Primary Cementing Calculation

SECTION 5
PRIMARY CEMENTING CALCULATIONS
Summary: Primary cementing is the initial cementing operation performed immediately after the pipe
(casing) has been run in the hole. This is accomplished by pumping cement slurry down the entire length
of casing, out the bottom joints, and up into the annular space. The cement is then allowed to set before
drilling is resumed or the well is completed. The set cement sheath in the annulus performs both
hydraulic and mechanical functions. In this section, you will be guided to do common calculations related
to primary cementing.
Metric & English Units Conversion Constants ……………...…………..… 1
Basic Formulas of Mathematics ……………..…………………………….. 2 - 5
Rheology Calculations ……………………………………….……………... 6 - 8
Dimensions & Strength ……………..……………………………………... 9 -
11
Formulas & Calculations of Cement Slurry Properties …………..…… 12 - 14
Field Cementing Job Calculations ……………………………………… 15 - 20
Formulas & Calculation of Hydrostatic Pressure ……………………….21 - 23

CHINA OIL FIELD SERVICES LIMITED CO.
 2003 COSL. All rights reserved.

Printed in China
July 2003
2
Cementing Handbook – Primary Cmt. Calculation
English / Metric Units
Conversion Constants
MULTIPLY BY AND OBTAIN
Barrels  5.6146 = Cu. Ft.
Barrels  9702 = Cu. In.
Barrels  42.0 = Gal.
Cu. Ft.  1728 = Cu. In
Cu. Ft.  0.037037 = Cu. Yd.
Cu. Ft.  7.4805 = Gal.
Cu. Ft.  0.1781 = Bbls.
Cu. Ft. /Min  0.1781 = Bbls./Min.
Cu. Ft. /Min  10.686 = Bbls./Hr.


Cu. Ft.-Water  62.31 = Pounds
Cu. In.  0.0005787 = Cu. Ft.
Cu. In.  0.004329 = Gal.
Cu. In.  0.0001031 = Bbls.
Cu. Yd.  27.0 = Cu. Ft.
Cu. Yd.  201.977 = Gal.


Gal.-Water  8.33 = Pounds
Gal.  0.13368 = Cu. Ft.
Gals./Lb.  8.345 = Litres/Kg
Lbs./Gal.  0.119839 = Kg/Litres
Specific Gravity  62.42 = Lbs./Cu. Ft.
Specific Gravity  8.345 = Lbs./Gal.
Feet  0.3048 = Meters
Feet  3.048 = Decimeters
Feet  30.48 = Centimeters
1
Inch  2.54 = Centimeters
Inch  25.4 = Millimeters
Miles  5280 = Feet
Miles/Hr.  1.4666 = Ft./Sec.
Sq. In.  0.006944 = Sq. Ft.
Sq. Ft.  144 = Sq. In.


Pounds-Water  0.12005 = Gal.-Water

Pounds-Water  0.016048 = Cu.Ft.Water
Horsepower  33000 = Ft.Lbs./Min.
Horsepower  550 = Ft.Lbs./Sec.
Square of Dia.  0.7854 = Circle Area
Water at 20℃, (680F.)
Water at 4℃, (39.20F.)
Basic Formulas of mathematics

(English unit)
1 Area
Area of a Circle
D- diameter of the circle, inch;
R- radius, inch
A=R2 = 3.1416 x (D/2)2 = 0.7854xD2 in2
= 0.7854 x (D/12)2 = 0.005454xD2 ft2
2
Area of a annulus
A= 0.7854 x (D2-d2) in2
= 0.00545 x (D2-d2) ft2
1in2 = 1/144ft2 = 0.006944 ft2
2 Volume
Volume of a column
V=0.7854 144D2 x H
=0.005454D2 x H ft3
=0.0009714D x H 2
bbl
D- Diameter of the column, inch
H- height (length) of the column, ft
Volume of a annulus
V= 0.005454 x (D2-d2) x H ft3
= 0.0009714 x (D2-d2) x H bbl
3 Force & Pressure

F =PxA lb
P-pressure, psi
A-area, in2 (effect area)
P =F  A psi
Note: Force can be defined as downward force, upward force and resulting force.
4 Density
D=WV lb/gal
W - total weight of the materials, lb
V - total volume of the materials , gal
5 Absolute Volume
Vabsolute = W x Factor gal
W - weight of the materials, lb
Factor - absolute volume factor, gal/lb
3
Note: This factor can be find in the hand book or calculated with the following equation
Factor=0.12/SG
SG- specific gravity of the materials
6 Buoyancy Factor
BF=1- (DfDs)
Df - fluid density, lb/gal
Ds - steel density, 65.445lb/gal
7 Calculating the true vertical depth

If the angle of the well is know as A,
TVD = MD, ft×COS( A), ft
A – degree, 0
Basic Formulas of mathematics

(Metric Unit)
1 Area
Area of a Circle
D- diameter of the circle, m;
R- radius, m
A=R2 = 3.1416 x (D/2)2 = 0.7854xD2 m2
4
Area of a annulus
A= 0.7854x 0.7854 x (D2-d2) m2
2 Volume
Volume of a column
V= A x H
= 0.7854x D2 x H m3
D- Diameter of the column, m
H- height (length) of the column, m
Volume of a annulus
V= 0.7854 x (D2-d2) x H m3
3 Force & Pressure

F =PxA N
P-pressure, Pa
A-area, m2 (effect area)
P =F  A Pa
Note: Force can be defined as downward force, upward force and resulting force.
4 Density
D=WV g/cm3
W - total weight of the materials, g
V - total volume of the materials, cm3
5 Absolute Volume
Vabsolute = W x Factor m3
W - weight of the materials, kg
Factor - absolute volume factor, m3/kg
Note: This factor can be find in the hand book or calculated with the following equation
Factor=1/SG
SG- specific gravity of the materials
5
6 Buoyancy Factor
BF=1- (DfDs)
Df - fluid density, g/cm3
Ds - steel density, 7.977 g/cm3
7 Calculating the true vertical depth

If the angle of the well is know as A,
TVD = MD, m × COS( A), m
A – degree, 0
Rheology Calculation
Hydrostatic Pressure
Ph = 0.052 H psi
 = fluid density lb/gal
H = height (vertical) of column ft
or Ph = 0.00981 H MPa
6
 = fluid density g/cm3
H = height(vertical) of column m
Displacement Velocity
17.15 Qb 3.057 Qf3
V = ——-—--—- = —-—-—-—-—- ft/sec
D 2
D 2
Qb = pump rate, bbl/min
Qf3= pump rate, ft3/min
D = inside diameter of pipe, inches
For annulus
D2 = Do2 - DI2
Do = outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, inches
DI = inner pipe outside diameter, inches
or
21221 Q
V = ——-—--—- m/sec
D 2
Q = pump rate, m3/min
D = inside diameter of pipe, mm
For annulus
D2 = Do2 - DI2
Do = outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, mm
DI = inner pipe outside diameter, mm
Viscosity and Gel Strength
A Marsh Funnel
Note: this is a simple device to routine measurement of viscosity. unit: second
B Fans viscometer
7
Plastic Viscosity and Yield Point
For mud and spacer
PV = 600 - 300 cp (centipoise)
YP = 300 - PV lb force/100 ft2
For Cement slurry
 = PV = 1.5 x (300 - 100) cp
YP = 300 - PV lb force/100 ft2
Conversion factor
(cp) = 0.1488 x 104 (lb mass/ft sec)
YP (lb force/100ft) = 100 YP (lb force/ft)
C Gel Strength
10 seconds and 10 minutes gel strength
unit: lbf /100 ft2
D Apparent viscosity (mud)
= 600  2
Rheology Calculation
A Judgment of the fluid model
200 - 100
F = 
300 - 100
If F = 0.5  0.03, it is Bingham Plastic model, otherwise, it is Power Law model.
B Calculation the flow parameters
For Bingham Plastic Model
Cement Slurry
p = 0.0015(300 - 100)
8
ι= 0.511300 - 511p
Drill fluid and spacer
p = 0.001(600 - 3100)
ι= 0.511600 - 1022p
For Power Law Model
Cement Slurry
300
n = 2.092 lg 
100
0.511300
K = 
511n
Drilling fluid and spacer
600
n = 3.322 lg 
300
0.511600
K = 
1022n
9
Dimensions and Strength
Tensile Strength--Body Yield Strength
J-55 casing, Tensile Strength is 55 x 1000=55000 lb/in2
N-80 casing, Tensile Strength is 80 x 1000=80000 lb/in2
To calculate the total tensile strength of the casing:
=Tensile lb/in2 x Area of the cross section in2
Maximum Length of Pipe that can be Suspend in Air
=Tensile strength  Lb/ft of the pipe
Maximum Length of Pipe that can be Suspend in the Fluid
=Tensile strength ( weight of the pipe x BF of the fluid)
Collapse Resistance --psi
 Pressure outside of a pipe tends to collapse it. The natural tendency of the pipe to
resist this is called the collapse resistance.
 This pressure can be fund in section 200 in the red book.
10
 The consideration should be taken during cementing operation is w
differential pressure is great than the collapse resistance of the pipe.
Maximum Swabbing Depth
collapse resistance  psi/ft of the fluid in the annulus
Internal Yield Pressure (IY), psi
 The pressure try to burst the casing. The weakest point of a casing string whe
applying pressure in it is the top end of the string.
 When displacing the cement or heavy fluid with light fluid, a differential pressure
m us t be o ve r c om e by a pp l yi ng pr e s s ur e i n s i de t he c a s i ng or t ub i ng . I f t he d iff e r e nt i a l
pressure is greater than the Internal Yield pressure, the job can not be done.
Pipe Stretch Factor “C”
 A pull will be applied on a pipe when it is stuck in the well and this may stretch the
pipe. To calculating the length of stretch for a pipe the Pipe Stretch Factor must be used.
To calculate the unknown Factor of a pipe,
Cunknown = C known x (weight of known, LB/FT (weight of unknown, LB/FT)
Cknown—the C factor closest to the unknown pipe
Calculating Formulas for Pipe Stretch when pull above weight of pipe
Formula for determining the stretch in pipe
S = (L x P x C)/(1000 x 1000)
Formula for determining pull of pipe
P = (1000 x 1000 x S)/(L x C)
Formula for free pipe depth
L = (1000 x 1000 x S)/(P x C)
L--length of free pipe, ft
P—pull on pipe to get the stretch “S”, lb
S—Stretch pulled in pipe, in
Pipe Extension due to it Own Weight in Water
Ew = 0.5551 x (L/1000 x L/1000)
Ew—extension in water, in
11
Pipe Extension due to it Own Weight in Mud
Em = Ew x (BF of mud/0.8727)
Em—extension in mud, in
Pipe Extension due to average temperature change
Et = 0.0000828 in/ft/F x L x Change in average temperature
Change in average temperature
= average temp. begin - average temp. end
average temp. = (Surface temp. + BHT) 2 F
Pipe Extension due to pressure change
Ep = P x (pressure applied/1000 x pipe length/1000)
Ep—extension due to pressure change, in
P –P factor for pipe, in/1000psi/1000ft
Size of P factor,
Tubing, D.P. or Casing in/1000psi/1000ft
1.90 EUE Tubing none
2.375 EUE Tubing 0.42
2.875 EUE Tubing 0.4488
3.500 EUE Tubing 0.4704
2.875 10.40 lb/ft D.P. 0.2376
3.500 13.3 lb/ft D.P. 0.3000
4.500 16.6 lb/ft D.P. 0.4536
Total Pipe Extension
E total = Em + Et + Ep
Note: The extension due to the temperature will make the pipe shorter if the average
temperature change becomes less
The extension due to the pressure will make the pipe shorter if the pressure
become less.
Slack off data for Tubing and Drill Pipe
Required Slack (in) = F x (Designed Weight/1000)
12
x (Pipe Depth/1000)
F—Slack off Factor of pipe, inches to slack off to obtain 1000 lbs weight
packer for each 1000 ft of depth.
Formulas & Calculations of Cement Slurry Properties

(English Unit)
1. Weight of additive per sack of cement
Weight , lb/sk = percent of additive × 94
2. Total water requirement of cement:
Water, gal/sk =Cement water requirement, gal/sk +Additive water requirement, gal/sk
3. Volume of slurry:
Volume, gal/sk= 94lb÷(density of Cement, lb/gal) +(weight of additive, lb) ÷(density of
additive, lb/gal)+water volume, gal/sk
4. Slurry density:
Density, lb/gal =(total mass, lb/sk) ÷(total slurry volume, gal/sk)
=(94, lb/sk + wt of additive, lb/sk +wt of water, lb/sk) ÷ (vol of slurry, gal/sk)
5. Slurry yield:
Yield, ft3/sk = (vol of slurry, gal/sk)÷7.48 gal/ft3
13
6. Mixing Water:
M/W = (weight of additive, lb) ÷(density of additive, lb/gal) +water volume, gal/sk
NOTE: Mixing Water did not including additives which be mixed with the cement.
Formulas & Calculations of Cement Slurry Properties

(Metric Unit)
1. Weight of additive per 100kg of cement
Weight, kg /100kg = percent of additive×100
2. Total water requirement of cement:
Wa t e r, l / 1 0 0 k g = C e m e n t w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t , l / 1 0 0 k g + A d d i t i v e w a t e r r e
l/100kg
3. Volume of slurry:
Vo l u m e , l / 1 0 0 k g = 1 0 0 , k g / 1 0 0 k g ÷ ( d e n s i t y o f C e m e n t , k g / l ) + ( w e i g h
kg/100kg) ÷(density of additive, kg/l)+volume of water, l/100kg
4. Slurry density:
Density, kg/l = (total mass, kg/100kg) ÷(total slurry volume, l/100kg)
=(100, kg/100kg + wt of additive, kg/100kg +wt of water, kg/100kg) ÷(vol of slurry,
l/100kg)
5. Slurry yield:
Yield, l/100kg=Volume of slurry
6. Mixing water:
M/W, l/100kg = (weight of additive, kg/100kg) ÷(density of additive, kg/l) +volume of
14
water, l/100kg
NOTE: Mixing Water did not including additives which be mixed with the cement.
Example
(English Unit)
Example: Class “G” Cement+21.4%(bwoc)SILICA+0.03gpsCX603L
+0.09gpsCF401L +3%(bwoc)CA903S+5.82gps S/W
Where: CX603L, deformer, 8.33ppg;
CF401L, dispersant, 10.0ppg;
CA903S, accelerator, 18.33ppg.
CEMENT: 26.24ppg; SILICA: 21.91ppg; S/W: 8.54ppg.
Formulas and Calculations
1) Weight of additive
Weight of SILICA = 21.4%×94=20.12lb/sk
Weight of CX603L=0.03gal/sk×8.33lb/gal=0.25 lb/sk
Weight of CF401L=0.09gal/sk×10.0 lb/gal=0.9 lb/sk
Weight of CA903S= 3%×94=2.82 lb/sk
Weight of WATER=5.82gal/sk×8.54lb/gal=49.70 lb/sk
2) Volume of Slurry
Vol = 94÷26.24+21.12÷21.91+0.03+0.09+2.82÷18.33+5.82
=3.58+0.96+0.03+0.09+0.15+5.82=10.63 gal/sk
3) Slurry yield
15
Yield, ft3/sk = 10.63 gal/sk÷7.48 gal/ft3=1.42 ft3/ft
4) Slurry density:
Density, lb/gal = (94+20.12+0.25+0.9+2.82+49.70) ÷10.63
=15.8 lb/gal
5) Mixing Water:
M/W, gal/sk = 0.03+0.09+(2.82÷18.33)+5.82
=6.09 gal/sk
NOTE: Mixing Water did not including the SILICA which be mixed with the cement
Example
(Metric Units)
Example: Class G Cement+21.4%SILICA+0.3%CX603L
+1%CF401L +3%CA903S+52.92%S/W
Where: CX603L, deformer, 1.0kg/l;
16
CF401L, dispersant, 1.20kg/l;
CA903S, accelerator, 2.2kg/l.
SILICA: 2.63 kg/l; S/W: 1.025kg/l.
Formulas and Calculations
1) Weight of additive:
Weight of SILICA = 21.4%×100=21.4 kg/100kg
Weight of CX603L=0.3%×100 = 0.3 kg/100kg
Weight of CF401L=1%×100 =1 kg/100kg
Weight of CA903S= 3%×100 = 3 kg/100kg
Weight of WATER=52.92%×100 = 52.92 kg/100kg
2) Volume of Slurry:
Vol = 100÷3.15+21.4÷2.63+0. 3÷1.0+1÷1.2+3÷2.2+52.92÷1.025
=31.75+8.14+0.3+0.83+1.36+51.63
=94.01 l/100kg
3) Slurry yield:
Yield, l/100kg = 94.01 l/100kg
4) Slurry density:
Density, kg/l = (100+21.4+0.3+1+3+52.92) ÷94.01=1.90 kg/l
5) Mixing Water:
M/W, l/100kg = 0. 3÷1.0+1÷1.2+3÷2.2+52.92÷1.025
= 0.3+0.83+1.36+51.63
= 54.12 l/100kg
NOTE: Mixing Water did not including the SILICA which be mixed with the cement.
17
Calculations of Cementing Job

(English Unit)
If the cementing program is known, use the following:
1. Basic Formulas:
Determine the following capacities:
1) Annular between casing and hole capacity; and annular between casin
casing or DP capacity, if necessary;
Annular capacity, ft3/ft= (Dh,in.2-Dp,in.2) ÷183.35
Annular capacity, bbl/ft= (Dh,in.2-Dp,in.2) ÷1029.4
2) Casing and DP inside capacity;
Casing capacity, ft3/ft= ID, in.2 ÷183.35
Casing capacity, bbl/ft= ID, in.2 ÷1029.4
2. Basic Calculation
 Step 1
Determine the cementing slurry required:
L e a d s 3=
l uf re re yt , t fo t b e c e m e n t e d b y l e a d
ft /ft
3
× open hole (1+excess)
T a i l s 3=l fu er er ty , t of t b e c e m e n t e d b y t a i l
ft /ft
3
18
× open hole(1+excess)+ feet between float and collar
× Casing capacity, ft3/ft
 Step 2
Determine the Cement required:
Cement required, sk= Cement slurry required, ft3÷yield of Cement, ft3/sk
 Step 3
Determine the Mixing Water required:
Mixing Water, bbl = Cement required, sk × Water required, gal/sk ÷ 42
 Step 4
Determine the Mixing Water exactly prepared:
Mixing Water prepared, bbl = Mixing Water required + Mixing Water excess
From the Mixing Water prepared, Determine the equate used Cement:
Equate used Cement, sk= Mixing Water prepared, bbl × 42÷Water required, gal/sk
 Step 5
Determine additives of lead or tail slurry used:
If the additive be mixed with Cement, then
additive used，lb= additive Weight , lb/sk×cement required, sk
If the additive be mixed with water, then
additive used，lb = additive weight , lb/sk×Equate used Cement, sk
 Step 6
Determine the displacement volume:
displacement volume, bbl= displacement volume in DP, bbl+ displacement volume
in Casing, bbl
 Step 7
Determine the number of strokes required to bump the plug:
Strokes = displacement volume, bbl÷pump output, bbl/stk
 Step 8
19
Determine the pressure of bumping the plug:
Pressure, psi = different pressure between annular and inside casing,psi + circulating
pressure excess, psi
Note: the normally use of circulating pressure excess is 500psi.
Example
From the data listed below, prepare the cementing job:
Well Data: 12-1/4in well hole , 9-5/8in casing(47lb/ft, ID: 8. 681in) shoe at 7500ft, top of cement
at 5500ft, length between casing shoe and casing collar: 75ft, 13-3/8in casing shoe set
at 4921ft.
Open hole excess: 50%;
Mud weight: 10.0ppg
Pump output: 0.112bbl/stk
S l “G”C
u M
r rT
(bwoc)CH201S+4.89gpsF/W
Slurry Density: 15.86ppg;
Slurry Yield: 1.14ft3/sk
Mixing Water: 4.98gps
 Step 1
1) Annular capacity between casing and hole, ft3/ft
Annular capacity, ft3/ft = (12.252-9.6252) ÷183.35
Annular capacity = 0.3132 ft3/ft
20
2) Casing capacity, ft3/ft:
Casing capacity, ft3/ft = 8.6812÷183.35= 0.4110ft3/ft
 Step 2
Calculate the cementing slurry required:
Slurry in annular, ft3 = (7500-5500)×0.3132=626.4 ft3
Oh excess, ft3 = 626.4×50% = 313.2 ft3
Slurry inside casing, ft3 = 75×0.4110 ＝ 30.8 ft3
Total Slurry, ft3 = 626.4+313.2+30.8 = 970.4 ft3
 Step 3
Determine the cement required:
Cement required, sk= 970.4÷1.14 = 851 sk
 Step 4
Mixing Water, bbl = 851×4.98÷42 =100.9 bbl
 Step 5
Determine the Mixing Water prepared and equate used cement:
Here, Mixing Water prepare 150 bbl;
equate used cement, sk = 150×42÷4.98 =1265 sk
NOTE: In field, sometimes the mixing water will be prepared in the mud pit where can not pump
out all the mixing water; sometimes the mixing water will be used for spacer or others.
The amount of mixing water is variable.
 Step 6
Determine the additive used:
All the additive be mixed with water,
F/W = 1265 sk×4.89gps = 6185.85 gal;
21
CX603L = 1265 sk×0.03gps=37.95 gal;
CF401L = 1265 sk×0.05gps =63.25 gal;
CH201L = 1265 sk×94lb/sk×0.2%=237.82 lb
 Step 7
Determine displacement volume and bump plug strokes:
Displacement volume = (7500-75)×0.4110=3051.7 ft3
Strokes = 3051.7÷5.618÷0.112 = 4849 stk
 Step 8
Determine the bumping pressure:
Pannular = 0.052×15.86×(7500-5500)+0.052×10.0×5500 = 4509 psi
Pinside = 0.052×15.86×75+0.052×10.0×(7500-75) = 3923 psi
Pbump = Pannular - Pinside + Pexcess = 4509 – 3923 + 500 = 1086 psi
Note: the amount of Pexcess is variable.
22
Calculations of Cementing Job

(Metric Unit)
If the cementing program is known, use the following:
1. Basic Formulas:
1) Annular between casing and hole capacity; and annular between casing and casing or
DP capacity, if necessary;
Annular capacity, m3/m= (Dh, m2-Dp, m2) ×0.7854
2) Casing and DP inside capacity;
capacity, m3/m= ID, m2×0.7854
2. Basic Calculations
 Step 1
L e a d s l3=u Lr er ny g, m
t h t o b e c e m e n t e d b y l e a d , m ×
m /m
3
× (1+excess)
T a i l s l 3u= rLr ey n, g m
t h t o b e c e m e n t e d b y t a i l , m ×
m3/m ×(1+excess) + Length between float and collar, m × Casing
capacity, m3/m
 Step 2
Determine the Cement required:
C e m e n t r e q u i r e d , k g = C e m e n t 3÷s yl ui er rl dy or ef q Cu ei rme ed n, t ,ml / 1 0 0 k g
×100000
23
 Step 3
Mixing Water, m3 = Cement required, kg× Water required, l/100kg÷100000
 Step 4
Determine the Mixing Water exactly prepared:
Mixing Water prepared, m3 = Mixing Water required + Mixing Water excess
From the Mixing Water prepared, Determine the equate used Cement:
Equate used Cement, kg = Mixing Water prepared,

3
÷Water
m required, l/100kg ×
100000
 Step 5
Determine additives of lead or tail slurry used:
If the additive be mixed with Cement, then
additive used，kg= percent of additive×cement required, kg
If the additive be mixed with water, then
additive used, kg = percent of additive×Equate used Cement, kg
 Step 6
Determine the displacement volume:
Displacementvolume, m3= displacement volume in DP, m

3
+ displacement volume
in Casing, m3
 Step 7
Determine the number of strokes required to bump the plug:
Strokes = displacement volume, m3÷pump output, m3/stk
 Step 8
Determine the pressure of bumping the plug:
Pressure, MPa = different pressure between annular and inside ca
24
circulating pressure excess, MPa
Note: the normally use of circulating pressure excess is about 3.5MPa.
Example
From the data listed below, prepare the cementing job:
Well Data: 311.15mm well hole , 244.5mm casing(69.94kg/m, ID: 220.5mm) shoe at 2286m, top
of ceme nt at 1676m, length betwe en ca sing shoe a nd c asing collar: 23m, 339.7mm
Casing shoe at 1500m.
Open hole excess: 50%.
Mud weight: 1.20 g/cm3
Pump Output: 0.0178 m3/stk
Slurry Composition:
“G”CMT+0.3%(bwoc)CX603L+0.5%(bwoc)CF401L+0.2%(bwoc)CH201S+43.4%(bwoc)F/W
Slurry Density: 1.9 g/cm3;
Slurry Yield: 76.0 l/100kg
Mixing Water: 44.26 l/100kg
 Step 1
Annular capacity between casing and hole, m 3/m
Annular capacity,m3/m = (0.311152-0.24452) ×0.7854
Annular capacity = 0.0291 m3/m
Casing capacity, m3/m:
Casing capacity, m3/m = 0.22052×0.7854= 0.0381 m3/m
25
 Step 2
Slurry in annular, m3 = (2286-1676)×0.0291=17.751 m3
Oh excess, m3 =17.75×50% = 8.876 m3
Slurry inside casing, m3 = 23×0.0381 ＝ 0.876 m3
Total Slurry, m3 = 17.751+8.876+0.876 = 27.503 m 3
 Step 3
Determine the cement required:
Cement required, kg=27.503÷76.0×100000 = 36189 kg
 Step 4
Mixing Water, m3 = 36189×44.26÷100000 =16.02 m3
 Step 5
Determine the Mixing Water prepared and equate used cement:
Mixing Water prepare 24 m3;
equate used cement, kg = 24÷44.26×100000 =54225 kg
NOTE: In field, sometimes the mixing water will be prepared in the mud pit where can not pump
out all the mixing water; sometimes the mixing water will be used for spacer or others.
The amount of mixing water is variable.
 Step 6
Determine the additive used:
All the additive be mixed with water,
F/W = 54225×43.4% = 23534 kg=23.534 m3;
CX603L = 54225×0.3%=162.7 kg;
CF401L = 54225×0. 5% =271.1 kg;
26
CH201L = 54225×0.2%=108.5 kg
 Step 7
Determine displacement volume and bump plug strokes:
Displacement volume = (2286-23)×0.0381=86.22 m3
Strokes = 86.22÷0.0178= 4843 stk
 Step 8
Determine the bumping pressure:
Pannular = 0.00981×1.9×(2286-1676)+0.00981×1.2×1676 = 31.1MPa
Pinside = 0.00981×1.9×23+0.00981×1.2×(2286-23) = 27.1MPa
Pbump = Pannular - Pinside + Pexcess = 31.1 – 27.1 + 3.5 = 7.5MPa
Note: the amount of Pexcess is variable.
27
Calculations of Differential Hydrostatic Pressure

Between Annulus and Inside Casing
(English unit)
1. Basic Formulas:
Hydrostatic Pressure, psi=density of fluid, ppg×0.052×height of fluid, ft
NOTE: the height of fluid in well must use TVD.
2. Basic Calculation:
 Step 1
Determine the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the cement

、spacer ahead and
any mud remaining in the annular.
HP, psi = HP of cement + HP of spacer + HP of mud
= 0 . 0 5 2 × d e n s i t y o f c, c fe t m +e n 0t ., 0 p5 p2 g× ×d H
e n s i t y o f s p a c
ppg×Hs, ft +0.052×density of mud, ppg×Hm, ft
 Step 2
D e t e r m i n e t h e h y d ro s t a t i c p re s s u r e e x e r t e d b y、t shpeam
c eurdb e h i n d a n d
any cement remaining inside casing.
HP, psi = HP of cement + HP of spacer + HP of mud
= 0 . 0 5 2 × d e n s i t y o f c,c ef m
t e+n t0, . 0p 5p 2g ×× dHe n s i t y o f s p a c e
ppg×Hs, ft +0.052×density of mud, ppg×Hm, ft
 Step 3
Determine the differential hydrostatic pressure between annular and casing
dif HP, psi = HP in annular, psi－HP inside casing, psi
28
(Metric unit)
1. Basic Formulas:
Hydrostatic Pressure, MPa=density of fluid, g/cm3×0.00981×height of fluid, m
NOTE: the height of fluid in well must use TVD.
2. Basic Calculation
 Step 1
Determine the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the cement

、spacer ahead and
any mud remaining in the annular.
HP, Mpa = HP of cement + HP of spacer + HP of mud
= 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 × d e n s i t y o f c e m e n3t×, Hgc,/ cmm + 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 × d e n s i t y o f s p a c e r,
g/cm3×Hs, m +0.00981×density of mud, g/cm3×Hm, m
 Step 2
D e t e r m i n e t h e h y d ro s t a t i c p re s s u r e e x e r t e d b y、t shpeam
c eurdb e h i n d a n d
any cement remaining inside casing.
HP, MPa = HP of cement + HP of spacer + HP of mud
= 0.00981× de ns ity of c e m ent ,3×g/Hcm

c, m + 0.00981× de nsi ty of s pa ce r,
g/cm3×Hs, m +0.00981×density of mud, g/cm3×Hm, m
 Step 3
Determine the differential hydrostatic pressure between annular and casing
dif HP, MPa = HP in annular, MPa－HP inside casing, MPa
Example
29
(English Unit)
Example:12-1/4in well hole, 9-5/8in(47lb/ft) casing shoe at 10000ft. Float shoe to Float collar:
82ft. Mud weight: 10.0 lb/gal. Cementing program:
Lead slurry (13.2ppg) = 2000ft;
Tail slurry (15.8ppg) = 1200ft;
 Step 1
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus
1) hydrostatic pressure of tail cement in annulus:
HP = 15.8×0.052×1200=986 psi
2) hydrostatic pressure of lead cement in annulus:
HP = 13.2×0.052×2000=1373 psi
3) hydrostatic pressure of mud in annulus:
HP = 10.0×0.052×(10000-2000-1200)=3536 psi
4) Total hydrostatic pressure in annulus:
HP = 986+1373+3536=5895 psi
 Step 2
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure inside casing
1) hydrostatic pressure of cement inside casing:
HP = 15.8×0.052×82=67 psi
2) hydrostatic pressure of mud inside casing:
HP = 10.0×0.052×(10000-82)=5157 psi
HP = 67+5157=5224 psi
 Step 3
Determine the differential pressure
HPd = 5895-5224=671 psi
30
Example
(Metric Unit)
Example: 311.15mm well hole, 244.45mm(69.94kg/m) casing shoe at 3000m. Float shoe to Float
collar: 24m. Mud weight: 1.20g/cm 3. Cementing program:
Lead slurry (1.58g/cm3) = 600m(TVD);
Tail slurry (1.90 g/cm3) = 400m(TVD);
 Step 1
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus
1) hydrostatic pressure of tail cement in annulus:
31
HP = 1.90×0.00981×400=7.46 Mpa
2) hydrostatic pressure of lead cement in annulus:
HP = 1.58×0.00981×600=9.30 Mpa
3) hydrostatic pressure of mud in annulus:
HP = 1.20×0.00981×(3000-600-400)=23.54 Mpa
HP = 7.46+9.30+23.54=40.30 Mpa
 Step 2
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure inside casing
1) hydrostatic pressure of cement inside casing:
HP = 1.90×0.00981×24=0.45Mpa
2) hydrostatic pressure of mud inside casing:
HP = 1.20×0.00981×(3000-24)=35.03 Mpa
HP = 0.45+35.03=35.48 MPa
 Step 3
Determine the differential pressure
HPd = 40.30-35.48=4.82 MPa
32

Primary Cementing Calculation

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Primary Cementing Calculation

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SECTION 5

PRIMARY CEMENTING CALCULATIONS

Metric & English Units Conversion Constants ……………...…………..… 1

Basic Formulas of Mathematics ……………..…………………………….. 2 - 5

Rheology Calculations ……………………………………….……………... 6 - 8

Dimensions & Strength ……………..……………………………………... 9 -

Formulas & Calculations of Cement Slurry Properties …………..…… 12 - 14

Field Cementing Job Calculations ……………………………………… 15 - 20

Formulas & Calculation of Hydrostatic Pressure ……………………….21 - 23

 2003 COSL. All rights reserved.

English / Metric Units

MULTIPLY BY AND OBTAIN

Barrels  5.6146 = Cu. Ft.

Barrels  9702 = Cu. In.

Barrels  42.0 = Gal.

Cu. Ft.  1728 = Cu. In

Cu. Ft.  0.037037 = Cu. Yd.

Cu. Ft.  7.4805 = Gal.

Cu. Ft.  0.1781 = Bbls.

Cu. Ft. /Min  0.1781 = Bbls./Min.

Cu. Ft. /Min  10.686 = Bbls./Hr.

Cu. In.  0.0005787 = Cu. Ft.

Cu. In.  0.004329 = Gal.

Cu. In.  0.0001031 = Bbls.

Cu. Yd.  27.0 = Cu. Ft.

Cu. Yd.  201.977 = Gal.

Gal.  0.13368 = Cu. Ft.

Gals./Lb.  8.345 = Litres/Kg

Lbs./Gal.  0.119839 = Kg/Litres

Specific Gravity  62.42 = Lbs./Cu. Ft.

Specific Gravity  8.345 = Lbs./Gal.

Feet  0.3048 = Meters

Feet  3.048 = Decimeters

Feet  30.48 = Centimeters

Inch  2.54 = Centimeters

Inch  25.4 = Millimeters

Miles  5280 = Feet

Miles/Hr.  1.4666 = Ft./Sec.

Sq. In.  0.006944 = Sq. Ft.

Sq. Ft.  144 = Sq. In.

Horsepower  33000 = Ft.Lbs./Min.

Horsepower  550 = Ft.Lbs./Sec.

Square of Dia.  0.7854 = Circle Area

Water at 20℃, (680F.)

Water at 4℃, (39.20F.)

Basic Formulas of mathematics

D- diameter of the circle, inch;

A=R2 = 3.1416 x (D/2)2 = 0.7854xD2 in2

= 0.7854 x (D/12)2 = 0.005454xD2 ft2

A= 0.7854 x (D2-d2) in2

= 0.00545 x (D2-d2) ft2

1in2 = 1/144ft2 = 0.006944 ft2

D- Diameter of the column, inch

H- height (length) of the column, ft

V= 0.005454 x (D2-d2) x H ft3

= 0.0009714 x (D2-d2) x H bbl

3 Force & Pressure

A-area, in2 (effect area)

W - total weight of the materials, lb

V - total volume of the materials , gal

W - weight of the materials, lb

Factor - absolute volume factor, gal/lb

SG- specific gravity of the materials

Df - fluid density, lb/gal