TST2601

Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

QUESTION 1
The results of a tensile test on a specimen of mild steel are as follows: original diameter =
20mm; original gauge length = 40 mm; proportional limit load = 80kN; extension at
proportional limit = 0.048 mm; yield point load = 85 kN; maximum recorded load = 150 kN;
final length between guage points = 55.6 mm; and final minimum diameter (neck) = 15.8 mm.
Calculate
(a) The modulus of elasticity for the mild steel (5)
(b) The proportional limit stress (2.5)
(c) The ultimate tensile stress (2.5)
(d) The percentage elongation (2)
(e) The percentage reduction in area (3)
[15 Marks]

SOLUTION

d 2 3.142 x 20 2
(a) Original area, Ao = = (1mark ) = 314.2mm 2 (1mark )
4 4

 80 x10 3 x 40
E= =
FL
= (1mark ) = 212179.08MPa = 212.18GPa (2marks )
 Al 314.2 x0.048
F 80 x10 3
(b)  = = (0.5mark ) = 254.62 MPa (2mark )
A 314.2
Fmax 150 x10 3
(c)  ult = = (0.5mark ) = 477.40 MPa (2marks )
A 314.2
L2 − L1 55.6 − 40
(d) % elongation = x100 = x100 (1mark ) = 39% (1mark )
L1 40

d 2 3.142 x15.8 2
(e) Final area, Af = = = 196.09mm 2 (1mark )
4 4

A1 − A2 314.2 − 196.09
% Area reduction = x100 = x100 (1mark ) = 37.59% (1mark )
A1 314.2

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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

QUESTION 2
A precast concrete T-section is shown in the Figure 1, with respect to X-X and Y-Y axis.
a) Calculate the point of centroid (5)
b) Calculate the second moment of area about x-x, I xx (4)

c) Calculate the second moment of area about y-y, I yy (4)

d) Calculate radius of gyration, rx and ry (3)

e) Calculate the elastic section modulus (2)

f) Calculate the plastic section modulus (7)

Y [25 Marks]

100 mm

10 mm
1

2 3 15mm
2.67x
4
x

40 mm

X X

20 mm
Y

Figure 1

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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

SOLUTION
(a)
 40 x15 
A = (100 x10) + (55 x 20) + 2 
 2 
1000 + 1100 + 600 = 2700 mm 2 (1.5marks )

1000 x60 + 1100 x 27.5 + 300 x50 + 300 x50

y=
2700
60000 + 30250 + 15000 + 15000
= = 44.537 mm (2marks)
2700

1000 x50 + 1100 x50 + 300 x 26.67 + 300 x73.33

x=
2700
50000 + 55000 + 8001 + 21999
= = 50mm (1.5marks)
2700
OR
It is symmetrical about y axis, so, x = 50 mm

(b)
I xx = I GG + Ae 2
100(10 )  40(15) 3 
3
20(55) 3
= + 1000(60 − 44.537 ) + + 1100(44.537 − 27.5) 2 +  + 300(50 − 44.537) 2  +
2
I xx
12 12  36 
 40(15) 3 
 + 300(50 − 44.537) 2  (2 marks )
 36 
I xx = 8333.33 + 239104.369 + 277291.67 + 319285.306 + 3750 + 8953.311 + 3750 + 8953.311
I xx = 869421.3mm 4 (2 marks )
(c)
I yy = I GG + Ae 2
10(100 ) 15(40) 3  15(40) 3 
3
55(20) 3
I yy = + 1000(0 ) + + 1100(0) 2 +  + 300(50 − 26.67) 2  +  + 300(73.33 − 50) 2 
2

12 12  36   36 
(2marks )
I yy = 833333.33 + 0 + 36666.67 + 0 + 26666.67 + 163286.67 + 26666.67 + 163286.67
I yy = 1249906 .68mm 4 (2 marks )
(d)
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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

I xx 869421.3
rx = = = 17.945mm (1.5marks)
A 2700

I yy 1249906.68
ry = = = 21.516mm (1.5marks)
A 2700

(e)
I xx 869421.3
Z ex = = = 19521.326mm 3 (2marks)
y 44.537

(f)
To get the position of plastic neutral axis (PNA), equate the half of the total area to area of
region from the bottom to point x
 2.67 x( x) 
1 / 2 A = 20(40 + x) + 2  (1.5marks)
 2 
2700
= 800 + 20 x + 2.67 x 2
2
1350 = 800 + 20 x + 2.67 x 2
2.67 x 2 + 20 x − 550 = 0

Using quadratic equation:

− b  b 2 − 4ac
use
2a
− 20  (20) 2 − 4(2.67)(−550)
x=
2(2.67)
− 20  6274 − 20  79.21
x= =
5.34 5.34
− 20 − 79.21 − 20 + 79.21
x= or x=
5.34 5.34
x = −18.58m or x = 11.09m (1.5marks)
x will be 11.09m because it is within the range i.e < 15m

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 TST2601
Y Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

100 mm

36.09 10 mm

15mm

40 mm

X X

20 mm
Y

3.91x3.91  36.09 x11.09 

Zp = (100 x10)8.91 + (92.18 x3.91)1.955 + 2( )2.61 + (20 x51.09)25.55 + 2 3.7 (2marks)
2  2 
Z p = 8910 + 704.629 + 39.902 + 26106.99 + 1480.88
Z p = 37242.402mm 3 (2marks)

QUESTION 3
A loaded beam is shown in Figure 2 below.
a. Calculate the reactions at the supports. (6)
b. Calculate the shear force and bending moment values. (5)
c. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams. (4)
d. Find out the maximum shear force and the section at which it occurs. (1)
e. Find out the maximum bending moment and the section at which it occurs. (4)

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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

40 kN
20 kN/m 80 kNm

1m 1m 4m 2m 2m

A B C D E F

Figure 2 [20 Marks]

SOLUTION
(a)
M F = 0
R A (10) − 40(9) − (20 x 4 x6) + 80 = 0 (1mark )
10 R A − 360 − 480 + 80 = 0
10 R A = 760
R A = 76kN (2marks )
Fy = 0
R A + RF = 40 + 80 = 120 (1mark )
 RF = 120 − 76 = 44kN (2marks )
(b)
BENDING MOMENT
SHEAR FORCES
BM A = 0
S A = 76kN
BM B = 76(1) = 76kNm
S B (left ) = 76kN
BM C = 76(2) − 40(1) = 112kNm
S B (right ) = 76 − 40 = 36kN
20(4) 2
S C = 76 − 40 = 36kN BM D = 76(6) − 40(5) − = 96kNm
2
S D = 76 − 40 − 80 = −44kN
BM E (left ) = 76(8) − 40(7) − (20 x 4 x 4) = 8kNm
S E = 76 − 40 − 80 = −44kN
BM E (right ) = 76(8) − 40(7) − (20 x 4 x 4) + 80 = 88kNm
S F = 76 − 40 − 80 = −44kN
BM F = 0
(2marks )
(3marks)

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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

(c) 40kN
20kN/m 80kNm
A F

B C D
E

1m 1m 4m 2m 2m
76

36

(2marks)

44

8 (2marks)

76 88
96
112

(d) Maximum shear force = 76 kN at A. (1mark)

(e) Maximum bending moment is between C and D

SF=0 at this point
76 - 40 – 20x = 0 (1mark)
36 = 20x
x = 1.8, so distance form A = 2 + 1.8 = 3.8m (1mark)

OR USING SIMILAR TRIANGLE

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 TST2601
Minor Test 1 MEMO. 2022

36 44
=
x 4− x
36(4 − x ) = 44 x
144 − 36 x = 44 x
144 = 80 x
 x = 1.8m
So distance from A = 2 + 1.8 = 3.8m

Bending moment at this point =

20(1.8)
2
76(3.8) − 40(2.8) − (1mark ) =
2
288.8 − 112 − 32.4 = 144.4kNm
Maximum bending moment = 144.4 kNm at 3.8m from A (1mark)