19ARE332T UNIVERSAL DESIGN

UNIT 02

PRESENTED BY:AR.K.KALAIMATHY, Assistant Professor, SAID

SYLLABUS

MODULE 2
Introduction to Construction and Maintenance Standards
Study of special needs for the persons with disabilities
Review the standards of Non- Ambulatory Disabilities
Review the standards of Semi- Ambulatory Disabilities
Review the standards of Sight- Disabilities
Review the standards of Hearing Disabilities
Study of Classification Of Buildings
Review the minimum access provisions required in various types of buildings
Study the space allowances- Minimum access provisions and general allowances
Review the space allowances of clear or ground space for wheel chairs
Review the space allowances for Physical parameters and protruding objects
Review the space allowance for Ground and Floor surfaces
Study the barrier free design elements within building premises
Study of Site planning, Parking
Study of the approach to plinth levels, corridors, entrance and exit
Study of windows, stairways, lifts and toilets
Study of Signage , guiding and warning systems
Study of other facilities: Counter; Water Fountain, Telephone, Mail Box, Vending Machine
 TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
CATEGORY I - Residential Category CATEGORY 5 RECREATIONAL
CATEGORY 2- Commercial Category Playground/stadium/sports complex
CATEGORY 3- Manufacturing Category Parks & Gardens-Public open spaces
CATEGORY 4- Public and Semipublic Category Special recreational zone-restricted openspaces
CATEGORY 5- Recreational Category Multi open-space (Maidan)
CATEGORY 6- Transportation & Communication Category CATEGORY 6 TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION
CATEGORY 7- Agriculture & Water Bodies Category Roads
CATEGORY 8- Special Area Railways
CATEGORY 1 RESIDENTIAL Airports
Primary Residential Zone Seaports and Dockyards
Mixed Residential Zone Bus Depots/Truck Terminals &
Unplanned Informal Residential Zone Freight complex
CATEGORY 2 COMMERCIAL Transportation and Communication
Retail Shopping Zone CATEGORY 7 AGRICULTURE & WATER BODIES
General Business & Commercial Agriculture
District Centres Forest
Wholesale, Godowns, Warehousing/Regulated Markets. Poultry and Dairy Farming
CATEGORY 3 MANUFACTURING Rural Settlements
Service and Light Industry Brick Kiln and Extractive Areas
Extensive and Heavy Industry Water Bodies
Special Industrial Zone, Hazardus, Noxius, and chemical. CATEGORY 8 SPECIAL AREA
CATEGORY 4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC Old Built up (core) Area
Govt/Semi Govt/Public Offices Heritage and Conservation Area
Education and Research, Medical and Health Scenic Value Areas
Social Cultural and Religious Village Settlement
Utilities and Services Other uses
Cremation and Burial Grounds

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 MINIMUM ACCESS PROVISIONS REQUIRED IN VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS

TYPE OF BUILDING MNIMUM PROVISIONS

Single detached, single dwelling units. A minimum of 2 per cent of the total number of units to be constructed with barrier-free
features. (Adoptable Units)
Staff housing, multiple dwelling and high A minimum of 1 unit for every 25, plus 1 additional unit for every 100 units thereafter.
rise residential units and tenements Entrances and exits to be accessible.
* Tenement houses, row houses, A minimum of 1 unit for up to 150 units, and a minimum of 1 additional unit for every 100 units
apartments and town houses thereafter to be accessible.
Post offices, banks and financial service A minimum of 1 lowered service counter on the premises.
institutions
Shop houses and single-storey shops A minimum of 1 lowered automatic teller machine (ATM) / cash disbursement point on the
premises. Stamp vending machine.
Accessible shopping area.
Entrances and exits and main area of worship to be accessible.
Places of worship Mosques: access to area for ablutions; Churches: access to confessionals, fonts and
chapels; Temples: access to shrines and courtyards.
Community centers, village halls, Accessible entrances, exists, aisles and main community or public gathering area
Accessible entrances, exists, aisles Accessible toilet facilities should be nearby., Seating for persons with disabilities to be
auditoria, concert halls, assembly halls, accessible from main entrances and lobbies. Various seating/viewing choice to be provided
and main community or public cinemas, for persons in wheelchairs throughout the main seating area. A minimum of 2 wheelchair
theatres and other places gathering spaces for seating capacity up to 100 seats. A minimum of 4 wheelchair spaces for seating
areas. of public assembly. capacity from over 100 to 400 seats.
Food centers A minimum of 1 table without stools or seats attached to the floor for every 10 tables.
A minimum of 2 tables without stools or seats attached. to the floor for the whole premises.
Accessible entrance

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 GENERAL ALLOWANCES

Wheelchair Passage Width Width for Passing Wheelchairs

The minimum clear passage width for a single wheelchair is 900 mm
continuously. (fig.23). An accessible route should be 1200 mm wide to
allow both a wheelchair and a walking person except where extra
space is required at the doorways.
The minimum passage width for two wheelchairs to pass side by
side is 1500 mm. (fig.24 ). In case of continuous stretch of corridor,
the preferable width is 1800 mm.
Wheelchair Turning Space

The minimum space required for a wheelchair to make a 180

degree turn is a clear space of 1500 mm diameter or a T-shaped
space 900 mm. wide. (fig. 25)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES OF CLEAR OR GROUND SPACE FOR WHEEL CHAIRS

CLEAR FLOOR OR GROUND SPACE FOR WHEELCHAIRS

The minimum clear floor or ground space required to accommodate a

single, stationary wheelchair and occupant is 900 mm x 1200 mm.
(fig.26) An allocation of 1200 mm x 1200 mm would facilitate both
forward and side approaches.
The clear floor or ground space for wheelchair access may be
positioned for perpendicular or parallel approach to an object. (fig .26)
This clear floor or ground space may be part of the knee space required
under some objects such as tables, basins or platforms.

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

All areas of newly designed or newly constructed buildings and facilities

(walks, halls, corridors, aisles, skywalks, tunnels, and other spaces) required to
be accessible by general public shall be made barrier-free.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES OF CLEAR OR GROUND SPACE FOR WHEEL CHAIRS

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES -All areas of newly designed or newly constructed buildings and facilities (walks, halls, corridors, aisles, skywalks,
tunnels, and other spaces) required to be accessible by general public shall be made barrier-free. -Detectable warnings required shall
comply with Guiding Block Requirements

Location

• At least one accessible route complying with type of building and mobility requirements shall be provided within the boundary of the
site from public transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones, and public streets or sidewalks to an
accessible building entrance they serve.

• The accessible route shall, to the maximum extent feasible, coincide with the route for the general public.

• At least one accessible route shall connect accessible buildings or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and elements on the
same site.

• At least one accessible route shall connect accessible buildings or facility entrances with all accessible dwelling units within the
building or facility.

• An accessible route shall connect at least one accessible entrance of each accessible dwelling unit with those exterior and interior
spaces and facilities that serve the accessible dwelling unit.

• Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes should comply with the specifications in of wheelchair movement, have discernible
colours and non slippery materials. Demarcation can be made with textural differences too. Appropriate signage should be placed
to indicate the position of this route.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

WIDTH

The minimum clear width of an accessible route shall be 900 mm, except at doors.
(Ref. Section 06 ). -If a person in a wheelchair must make a turn around an
obstruction, the minimum clear width of the accessible route shall be 1100 mm. as
shown in fig. 27 or 900 mm as shown in fig.28.

PASSING SPACE

If an accessible route has less than 1500 mm clear width, then passing spaces, at
least 1500 x1500 mm, shall be located at intervals not to exceed 60 mts. A „T-
intersection‟ of two corridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
HEAD ROOM
Walks, halls, corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces shall have
2000 mm minimum clear head room. (fig.29 ) -If vertical clearance of an area
adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less than 2000 mm, (nominal dimension),
a barrier or signage to warn visually impaired persons shall be provided. (fig.30)

SLOPE
An accessible route with a running slope greater than 1:20 is a ramp and shall
comply with Section 4.6 -Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route
exceed 1:50.

CHANGES IN LEVELS
If an accessible route has changes in level greater than 12 mm, then a curb ramp,
ramp, elevator, or platform lift (as permitted in Section 3.1) shall be provided that
complies with Sections 4.5, 4.6, 4.8 or 4.9 respectively.

An accessible route does not include stairs, steps, or escalators.

GUIDING BLOCKS
Guiding blocks complying with Section 4.3.5 shall be provided at all crucial locations
along the accessible route.

SIGNAGE
The universal standard colour contrast code of white and blue should be followed in
all the signages and all numeric as well as alphabetical information sources. All
signages should follow Section 01 for specifications.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR - PROTRUDING OBJECTS

Objects projecting from walls (eg. telephones,

signages, and other accessories) with their
leading edges between 700 mm and 2000 mm
above the finished floor shall protrude no more
than 100 mm into walks, halls, corridors,
passageways, or aisles. (fig.29) Object which
can be sensed by the cane, mounted below
700mm, may project any amount.

Free-standing objects mounted on posts or

pylons may overhang 300 mm maximum from
700 mm to 2000 mm above the finished floor. This
projection should be reflected at the floor level
in the form of raised level or color, textural
difference so as to be detected by the white
cane. (fig.14 and 29)

Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear

width of an accessible route or manoeuvring
space. If such protruding objects are to be
placed inevitably, wing walls should be erected
in accordance with details shown in Figure. 31.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCE FOR GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES

GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES

Surface Textures

Ground and floor surfaces along accessible route and in accessible spaces,
including floors, ramps, stairs and curb ramps, should be level, stable, firm and slip-
resistant. The surface should not be excessively textured and undulating.

LEVELS

Changes in level up to 6mm. may be vertical and without edge treatment. (fig.
32(a))

Changes in level between 6mm and 12 mm shall be beveled with a slope, no

greater than 1:2. (fig.32(b))

Changes in level greater than 12 mm should be accomplished by means of a

ramp complying to design of ramp norms

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCE FOR GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES

CARPETS

If carpets or carpet-tiles are used on a ground or floor surface, then it

shall be securely attached: have a firm cushion, pad or backing and
must leave a level loop, textured loop or level cut / uncut pile
texture. (fig.32(c))

The maximum pile thickness shall be 12 mm.

The exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to floor surfaces and

should be trimmed along the entire length of the exposed edge.

GRATINGS

If gratings are located in walking surfaces, then they shall have

spaces no greater than 12 mm wide in one direction. (fig.33)

If gratings have elongated openings, then they shall be placed so

that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of
travel. (fig.34)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 REVIEW THE SPACE ALLOWANCE FOR GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES

GUIDING BLOCKS (DETECTABLE WARNINGS)

The floor material to guide or to warn the visually impaired persons with a change of colour or. material with
conspicuously different texture and easily distinguishable from the rest of the surrounding floor materials is called guiding
or warning floor material. The material with different texture gives audible signals with sensory warning when a person
moves on this surface with walking stick. The guiding/warning floor material is meant to give the directional effect or
warn a person at critical places. This floor material shall be provided in the following areas:-
a) The access path to the building and to the parking area.
b) The landing lobby towards the information board, reception, lifts, stair-cases and toilets.
c) Immediately at the beginning/end of walkway where there is a vehicular traffic.
d) At the location abruptly changing in level or begining/end of a ramp.
e) Immediately in front of an entrance/exit and the landing.

Walking Surfaces
Detectable warnings shall consist of raised truncated domes with a diameter of nominal 24 mm, a height of nominal 5
mm and a center-to-center spacing of nominal 60 mm and shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-
dark or dark-on-light. -The material used to provide contrast shall be an integral part of the walking surface. -Detectable
warnings used on interior surfaces shall differ from adjoining surfaces in resilience or sound-on-cane contact.

Vehicular Areas
If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular way, and the walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings or any other
elements between the pedestrian areas and vehicular areas, the boundary between the areas shall be defined by a
continuous detectable warning strip path which is 900 mm wide, with devices complying with Walking Surfaces section.

Reflecting Pools
The edges of reflecting pools must be protected by railings, walls, curbs or detectable warnings complying with walking
surfaces section.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STUDY OF DESIGN ELEMENTS WITHIN THE BUILDING PREMISES

1. Site Planning
• Walks and Paths
• Levels and Grooves
• Kerb Ramp
2. Parking
3. Approach to Plinth Level
• Ramped Approach
• Stepped Approach
4. Entrance
5. Landing
6. Corridor
7. Entrance/Exit
8. Door
9. Windows
10. Stair Ways
11. Lift
12. Toilet
13. Signages
14. Other Facilities
15. Counter
16. Water Fountain
17. Telephone
18. Mailbox .
19. Vending Machine

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 SITE PLANNING
To accommodate the handicapped and elderly people each building and its site should be planned and designed as an integral unit
from the very beginning of the design process.
WALKS AND PATHS
• Walks should be smooth, hard level surface suitable for walking and wheeling. Irregular surfaces as cobble stones, coarsely
exposed aggregate concrete, bricks etc. often cause bumpy rides.
• The minimum walk way width would be 1200 mm and for moderate two way traffic it should be 1650 .mm - 1800 mm.
• Longitudinal walk gradient should be 3 to 5% (30 mm - 50 mm in 1 meter)
• When walks exceed 60 Meter in length it is desirable to provide rest area adjacent to the walk at convenient intervals with space
for bench seats. For comfort the seat should be between 350 mm - 425 mm high but not over 450 mm.
• Texture change in walk ways adjacent to seating will be desirable for blind persons.
• Avoid grates and manholes in walks. If grates cannot be avoided then bearing bar should be perpendicular to the travel path
and no opening between bearing bars greater than 12 mm in width.

Fig. 13 Details of Grating

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 LEVELS AND GROOVES

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TYPICAL DETAIL OF WALKWAY

ROAD

Guiding Block

Grey Chequered
Cement Tiles

25C 1250 _125c

1750
(The Width of the Walkway can vary from 1750 to 1800 Depending on the Tile
size i.e. 250mm to 300mm.)

• Walkway should be constructed with a non-slip material & different from rest of the area.
• The walkway should not cross vehicular traffic.
• The manhole, tree or any other obstructions in the walkway should be avoided.
• Guiding block at the starting of walkway & finishing of the walkway should be provided.
• Guiding block-can be of red chequered tile, smooth rubble finish, prima regina, or any other material with a different texture
as compared to the rest of the area.
TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 1 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 PARKING
Pedestrian Pathway

Approach to parking lot

1200 2500 1200 2500 1200 2500 2300 2500 1

Parking :- For parking of vehicles of handicapped people the following provisions shall be made:

• Surface parking for two car spaces shall be provided near

entrance for the physically handicapped persons with
maximum travel distance of 30 M from building entrance.
Pedestrian pathway
• The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.60 Meter.
• The information stating that the space is reserved for wheel
chair users shall be conspicuously displayed.
• Guiding floor materials shall be provided or a device which
guides visually impaired persons with audible signals or other
devices which serves the same purpose shall be provided.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 PARKING

Requirements for Accessible Parking Spaces

• The parking spaces reserved for persons with a disability shall be located in proximity and with an accessible route to the lobby with
an accessible lift or entrance.
• The minimum width for a parking space for persons with a disability shall be 3600 mm.
• Where a common loading/unloading area is provided between two parking spaces for persons with a disability, such parking spaces
shall be not less than 3600 mm in width.
• The common loading/unloading area shall have at least 1200 mm wide and be marked with yellow hatched markings.

Marking Requirements for Accessible Parking Spaces

• The parking space shall be clearly marked with the international symbol of accessibility and the parking space number on the floor.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 PARKING

Design Considerations

• Persons with ambulant impairment who arrive as passengers should be able to alight conveniently from a vehicle close to the
principal entrance, or alternative accessible entrance, of the building.

• The parking bay surface should allow the safe transfer of a passenger or driver to a wheelchair and transfer from the parking bay to
the access route to the building without undue effort, barriers to wheelchairs or hazards from tripping.

• Where a ticket dispensing machine is installed, it should be located properly to allow wheelchair users, or persons of short stature, to
approach conveniently to the machine and perform the payment and ticket dispensing functions.

Recommended Design Requirements

• At the entrance of public parking facilities, signage should be displayed in prominent positions to indicate the designated numbers
of the parking spaces reserved for persons with a disability

• Indication / directional signage along driveway showing the way leading to the parking spaces reserved for persons with a disability
should be provided.

• In parking facilities that do not serve a particular building, accessible parking shall be located on the shortest accessible route of
travel to an accessible pedestrian entrance to the parking facility.

• In buildings with multiple accessible entrances with adjacent parking, accessible parking spaces shall be dispersed and located
closest to the accessible entrances.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 PARKING

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 RAMP- APPROACH TO PLINTH LEVEL
A ramp is a sloping walkway leading from one level to another.
Ramps of an appropriate design shall be provided at all changes in
level other than those served by an accessible lift or accessible lifting
mechanism accommodating the specific requirements of persons
with a disability.
Landing
• A clear space of not less than ramp’s width shall be provided at the
head and foot of every ramp, i.E. Door swing and alike shall not be
allowed to swing onto the landing. Running slope and length no
ramp shall be steeper than 1 in 12 gradient.
• A kerb of at least 100 mm high or a rail 200 mm above ramp level
shall be provided on both sides to prevent wheelchair from slipping
over the edge.
• No appliances, fixtures and fittings shall project beyond 90 mm from
the surface of any wall below a level of 2000 mm above the ramp
level unless they are unavoidable, in which case they shall also be
extended downwards to the ramp level or be guided by tactile
flooring materials.
• The floor and wall along ramps shall be in contrasting colors.
Design considerations
• Where there is a change in level, the provision of a ramp is an
effective method to ensure largely independent accessibility for
persons with a disability and the elderly. Interior ramp is preferred
as a means of egress to stair as it accommodates a wider range of
building user, including wheelchair user.
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 1
• The more gradual the slope of the ramp (i.e. the less steep it
is) the more easily persons can use it without assistance.
Therefore, slope with the ratio of 1:20 (5%) to 1:15 (6.7%) is
preferred. It can take much energy to get up ramp with
steep gradient, which also makes speed control difficult when
going down. Steep inclines can put a wheelchair in danger of
tipping backwards or forwards as many users cannot lean or
adjust their balance to accommodate gradient.
• A level resting space outside the swing of any door at the top
of a ramp should be provided to avoid the possibility of ‘roll-
back’ for wheelchair user when trying to open the door.
• A ramp should have handrails on both sides so that it can be
used in both directions by people with a mobility problem on
one side such as may be the case for stroke sufferers.
• A ramp that surmounts a major change in level has to be very
long, and requires multiple ramp and landing combinations.
In such circumstances, other design solutions should be
considered.
• A curved ramp is not a preferred design solution. Similarly a
cross fall can put a wheelchair user at risk and may adversely
affect steering, particularly on manually propelled chair.
TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 RAMP- APPROACH TO PLINTH LEVEL

Approach to plinth level

• Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the
handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage.
• This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with
the stepped entry.
Ramped approach
• Ramp shall be finished with non slip material to enter the building.
Minimum width or ramp shall be 1800 mm. With maximum gradient
1:12, length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0 m having double handrail
at a might of 800 and 900 mm on both sides extending 300 mm.
Beyond top and bottom of the ramp.
• Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail shall be 50
mm.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 1 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 RAMP- APPROACH TO PLINTH LEVEL

Overall view of approach

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 RAMP- APPROACH TO PLINTH LEVEL

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE LANDING

Entrance Landing :

• Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with

the minimum dimension 1800 x 2000 mm.

• The entrance landing that adjoin the top end of a slope

shall be provided with floor materials to attract the
attention of visually impaired persons (limited to coloured
floor material whose color and brightness is conspicuously
different from that of the surrounding floor material or the
material that emit different sound to guide visually
impaired persons hereinafter referred to as “guiding floor
material” (Annexure - I).

• Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture

traversable by a wheel chair. Curbs wherever provided
should blend to a common level.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 CORRIDORS Corridor connecting the
entrance/exit for the handicapped

The corridor connecting the

entrance/exit for handicapped
leading directly outdoors to a place
where information concerning the
overall use of the specified building
can be provided to visually impaired
persons either by a person or by
signs, shall be provided as follows:

a) „Guiding floor materials‟ shall be

provided or devices that emit
sound to guide visually impaired
persons.
b) The minimum width shall be 1500
mm.
c) In case there is a difference of
level slope ways shall be provided
with a slope of 1:12.
d) Hand rails shall be provided for
ramps/slope ways.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 CORRIDORS
Headroom

Where the headroom is 2000 mm or

less from the finished floor level, a
warning guardrail or other barrier
shall be provided for detection,
having its leading edge at or below
680 mm above the finished floor level
(see Figure 19).

Luminous Contrast

A minimum luminous contrast of 30%

should clearly define between wall,
floor and door surfaces.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 CORRIDORS

Protruding objects, such as directional signs, tree branches, wires, guy ropes,
public telephone booths, benches and ornamental fixtures should be installed
with consideration of the range of a visually impaired person‟s cane.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR

Exit/Entrance Door :- Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and it shall not be provided with
a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be raised more than 12 mm.

Unobstructed Area
The unobstructed area adjacent to the door handle on the leading face of a single door shall not be less than 330
mm in width.
Door, if less than 330 mm from the corner of a room, shall swing from the side nearer to hat corner.

Double-action Self-closing Doors

Double-action self-closing door shall have a check mechanism to prevent the door swinging beyond the closed
position and a transparent vision-panel with a bottom edge not more than 1000 mm above the floor and the top
edge not less than 1500 mm above the finished floor level.

Handles
Door handle shall not be less than 950 mm and not more than 1050 mm above the finished floor level, measured from
the top surface of the grip.

Door Thresholds
Door threshold shall not exceed 20 mm in height and shall be beveled to facilitate passage of wheelchairs.

Door Closing Devices

Door closing devices shall be designed to allow exterior and interior doors to be opened with horizontal force of not
more than 30 N and 22 N respectively. Door required to have fire resistance period installed along accessible routes
shall be opened with horizontal force of not more than 30 N. Closer for interior door shall have a closing period of at
least 3 seconds measured from an open position of 70° to a point 75 mm from the closed position measured from the
leading edge of the door. Door closing devices include door closer, spring hinge and floor hinge.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR

Frameless Glass Doors

• If frameless glass door is used, it shall be prominently marked so as to make it visible. The marking shall be placed across on the glass
door such that at least a portion of the marking is placed between 900 mm and 1500 mm above the finished floor. The colour marking
shall also be provided to glass panel adjacent to the glass door.

Automatic Main Entrance Doors

• Automatic door shall be provided to one of the main entrances, which is commonly used by the public, of sports stadium, town hall,
civic centre, theatre, museum, public library, shopping complex, sports complex, public swimming pool complex, office building, hotel
and hospital.

Design Considerations
• Door may be manually operated without powered assistance, or power operated under manual or automatic control. An
automatically operated sliding door is a preferred solution for most people as it avoids the risks associated with automatic swing door
and its use can make it possible to reduce the length of entrance lobbies.
• A door fitted with a self-closing device to stand against wind force is difficult to be openable by many people, particularly those who
are wheelchair users or who have limited strength. Where closing devices are needed for fire control, the use of electrically powered
hold open devices or swing-free closing devices is appropriate.
• All doors should be wide enough to allow unrestricted passage for different users, including wheelchair users, people carrying luggage
and parents with baby carriages and small children.
• Sufficient space alongside the leading edge of a door should be provided to enable a wheelchair user to reach and grip the door
handle, then open the door without releasing hold on the handle and without the wheelchair footrest colliding with the return wall.
• The presence of door, whether opened or closed, should be apparent to persons with visual impairment through the careful choice of
colour and materials for the door and its surroundings. Provision of marking on glass doors would help persons with visual impairment to
distinguish obstacles and passage as well as for public to avoid collision.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR

External Doors
External door should be single-action and open outwards to obviate high tension in spring closers in sustaining wind pressure.

Latched Doors
Where door is latched, lever-type handle should be used.

Kick-plates
All doors which allow the passage of wheelchairs should have kick-plates of not less than 200 mm high fitted on the face which swings
away.

Automatic Door Openers

Automatic door opener should be provided on the main entrance door of buildings and should:-
• Remain open for a minimum of 5 seconds;
• Have a guardrail where it opens into a route of travel.
• Have a sign showing automatic door.
• Be located outside of the door swing.
• Sliding automatic door with overhead sensor operating device or manual Large button control should be provided.

Vision Panels
• Transparent vision-panel should be provided to door in between accessible path. The visionpanel should be installed with bottom edge
not more than 1000 mm and top edge not less than 1500 mm above the finished floor level.
• Glass Doors The leading edge of glass door should be marked to indicate glass.
Luminous Contrast
• Door handle of manually operated doors and control switch or button of door with powered open devices should have a minimum
luminous contrast of 30% with the background finishes.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 WINDOWS
A window should have handles/controls at a height that permits use from wheelchairs.
A window should have an unobstructed viewing zone for wheelchair users.
Curtain or Venetian blind controls/ropes should be accessible for wheelchair users.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STEPS AND STAIRCASE
Steps and staircases shall be intended as an alternative to lift access in buildings and shall
be of adequate design to allow all persons, with or without a disability, to travel safely and
independently.

Dimension and Orientation

1. The required staircases and the main circulation staircase in common areas of a building
shall be constructed with treads not less than 300 mm in width (measured at the centre of
the flight) from the face of one riser to the face of the next riser and with risers not more
than 150 mm in height;
2. The risers built with vertical or receding face not more than 15 mm from the vertical,
without a projecting nosing;
3. It shall not have more than 11 steps in any flight without the introduction of a landing;
4. It shall be provided on both sides with properly fitted handrails.
5. It shall be provided with non-slip nosing in contrasting color.

Color Contrast
Treads and walls of a staircase shall be in contrasting colors.

Tactile Warning Strip

Tactile warning strips shall be provided at landings and at both the bottom and top ends of
a staircase, regardless of the number of steps it comprises. For landings leading to a floor or
those enclosed by wall, railing or balustrade, tactile warning strips of 300 mm in width shall
be provided; for those leading to an open space or the entrance / exit of a building, the
tactile warning strips shall be 600 mm in width. In this case, Braille and tactile information
signs shall be provided on the adjacent wall to indicate the presence of an opening. For a
staircase with intermediate steps between two flights, the provision of tactile warning strips
shall follow the arrangement in.
TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STEPS AND STAIRCASE
Avoidance of Projection
No appliances, fixtures or fittings shall project beyond 90 mm from the surface of any wall in a staircase below a
level of 2000 mm above the treads of the staircase unless they are unavoidable, in which case they shall also be
extended downwards to the level of the treads.

Design Considerations
1. Where steps or stairs are in an accessible route, complementary ramps, lifts or escalators should be provided.
2. All steps should be uniform.
3. Circular stair and sloped landing should be avoided.
4. It is necessary to provide safe and well dimensioned staircase for the comfort of all people, especially those with
mobility problems.
5. When ascending a stair, people who wear calipers or who have stiffness in hip or knee joints are particularly at
risk of trapping the toes of their shoes beneath projecting nosings.
6. Stair should be designed with more generous dimensions, e.g. wider tread, and shorter travel distance is
recommended. Open risers should be avoided.
7. Unawareness of steps is dangerous to persons with visual impairment. Timely tactile or audible warning of
change in level is therefore essential. Warning should be placed sufficiently in advance of any potential
dangers.
8. The provision of Braille and high luminous contrast signs is recommended. For persons with visual impairment,
high luminous contrast, larger font, more prominent and well-defined shape of sign/signage is recommended.
9. Despite the design requirements of tactile guide paths and tactile warning strips would help orientation for
persons with visual impairment; they sometimes impose hazards to people with limited mobility, children and the
elderly.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STEPS AND STAIRCASE
Recommended Design Requirements

Dimension and Orientation

1. For any internal stair with heavy circulation, riser
should be reduced to 150 mm high and tread
be increased to 300 mm wide for greater ease of
use.
2. Individual flight should not exceed 1800 mm in
height nor a total of 11 risers.
3. The top nosing of any flight should be built not
less than 300 mm from the point at which the
adjoining wall returns (see Figure 14).
4. Winder, spiral staircase and splayed step should
be avoided.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STEPS AND STAIRCASE

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STEPS AND STAIRCASE

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 LIFT
Lifts :
Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision
of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel
chair user with the following cage dimensions of lift
recommended for passenger lift of 13 persons
capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards.
Clear internal depth : llOOmm.
Clear internal width : 2000 mm.
Entrance door width : 900 mm.
a) W A hand rail not less than 600 mm. long at
800-1000 mm. above floor level shall be fixed
adjacent to the control panel.
b) The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement
of 1800 x 1800 mm. or more.
c) The time of an automatically closing door
should or minimum 5 seconds and the closing
speed should not exceed 0.25 M/ Sec.
d) The interior of the cage shall be provided with
a device that audibly indicates the floor the
cage has reached and indicates that the door
of the cage for entrance/exit is either open or
closed.
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2
Lift Doors
• Lift car doors and landing doors shall be of the horizontally sliding type, power
operated and automatically controlled.
• An audible signal shall be provided to signify the closing of the doors to alert persons.
• A detection device shall be provided to reopen the lift doors in the event of hitting
any obstacle. The detection device shall be positioned at a height of between 500
mm to 600 mm above the floor of the lift car.
Lift Control Buttons
• Essential lift control buttons including floor numbering buttons, emergency alarm push
button and door opening push button in the lift car shall not be less than 900 mm and
not more than 1200 mm above the floor of the car.
• Lift call buttons at the lift halls shall not be less than 900 mm and not more than 1200
mm above the floor of the finished floor level of the lift hall.
• Provision of secondary control panel for over-spilled floor numbering buttons is always
acceptable.
• All lift control buttons shall have a minimum dimension of 20 mm
• Braille and tactile markings shall be placed either on or to the left of the control
buttons.
• Such Braille and tactile markings shall be in Arabic numerals and/or symbols. Tactile
markings shall have a minimum dimension of 15 mm high and be raised 1 mm
minimum.
• The tactile marking of the push buttons for the main entrance floor shall be identified
with a symbol in a star shape (see
• The emergency alarm push button shall be in a tactile bell shape.
TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 LIFT

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 LIFT
Emergency Call Button in Lifts

• An emergency alarm push button

together with a buzzer, an indication
light for acknowledgement and an
intercom shall be provided in each lift
car and be connected to the building
management office or the caretaker‟s
office.
• The building Management office or the
caretaker’s office shall be equipped
with a buzzer, indication light(s) (one for
each lift) and an intercom connected to
the lift car(s).
• The indication light for
acknowledgement shall be in the form
of a blinking light adjacent to the
intercom speaker and a notice When
light blinks, it indicates your emergency
call has already Been received. Please
be patient and wait for the rescue.” In
English and Hindi shall be provided next
to the blinking light.
• This system shall be powered by an
emergency electricity supply system in
the event of power failure.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 LIFT
Design Considerations Lift Control Buttons

• Lifts can help to provide access to storey above or below the • The graphics for tactile markings for open door and close-door
main entrance level. If designed appropriately, lifts are the most push buttons, emergency alarm button, and main entrance
convenient form of vertical access for persons with a disability. level are shown in for reference.
However, given the space constraints in some buildings, it may • Call button panels should be provided at both sides of door
not always be possible to install the type and size of passenger openings.
lift that would be suitable for use by all, and other options may
need to be considered to provide for users with ambulant Keypad design
impairments. Lift controls should be installed at the position • In cases where difficulties are encountered to fully comply with
which is within reach of all users including wheelchair users. the obligatory requirements of installation of lift control buttons
• A wheelchair user needs sufficient space and time to enter and in high-rise buildings, keypad control device in conjunction with
leave a passenger lift, particularly when sharing it with other a conventional lift control panels in lifts for persons with a
people. Lift sizes should therefore be chosen to suit the Disability should be provided. Proposed standardized positions
anticipated frequency of use of the building and the needs of of buttons for keypad control device.
persons with a disability.
• Lift door systems should be designed to allow adequate time for
passage of persons with a disability and the elderly. The use of
visually and acoustically reflective wall surfaces can cause
discomfort for persons with visual and hearing impairment.
• For lifts of the size that does not allow a wheelchair user to turn
around within the lift car, mirror should be installed with the
bottom edge to be set at 900 mm above the floor level in the lift
car to facilitate a wheelchair user in reversing and to see which
level the lift has reached.
• Where planning allows, lift cars may be provided with opposing
doors to allow a wheelchair user to leave without having to
reverse.
TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA
• The washroom should have a minimum internal dimension of
1750 mm x 1500 mm. (fig.72, 75)
• Controls must be mounted between 900 mm and 1200 mm from
the finished floor level.(fig73)
• Bathing space should have minimum dimensions of 1500 mm x
750 mm for usage by all types of disabled. (fig.72, 74,75)
• Should provide 900mm horizontal grab bar and 750mm vertical
grab support at 900 mm from the finished floor level. (fig.73,74,
77)
• A shower head for the cubicle should be of the hand-held type
with allocation for fixed use. The hose must be not less than 1500
mm long. (fig.73, 74)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

• Enclosures made
for the shower
area and
bathtubs should
not interfere with
the controls and
must allow easy
transfer space for
the person on the
wheelchair.
(fig.72, 75)

• Soap dishes must

be recessed and
placed on the
same wall as the
shower head at a
height between
900 mm and 1200
SUGGESTIVE mm from the
If a seat is provided in the cubicle then it must be self- draining and be placed finished floor
on the wall nearest to the controls with a minimum dimension of 300 mm level.
extending the full width of the cubicle except the space required by the
shower curtain. It must have its top at 500 mm from the finished floor
level.(fig.75)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TOILET CUBICLES

A minimum number of toilets for the disabled must be provided according to

the user ratio. These must be equipped with the western water closet as
opposed to the Indian-style pan.
A toilet cubicle designed for a wheelchair user should be of internal dimensions
not less than 1500 mm x 1500 mm. (fig.76 ) with a clear space not less than 900
mm wide next to the water closet.(fig.80, 81, 82)

WATER CLOSET

It must be equipped with grab-bars and tap/ toilet roll dispenser mounted
below it at not more than 300 mm from the front edge of the seat and at a
height between 50 mm and 250 mm from the top of the water closet seat.
There should also be the provision of a clothes hook not more than 1300 mm
from the finished floor level and projecting not more than 40 mm from the wall.
(fig.77)
The top edge of the toilet seat should be 500 mm from the finished floor level.
(fig.77) - It must have back support in absence of seat lid or tank. (fig.77)
It must be preferably of the wall hung or corbel type. (fig.77)
Grab-bars, mounted at a height between 280 mm and 300 mm from the top
surface of the W.C. must be able to resist a load of not less than 1.3 kN applied
vertically or horizontally. (fig.77)
Must have a lever-type flush control fixed towards the wheel chair transfer side
to facilitate flushing after transfer.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

The W.C. should be located not less than 300 mm and not more than 460
mm away from the adjacent wall with a clear dimension of 750 mm from
the front edge of the W.C. to the rear wall to facilitate side transfer.
(fig.77, 79)
One grab-bar, mounted on the side wall closest to the W.C., must extend
from the rear wall to at least 450 mm in front of the W.C. seat. Another
one 750 mm long must be mounted behind the W.C. All grab bars must
be able to resist a load of not less than 1.3 kN applied vertically or
horizontally. (fig.77 , 79)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

BATHTUBS
• A bathtub may not be suitable for most disabilities. However, if
provided, then the following considerations must be
incorporated: -

• It should have a clear floor space of at least 750 mm width in

front of the bathtub. The wash basin may encroach upon this
area provided leg and knee space is available below it.(fig.
86, 87)

• A seat 250 mm wide along the entire length or one 400 mm

wide minimum along the entire width should be provided and
they are preferred on the side opposite the controls for better
accessibility. (fig.86)

• Should have grab-bars, one 1200 mm long and located

horizontally along the length of the bathtub rim 180 mm to 280
mm above it and the other at least 1200 mm long and located
vertically along the foot of the bathtub adjacent to the clear
floor space with the lower end 180 mm above the rim of the
tub.(fig.86, 87)

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

WASH BASINS

• They must be mounted such that the minimum distance

between the centerline of the fixture and the side wall is 450
mm. (fig.78)
• The top edge must be between 800 mm and 850 mm from the
finished floor level. (fig.88)
• There should be a minimum knee space of 750 mm width by
200 mm depth and 750 mm height with an additional toe
space of at least 750 mm width by 230 mm depth by 230 mm
height from the finished floor level. (fig.89, 90a)
• It must have a minimum clear floor space of 750 mm width by
1200 mm depth around it, of which a maximum of 480 mm in
depth may be under the wash basin. (fig.90b)
• The hot water and drain pipes within the knee space or toe
space must be properly insulated.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

URINALS

• They should be of the wall hung type with the rim not more than
430 mm from the floor and a clear floor space of 750 mm width
x 1200 mm depth without steps in front of it. (fig.91)

• Privacy shields should not extend beyond the urinal unless they
are at least 750 mm apart from each other.

• There should be vertical grab-bars on either side extending from

900 mm to 1500 mm above finished floor level and with a
minimum of 120 mm between the bar and the wall. (fig.91)

• The flush, if manually operated, should be located between 900

mm and 1200 mm from the finished floor level.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

WASHROOM ACCESSORIES

• The mirror must be installed in a way such that the bottom edge is at a height
not more than 1000 mm from the finished floor level at an angle of 15½ from
the vertical to facilitate wheelchair users. (fig.89)
• Towel and soap dispensers, hand dryers and waste bins must be positioned
such that the parts and controls for operation are between 900 mm and 1200
mm from the finished floor level. (fig.93)
• Accessories should be placed in close proximity to the accessible basin, to
avoid a person with wet hands having to wheel a chair. (fig.93)
• Only lever-type faucets should be used. Single lever-operated faucets/mixers
are preferred to double-levered faucets. (fig.92)
• Bathtub faucets should be located at the foot of the bathtub and not more
than 450 mm above the rim of the bathtub.
• It must require a force less than 22 N to activate.
• Grab-bars should be slip-resistant with rounded edges, preferably knurled, and
be installed at a height of 800-900 mm from the finished floor level. They must
be not less than 30 mm in dia and not more than 40 mm with a clearance not
less than 35 mm and not more than 45 mm from the wall.
• They must be able to withstand a pressure not less than 1200 N from any
direction.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TOILET- WASH/ BATHROOM AND SHOWER AREA

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STUDY OF OTHER FACILITIES- COUNTER, WATER FOUNTAIN, TELEPHONE, MAIL BOX, VENDING MACHINE
External environments need to make accessible provisions for drinking water for all users by providing adequate service infrastructure for
the same. Considering diverse socio cultural preferences of drinking water, it is important to design contextual choices of water access
keeping sensitivity to the needs of persons with disabilities, children, elderly and other user groups. The following features are recommended
as part of accessibility in external drinking water provisions (Refer Fig: 3.24, 3.25, 3.26) :

1. Access route to drinking water be well defined, well illuminated and supported with wayfinding signage.
2. The space should be well maintained, hygienic and safe to move around with a provision of minimum 900 mm wide apron around the
water spouts.
3. Drainage covers, gratings and proper slopes to be provided for water spillage as per Section 3.6. To avoid water logging or muddy
situations.
4. A clear space of 900mm x 1200mm be provided in front of the water fountains or faucets as maneuvering spaces for wheelchairs and
other mobility devices like baby prams, rollators, etc.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STUDY OF OTHER FACILITIES- COUNTER, WATER FOUNTAIN, TELEPHONE, MAIL BOX, VENDING MACHINE

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 STUDY OF OTHER FACILITIES- COUNTER, WATER FOUNTAIN,
Drinking water outlets must have a clear knee space between the bottom of the apron and floor or ground of atleast 750mm wide, 200mm
deep and 680mm -750mm high.
6. Freestanding or built-in-drinking water coolers or taps not having a knee space should have a clear floor space of at least 1200mm wide
x 1200mm in front of the unit.
7. Of the multiple water spouts provided, atleast one should be at lower height of 750mm with clear knee space of minimum 680 mm for
access to wheelchair users as in Fig: 3.24.
8. Water taps or faucets should be lever type for ease in use with grip related disabilities and also other situations of inability to use palms or
hand grips.
9. While planning and designing water points in external environments, due attention needs to be given to material finishes and avoid
flooring materials with slippery finishes underneath the water outlets.
10. The pathway to drinking water facility should be well lit and be in accordance with access routes as specified in Section 3.5.
11. Tactile guiding pathways along access routes should lead to the water points in external spaces for ease in access to persons with
visual impairments.
12. Sensor based hands free taps or other new technologies of water fountains be contextually integrated in external environments for
enhanced accessibility

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 TELEPHONE BOOTH

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 VENDING MACHINE Vending Machine
1. The coin slot must be located at a height of 1200mm or less
2. It should have a clear floor space of 900 X 1200 mm.
3. Operating buttons should have raised numbers and should be in
contrasting colours.

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR
 THANK YOU!

TUTOR
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- MODULE 2 A R . K . K A L A I M A T H Y, A S S I T A N T
& INTERIOR DESIGN
PROFESSOR