Experiment No #02

To Verify that the centripetal force is directly proportional to following:

i. Mass of rotating body (m) F ∝ m

ii. Square of rotational speed (n) F ∝ n
iii. Radius of Gyration (r) F ∝ r

Apparatus:

 Centrifugal force apparatus

Theory:
Centripital Force :

The force which keeps the body moving in the circle.

m v2
centripital force=
r

∆v s
=
v r

Put s=vt above equation:

∆ v vt
=
v r

∆ v v2
=
t r
2
v
a=
r
 Centripetal Force

v2
Puta= in above equation:
r

F=ma

( )
2
v
F=m
r
2
mv
F=
r

V =rω

mr 2 ω2
F=
r
2
F=mr ω

Centrifugal Force:

According to Newton’s 3rd law of motion, there exists a reaction to the centripetal
force. Centripetal Reaction that pulls the string outward is sometimes called Centrifugal force.

Centrifugal Force

Centrifugal Force Apparatus:

 Centrifugal Force Appratus

F∝m

Prove that relation F ∝ m

F=mr ω2

Taking ω & r constant we get,

F∝m

Procedure:

1. Set apparatus.
2. Keep the radius of gyration (r) & speed (n) constant.
3. Take the mass 0.1Kg.
4. Note the error in apparatus.
5. When apparatus is stabilize note the value of force (N).
6. Increase the mass by 0.1Kg & repeat the above procedure.

Observation & Calculations:

While r=0.15m

ω=200 rpm
 Sr. Mass Speed Radius of Force
No. (Kg) (rpm) Gyration (m) (N)

Graph:
Our result is a straight line which proves F ∝ m

Graph between "Mass & Force"

25

20 21

15 14
Force (N)

10
7
5

0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Mass (Kg)

2
F∝n

Prove that F ∝ n2

2
F=mr ω

Taking m & r constant

2
F∝ω

2π
∴ ω= n
60

ω=n

Put ω=n in above equation.

2
F∝n
Procedure:
1. Set apparatus.
2. Keep the radius of gyration (r) & mass (m) constant.
3. Take the mass 0.2Kg.
4. Take the speed 100 rpm.
5. Note the error in apparatus.
6. When apparatus is stabilize note the value of force (N).
7. Increase the speed by 50rpm& repeat the above procedure.

Observation & Calculations:

While mass = m = 0.2 Kg

Radius of gyration = r = 0.15m

Sr. Mass Speed Radius of Force

No. (Kg) (rpm) Gyration (m) (N)

Graph:

Graph between "Speed & Force"

9
8 7.8
7
6 5.85
Force (N)

5
4 3.9
3
2
1
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Speed (rpm)

Prove that F ∝ r

F=mr ω2
 F∝r

Procedure:

1. Set apparatus.
2. Keep the speed(n) & mass (m) constant.
3. Take the mass 0.15m.
4. Note the error in apparatus.
5. When apparatus is stabilize note the value of force (N).
6. Increase the radius by 0.01m & repeat the above procedure.

Observation & Calculations:

While mass = m = 0.2 Kg

Speed = ω = 200 rpm

Sr. Mass Speed Radius of Force

No. (Kg) (rpm) Gyration (m) (N)

Graph:
 Graph between "Radius of Gyration &
Force"
30
23.88
25
Force (N) 20 20.7 22.29
15
10
5
0 0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Radius of Gyration (m)

Result:
Our experiment proves that there is directly proportional to following these:

I. Mass
II. Speed
III. Radius of gyration

Comments:

The result varies from analytical values due to these reasons.

 Human Negligence
 Air Friction
 Instrumental error