Anatomy and Physiology- Muscles

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Closes eyelid

Obicularis oculi

Draws angles of the mouth upward and outward; major muscle

used in smiling and laughing

Zygomaticus major

Which muscle encircles the mouth, closes lips, protrudes lips as

in kissing, and is uniquely developed in humans for speech

Obicularis oris

Muscles that compresses cheeks inward; whistling or kissing.

Buccinator

Protrudes lower lip

Mentalis

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Elevates mandible

Masseter

Elevates and retracts mandible; assists in side to side movement

of mandible

Temporalis

Protracts and depresses tongue

Genioglossus

Retracts and elevates tongue

Styloglossus

Elevates and retracts hyoid bone

Stylohyoid

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Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to
opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck

Sternocleidomastoid

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the

arm

Trapezius

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoul-
der downward and backward

Latissimus dorsi

Adducts and medially rotates the arm; flexes and extends

humerus

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

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A large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving

to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm.

Deltoid

Flexes and supinates forearm

Biceps brachii

flexes forearm

Brachialis

Extends the arm at the elbow

Triceps brachii

Extends forearm and stabilizes elbow joint

Anconeus

Flexes the arm at the elbow

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Brachioradialis

Flexes and abducts the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes the wrist

Palmaris longus

Flexes and adducts wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extends the wrist and abducts the hand

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extend medial four digits at MCP joint, extend hand

Extensor digitorium

Elevates ribs and enlarges thoracic cavity during inhalation. Dur-

Exterior intercostals
ing exhalation, depresses ribs and decreases thoracic cavity

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reduces thoracic cavity (forced exhalation)

Interior intercostals

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with
breathing

Diaphragm

Compresses abdomen; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral col-

umn

External oblique

Compresses abdomen

Internal oblique

Compresses abdomen

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Transversus abdominus

Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column. Aid in defeca-

tion, urination, childbirth

Rectus abdominus

extends and laterally rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus

Abducts and rotates the thigh medially

Gluteus medius

Medially rotates thigh; abducts the hip

Gluteus minimus

Flexes thigh at the hip; flexes vertebral column

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Psoas major

Adducts and flexes thigh at the hip

Pectineus

Adducts, flexes, and rotates the thigh laterally

Adductor longus

Adducts and extends thigh at the hip; assists in medial rotation

Adductor magnus

Adducts thigh at the hip and flexes leg at the knee; assists in
medial rotation

Gracilis

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee

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Sartorius

extends knee, flexes thigh at hip

Rectus femoris

Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group

Vastus medialis

Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group

Vastus lateralis

extends thigh; flexes leg (Hamstrings)

Biceps femoris

Flex knee; extends thigh; medially rotates thigh at hip and knee
(Hamstrings)

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Semitendinosis

Flex knee, extend hip (Hamstrings)

Semimembranosis

Plantar flexes foot

Gastrocnemius

plantar flexes foot

Soleus

Flexes lateral four toes; plantar flexion and inversion of foot

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexes big toe

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Flexor halluces longus

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Tibialis anterior

Extend toes and dorsiflex foot

Extensor digitorium longus

plantar flexes and everts foot

Fibularis longus

plantar flexes and everts foot

Fibularis brevis

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