MOCK TEST (Olympiad) : Fiitjee

Mock Test-INPhO-Physics 1
FIITJEE
MOCK TEST (Olympiad)
for XI & XII (INPhO)
PHYSICS (HINTS & SOLUTIONS)

1. Simple Sawtooth Signal Generator
(a) Consider 0  Voutput  V f . The spark gap now behaves as an open circuit.
Vbattery  Rdq / dt  q / C
Solving, q  CVbattery (1  et / RC )
Vbattery
Voutput  V f  t0  RC ln
Vbattery  V f
After this, SG behaves as a short circuit.
As a result, the capacitor discharges rapidly and Voutput falls rapidly to zero, giving a
sawtooth waveform. Charging starts again afterwards.
(b) For the exponentially increasing function Voutput to be approximately linear. t/RC must
be extremely small for all values of t, so that et / RC ~ 1  t / RC
Vbattery
In particular, t0  RC , i.e ln should be very small.
Vbattery  V f
(c) Now linearizing Voutput using (b), we get

Voutput ~ Vbattery  (t / RC )
Hence t0  V f / Vbattery  RC
Hence period T of waveform  V f / Vbattery  RC
(d) Since T, the period, depends on both V f and R, one of them should be changed vary
T. However, a change in SG would change Vf and hence the amplitude as well. As
only the period is to be changed, R should be changed.
(e) To change the amplitude, SG must be changed but then T would also change and
hence R also has to be changed appropriately.
2. (a) Radiant energy per unit area per second of the ordinary star
 T 4
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Total power radiated =   4 r 2  T 4
Power per unit area P on the earth’s surface
  4 r 2  T 4  r 2T 4
2
r P
  or   
4 l 2
l 2
 l  T
4
Now let us consider the gravitational shift in wavelength of the calcium line. A
photon with zero potential energy at infinity gains a P.E  GMm / r  at a distance r
from a star.
where m = mass of photon = energy /c2
Hence E '  E  E  GM / rc2 Hence  '/   E / E '
1 GM
 ~ 1 2
1   GM / rc 
2
rc
Hence relative change in   GM / rc2 =given quantity say S giving M / r  c2  S / G
If the radius of the star’s orbit around the common centre of mass is a1 , then
1 1
a1  d , a2  d
2 2
Further, half the period of revolution is given as t.
2t 2 4 2
By Kepler’s 3rd law, 
 a1  a2  G  m1  m2 
3
a2
m1 
 a1  a2   m1  m2 
d 
 
d  d (Gt )  (l / 8)(d  d )3
2 3
But m1 / r  c 2  S / G
Thus, r is found in terms of l.
But r/l is known to be P /  T 4
Thus, l can be solved for from these 2 equations, as required.
(b) Let a mass dm of the gas be ejected by the ordinary star. The velocity of the star is
found as follows:
M 0 V 2 / r0  GM 0 m / r02 or V  GM / r0
Hence Vgas  V0 j  GM / r0 i
where i and j are unit vectors.
Hence Li  r  p  (r0 j )  dm(V0 j  GM / r0 i )
 dm[ GMr0 (k )]  GMr0 kdm
(where k is a unit vector)
L f  dm(rf )(v f )k
Conservation of Angular momentum gives:
Li  L f . Hence GMr0  rf v f .
Initial total energy of ejected gas
1  GM  G(dm) M
Ei  dm  v02  
2  r0  r0
1 GMdm
Final total energy, E f  v 2f dm 
2 rf
Now conservation of energy gives Ei  E f
Using both the equations obtained and solving the resulting quadratic for rf , we get
r0
rf   [v0 GMr0  GM ]
(r v  GM )
2
0 0
3.
(a) Consider a thin shell which is equivalent to a set of parallel long wires put around a
circle. Consider two wires A and B which are equi-distant form OQP.
B
B BA BB
OQ
BB P
BA
B
A
Let BA be the magnetic field due to wire A and BB be the magnetic field due to wire
B. According to the Biolt Savart law, both magnetic fields are equal in magnitude
and their projections on the line OQP are also equal, but in opposite directions by
geometry. The resultant magnetic field
B  BA  BB
is always perpendicular to the line OQP and therefore always tangential to the circle
through the point of observation.
(b) (a) r  a : Using Ampere’s law
 B.dl
c
 0
B 2 r  0
B0
b
C
r
a
(i) (ii)
(b) a  r  b
  r 2  a2 
B 2  r  0 I
  b2  a 2 
0 I  r 2  a 2 
B
2 r  b 2  a 2 
C
(c) r  b :
B 2 r  0 I
0 I
B
2 r
(iii)
(c) F v
v B

v
r
b I
a
L
0 I
F  qv  B .Fr  qvB  qv
2 r
dv0 I dt qv0 I dx q0 I dx q0 I L
Impulse:  Fr dt  2  r  2  rv  2  r  2 r
q IL
Change of momentum along radial direction: Pr   Fr dt  0
2 r
P q0 IL 0 IqL 1
Deflection:  r   .
P 2 rmv 2 mv r
 25 
4. (a) F cost  Rs 6.00   8000   Rs 0.07 = 6 + 200(0.7) = Rs 20
 1000 
 8000 
I cost = Rs 0.80  0.4 +  100   0.07 = Rs 3.20 + 56.00 = Rs 59.20
 1000 
Saving = Rs. 39.20
(b) Reasonable histogram (4  8) boxes acceptable.
Most likely value of h (max in histogram)
i) 65.5 (full marks)
(64  66 acceptable, 63  64 and 66 – 67 half marks)
ii) 1.0 (full marks)
( 1.5 acceptable,  2.00 half marks)
(c) 2y
2y
GMEm
(d) = m(RE + h)2
(RE  h)2
3
GME  h  2
2
 RE  1   
RE  RE 
3
GME  h  g
But g = , So  1   
2
RE  RE  RE2
 g 
h = RE  3  1
 R 2 
 E 
h = 35.9  106 m
(e) i) Q = C(6E) E E
= (6E)Q = (6E)2C
1 1
CV 2  C  6E 
2
Energy gained by C =
2 2 R
C
Energy dissipated by resistance =
 1  1
(6E)2C  1    C  6E   18CE
2 2
 2 2
ii) Work done by battery in form of lost energy (If E
Q = CV  charge transferred at each stage)
= Q (E + 2E + 3E + 4E + 5E + 6E) C
= CE (E + 2E + 3E + 4E + 5E + 6E) = R
21CE2 E E
 Energy lost by resistor = CE (21  18) =
2
3CE2
R
C
(f) i) a) Equation of motion m y = ky
k m
2 =
; Ta = 2
m k
b) Equation of motion
k k 2m
m y =  y , 2 = ; Tb = 2
2 2m k
c) Equation of motion
2k m
m y = 2ky, 2 =
; Tc = 2
m 2k
ii) No change in all cases, gravitation just provides a constant force which does not
affect changes in y.
5.
(a) The potential energy gain eV is converted into kinetic energy. Thus
1 2
mv  eV (non-relativistivally)
2
mc 2
 mc 2  eV (relativistically)
1 v / c
2 2
 2eV / m (non-relativistically)

Hence v    mc 2 
2
……(1)
c 1   2  (relativistically)
  mc  eV 
(b) When V = 0 the electron moves in a homogeneous static magnetic field. The
magnetic Lorentz force acts orthogonal to the velocity and the electron will move in a
circle. The initial velocity is tangential to the circle.
The radius R of the orbit (the “cyclotron radius”) is determined by equating the
centripetal force and the Lorentz force:
B
b
a
R
mv02 mv
eBv0  , i.e B  0 ……(2)
R eR
From the figure we see that in the critical case the radius R of the circle satisfies
a2  R2  b  R
By squaring we obtain a  R  b  2bR  R

2 2 2 2
i.e. R 
b 2
 a2 
2b
Insertion of this value for the radius into the expression (2) gives the critical
mv 2bmv0
field Bc  0  2 .
eR  b  a 2  e
(c) The change in angular momentum with time is produced by a torque. Here the
azimuthal component F of the Lorentz force F   e  B  v provides a torque F r . It
dr
is only the radial component vr  of the velocity that provides an azimuthal
dt
dL dr d eBr 2 
Lorentz force. Hence  eBr , which can be rewritten as  L    0.
dt dt dt  2 
1
Hence C  L  eBr 2 ………..(3)
2
is constant during the motion. The dimensionless number k in the problem text is thus
1
k .
2
(d) We evaluate the constant C, equation (3), at the surface of the inner cylinder and at
the maximal distance rm :
1 1 eB  rm2  a 2 
0  eBa 2  mvrm  eBrm2 which gives v  …………(4)
2 2 emrm
Alternative solution: One may first determine the electric potential V® as function
of the radial distance. in cylindrical geometry the field falls off inversely proportional
to r, which requires a logarithmic potential, V (s)  c1 ln r  c2 .
When the two constants are determined to yield V (a)  0 and V (b)  V we have
ln(r / a)
V (r )  V
ln(b / a)
The gain in potential energy, sV (rm ), is converted into kinetic energy:
1 2 ln(rm / a) 2eV ln(rm / a)
mv  eV . Thus v  ………(5)
2 ln(b / a) m ln(b / a)
(4) and (5) seem to be different answer. This is only apparent since rm is not
independent parameter, but determined by B and V so that the two answer are
identical.
(e) For the critical magnetic field the maximal distance rm equals b, the radius of the
outer cylinder, and the speed at the turning point is then
eB(b 2  a 2 )
v
2mb
1
Since the Lorentz force does not work, the corresponding kinetic energy mv 2 equal
2
eV (question a): v  2eV / m .
eB(b2  a 2 ) 2eV
The last two equations are consistent when  .
2mb m
2b 2mV
The critical magnetic field for current cut-off is therefore Bc  .
b a 2
e 2
(f) The Lorentz force has no component parallel to the magnetic field, and consequently
the velocity component vB is constant under the motion. The corresponding
displacement parallel to the cylinder axis has no relevance for the question of
reaching the anode.
Let v denote the final azimuthal speed of an electron that barely reaches the anode.
Conservation of energy implies that
m  vB2  v2  vr2   eV  m  vB2  v 2 
1 1
2 2
giving v  vr2  v2  2eV / m .
Evaluating the constant C in (3) at both cylinder surfaces for the critical situation we
have
1 1
mv a  eBc a 2  mvb  eBcb 2
2 2
Insertion of the value (6) for the velocity v yields the critical field.
2m(vb  v a) 2mb  2 2 2eV v a 
Bc    vr  v   .
e(b  a )
2 2
e(b2  a 2 )  m b 

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Mock Test-INPhO-Physics 1

PHYSICS (HINTS & SOLUTIONS)

(c) Now linearizing Voutput using (b), we get

(b) (a) r  a : Using Ampere’s law

By squaring we obtain a  R  b  2bR  R

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