i thi d h d i
. a er a rr e a rv , an a s x s o ns :

P hp ari
us T igm k t r a, I h Uj V J y Th fi t m i d
a e u, s a, r a, a su, a a . e rs a rr e

P bh a a d D h a
ra d h d
n by th f m P at os ,
an a ,
e or er , r as

M d hy d i
a
( an
) d S ay
na ( i g ) d
n oon by th l tt ,
an a ev e n n ,
an ,
e a e r,

d V y hf th b g i i g m i dd l
'

P d h N i i th an d nn n
“

ra os a s a us a or e e , e an
, , , ,

en d f i gh t
o Th l t h n by P hk i ni Ch k h m i d
. e as as ,
us ar ,
a s us ,
arr e

t A k ati
o d t h f th ,
f C hak h h M
an H he tw l
a er o s us a anu . e as e ve s o ns

P u ru , K t T it D y m S ty t Bit j V t A g i ht m
u s a, r a, u na , a a va , a
'
r a a, n s o a,

A ti at r P dy m ra Sibi
, d U lm k
ra T h l t i t h f th
u na , ,
an u a . e as s e a er

o f i s x m ds o ns , i t x t x c pt th l t wh i c ll d
na e as n ou r e ,
e e e as ,
o s a e

G y 1 T h l d t A g i th f t h f V
a a . e e es th f th ,
f n a ,
s e a er o en a ,
e a er o

Pri th Th u .d d iti i d tly th c t

ese a f th tho n s a r e, ev en , e r e a u re s o e au
’
or s

i m g i ti
a na Th B a hm on P ai . d H i V ms h e thr a ur i a an ar a a a ve e

sa m g e l gy th Vi hn ;
e ne a o di g d th M t y
as d e s u r ea n , as o e a s a an

Vay P hk i i i Vi m th d ght f Vi i i t d f
u ,
us ar r or ra ,
e au er o ra r a , n s ea o

V n Th y , w ll
a ru a . pi f th t x t p
e as t l e as Co es o e e ,
r e s en s evera

IV .
, 10 and 1 3 .

1 Profes s or W
‘
il o
s n had “
Rita an d “
Dhri ta
'
i t
ns e ad of

Ku t s a, Tr it a, an d R it a .

I T he Bhag a va ta p urari a
.
-
l a so has Khy ati , i t ns ead of S wa ti . And s ee

my s e ond c no e t i n the ne xt p ag e .
 1 80 vrs ufiu PUBAtIA
’

fr u it o f which w il l r ev ert t o y o u Vi shn u

'

1
ti o n o f the .
,
*
t h e g o d o f o bl ati o n s b e i n g p ro piti ate d with s a c rific e ,

by u s w ill gra nt y o u O ki n g al l y o u r d e s ires Th o se

, , ,
.

p ri n c es h av e al l th e i r wi sh e s gratifi e d i n wh o s e r eal m s ,

H a ri the l ord o f s a crific e i s a d o red with s a c rifici al ,

Wh o ex cl a im e d V en a i s s u p er i o r t o m e ?
.

r it e s .
,

Who b e sid e s m e i s en titl e d t o w o r ship ? W h o i s thi s

H ari wh o m y o u styl e the l o rd o f s a crific e ? B rahm a
, ,

J a n ard a n a S a m bh u I n d ra V ay u Y am a R av i ( th e
, , , , ,

s u n)
‘
H u t a bh uj ( fire ) Va r u n a Dh ati i P ash a n (t he
, , , ,

s u n) B hum i (earth) th e l o rd of n ight (th e m o o n)

, , ,

all th e s e a n d wh a t e v e r o th er g o d s th er e be wh o li st e n

t o o ur v o ws —all th ese ar e p r e s e nt i n th e p ers o n of a

,

ki n g T he e s s en c e o f a s o v ere i gn i s al l th at i s d iv i ne f j
.
'
.

C o n s ci o u s o f thi s I h av e i s s u e d m y c o mm a n d s : a n d ,

l o o k th at y o u o b e y th em Y o u are n o t to s a crifi ce n ot .
,

t o o ffe r o bl ati o n s n o t t o gi v e al m s A s th e fi r s t d u ty
, .

Of wo m en i s o b e di e n c e t o th e i r l o rd s s o o b s erv an c e ,
”
of m
“

y o r d e r s i s i n c u m b e n t h o ly m en o n
y ou G i ve , ,
.
“

c o m m a n d gre at ki n g r epli e d th e Ri sh i s th at pi e ty
, , ,
“

m ay s u ffer n o d e c re a s e A ll thi s w o rl d i s bu t a t ran s .

Th t i a s ill b f til i p p ti
,
t he th l and w e er e n ro or on as e gods
ar e p piti t
ro d ; d th k i g w ill b
a e fit cc d i gly
an e n en e a or n ,
as a xt
si h
p rt a of th m it e d f th p d c w ill b hi
er S th an o e ro u e e s . o e co m

m e n tat o r x pl i th w d p ti
e
‘
a ns W : Hfi W 3 e or or on
’
:

Yaj nap urusha . S ee m y no e t in p . 1 6 3 , sup ra .

1
.

m m W
A N

3 re n :
In pl c a e th g of
“
wha t ever o er o 11 to ou r v ows

r d wh t
ea
“
th g d b t w c
a ev er o bI i g er o s es o u rses or ess n s .

Th d f th
e en t z i g i fi lit lly A ki g i
o e s an a s n es , era :
“
n s made up of al l

th t i d i i
a s v ne .
 B OO K C HA P . x m . 1 81

m u t a ti o n of o if d ev o ti o n be s u pp re s s ed
bl ati o ns ; an d ,

th e worl d i s at a n e n d But V e na wa s e n tre at e d i n

.

v a i n ; an d alth o u gh th i s r e q u es t w a s r ep e a t e d by th e
,

sa g e s h e refu s e d t o giv e the o r d er th ey s u gg est ed

,
.

Th e n th o s e pi o u s M u n i s wer e fill e d with wrath an d ,

cri e d o u t t o e a ch o th er : Let thi s w ick e d wr et ch be “

'

sl ai n . T h e i m pi o u s m an wh o h a s re v il e d th e g o d o f
*
sa cr ifi ce wh o i s with o u t b e gi nn i n g or en d i s n o t fit
, ,

t o r e ig n o v er th e e ar th A n d th ey fell u p o n th e ki n g
.
,

a n d b e a t h i m with bl a d es o f h o ly g ra s s c o n s e c r at e d ,

by p ra y er an d sl ew him wh o h ad fi rs t b ee n d es tr o y e d
, ,

by h i s i m pi ety t o wa r d s g od
“

A ft erward s th e M u n i s b e h el d a g re at d u s t ar i s e ; an d
”
they s aid t o th e p e o pl e wh o were n igh : Wh at i s thi s ? “

A n d th e p eopl e a n s were d a n d s a i d : N o w th a t th e “

ki n gd o m i s w ith o u t a kin g th e di sh o n e st m en h av e ,

b e g u n t o s eiz e th e p ro p erty o f th eir n ei ghb o u r s T he .

g re at d u s t th a t y o u b eh o l d ex c ell en t M u n i s i s rai s e d
, ,

by tr o o p s o f cl u s terin g ro bb er s h a s t e n in g t o fall u p o n ,

th ei r p rey y T h e s a g e s h e arin g thi s c o n s u lt e d a n d

.
, , ,

t o g eth er ru bb e d th e thigh o f th e ki n g wh o h a d l e ft ,

F ro m th e thigh th u s
’

n o o ff s p r i n g t o p ro d u c e a s o n
, .
,

r u bb e d c am e f Orth a b e i n g o f th e c o m pl ex i o n o f a
,

ch arre d st a k e with fl att en e d fe a t ure s (lik e a n eg ro)

, ,
”
a n d o f d Wa rfi sh s t a t u r e Wh at am I t o d o ? cr i e d
.
“

h e e a g erly t o th e M u n i s S i t d own (n i sh i d a) s a i d
.
“
,

th ey : a n d th en c e hi s n am e w a s Ni sh ad a Hi s d e s c en d .

a nt s ,
th e i nh a bit a nt s o f th e Vi n d hy a m o u n t a i n gr ea t ,

M u n i a re s till c all e d N i s h ad a s an d are ch ara ct eriz e d by

, ,

Yaj nap u ru sha .

1 T here i s here
'
c id bl c
ons era e om res s on
p i i n the t rans a l ti on .
 v rs u r w PU BANA
'

1 82 .

‘
t he e x t er i o r t o k e n s of d ep rav ity . By thi s m eans th e
w ick e d n es s o f V en a was ex p ell e d ; th o s e N i sh ad a s b ein g
1
M t y y th w b
T he tc t b b
a s a sa c s er e ere o rn o u as or
’

ar ar o u s ra e s ,

Ml h hh (W
ec c as bl ck c lly i m T h B hag t as a as o r u . e ava a

d c ib
es r ind i i d l f d w fi h t t
es a n w ith h t m v d ua o ar s s a u re ,
s or ar s an

l g f c mpl x i
e s, o bl ck
a c w with p j cti g chi
o e on as a as a ro ,
ro e n n,

b dflt d y d t w y h i ; wh d c d t
“

ro a a nose , re e es ,
an a n a r ose es e n an s

w m
er e ti d f t
ou n a n e e rs T h P d m ( Bh mi Kh and ) an o r e s e rs .
*
e a a
'

11 a

has a si m il d c i pti ; dd i g t th d w fi h t t
ar d bl c k
es r on a n o e ar s s a ure a n a

c m pl x i
o ewid m on th l g ,
d p t b t b lly
a e ou ,
ar e e a rs ,
an a ro u era n e .

I t l p tic l i z hi p t ity Ni had K i at Bhi l l

a so ar u ar es s o s er as s as ,
r as a s,

B h ak
a an Bh h m as P li d ,
d th b b i ra a ra s , u n as ,
an o er ar ar an s or

Ml h hh ec li i g i w d d m t i
c as ,
Th p g
v n n oo s an on ou n a n s . ese as sa es

i t d dd
n en ,
t m ch x gg
an t th c th pp o no c f '

u e a er a e ,
e u n ou a ea ra n e o

th G d th ci ili d t ib c tt d
’

e d K l on Bhi l s ,
o es ,
s, an o er u n v ze r es ,
s a ere

l g th f t d m t i f c t l I d i f m B h to
a on e o r es s a n o u n a ns o e n ra n a , ro e ar

Bhag a va ta p ur a na , IV -
.
,
1 4 , 4 3 46

fafi fi rfi m fi tanner 1 1 31 1 13 : 1
W a m
“

a m at : n
m a masfi l g a rsfi m a m a
E xa m ( s t ra w s :
3 a fi rm 31 3 fat a fi fii fi r 3 1 13 3 1 1
fi f tm gw a u fl ur ry ra w “
-

m aim 3 1 1 1 3 1 W I T: 1

Bu rnouf t l ti i i t h w d
’
s rans a on s n es e or s

Ay t p i tt é l ti l Bichi
an r s cee t pi d m t l c i e r so u o n, es s s ecou re n ra e en a u ss e

d u i q il
ro i t t é t il
u
’
s tit i av a e n u , e en s or n u na n

N i c mmo r c b o y tl c p d xt em p tit
e un l or eau , a an e or s
’
u ne e r e e es s e, es

b c t l m a h i g d l pi d p tit l
ras ou r s ,
es e f cé l c o res ra n es ,
es e s e s ,
-
e n ez n on ,
es

y x eu g t l
rou ch x c i é
es e es ev eu u vr s .

P t é d nt
ros e rn l p i i Q f t il q j
ev a eu x ,
e au v re na n s e cr a : ue au -
ue e

f ? Et l B ahm
as s e l i ép di t A i d t i mi D 1 a l i
es r an es u r on ren : ss e s- o ,
a . e u

vi t l
n m d Ni had
e no e c a .

C td
“ ’
esc q t ti l N chad q i h bit t l c
e s a ra e u e s on s or s es a1 as u a en es av ernes

e t l m t g ; c t l i d t l i c ff c l f t t ibl
es on a nes car
’
es u on a na s s an e e a a a au e err e

d e Vena .
 vrsmt n PU BABA
'

1 84 .

T h e m ighty Pr1 th u , th e V ena b ei n g th u s i h s on o f ,

v es t e d w ith u n i v er s al d o m i n i o n by th o s e wh o w ere

s kill e d i n th e rit e s o o n r em o v e d th e g ri ev a n c es o f th e
,

p e o pl e wh o m hi s fath er h a d o pp res se d ; an d fro m win ,

n i n g th e i r a ff e cti o n s h e d eriv e d th e titl e o f R aj a or

’

ki n g T h e wat ers b e c am e s o li d wh en h e t rav er s e d

.
1
,

t h e o c e an : th e m o u n t a i n s o p en e d h i m a p ath : hi s ban;
n er p a s se d u n b r o k e n (th r o u gh th e fo res t s) : th e e arth
'

n ee d e d n o t c u ltiv a ti o n ; a n d at a th o u ght fo o d w a s , ,

p r ep are d : all ki n e w ere lik e th e c o w o f pl en ty : h o n ey

w a s s t o re d i n e very fl o wer A t th e s a crific e o f t he .

bi rth o f Pri th u which w a s p erfo rm e d by B rah m a the

, ,

i nt el l i gen t S ut a (h era ld or hard ) w a s p r o d u c e d i n t he

'

,
2
j u ic e o f th e m o o n pl an t o n th e v ery bi rth d ay At -
,
-
.

th a t g re at s a crifi c e al s o wa s p ro d u c e d th e a cc om pli sh e d -

Mag a d h a A n d th e h o ly s a g e s s aid t o th es e two p er

.

so n s : Prai s e y e th e ki n g Prith u th e ill u stri o u s s o n

“
,

o f V e n a Fo r thi s i s y o u r e s p e ci a l fu n cti o n an d h ere i s

.
,

a fit s u bj e ct f o r y o u r p ra i s e But th e y r e s p e ctfu lly .

r epli e d t o t h e B ra h m a n s : W e k n o w n o t the a ct s of “

th e n e w b o rn ki n g o f th e e arth
-
Hi s m er it s are n o t .

u n d e r s t o o d by u s : hi s fam e i s n o t s p r e a d a b r o a d In .

fo rm u s u p o n wh at s u bj e ct we m ay d il a t e i n hi s p ra i s e .

P ra i s e th e ki n g s a id th e Ri shi s f o r th e a ct s thi s ,
“

F ro m Rag (m ) a ,
p i a ss o n
’
or
‘a ff e cti on .
’
Bu t th e m o re
Ob iv ou s e ty m l gy i
( t)
fl o o pl d i d s R aj i ,
‘
to sh n e i ’
or
‘
be s en .
’

9
Th th
e bi th f P
i t b c i d d th c ific f
r o r1 u s o e o ns ere as e sa r e ,
o

w h ich B h m a th c t w th p f m B t i t h
ra ,
e r ea o r , as e er o r er . u ,
n o er

pl ca es, i th P d mas it i c i d d t h t
n e ct l c ifici l
a a , s ons e re a an a ua sa r a

rit w c l b t d t which th fi t c m i t w p d c d
e as e e ra e ,
a e rs en o as s ere ro u e .

T h Bhage t d es not cc t f th i pp
ava a o a o un or e ra ea ra nc e .
 B OO K C HAP . mm 1 85

h ero ic m o narch will p erfo rm : p rai s e hi m fo r th e v i rt ues

h e will di s pl ay .

Th e ki n g h e ar i n g th es e wo rd s wa s m u ch pl e as e d
, , ,

a n d r e fl e ct e d th a t p ers o n s a cq u i re c o m m en d ati o n b y
,

v i rt u o u s a cti o n s a n d th a t c o n s e q u ently hi s v i rt u o u s
, , ,

c o n d u ct w o u l d be th e th e m e o f th e e ul o gi u m wh ich
th e b a rd s wer e ab o u t t o p ro n o u n c e W h at ev er m e rit s .
,

th en th ey sh o u l d p a n egy riz e in th ei r en c o m i um h e
, , ,

d et erm i n e d th a t h e wo ul d e n d ea v o u r t o a cq u i re ; an d ,

if th ey sh o u ld p o i n t o u t what fa ult s o u gh t t o be av o i d e d ,

he w o u l d t ry t o s h u n th em H e th er efo r e li s t en e d .
, ,

a tt e n ti v ely a s th e s we e t v o ic e
,
d en c o m i as t s c el eb ra t e d
-

th e fu t ure v i rt u e s o f Prith u th e e n light en e d s o n o f V en a , .

T he ki n g i s a s p e a k er o f tr u th b o u n t e o u s a n o h , ,

se rv e r o f h i s p ro m i s e s He i s w i s e b en e v o l e n t p ati e n t
.
, , ,

v ali a n t a n d a t e rr o r t o th e w ick e d
,
He k n o w s h i s .

d u ti e s ; h e a ck n o wl e dg e s se rv ic e s ; h e i s c o m p a ss i o n a t e
a n d ki n d s p o k e n -
H e re s p e ct s th e v en e ra bl e ; h e p er
.

fo rm s s a crific e s ; he rev e ren c e s th e B rah m an s He .

ch er i sh e s th e g o o d a n d , i n a d m i n i st e ri n g j u s tic e i s
, ,

i n diff eren t t o fri en d o r f o e .

T h e v i rt u e s th u s c el eb rat e d by th e S 1 1 t a an d th e
’

Maga dh a were ch e ri sh e d i n th e rem em b ran c e o f th e

Raj a a n d p ra cti se d by h i m wh e n o cc a s i o n a ro s e Pr o
,
:
, ,

,
.

t eeti n g th i s e arth th e m o n arch perform e d m an y gre at

,

sa c rifici a l c erem o n i e s a cc o m p an i e d by lib era l d o n a

,

ti o n s Hi s su bj e ct s s o o n a pp ro a ch e d h i m s u fferi n g
.
,

fro m th e fa m i n e by which th ey w ere afflict e d ; a s al l .

th e e d ibl e pl an t s h a d p e r i s h e d d ur i n g th e s e a s o n o f
a n ar chy In r eply t o hi s q u e s ti o n o f th e c au s e o f th e ir
.

c o m i n g t h ey t o l d h im th a t i n th e i nt erv al i n which
, ,

th e ea rth w as w ith o u t a ki n g al l v e g et abl e p r od u ct s ,

 1 86
'

-
V IS HrIU PU RAfiA .

h ad b een withh eld a n d th at c o n s eq u ently th e p eo pl e

, , ,
“
h a d p er i s h e d Th o u s a i d th ey a rt the b e sto we r
.
,
.

o f s u b s i s t e n c e t o u s : th o u art app o i n t e d , by th e c re at o r ,

th e p r o t e ct o r o f th e p eo pl e Gran t u s v eg etabl es th e “

.
,

s u pp o r t of th e li v e s o f thy s ubj e ct s who are p eri shi n g ,

w ith h u n g er .

On h e ari n g thi s Pr1 th u t o o k u p h i s div in e bo w Aj a

,

g av a an d hi s c el esti a l a rro ws an d i n g reat wrath

, , , ,

, m a r ch e d fo rth t o a ss ai l th e E arth E ar th a s su m i n g .
,

th e fig ure o f a c o w , fl e d h a s tily f ro m ihi m a n d t rav er s e d , ,

thro u gh fe ar of th e ki n g th e re gi o n s o f B rah m a a n d ,

th e h e av e nly sph e res Bu t wh e re v er w ent th e s up

“

.
,

p o rter o f liv i n g t hi n g s th ere sh e b eh el d V ai ny a w ith ,

-

u plift e d we ap o n s
At l a s t tr em bli n g (w
.
-
ith t erro r) an d
, ,

a n x i o u s t o e s c ap e hi s a rr o ws th e E arth a dd r e s s e d ,

Pri th u th e h ero o f r e s i s tl e s s p ro w e s s
, K n ow y o u .
“

n ot , ki n g o f m en s a i d th e E arth th e sin o f kil lin g

“

,
“

a fem a l e th at o u th u s p e r s ev er i n gly s e e k t o s l ay me
, y
T h e p ri n c e repli e d : W h en th e h appi n e s s of m a n y i s
“

s e c ur e d by th e d e s t r u cti o n o f o n e m alig n an t b e i n g th e ,
”
d e ath o f th at b e i n g i s an a ct o f vi rt u e Bu t sai d .
“

th e E arth “
if i n o rd er to p ro m o t e th e W elfar e of y o u r
, ,

s u bj e ct s u t a n en d t o m e w h e n c e b e s t o f m on
y ou , p , ,
”
ar ch s will thy p eo pl e d eriv e th e ir su pp o rt ?
,
Di s “

”
o b e d i en t t o m
y ru l e r ej o i n e d Pr 1 th u if ,
I d es tro y ,
“

th e e I wil l s u pp o rt m y p eo pl e by th e e ffic a cy o f m y
,

o wn d ev o ti o n s Th en th e E arth o v erc o m e w ith ap

.
,

p reh en s i o n a n d trem blin g i n e v ery li m b r e sp e ctfully

, ,

s al u t e d th e ki n g a n d th u s s p ak e :
,
All u n d ert aki n g s “

ar e s u cc es s fu l if su it abl e m e ans o f effe cti n g th em are

,

e m pl o y e d I w ill i m p art t o y o u m ean s o f s u cc es s

.
,

w hich y o u can m ak e u s e o f if y o u pl e as e All v ege ,

.
1 88 v xs auu PU R ANA .

c ei v e d i nt o hi s o wn h an d f o r th e b en efit of
th e m ilk ,

m an kin d T h en c e p ro c e e d e d all kin d s o f c o rn an d

.

v e g et abl e s u p o n w hich p e o pl e s u b s i s t n o w a n d er
p
p et u all
y B y g ra n ti n g life t o th e E arth
. P r 1 th u was ,

a s h e r fa th er ; a n d sh e th e n c e d e r i v e d th e atro n m i c
’

p y
a pp el l a ti o n P rithi v i e d a u ght er o f Prith u )
( t h Th e n .

t h e g o d s th e s a g e s th e d em o n s th e R ak sh a s a s th e
, , , ,

G an dh a rv a s Y aksh a s P itri s s erp ent s m ou ntains a n d

, , , , ,

tree s t o o k a m ilki n g v e s s el s u it e d t o th e ir kin d an d

, ,

m ilk e d th e e a rth o f app ro p r i a t e m ilk An d the m ilk e r .

a n d t h e c alf wer e b o th p e c u li ar t o th e i r o wn s p e ci es .

M t y B h m B hag t
T he a s a ,
d P dm
ra t i t a ,
av a a ,
an a a en e r n o a

g r t
ea er d t il f t h i
e a m il k i g So p ci fiyi g stypic
-
lly th c l f t h
n ,
e n , a ,
e a ,
e

m il k th m il k
er , d th
e l Th,
an cc d i g t th M t y e v esse . us, a or n o e a s a,

th e Ri h i m il k d th
s s th th gh B h p ti ; th i c l f w
e e e ar ro u r1 as a e r a as

S m ; th V d
o a W e th e l ; d th m il k w d ti
as er e e v e ss e an e as evo on .

Wh en th g d m il k d th
e o t h th m il k w Mit (th
s e
);
e e ar ,
e er as ra e su n

I d w t h e c l f ; p h m n p w w th p d c T h
n ra as a su er u a o er as e ro u e . e

g d h d
o s g l d th P it ri
a a o il,
e l d f th l tt , s ,
a s v er ,
v e ss e : an or e a er

th e m il k w A t k
er
( d th) ; Y m w th c l f ; th m il k
as n a a ea a a as e a e

w as S w dh a a bl ti T h N ag
or o a k g d h d g d
on . e as o r sna e- o s a a our

for th i p il ; th i c l f w T k h k ; t i t a h t (th p t)
e r a e r a as a s a a ar s
'

ra e s er en

w as th i m il k ; d th i m il k w p i
e r er an F th A e r as o son . or e s ura s ,

May a w t h m il k ; V i
as h e th f P hl ad w th
roc a na ,
e son o ra a ,
as e

c l f ; th mil k w D wi mu d h ; d th
a e er as l w fi r an an e .
v es s e as o ro n .

Th Y k he am d V s as n t h i c l f ; th i
a e l w f
a l s ra v a a e r a e r . v es s e as o

un b k d th ; th m il k w th p w f d i pp i g T h
a e e ar e as e o er o sa ea r n . e

R ak h s d
asa s th mp l y d R py abh
an o e rs th e m il k ; o e au an a as e er

th i c l f w S m l i ; d th i mil k w bl d Chi t th
e r a as u a n an e r as oo . ra ra a

w as th c l f V
e a hi th m il k
,
a s u ru c f th G dh ,
d y mph e e r, o e an a rv a s a n n s,

wh m il k d f g
o e t d i t
ra ra n
p f l t lo O b h lf
o u rs n o a cu o o o s - ea v e s . n e a

o f th m e t i M w s th m il k ; H i m t th c l f ; th
o u n a ns ,
er u a e er av a ,
e a e

p il w f c y t l ; d th m il k w f h b d g m T h
a as o r s a an e as o er s an e s . e

tre e s x t ct d p i
e ra e l f th P l ; th S i l b i g th
sa n a v ess e o e a a sa e a e n e
 B OO K C HA P . mm .

Thi s E ar —
th th e m o th er , th e c pt a cl e
n u rs e , the re e

ex i s t e nt thi n g s—
,

an d n o ur s i h er ,
o f al l wa s p ro d u c e d fro m

m il k er ,
and th e Pl a k s h a ,
th e c lf
a . T he d e s c ipti
r o ns th t cc
a o ur

i n th e B h agav t a a ,
P a d m a , a nd B ra h m a P n
u r a a s a re , o cc i lly
a s o na ,

s li gh tlyi ; b t th y
v ar ed u e a re ,
f o r th e m o s t p t ar ,
i n the s ame

w d or th t f t h M t y
s as a o e a s a . Th ese m y s tifi ca ti o n s a re ,
al l ,

p b bly b q t m d ific ti
ro a ,
su se u en o a o ns o f i g i l i mpl ll g y
th e or na s e a e or ,

wh ich typifi d th th e e ear as a co w wh yi l d d t

,
oy cl fe e o e ve r a ss o

b i g th m il k t h y d i d
e n s e e e s re ,
or th bj ct f th i w i h
e o e o e r s es .

T he a cc ou n t g i ven i n the Bhdg a va ta p u m ha - —IV .

,
18 , 1 2 27
- —i i s n

th es e word s :

rfii fi fi
r fe ci
ga m m
‘

fin afi sf w
m gm u fi mm ag m j fi mfi : 1 :
m m a 1 1 673 a i rmen g m : 1
Fame : H “ Tami g i g : m r
gg r a
m uf f g g wfi fnfi zm
am a m mw a { m
m 1
f
—
a
gW
1 a a t?

m m W m
fm m ufi m é lm fis fi a 1m :
’

?
“

W W W W W l
W e? 1 1 m : t na
5m ”
m
m q rfi sg fi nfi t ra m: 1 1 1 1 : I
‘

fi es ta s a m 1 11 3 1 3 W W W
31
are
5 ffiafi sw m w fi rm s n
m m 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 13 1 1 1 8 11 3 31 1 1 1 1 : 1 1
n e w are lifi l i l fi ? d a m mi fi a
" ’

g
c

f ats mi te fi re1 1 1 1 a fam t

m
°
-
H
—
wi t a m fifi fi wm w u m g aw a m
m t nan w are a a s su m ed 41 u -

w a rts m nfi rfi mfi m fi fi rmufl :
: $1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 11
53
1 1 1 3 3 11 1
1
33 3
m en? an y “: 11 th m m ; W
tam are g g f fi a mé fi rst w : u
'
 V S I H NU P U RAN A .

th e s o l e of th e fo o t o f Vi sh n u A n d thu s . w as b o rn
t h e m ighty Pri th u , th e h ero ic s o n o f V en a ,
w h o wa s

m u ms :
m aim fw m a a n
m am “ : gna w a
-
i m I
fi m fi tw ee n W m a«a m
a
? w as ? é é fl w :

W 53 1 11
33 5 3 3 :
M m
ne w :
W 1
3 1 : g a mma :

fi sm m m g n
Burnouf s
’
t ra ns a l ti f thi on o s pas s a
ge i
s f ll as o ows
“
Se c f o n orm an t c il
au ons e am ic la et u til d e e la t erre, le roi l u i d o nna
pou r l M v eau t m tt t a l
e a nu d ,
m i e il tise e an a t i ra re e sa a n, en ra

t t l pl t
ou e s es ll an es a nnu e es .

C t i iq d t
“ ’
es a ns g t c m m
ue i
’
ti d t t
au res sa es on su , o e ce ro , re rer e ou es

ch b t c p éci ; l t ét i t ég l m t t i
'

os es u ne s u s an e r eu s e es a u re s res v nre n a e en ra re ,

l l
s e on dé i 1 t
eu rs mi p Pfi th
s rs , a erre s o u se ar u .

L Ri hies 6 g x c llc t l i
s,d t B r i hsa p ti p e e i t e en ,
u o nn a n as a ou r v e au , v nre n

i t i 1 ch d i i ; l
au ss ra re a
g é t
va i t l e d s lq l
v ne eurs or anes a en o vas e an e ue

ils c t l p
re ure n l it d ch t c é e ur a es an s sa r s .

L t p d S
es rou l i am es t I d c mm es uras ti e t , u en a n n ra o e veau , en r ren

l S om
o l it q i d
a, ce l f c al gi l i g u t l
o n ue c t a or e , e ner e, a v ueu r, e e re u ren
’
d ans n u v as e d or .

“
Les Dai t yas et l es Danavas , renan om m e p tc veau Prahrad a, ch f d e es

A s uras , vi nre n t
l a ra re , et re curent d ans nu t i v ase d e f er l e l it d
a es

li q u eu rs s pi it r u eu se s et d es s u cs ferm e n té s .

“
Les Ga nd harvas et l es Ap s aras , p re nan t nu lt p o us ou r vas e , i
v nre n t
a ussi t i l c h ; Vi c a
ra re a va ; e t 1 d c d v vas u f ut l e veau l l it f
e a u a ou e ur e

la vo ix t l b t é d G dh
e a eau es an arv as .

L Pitri d t A y m ét it l
es s , on t p l it l fi d
r a an a s veau ,
eu ren ou r a
’
o
'

ra n e

qu on
’
p é tr s en eM a ; l D i i ité
aux d f é ill 6 g d
nes g 1 es v n s es u n ra es , ran s a e, a

c illi nt c f i d
re u e re ave d gil c o ans u n v as e
’

ar e rue.

K pil T t l
“
a a d u S i d dh t de Vid y ad h
v ea u ; l ci l f t 1 es as e
'
es aras s e a 6

vas e d l q l i l c t I ch m t l p i c
an s e ue s t ll
re u re n es ar es e a u s s an e s u rna ure e

qu i c i t d
o ns s e l ct l d l
ans l té ’
a e s eu e a vo o n .

“
Di x li é a l m gi p t My p t
’
D t au res eu vr s c a a e, re nan a a our veau, re uren

l Maya i mpl
a ,
ct d l éfi i q c i t l ét m ill x
s e a e e a r ex on, ue onna s s en es res erve eu

qu i p t di
eu v e n p i t a l gé s ara re eur r .

Le s Y akchas , l es Rakchas as , l es Bhfitas , l es Pi catchas et l es Dem ons

qu i se n o u rr s s e n d e chai r ,ir re n o t
u r ve a u l e h e d es Bhfitas , et pi t p c f
recurent d a ns u n c
rane l e s ang d on i l s s e ni vrent t ’
.
 C H A P T E R XI V .

D e ce d t f P th L ege d f th e P h t
s n an s o th ey
r1 de u . n o ra c e asa s : a re

i e d by t h e i f th e t m lti ply m k i d by w h i pp i g
s r ,
r a r ,
o u an n ,
o rs n

V i hn th y pl ge i t th e d m e d i t te d p i e
‘

s u z e un n o s ea an a o n an ra s
,

hi m h e ppe : d g t th e i wi h e
a a rs , an ra n s r s s .

had two v alian t s on s A nta rd hi a nd Pali n

Pl i IT H U , .

Th e s on o f A nt ard h an a by his wif e Sikh a nd in i w as , ,

Hav i rdh an a t o w h om Dhi sh a n a a p r i n c e ss o f th e r ac e

, ,

o f Ag n i b ore six s on s : Pr achi n abarhi s S uk r a G ay a

, , ,
,

T h e te x t of th e Va y u an d B ah m a ( o r
r H ar i V a m s a ) e d
r a ,

l i k e t h t of th a e V i s nu :h
"F i fi ? fi ffia fi fufi fi l
3 h : 3 a?
2

M L gl i
. d e t d t h e tw l t w d
an o s
*
un c mp d
rs a n s o as or s as a o oun

ep i th et E t j i e t d p
:
“
i de e d e i i i ble
ou r n Th ea ou vo r se r n r nv s s .
~

c t cti w l d d m i t f ch
o ns ru on ou
l b t i t ee m m e
a o su a s ens e z
' '
u s s or

p b ble th t th ey
ro a i te d e d f a me T h e l i e ge f P th
a re n n or n a s .
“

n a o r1 u

i i mm e d i tely c t i
s e d t h gh
a f t h e m A t dha
on nu wh i c h r ou o ne o ,
n ar na ,

i th e
s me A t d hi ;
sa th e c m m e t t t te w i th eg d
as n ar as o n a or s a s r ar

th t ppell ti m
,

t o a a gr “ a don : th e c m m e t t ? an as o n a or

on th e H i V ms e m k f th e ccee d i g m e a n a m
ar a a r ar s, o su n na :
e

W ‘
O f th e b th e be i g c lle d A t d ha
'

| ne o ro rs n a n ar na

e A t d hi le
r n ar e th e e e f Pal i b t th t f p pe
’
av s n o o r s ns or n u a o a ro r

na m e T h e B h ag
. t : gi e P h fi V ij i tasw D h um
ava a v s r1 t u ve s o n s : a, ra

k es H y k h D m d dd ,§th t t h el d
‘
a, ar d V k ;
a s a, r av a, an r1 a an a s a e er

w l m e d A t dha
as a so na i c e q e ce f h i g bt i e d n ar na ,
n o ns u n o av n o a n ,

f m I d th p we f m k i g hi m el f i i i ble
ro n ra , e o r o a n s nv s

Vol I , p 1 0 .
. . .

"
l T he a rna v l te t i e e e i m pl i e
s ns s , ra t h e t h t t h e y h d th e d i p i t i
r, a a s os on

e de
to r n r t m s v he el e i i i bl e
s nv s .

IV , 2 2 , 5 4
. .

IV , 2 4 , 3
. .
 B OO K CH AP . x rv .

‘
Kr i sh n a , Vraj a , a n d Aj i n a Th e fi r st o f th e s e w as a .

m ighty p ri n c e an d p at riar ch by wh om m an ki n d was ,

m ul t ipli e d after t h e d e ath o f Ha v i rd h an a H e was .

call e d Prach i n a ba rhi s f rom his placi n g u p on th e e arth ,

t he sac re d g r ass p o i n tin g t o th e e as t A t th e t erm i n a 2

.
,

T h e B h ag ta l m d i fie th i ge e l gy A t
av a ,
as u sua ,
o s s n a o . n ar

dha h by S i k h i di i t h ee
na as w h w e e th t h ee fi e ar n r s o ns o r e r r s,

P a k Pa m a
, , ,

va d S ch i c d e m e d by
a, va c e f V i hth na , a n u ,
on n ,
a u rs o as s a,

to b b e g i By th e w i fe N bh w ti h e h H i
o rn a a n . a no r ,
a as a ,
as av r

dha wh e
na ,
th e m e l os t h e f th e te x t ; ly
s o ns are sa
-
as os o on

gi i g
v n th e me B hi sh d
a no w ell P a h i b hi
r nat ,
ar a ,
as as r c na ar s ,
o

th fi t
e A cc d i g t th M h ab h a t ( M k h D h m ) w hi c h
rs . or n o e a ra a o s a ar a ,

bee f ll w e d by th e P d m P
.

h as n o P a hi b hi w
o a a u ra n a ,
r c na ar s as

b i th f mi ly f A t i
o rn n e a o r :

fl a w mgm fi arenfl fi f : ne w : I
'
'

ma twa féi i nam ’

u
2
T h e te x t i s,

3 m m gfi m m m w
p pe ly c i fici l g d P ach i
‘
K s (P ) ;
’
u B hi i
a or ar s s, ro r
,
sa r a ra ss oa an r

n ag l i te lly h i g i t ti p t w d th e e t ; th e d i ecti
ra , ra ,
‘
av n s s o ar s as
’
r on

i wh i c h i t h
n l d be pl ce d p t h e g d
s ou e t f th e a u on ro u n ,
as a s a or

g d o s cc i f ffe i g m d e t t h e m T h e m e t h e e
,
on o as on o o r n s a o . na ,
r

f e i ti m te e i th e th t th p cti ce i g i t e d w i th hi m
or ,
n a s r a e ra or na
,
o r,

as th e c m m e t t e xpl i i t t h t h e w e x cee d i g ly d e t
o n a or a ns ,
a as n v ou ,

o ff e i g r nc i fice i k i g th e g d e e y wh e e g al a u m
sa r s, or nv o n o s, v r r :

3m T h e H i V i dd e e t t h t f te x
ar a nns a
' '

a s a v rs o a o o ur t,

r e di g
a n :

mi ni m : g um
— a a u ma fi a
te r u r
’
—
m 1
W fi fim fi rfii nw rfi m:

Bkdg ava ta p um na , IV , 2 4 , 4 IV , 1 , 5 9 ,
-
a re s p o k . . At . th e y e n of

a s s o ns o f A i
g n by S waha A n d s e e p p 1 5 5 a nd 1 5 6 , s up r a . .

1 T he Bhaga v a ta p ura na , IV ,
'

8 , g v s r n a m s as o i e th e i e f ll ows :

Barhi shad , Ga a ,
'
uk a , Ki i shn a, a y
a, a nd J i t avrat a S l S ty .

S t anza 85 .
1 94 V S I H NU PU RAIi A .

ti on o f a r igi d p en a n c e h e m arr i e d S aVarna th e d au gh , ,

ter o f th e o c e an w h o had b een p rev i o usly b e troth e d ,

w hi ch M La ngl o i s
. ch i t l *
ha s e de ed
r n r :
‘
Qu a n d i l m ar a su r a

te e l p i te d e
rr ,
es b
o n e l i e t ; whi ch
s cou sa ét i e ta n co u r
'

ees v rs
’
or n
’

h e pp e t m e
su
‘
os s
q i t to é pe é e an t ,
u e ce p i ce r n av a ou rn s es ns s e

p té
or d m i ti
sa e l t ” o pp i t i th t mi gh t h e
na on v rs
’
es z a su os on a av

bee b i te d by l i ttle f th e c i d e ti
n o v a f th e e e f a ur r o ns ra on o v rs o

M an ul t wh i ch h e fe
‘
o If h e h e i tte c lm f k e r rs :
“
av s n on u s o usa,
'

w i t h th e i p i t t w d t h e e t
r d be p i fie d by
o n s bbi g th t
o ar as ,
an ur ru n a

h ly g
o b th hi h d
ra ss d be f t h e p ep e d by t h ee
on o s an s ,
an ur r r ar r

su pp e i r f b e th h q l i ti m
s s o ns o t fi h t rw l he a ,
ea c e ua ,
n e, o ve s or vo e s,

th e m y fitl y p
n a ce m T h e c m m e t y e x pl i t h e
ro n o u n c . o n ar a ns

p ge
ass a b e e fe i g ufwfi m fi w : t w
as a ov
W t ,
t t r rr n o ,
no o

f W W fl IIT : g m : W
‘

11 3 :
E H
1 19 1 : as : Q ’

wa n ta ra : W W W W I HH : 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 a 1
‘
c lle d P a hi b hi bec e hi c e d g
H e wa s a p i t r c na ar s ,
au s s sa r ra s s ,
o n

i g e t w g i g p t h e e y e th p e d e th e
”
n as ,
w
as o n u on v r ar ,
or as S r a ov r

wh l o e T h te x t f th e B h ag t l e x pl i cle ly e o av a a a so a ns ar

wh t i m e t
a s an

‘
By w c ed gh seo p i ti g t t h e e t
sa r ra s s
,
o n n o as ,
as h e pe f r orm ed
sa r c i fice fte c i fice t h e w h le e th hi
a r sa r ,
o ar ,
s sa r c i fici l g a ro u n d ,

w as ov e rsp r e a d .
"ll

1
-
II .
,
75

mm tfih 3 3 3 t nfi m : : 115 1

m mm fia fw: 1 1 m 3 11 m
T hi e nd e i ng whi ch i th t f S i r W i ll i m J one i s not al togeth e r
s r r , s a o a s,

i n k ee p i ng wi t h t h e c omm e nt y f Ku ll i k Bh tt ar o i a a a .

R th e a O n hi l a nd t h e
r: c re d g
“
p oi nt i ng t oward t h e e t
s sa ras s ,
s as ,

wa fo t hc om i ng o n t h e f c e f t h e e t h
s r i t we e th t is t s y a o ar , as r ,
a o a ,

w as fi ll i ng t h e e nt i e c i c i t of t h e e a th He nc e h e wa s c ll ed P a
r r u r .
'

a r

ch n abarhi s
i .

I] IV ,
— te —e e th
. 24, 1 0 .

1 1 Bu rnou f Vol I L P ef c e
.
, r a , p . III .
, no r nd rs us :
“
C
’
et
s l ui
qu i , f is
a an t s uc c é de l c ific e
r es sa r s aux s acr i fice c s, ou vr i t d e t i ge s d e Ku ca
1 96 V S I H NU P U RANA .

o fth e hu m a n r ac e if y o u wish to succ ee d Th e e t ern al, .

Pu r u s h ott a m a is t o b e p ro pitiat e d by hi m wh o wish e s

f o r v i rtu e w e al th enj o y men t o r lib er ati on A d ore
, , , .

him th e i m p er ishabl e by wh om wh en p ro piti a t e d th e

, , , ,

world w as fi r st c re at e d a n d m an ki n d will assu re dly

b e m ultipli e d .

Thu s i n st r ucte d by th e i r fath er th e t en Pra ch eta s a s ,

pl u n g e d i n t o th e d e p ths o f th e o c e an a n d with m i n ds , ,

wh o lly d evo t e d t o N ar ayan a th e s overe ig n o f th e ,

u n i ver s e wh o is b e y on d all w orlds w ere en g ro ss e d

, ,

by re ligi o u s aust er ity for t en th o usa n d y e ar s Rem ai n .

i n g th ere th e y with fi x e d th o ughts p r ais e d H a r i wh o

, , , , ,

wh en p ro pitiat e d c on fer s on th o s e wh o p r ais e hi m all

,

that th e y d e si re
MA I I RE YA —Th e e x c ell en t p r ais e s tha t th e Fr ach e
.

' ‘
.

tasas add re ss e d t o Vish n u whilst th e y st o o d i n th e ,

d ee p y o u 0 b e st o f Mu n is are q ualifi e d t o rep e at

, , ,

t o me
BA R A S A BA —
.

H e ar Maitre ya th e hy mn which th e
.
, ,

Pra ch e ta s a s as th e y st oo d i n th e w at er s o f th e s e a
, ,

sa n g o f o l d t o Gov i n da th e ir n atu re b e i n g id en tifi e d

, , ,

w ith hi m
W e b ow t o hi m wh o s e gl ory is th e p erp e tual th eme
“

o f ever y sp ee ch ; hi m fi r st hi m last ; th e s up reme l or d ,

o f th e b o u n dl e ss wor ld ; wh o is p r i mev al light ; w h o is

with o ut his lik e ; i n div isibl e a n d i n fi n it e ; th e or igi n o f

all e x ist en t thi n gs mov abl e or stati on a ry T o that ,
.

sup reme b e i n g wh o is one with time wh o s e fi r st f orm s , ,

th o ugh h e b e with o ut f orm a re d ay an d even i n g a n d .

,

n ight b e ad or ati on ! Gl ory t o him th e lif e o f all liv i n g

, ,

thi n gs who is th e sa me with th e moon th e re c e ptacl e

, ,

o f a m b ro sia d r u n k daily by th e g o ds a n d p ro g en it or s ;
,
 B OO K CH AP . x1 v . 1 97

t o hi m wh o is one wi th th e s u n t he caus e O f h e at an d ,

c o ld an d r ai n wh o dissipate s th e gl oom a n d ill u m i n at e s

, ,

th e sky with his r adia n c e ; t o hi m wh o is o n e with

e arth all p erv adi n g a n d th e asylu m o f s m e ll a n d o th er
,
-
,

O bj e cts o f s en s e supp orti n g t h e wh o l e w orld by its

,

s o lidity ! We ad ore that form o f th e d e ity H a r i w hich

is water th e wom b o f th e w orld th e s ee d o f all liv i n g
, ,

b e i n gs Gl ory t o th e mo uth o f th e g o ds th e e at er o f
.
,

th e Ha v y a ; t o th e e at er o f th e K av ya th e mo uth o f ,

th e p ro g en it or s ; t o Vish n u wh o is id en tical w ith fi re ; ,

t o hi m wh o is one with ai r th e origi n o f e th er e x isti n g

, ,

as th e fi ve v ital ai r s i n th e b o dy cau si n g c on stan t v ital ,

acti on ; t o hi m wh o is id en tical with th e at mo sph ere ,

p u re illi m itabl e shap e l e ss s e p ar ati n g all c re atu re s !

, , ,

G l ory t o Kr i sh n a wh o is B r ah ma i n th e f orm o f s e n
,
‘

sibl e o bj e cts ; wh o is ever th e di re cti on o f th e f aculti e s

o f s en s e ! W e o ffer salutati on t o that sup reme H ar i
wh o is one with t h e s en s e s b o th s ubtil e an d substan tial
, ,

th e re cipi en t o f all i m p re ssi on s th e ro o t o f all k now ,

l e dg e ; t o th e u n iver sal s o ul wh o as i n t ern al i n t e ll e ct

, , ,

d e liver s th e i mp re ssi on s re c e i ve d by th e s en s e s t o s o ul ;
, ,

t o hi m wh o has th e p ro p erti e s o f Pr ak r i ti ; i n wh om
.
,

w ith o ut en d re st all thi n gs ; from wh om all thi n gs p ro

,

c e e d ; a n d wh o is that i n t o which all thi n gs re s o l ve .

We w or ship that Pur u sh o t to m a , th e g o d wh o is p u re

spi r it an d wh o wi th o u t q ualiti e s is ig nor a ntly c o n
'

, , ,

s id e re d as en d o w e d w ith
q uali t i e s W e ad ore tha t .

s up reme B r ah m a th e ulti m at e c on diti on o f Vish n u

, ,

u n p ro ducti v e u n b orn p u re vo id o f q ualiti e s a n d f ree

, , , ,

f rom accid en ts ; wh o is n e i th er high nor l o w ne i th er ,

b ulky nor m i n ut e has ne ith er shap e nor c o l o u r nor

, , ,

shad ow nor s ubsta n c e n o r aff ecti o n n o r bo dy ; who

, , , ,
1 98 V S I H NU P U R ANA .

is ne ith er e th ere al nor susc e ptibl e o f c on tact s mell or , ,

t ast e ; wh o has ne ith er e y e s n or e ar s nor mo ti on n or , , ,

sp ee ch n or b re ath n o r m i n d n or n ame nor r ac e n o r

, , , , ,

enj o y men t n or spl en d o u r ; w h o is w it ho u t caus e with

, ,

o u t fe a r , w ith o ut error with o ut fa ul t u n d e cayi ng

, ,
1

i mmortal free from p assi on w ith o ut s o u n d i m p ercep

, , ,

tibl e i n acti ve i n d e p en d en t o f plac e or ti me d e tach e d

, , ,

from all i nve sti n g p ro p er ti e s but (il l usiv ely) e x er cisi n g

i rre sistibl e m ight a n d id en tifi e d wi th all b e i n gs d e
, ,

p e nd en t u p on n one Gl or y t o that n at u re o f Vish n u

.
,
”
w hich t on gu e cann o t t e ll nor has e y e b e h e ld !
,

Thus gl or ifyi n g Vish n u a n d i n t en t i n me ditati on on

,

hi m th e Pra ch et a s a s p ass e d t en th o usa n d y e ar s o f

,

aust er ity i n th e v ast o c e an ; o n which H ar i b e i n g , ,

pl e as e d w i th th em app e are d t o th em a m idst th e wat er s

o f th e c om pl e x i on o f th e full bl o w n l o t o s —
, ,

l e af B e h o ld
-
.

i n g hi m mo u n t e d on th e ki n g o f bi r ds ( G a r u d a) th e , ,

Pra ch eta sas bowe d d own th e i r h e ads i n d evo ut h om

ag e ; w h en Vish n u sai d t o th em : Re c e i ve th e b o on “

y o u have d e sire d ; f o r I th e giver o f g oo d a m c on t en t

, ,

with y o u an d am p re s en t Th e Pra ch e tas a s re pli e d

, .

t o hi m w ith reveren c e an d t o ld hi m that th e ca u s e o f

,

th e i r d evo ti on s was th e c omm an d o f th e ir fath er t o

e ff e ct th e m ultiplicati on o f m an ki n d Th e g o d hav i n g .
, ,

acc or di n gly g r an t e d t o th em th e o bj e ct o f th e i r p r ay er s
, ,

disapp e are d ; a n d th ey cam e u p from th e w at er '

.
200 C O RR I GE N DA ,
&c .

fem : 1 1 1 11 3 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 11 1 1 : E flfi fifi flt
m 3 ié fi 1 91 1 11
W é m fi
‘

a : 1 1 1 3 r i s a fi a a 1 c
'
a i 3 1 3 1 1 1 :
1 1 1 1 1 13 51 5 1 was {fi t 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 11 1 a 5 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S
5 nd 1
.
ee a

t ru e r & ,q te d t p 4 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 m 13 2 11 3 11 13 1 71 3
c .
,
uo a .
.

fi at m m m fi
'

f n f g : 1 3 1 1 1 1 a ‘
a f a f a s e s g s t 1 1 1 1 1 3 11
1 1 1
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 {f a 1 1 1 6 1 : 1 1 1 m 1 f i f m w mfifdfi mfi EN
“ R

suffi a a wm a fi : a am a a fi r m wm a z
U mfz rfsnwm m fi ea w w fi sa t i 1 1 1 11 1 1m
“
—
c

1 1m mfa a reas : mas sage 1 1 1 3 11 1 1 75 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

sg s fi i t m w w s a m f 3
’

v f f 1
a a a gg a a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 11 & q te d M 1 4 5 1 11 11 1 1 ar
a r ?! i ? ! 1
t
s e: 1 1 61 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
c .
,
uo 1 .

auz am e r fi e 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g r a m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 311 1
-

g ‘ 1 g1
“

i sn t : 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 171 1 1 m m uufi tf
g m vi :
Th p e g e th as s a t t d wi ll b f d t l te d i n O ig i n l
us a n no a e e ou n ra ns a r a

S n k i t T t P t IV p 3 1 f t n te
a s r ex s , ar .
,
.
,
oo -
o .

56, N arafi Rea d

69, no e s , 1 t
12 Rea d I a m ne s s - -

te thi l c e P fe il fe i
i tte
. . .

8 5, no s, 1 6 Re rr ng t o s p a ro ss o r W s o n h a s wr n:
e e
,
. .

‘
M Bu rno f r nd rs s a s tra , l es p r i eres [ menta l cs] gu t s ont comme l a
u

te th e h e t l t
.

g l a i ve ; a nd , i n a no in Vi shnu Par a na , l av ra ns a e d th e

e ex e i th e tte e i c t ti
.

‘ ’
s am
p r s s o n of Bh ag a va ta th e u nu r d n an a on But

te i f th i q i te c c t i ffe e c e et ee
.
,

i t m ay be d ou b d s is u orre T he d r n b w n
ee th t e c i te h eth e i ly
.

éa s tra a nd s toma s m s to be , a one i s r d, w r au d b

O i d i bly ; t h e t h e T l ti f t h e Rig d V l I
’
r nau g o r, sun ra ns a on o -
ve a , o
te
. .
,
.

p 22 .
, no .

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B erl i n, p ri ed
nt by U n g e r b ro h er P r i er t s ,
nt s t o t h e K ng i .
 A CA T A L O G U E

IMPORTANT WORKS IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

LITERATURE AND SCIENCE
P U L I S H ED
B BY

T RU BN E R CC .
, 6 0, PA T E RN OST E R R OW .

Poetry , Novel s, Bell es Lettres, Fi ne Arts, &c

R N R I F I UTO W H T AN H I LD S ro w
.

B a rl o w m an by M

D N TE A
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by the of To
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p or r
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t n a t nt a n ng
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c hrc e e bc e h ome
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is t u gh l y g n u n
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ed Areppe ercdhi x d i p hor co hoidero bo e d ee p

a l y to m et w t
s l ay
w l the n t s i n th e
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e ru f l i t i o n a n d

r i ce e ch ONO U R T H E TORY
n ns

ood d r e hr i m
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P a p ar t l s
H S
.

g
s a

p re e
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old k n ly p t, w
c i c s

o e e erfri e d re i e cce
a t
w u
ot m a k m g C
lk u p the
st as
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O F BR V E S R
B re n t a n o : or,
THE A C A PA
.

LE E NS BRE NT NO
A N D T H E FA I R s n t s to

e c o
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of
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r
f a r afi e l d a n d n v f a“l l i n wi th a g if t s o a
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A N N E RL
Wi h
By
I rod c i o
C M .

n, a n d a Bi og ra
A .

ee e
a bl as a y
v n t u r s of the V n r a bl ee e
t h e S t a n g e S u rp r i s i n g A d
G oor u o
.

W A E LL
an

p h i c al N t
nt
o i ce o f
u t

T r l ed fro
th e ut A By h or T
‘

r
A l l n s I a d za n M a i l
i re .

c rre
e er
A p o u l a sat
p r of d he
on th e B ra h m m s
i T ex c e e i nt
ro
. .

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.PP
m a n l 2 m o P p 74,
an s at m t h e Ge r
cl o h .

t , 1 8 47 2s 6d d c i o o e or oro cor ec i o ofc oi eciofde

in s v a
u t
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n to t h e s t
In a
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l l n t nt
n
.

n ts ,

e oh bime ip r d ord e r o
. . . . . .

D i a ry o a
W O In a n .
f
T r l ed fro m
P oor Y o u n g G
an s a t
entl
t h e Ge r
.
a n d t h e n t s a n d g l ssa
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ts a n d e il ec io of B r h
t ns
a g oo
the
c
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l u t o t h e va
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i
th e

h ic h
us
 Ca ta l og u e o
f I mp orta nt Work s .

th e na
c h rr r c i
at v
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i oi r i
nl y e from s at o e l
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c i mi
T oM c ome st
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x i e i e or t o su w t t ng as a ts i n M

ofhroA fred
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ho
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st
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he b hof
the an
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ec i oe i c "—r oo or g exer i o o
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u t the v l u , a nd t h e w l g t t ng wa t s a te t h e n et a n d
t ug

i rc r e r e he TIn
in s at

c c j o i c o i der dr m c
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up

Tc hheof p bfred
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to t
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or rre ib f .

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.

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; it is a
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boop e h i c h i h i y is
ty l l u st a t n s r i o
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b e i f e bro d i cbe”— o ercceer e reri e e i i eree ei o e ome

w I t i s n o l ss a a l y g o t u p , an d "
uts . os i t i on cono m i s t. .

a u t ul l y u n , a nd i t w l l m st a p ta bl e l l w tt n a n d n t st n g - D a il N ews

porde —
. .

t o a l a r g p o to
G ro v e s JO H N RO V S A T l e
i n of t he p u bl i
G E
o bs v
a o f th e
.

B id i p de c rip i e p o er of h i h
. T wo v y l a s n g a n d l g a n t n v 3 S
a ss a g e s s a
y s t v w s a g
.

W ar . By S
.

DeE
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.
.

i E LE T I ONS FRO T H E P O ET RY .

H
r ri ta n n a .

P p 1 6 , s ew
. , 1 846 6d . .

OF E I E T l ed e n e.
H E N R IOH
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H
M
by
B ETT I N V ON JO H N A E R LOS v ra n s a t
R U LE I N
G un d er o d e C N
. P

i f cov r
C or
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m s st l l o i r s
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P t Pp o and A RR
.
AR
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o ,
c t 5S 1 86 1
l oththe ny rem rk ble f t rel te i n thi B S I S Ei ONES
T IN E A U d 8 vo x n an 3 9 0,
.
s , .
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i i

btoor i ke
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littl e ma
1 85 1 .

W h t r th er
53
a
.

a
F

L i n ac s
V
i ve i n t er i or
a
m e m en
d s
u co n
S RM
,

FID E LE s , s a
ra n c sc , E R U LA M l E N

th l ti g i n fl en e o f
m r e ru t n , a d
s k
men
we
s
t oef use ev t
can

e n is
f
s ay

orm I n a m
n ow .

uphil o lco
a

L ti
an n a
ac t i o re
at a
re vo ca v i t
o ra t i o n e

gus a
da
us

pit
k n ow l e d
th t i t t i
.

m at al l
s e
Of a 1
t k i n on th o g ht b ovea ere th o eWe
o fonemo nt
s
ave sa
Ch
m rg i n an

i g
d,
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.
l 2 o p p x x vi a n d 2 7 2 1 8 6 1 3 s
.

S LF
. . . . .

of or l li ve i n l vertoy to —tily E P Pp
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xp i I I
M far a L R IL
e er en e NN N o
-
r . A s s u s s s . .

T he
o
us

wever il l h e
wh o
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CHA G . s t 8 VO 5 6, . . .

P 1 8 44
u sa c

C TE IS OS ITIV E
.
c

it torgmth ti yor wnoh t vh ihne i freh eto li ve i ng h e C Rm

. .

H W d h as Wa d d s a c
T HE
E I I ON T r n l t e fro m th e F ren h
o te CH M or
.

A
is al l ic
.
u ca s . If

thoee fonont t i nreo f li ffe mey e t ftoro hi em lth life for ryynk for o f t e Com t e By RI d
,

is d a c, he is a i s dr up
L G a s a . c
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a
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a

rep ttotilionve fbore ti lly b exit ept t o thi tr th l o h

d fo r
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th in
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P OS ITIVE P I OSO Y
c t , 65 6 1 8 58
,

h f l th k t
; a n d al l
ibl f
.
and s be
e e ee e n no n err e or e
.

au u y

whi h
ca u s

m rve ll o
c be xi y t en
a re
s
us th
e at e
u

— r p
w and
w ar and w oo fc s
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US
e
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by O T E
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r
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n
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l e
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d
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a s at
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and .

k f g
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b oo rom th e re on i
F a s er s
n M
ag a z i n
on l i on l H
l h C d s d
'
a us s c A RR AR A
vo L r e o
. .

o f wenhit h to hibho itn itmo peoxpiblre e to eneny tthree

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k f k
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or o o i en e m r e ith 2 s a g os t 8 vo , c t 1 63
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c , we a re
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u d i
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gthree thighetenet ttroibf rete onofi ngn te le ton lpipo oer for
.

ss o u r “
A w u a d sc d w
it f t i t t h ty f p p
p ro c , a
d i ss , bu t
w c is d
ri nvere mer
a
ti g ti o
on i n r
t o e one o
ss

f o th s
e r
h o hee c
t s s u s as an
a a cu ss as
i
, an d c
l
s cu
w
us

e
,

p onn t hbegh tn e ithi e t ionf ere e imo

s a

penortitrenlyei gnor t
u s c ua
ig im
'

a s u b ec t
.
s a s
E d i nbu rg h R evi w
w ic
re t o o w
r P hil o o phi u s Is a l
e o iti ve
.

a c , u s s s
T h e ‘C
pp ener re t e ith the mbry veterrey ol ve to erht riinn kthferom tr thno on e w d P s de i s at
'
a , u a s c s u s s

ret teltthtem
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o hihh tthevert rei n qepti r onmthigehty l e ight h veto phenomen

d w
w
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s
a e xhibiti an d
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s o a
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ad , a n d
r i g o u ,
c a c o m p en d i o u s c c l o i i aad i a of s c i e n ce a n d a n

r ou s l y c a ac
sc 0
cs
d d s
d s
.

su s c a u
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s a
f rom th e rioro l — vt l bl e on trib ti on w
. w
d "
a
Cr i i c
l e on o f
c
erne
om pl e xity
i
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p e i i n m

lity b e g en
i nn i n
n g
g
a a w w c
d , a rr a n fl es
a cu a sc
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c s

t
a re c c a n as c

o
. .

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ps y h o l oA
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c
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it
and
th c ith ,
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and ti
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we
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l Wi
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Its

lb ooikrvoyrenpl eete iththe k i n re rehyp g

,

l o p m en t
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ro n th
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s

p ti
i t e i en
s

tifi e f t e s ,

a
acc da c w
s a d
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B ca u s
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by ple li r kno l e egehibition tho fe threle timeonthboet een of h m n

.
,

ou t
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c
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s w
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m a c c e d a O f sc
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ds
c ac s ,
u a

th l g i
t h e h a n d s O f a ca m a n d
f l f t b h M om t e ll k phil w d a n d Of w
'

s ty l e , a n d ,
e l e a an ce
fi
f
p h o so p h i c a l
o th e mo eo
a
t o
fm ay s
orm ni bl e erve
as a u s
i u
lti e h e e ere
o phy r n bee e it l m it it e f t o or h t o a a c s, C
a s
ca s h i s w
i ts d i f
.

to e onten g in t i n the p re en t
p r oofs
c d a a s
s da
s
d ffi c u
d ay "
s h as
kly Wee b e proveto h e t erm it p o itive p ilo ophy .
s and
d,
ca u s
s
i
s
s s l
h
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s
"

k f f
.

»
N ws
l e
T he tt er .

rem bl e or
po ererly rehi h byh r thteroi ee th em ppre i te l thbee to on oerne th e
s ar e n l ti l ar or l a re
thi p bli ti on o f tg
on t o ab e a r tye l ca
S p ec ta r
T he w
.

d l a r rre h as
at as a u

ea
w

o f th e
s

er
w

ti on th t ad
c

th e p ro p
c

er t
a ac

dy of
al l
n fi ne f h
s
s
er en
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who
rriyg oro
,
a
ly ti
an d W i

o th e
c a r
t ti nek
l al l c
ma g nu m
c
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c
s u
u .
ca
M ss Ma
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au

mthenkemi n b o no l e erxtnenge i ve reth ni nt hi h tr ni nlg tinongthifree

va
a
me
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as s
. T he
, a

n a
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t r on
ti on en ad
ori n g r th
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s u

i w
m or k c
h as
a
co
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a nd c
us
d s
as
w
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,

y epth o f th o g ht e rne t th t re er om te vi e pre en te

d is ss s a i e si n ad d us a c c s so
y ,

c er i ty a s we l a s d and t he ad h as C ws
’
u a s a s s d as
 T r u bner do 6 0 , P a tern ost er Row

—
.

om t e
r ng ebr i gmen t —e k no of no h e
C th
ro m u l g a te d e I n th e h o l e m w bthreothgrenht f l or i
th f
e w
er i o t o thi e en li g ht ene
b e t th
r e
e e s ay d,

— yo V o ti on W k no w no t
.

ful
a 0
d
p hi l o s o p
"
ii y we
L a de r
w s uc su cc ss
h o l r
u

hiplge herth mor l ty th n

u

t i is
or
,

more p r i n
ur
i
s u s, Th s if y ou u

f f
sc a s ca e a

l t ti i ti
a

ki l —o on er on en o r o ve n the e th ey f ll of t th —r
. .

a i a h s, nob le c
“
Aw d u m um a c na
ru B i t is h
s l ” S c ts ma n
Mi
.

b oo k
.

e x it a nd
s
oe M o r
F
a
r i gn
s :
ed i c - Ch i ru
a re u

g i ca l Revzew .

o tlr i bee —eolooq e t e xp o itionof om te

s s M a rt i n e a u s we
“
ected
'

TE IS TI S
, as
w d is C
'
an n s
Fi h
PFI ESEN B y J O NN GO TT I E
s
u u
T te C
T
,
" c . HE H AR A C R C OF T HE
do c n s, Ec n m is t

( VI TO ) E T E T r n l t ed fro m t h e Ger m n
A GE
.
R HA L B
E EN S
.

C ou s n

i
i
i n l e in
o Lo k e E y on th e H m n
C H O LO G Y
C
c ud
R

’
.

d
L
a
M PS Y
C ri t i c a l E x a m i
T OF
by W I7 I l o t h IT P o7 t
and 2
CH
LL A M
. a
SM Pp x i s a
H . s 8 vo . .
a
.

U n er n i n d i n i i on l pi e e
n at n oi c s s sa u a 1 c 6s 1 84
no bl e mo t no t bl e i iti on t o th e
, , . .

ad d t
r n l e f o m th e F ren h wi t h lWtere t re o f ng l n
d s t a d g , an a c s A an d
o o s a a cq u s
.

I n rod i on d otme by C E
T a s at d r E d D ug l a s J ld ’s
c , an i a u a . er r
t
EN Y
u ct an N s,
F o r th i p rove e iti on
AL B S
d d
.

We
e

i r bl e pt
k ly P a p
e e li th
ne e
a cc
tie l
on e t
o f reth
er .

e p re t ren et s mo t c u s as a u a nd s

re i e d ord i n t o th or l t
H R , D D

on thih e grroti e nt re ommen

u
ad m
lone htioonl b e tit onbe theme
d age ; a nd
.
, .

’ a a s

orre t i on Cr w Pp
v s ac c g th e A u s as s u d a we s u d s -
o w
c
c l o th 7
c s o n 8y o
5
5 68 1 8 6 1
. . . . .

ththeyt t e hbe to on them ri e mobovt emthph

ou r a
ac
s
us
c
h o w we m ay e ti da ;
s
bu t
a
is
e
ca u s
a g e,

P I OSO Y T pr e m k e thi nk perh p more

.
,
‘
a we s w o ur s a c
T K AN
Le t re by V I TO OUSI N Tr n e
HE H L PH or ai s .

c u s
nc
C
c
a slat d
fBroi om rthphie F rel h d T o wr i hiti hl k e t eh
R C
i s ad d d , a
.
He
th
it only or er th t
l i m el y
is
n h a
ave in
ever f ormers us
we ly th o
th e ore nobly
d
a g ht a
, and

we m ay
a s

m
u ,
su b
bu t

K n L i fe
g ’a ca an
an d
C ca
W ri i n
S c of
By G _

m j e ti mo t ti
fromtr thte thlip t thofethbeoo re tille t erm ren pponrophe ei tnrr n g tt er n e
EN E SON L r p o l o th
a t s t gs A . . . As a a s c an d s s i u a c

H D R a ge s t 8 y o, c 9S s s s G a

P
,

O VI EN E w y i h l p t tl h lp t
.

w
. .

we fi nd
D u n ca n son
GO D M A F
THE
N I ESTE I N TU L
R D C OF. ma n
gener te gl o iety — m
us
nan E o a
o en ”
sh s
s e s o u , and
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s s
te

JO N DUN SON M D P o
D NA RA L A . a E ng c . c.

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7
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By JO
V O TI O
GO TT I E FI TE T r n
THE O S CH
an d 3 5 4 , cl o t h
E SS YS R W O
. . 1 861 s . . .
CA N OF A LA R .

E n ne r s o n
Eo Ere SON F i r t er i e e m b o d yi
. A BY A LP H A LD
t eIT froPmo t Ger
la d
H AN N

Pp m th e WI I
L B
by
CH
L L AM
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ti E i S
l ng the
M R s s, an

on on o f
.

8 , s e we d , 1 s 6 d ,
C
m er i n e t i on
r c s
wi h
an d di t s t h e as t
loth
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7
.

23
7 s 8 vo
1 84
. . . .

or y P re e by T O S C Y E
A di I n t ro d u c
t
V f
c

ti h l
ca ; an
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. .
,

pE ni lit e h Ebyitiponerm iP oi ot from fi r t

t
r n d,
fa c
ss
H MA
n,
A RL
th e
L , re
s dim tinnlyg vighoro
s e by thexpe re meionhig hhimorh hl tronet eri e
T he
ui s d
ca
sa
a Sc a
a
is
and

k
,

or i n th e erm n no th n w
’
a us ss c c a ac z

E SS YS R w W O
d 8y o 2s
“

g s s ,

ltho oron
all
t in
F i eh t e s w
ith l b G an d is i
. . .

m e r nem rr e
’
s a g

Eby E SON SCe on YSEer i eP o i h P relf the ngli h tr n l ti on —o

,
A BY A L PH A LD s Mr S .
'
s c a , u a a ss d, and
M R d t "
. c s, ac h ly E s a s a D u g l as J er

g
.

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3S 6 i T
H O MA S AR L L . st 8 vo . c o .

o f one o f thi ne b evert yo f

W
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ork pre en te l to n on
see s c a s a

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s s s

F e u er b l
By LU IT
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nee u bl i c
e rne t i n ere
ththee literholryr l the theereoforeth ethe Vmo n ti on eof
a
pi r it oran d sth
n ea t fo r m
n .

m
NO
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c ass

r n l t d fro m th e e o Ger m
s an c s a
T IA N I T Y . D W G FE U E R E A C H .
a s
a c as s : and f ca
S nd
T
Eo f i i on by M LiI N EVJ NS T”r Ll r or
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mngnli i nhg tee pbyer p bliil b eriter el omeb e ibnene
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rne
F i c h te s
m
t mo
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t
G ui d
'

w l
s a
w
s
Hu
,
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s
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po t S t ra u s s s esu s a ge a d c d

to the e of t r th — o o
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s 8 vo 1 08 6d E s dr ss u c w s , an d

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"
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m is t
.

fic i a l c au s u . Ec n .

Fi h t
FI T E w o l P o t
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, . .

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1 848
El othiti o P o t
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d n
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1 84 8
8 vo d . . vii . an 1 31 ,
t k enb eforee p erIng lmen ethne to reo tiligonion othf thne ever t
a a d e
p rOg res s
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a
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ro eennoon lyb e rom thp ere e l et nrnet elle It vel rn em he ar
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,
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g f
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thor ieg imolW
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ea on p ooa

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s a
on
sa
th or p
s ac

ro fo on pi e
a n au
we w c m
wh o ccu
is s
s
p
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on
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b t
e t h ll l o
f

t k
bu t
e p o e i on
f
c
c i
a ss
c n al c e a
'
h a n ow a t
e ss ;

ne o fl thi nkt erhe b eli eveirreto i btibl

a
s a d

e th
; as a n e eor t r ts
or
th th e as
s s
a
a
u d an d
in of m hhee Vr to —tion of o re o e i ht e tr ly
t a i n ed j
a
t hi
.
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s su c
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s
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a
r
a s
sp nd
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ss ss

hpporoe rg hly
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h ha
t h i d
ybl e t o eriblte nto breook er re thllye F c M an is
’
f
c a us
t u
n e
W
one o f ero
or k s
i n a nd c m an .
u ; a s 8.
T he sa s, i n t el l i
ca
al l ad s wh o a re a
u . as

a
i s , we b
a a
e li eve c
p er f t
Of any
e nove lty
or ti on th e poir itiblyon fittt keenforbyththe ire ple rtporere
, a c
hi
h e e s w s
.
o ur l an ag e
s
a
ho torbtyk no
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nu s a d a
mi d i ts
a t a l l ; a n d as
a us as s

so
a s a re a d

gr ni rre i tibl e th e i r e lo en e —
a d is
m
s
a
a
d u
c u
s ; d
al l
u
b oo k o f t i w
p
m htob eomb e tit ex itone l thioong htit I f it roon e
A
,

re d
t, a nd
o t e
a
h,
h s s ta m i s s u
is
ac
s

y ou

k
.
,
"
a nc so
T hi
tiponr ito f lity or m s s
t i nev
th e o f i en tifio trphy
s w it bl
i n
us rreby t th
th ee g tt
r en
n
qu
a
y
c
a
.

s
E a: a m i ner
a
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gtooo onorik erfortionin thof pt overi nty hi h h ve hithtirreer to

y ou
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c a hi s
c
c
s
c us
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s,
.

h as d
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it t
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re
c
c re
m mor
pt o
s ci a
s, an d
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u
a
a
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eQ preera c
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