Quarter 1 - Module 4 Summary - a function/category of emphasis marker which
h indicates conclusion, emphasize the existing truth, verify
EXPLORING THE POWER
OF PERSUASION
I. Introduction
Hello, Grade 8 Learner! Welcome to Module 4!
This is the second to the last two modules of your journey in
understanding
African literature as a means of capturing the nuances of
the human experience that well from the vast wealth of
wisdom and culture in these countries.
Through this module, you will be able to develop your
skill in using emphasis markers for persuasive purposes.
There will be a series of reading and writing activities
which will enable you to write your own persuasive essay. Like
the previous ones, this module is also packed with a lot of fun
activities, and we encourage you to continue working through
each one of them.
II. Objective
In charting the course of your journey in this module,
you are expected to:
 Use emphasis markers for persuasive purposes.
III. Vocabulary List
To serve as your guidepost, the following key words and
phrases that you will encounter as you wander through this
module are defined:
Persuasive Writing - a form of nonfiction writing that intends
to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do
an action
Emphasis Markers - a word or expressions that emphasize a
point according to their functions
Reduction - a function/category of emphasis marker which
denote an illogical fact that either supports or changes an idea
Reinforcement - a function/category of emphasis marker which
used to clarify/illustrate an idea
Concession - a function/category of emphasis marker used to
change the perspective of previous idea, add information, add
an idea or surprising information.
Addition - a function/category of emphasis marker which
supplements the ideas to make an argument more convincing
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previous idea or expound further.
Contrast - a function/category of emphasis marker which
expresses opposition or replace a previous idea.
Cause and Effect - a function/category of emphasis marker which
shows relationship between the reason and outcome.
Sequence - a function/category of emphasis marker used to
arrange ideas in chronological manner
IV. Pre - Test
Read and comprehend the following quotes from the
speeches of different African leaders then decide which
emphasis marker should be used to complete the sentence.
Choose from the emphasis markers in the box. Write
the syllable that corresponds to the correct answer in the
space provided.
(zi) despite (kub) therefore
(ka) because (wa) however
1. “All this I know and know to be true _________ I am
an African! Becuase of that, I am also able
to state this fundamental truth that I am
born of a people who are heroes and
heroines, of a people who would not
tolerate oppression. “
(Taken from Thabo Mbeki’s “I am anAfrican”,1996)
2. “________ these challenging
conditions, we have managed working
together – to achieve progress in
improving the lives of our people
...unity will take asfar.”
(Taken from Cyril Ramaphosa’s SONA, 2018)
A
3. “Unity will not make us rich, but it can
make it difficult for Africa and the African
peoples to be disregarded and
humiliated. And it will, __________ ,
increase the effectiveness of the
decisions we make and try to implement
for our development.”
(Taken from Julius Nyerere’s speech on African unity,
1997)
 A. Study the infographics about emphasis markers and do the
following activities.
4. A lot has been done to promote
inclusion and a non-racial society.
__________, the journey to a non-
racial society has not yet been
completed.

(Taken from Jacob Zuma’s speech)

E POWER OF

Did you know?

Swahili is an official language of

Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, and is
used as a lingua franca throughout
East Africa. In Swahili language, we
say “kazi kubwa” for “Great work!”

V. Learning Concepts
In the previous modules, you have learned about the
struggles of the Africans to gain freedom, equality and
democracy.

Did you know that persuasion played a great role in their

emancipation?

“Nelson Mandela (by name Madiba) had great powers of

persuasion.” This is the claim of Frene Ginwala in his article in
The Economic Times after expounding on his analogy that India
has managed to cope after the Mahatma so will South Africa
after Madiba.

Mandela's legacy is peace in South Africa for the last

twenty years, hope for the future and dignity for himself, his
people, his country, and his continent. Without his amazing
personal leadership and ability to inspire people to forgive and
reconcile, there would have been a very different outcome, and
no matter who leads his country in the future, they will always
have to live in his moral shadow.

Module 3 helped you understand how to use modals

appropriately. Modals, like modals of suggestion can help you
in persuasive writing. Hence, there are other words which
function as a highlighter of your thoughts in a sentence. We call
them EMPHASIS MARKERS.

Are you done? Were you able to distinguish the eight

categories of emphasis markers ? That is right!

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 There are different categories of emphasis markers and
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each one of them has different function and usage.

Now, It’s time for you create your own mind map about
emphasis markers! Using a mind map, list down the key
concepts you understood from the infographics. What are B. Emphasis markers can be used for persuasive purposes.
emphasis markers and its different functions?
The table shows how you can use different emphasis
You are free to be creative in doing your personal mind markers in your persuasive writing.
map - add colors, drawings and symbols.
EMPHASIS EXAMPLES Teacher says…
MARKERS
contrary, however,
notwithstanding When you use emphasis
When you are hanging markers to highlight
To show out with your friends and contrasting ideas in your
contrast it becomes so silent, you persuasive essay, you
between may feel awkward. can easily help your
bias However, there is no readers compare things.
need to feel uneasy Thus, it becomes easier
during a period of silence for you to convince them.
in Africa because in their
culture, when there is
nothing to be said,
silence is perfectly fine.
Furthermore, besides, To make an essay or
moreover speech more persuasive,
To add With future-time a little you need to provide
previous less important, current evidences that would
point time is of extremevalue. support your stand. You
in the Moreover, meeting can use words like
essay people and spending furthermore and moreover
(Generated using https://app.wisemapping.com ) time with others top to emphasize as previous
develop lasting statement.
(You can do this in a separate sheet of paper. You may relationships is an aspect
also use mind mapping tools like wisemapping.) of African culture that is
truly cherished.
You did it! You were already able to see the inter Likewise, similarly, Consider various ways to
connectedness of knowledge bits about the different categories To show in like fashion make your argument, you
Similarity Pointing at something or can always use contrast
of emphasis markers.
or someone with the index or provide examples and
compariso finger is usually illuatration and
This will help you achieve your goal and recall better as
n between considered rude or comparison
we continue our journey together! offensive. Likewise, is
ideas
not something you want
to do.
To For instance, You can never go wrong
Did you know? illustrate a for example, with emphasizing a
point or to illustrate particular point to
provide persuade your readers.
Mind mapping converts a long list of examples Use words
information into a colorful, memorable and To Indeed, Above all, truly absolutely,
highly organized diagram that works in line emphasize positive communication definitely and exactly to
with your brain's natural way of doing things. a point is a key African cultural highlight important points
It is a creative and logical means of note value in your writing
taking that "maps out" your ideas in free-
form.

PRACTICE TASKS
TASK 1
Directions: Read the following excerpt from Nelson
Mandela’s Speech, “I am Prepared to Die.” Look for the
different emphasis markers used in the text and identify the
category/use of the emphasis markers. The first one is done for
you!
I am Prepared to Die
An Excerpt
Firstly, we believed that as a result of
Government policy, violence by the African
people had become inevitable, and that
unless responsible leadership was given to
canalise and control the feelings of our Nelson Mandela in
people, there would be outbreaks of Johannesburg, on
June 2, 2009.
terrorism which would produce an intensity
of bitterness and hostility between the various races of the
country which is not produced even by war.
Secondly, we felt that without sabotage there would be
no way open to the African people to succeed in their struggle
against the principle of whitesupremacy. All lawful modes of
expressing opposition to this principle had been closed by
legislation, and we were placed in a position in which we had
either to accept a permanent state of inferiority, or to defy the
Government. We chose to defy the Government.
My Lord, I would like now to deal with the immediate
causes. In 1960 the government held a referendum which led
to the establishment of the Republic. Africans, who constituted
approximately 70 per cent of the population of South Africa,
were not entitled to vote, and were not even consulted about
the proposed constitutional change. All of us were
apprehensive of our future under the proposed white republic.
We had no doubt that we had to continue the fight.
Anything else would have been abject surrender. Our problem,
My Lord, was not whether to fight, but was how to continue
the fight. We of the ANC had always stood for a non-racial
democracy, and we shrank from any action which might drive
the races further apart than they already were. But the hard
facts were that fifty years of non-violence had brought the
African people nothing but more and more repressive
legislation, and fewer and fewer rights. The Government often
answers its critics by saying that Africans in South Africa are
economically better off than the inhabitants of the other
countries in Africa.
Our complaint is not that we are poor by comparison
with people in other countries, but that we are poor by
comparison with white people in our own country, and that we
are prevented by legislation from altering this imbalance.
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The lack of human dignity experienced by Africans is the
direct result of the policy of white supremacy. White supremacy
implies black inferiority.
We want a just share in the whole of South Africa; we want
security and a stake in society. Above all, My Lord, we want equal
political rights, because without them our disabilities will be
permanent. I know this sounds revolutionary to the whites in this
country, because the majority of voters will be Africans. This
makes the white man fear democracy.
During my lifetime I have dedicated my life to this struggle
of the African people. I have fought against white domination,
and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the
ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live
together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal
for which I hope to live for and to see realised. But, My Lord, if it
needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.
Nelson Mandela’s “I am Prepared to Die”
Emphasis markers Categories/Functions
Firstly Sequence
Emp
hasis Markers
TASK 2
As you continue your journey through the African
literature, you continue to learn and get rooted even better in
your quest as an individual. As Caroline Paul said, “Every quest is a
journey, every journey a story. Every story, in turn, has a moral.”
Your next task gives you an opportunity to understand
better why Nelson Mandela was compared to Mahatma Gandhi
by Ginwali.
Read another excerpt from Mandela’s speech, “The
Rainbow Nation” and underline the emphasis markers used. An
example is provided for you!
Democracy is based on the majority principle. This is
especially true in a country such as ours where the vast majority
have been systematically denied their rights. At the same time,
democracy also requires that the rights of political and other
minorities be safeguarded.
The task at hand on will not be easy. But you have
mandated us to change South Africa from a country in which the
majority lived with little hope, to one in which they can live and
work with dignity, with a sense of self-esteem and confidence capitalization/usage/punctuation/spelling (CUPS) (15%), and
in creativity (20%). this task.

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the future. The cornerstone of building a better life of

opportunity, freedom and prosperity is the Reconstruction
and Development Programme. This needs unity of purpose.
It needs in action. It requires us all to work together to bring an
end to division, an end to suspicion and build a nation united in
our diversity

The people of South Africa have spoken in these

elections. They want change! And change is what they will get.
Our plan is to create jobs, promote peace and reconciliation,
and to guarantee freedom for all South Africans. We will tackle
the widespread poverty so pervasive among the majority of our
people. By encouraging investors and the democratic state to
support job creating projects in which manufacturing will play a
central role we will try to change our country from a net
exporter of raw material to one that exports finished products
through beneficiation

The government will devise policies that encourage and

reward productive enterprise among the disadvantaged
communities - African, Coloured and Indian. By easing credit
conditions we can assist them to make inroads into the
productive and manufacturing spheres and breakout of the
small scale distribution to which they are presently confined.
While we are and shall remain fully committed to the spirit of a
government of national unity, we are determined to initiate
and bring about the change that our mandate from the people
demands.

We place our vision of a new constitutional order for

South Africa on the table not as conquerors, prescribing to the
conquered. We speak as fellow citizens to heal the wounds of
the past with the intent of constructing a new order based on
justice for all. This is the challenge that faces all South Africans
today, and it is one to which I am certain we will all rise.

After reading the text, we hope you were able to understand

Nelson Mandela’s stand on the importance of unity.

TASK 3
This time, you will be given a chance to create your own
comics to convince your friends to believe your realizations
about Mandela’s life. In the dialogue boxes, write the things
that you will say to your friend to convince him/her to believe
what you learned by studying Mandela. You must use at least
10 emphasis markers.

We’re excited to read your persuasive comics! Take note

that your output will be rated based on your use of emphasis
markers (25%), content (25%) , organization (15%), this task.

TASK 4
Like Mandela, African American civil rights leader Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his
nonviolent resistance to racial prejudice in
America. He was the youngest person ever to receive
the award as the Georgia-born minister when he was 35 years
old. With the uncertainties that we face amidst this COVID-19
pandemic, it is noteworthy to share with you this quotation
from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:
Were you able to understand this wonderful message?
Write your realization based on this #relateable quote.
Pay it forward!
Write a statement to convince others that faith is truly
essential during this time of pandemic crisis. Do not forget to
use emphasis markers (10 points).
___________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
__________________________
Wonderful output! Here is your score:
Good things are meant to be shared.
You can now show your output to your family or to your
friends.
You may even want to post it on your social media
account.
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TASK 5
"Sometimes it falls upon a generation to be great.
You be that great generation. Let your greatness blossom.” –
Nelson Mandela
Take it from Mandela and let the greatness in you
blossom!
You may use the OREO method in writing your persuasive
essay. Check this out:
We believe you are now prepared to create your own
persuasive essay! The following rubrics will be used to evaluate
your output:
 sure you use examples from the text/time period/or any other
knowledge you have to make your argument persuasive.
Q

On the space provided, write a persuasive essay to

convince youths like you to continue to dream despite the
adversity we are facing today. (please use a separate paper gor
this writing activity.

__________________________________

_____________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_____

VII. Post Test

Congratulations! You were able to handle the tasks

presented like the brave and resilient African leaders!

This time, let us check on your knowledge and skill in

using emphasis markers for persuasive purposes.

Imagine that you are part of the SSG Council in your

school. You are asked to prepare an explanation of why
students should observe strict compliance to health protocols
to contain the spread of COVID-19.

You will write an article, letter, or essay to your fellow

students to convince them to follow protocols for safety. Make
Optional Task
We know you enjoyed journeying with our African Nobel Peace
Prize winners. After walking around the realms of African
culture and literature, you probably felt a gush of Inspiration
and admiration as how these notable personalities strived for
their advocacies.
You can continue in making a difference!
Create a blogpost to convince other youths to join your
advocacy. Use different emphasis markers to make your
blogpost more persuasive. (Use folder/cardboard to create a
blogpost.)
VIII. Assignment
Use your learning to influence others!
After writing a persuasive piece addressed to your
schoolmates as to why they should observe strict compliance
to health protocols to contain the spread of COVID-19, we
believe its time for you to reach out to more youths!
A TED talk is a video created from a presentation at the
main TED (technology, entertainment, design) conference or
one of its many satellite events around the world.
TED talks are limited to a maximum length of 18 minutes
but may be on any topic. With the advent of high technology,
many individuals started filming their own version of TED talks
to share their knowledge and standpoint on different topics.
Now, it is your time to turn your output in the Post Test
to a TED talk video.
GRASPS : PERFORMANCE TASK CREATING A TED
TALK VIDEO
Goal: To create a TED talk video
Role: TED talk Speaker
Situation: You created a persuasive piece
which went viral in the internet.
Now, you are asked to prepare TED
Talk video on why students should observe
strict compliance to health protocols to
contain the spread of COVID-19.
Product/ You will create a TED Talk video to
Performan convince youths to follow protocols for
ce: safety.
Standards/ Your work will be judged according the
Criteria: attached using the criteria below.
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING TEDTALK VIDEO
Content 25%
Use of Emphasis Markers 25%
Organization 25%
Presentation 25%
TOTAL 100%
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Additional Activity
“A good head and good heart are
always a formidable combination. But when
you add to that a literate tongue or pen,
then you have something very special.”
-Nelson Mandela
In my journey through this lesson,
I learned that:
________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________
______
I realized that:
________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______
I, therefore, commit to:
________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________
______
It was great to be with you in this journey. In this module,
you learned how to use emphasis markers for persuasive
purposes by exploring the culture and literature of Africa.
We hope that you will continue using and sharing the skills
you developed through this module with your peers!
 Good luck on this wonderful and continuous journey of
learning language and literature!

References:
Aguirre.R. (2020) Emphasis Markers. CourseHero.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/23741408/EMPHASIS-MARKERS/
Thabo Mbeki Foundation. (2016). I am an
Afriacan.https://www.mbeki.org/2016/06/01/i-am-an-african-speech-by
president-thabo-mbeki-8-may-1996/
Tan, N. (August 22, 2013) Afrio-Asian Literature.
https://www.slideshare.net/knowellton/klesson-4
https://www.teachstarter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/preview-
28203-37623-0- landscape-1200x628.png

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/403846291567317447/
IMAGES Mindmapping. (2020). What is a Mind map?
https://www.mindmapping.com/mind
map.php
https://app.wisemapping.com
Enriquez, C. (March 1, 2018). Emphasis
Markers.https://www.scribd.com/document/372676413/Emphasis-Markers
https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/translate/swahili-english/kazi_kubwa
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Swahili-language