SCIENCE REVIEWER -LASIK or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis surgery

Uses of Electromagnetic is a special laser is used to reshape the eye’s cornea for
correcting the primary types of eye refractive error, such
Waves in Nature as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness)
and astigmatism.
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants and other
organisms, such as algae, use electromagnetic waves in Visible Light and Night Vision
the form of light as an energy source for food production. Night vision systems work by using infrared radiation as
-The step in photosynthesis that require sunlight are known an additional input to visible light in producing images.
as light-dependent reactions. This reactions occur in the Infrared emissions are associated with warm surface, or
thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. those with a higher relative temperature compared with
the environment. CCTV cameras can be equipped with
Electromagnetic emission in the form of light is also present night vision apparatus.
The emitted light is usually a product of a series of chemical
reactions in a general process known as X-ray Techniques
Chemiluminescence. X-rays are commonly used for medical imaging. They can
be used to take an image of the bones because the calcium
Bioluminescence is used by organisms for different in the bones tends to absorb X-rays while several other
purposes, some of which are for camouflage, illumination, tissues, such as those of skin, muscles, and digestive tract
defense, luring, sexual attraction, etc. are transparent to them.
-Bioluminescence is used by organisms for different The white regions of an X-ray plate are regions where the
purposes, some of which are for camouflage, illumination, X-rays did not pass through.
defense, luring, sexual attraction, etc. -Opaque materials are those that absorb (or reflect)
electromagnetic waves. In ports, airports, and other
Technological Applications of establishments that require high security, X-ray scanners
Electromagnetic Waves are used to detect what is inside luggage and boxes that
enter these establishments.
LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATIONS, such as those
UV Radiation
using radios, televisions, tracking devices, satellites, and
UV radiation can make some difficult-to-see substances
space probes,rely on transmission and reception of electromagnetic
more visible through fluorescence.s
waves such as radio waves and microwaves.
Fluorescence is a phenomenon where substances absorb
-Radio communications work by systematically adjusting
UV radiation and emit visible light. Chemicals that are
the amplitude or frequency.
capable of fluorescence are added to paper money, usually
- AM radio signals have a bigger reach compared to FM radio signal
as ink with a certain pattern. This is why UV radiation can
However, it is harder to eliminate interference
be used to detect counterfeit money.
on AM thus music is normally transmitted using FM. AM is
Ultraviolet waves contribute to the production of free
used for voice communications and broadcasts.
radicals that can also damage DNA. Thus, UV radiation is
Microwaves are also used in long distance communication for systems
used to purify the air by destroying the DNA of airborne
such as the Global Positioning System (GPS)
microorganisms.
for navigation and mapping.
A reaction with an inert catalyst can also make UV
radiation useful in dealing with pollutants.
SHORT DISTANCE COMMUNICATIONS
Wireless communications over short distances also
High energy electromagnetic radiations are used in
require the use of electromagnetic waves. However, most
sterilization of food and equipment. Ultraviolet lamps are
of these applications require higher-energy
used in sterilising work surfaces, such as those in
electromagnetic wave such as microwave and infrared
laboratories and hospitals. It is also used as pasteurization
Rays.
agent to treat fruit juices and other food products.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) uses microwaves to enable
communications between the Wireless Access Point or WAP (the
GAMMA RAY
device that serves as hub or center of LAN), and the terminals
Gamma rays are used in a new form of medical procedure
(computers, laptops, mobile devices connected to LAN).
called gamma-knife surgery; multiple beams of gamma rays
Remote controls, such as those used in operating televisions, air
are focused on a tumor to kill the cancerous cells. The beams
conditioners, and other appliances, use infrared signals to operate
are aimed at different angles to maximize the targeting of
Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
cancer cells while minimizing the damage to healthy tissues.
Radiation.
A laser device is made of a tube with mirrors on both ends and a
material that can be stimulated to produce light.
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT (week 3)
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What is light? LIGHT AND REFRACTION

It is a small part of the EM spectrum, but it is the one we Refraction occurs as light passes from one
are most familiar with. medium to another only when there is a
difference in the index of refraction between
How fast does light travel? the two materials.
-The speed of light! This is 300,000km/s in space, or -Light slows down as it goes from space to air.
197,000km/s in glass. It slows down even more in water and glass.

What happens when light strikes an object?

absorbed: transferred to the object (mainly as heat)

reflected: it bounces off (such as with a mirror)
transmitted: goes through (such as with glass

Objects are classified by what they do to light: DISPERSION OF LIGHT

The separation of visible light into its different colors
opaque: Does not allow light to pass through. All Is known as dispersion
light is either absorbed or reflected.
translucent: Can be seen through, but not clearly.
Allows some light to go through, but some is also
absorbed or reflected.(such as waxed paper)
transparent: Allows almost all light to go through,
So can be seen through clearly. (such as window glass)

WHITE LIGHT
White light is made up of all the colors of DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
the rainbow. Bending of light near the edges of an obstacle or slit
A prism splits the light intoits component colors. and spreading into the region of geometrical shadow is
Known as diffraction of light.
How do we see colors?
-We see the color of light being REFLECTED from
an object.

-For example, a blue object reflects blue light

and absorbs all others. A black object absorbs
all colors of light and doesn’t reflect any.
A white object reflects all light and absorbs none.

LIGHT AND REFLECTION

Two types of reflection are:

Regular: When an object surface is smooth, and you

see an image. Example: a plane (flat) mirror
Diffuse: When a rough surface scatters light in many
directions, and no image appears. Example: paper is
rough enough to scatter light so there is no image.