Physical

Education &
Yoga
Z040401
 Singh, Ajmer, Physical Education and
Olympic Abhiyan, “Kalayani Publishers”,
New Delhi, Revised Addition, 2006

Suggested Patel, Shri krishna, Physical Education,

Readings: “Agrawal Publishers”, Agra, 2014-15

Panday, Preeti, Sharirik Shiksha

Sankalan, “ Khel Sanskriti Prakashan,
Kanpur
Misconception About
Physical Education
• Few of the misconceptions are as under:
• Rest Period
• Wastage of Money
• Leads to Indiscipline
• No Job Career or Profession
• Poor Social Status
• Participation in Games only
• Wastage of Time
 • Indian Railway provides sports quotas to sportspersons
and also recruits them after their remarkable
performance.
• Recently the Indian railways updated the appointment
under the sports quota.
• Railways provide group C & Group D level jobs to the
sportspersons along with additional increments.
Sports quota • The recruitment can be through Talent Scouting and
open advertisement.
in India • However, international meets are recognized separately
getting categories A, B, and C.
• Apart from these under different schemes incentives for
different levels are provided by railways.
• A good sportsperson can continue to play through
railways.
 Global
consciousness
about physical
fitness and
wellness: WHO
 WHO defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced
by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical
activity refers to all movement including during leisure time, for
transport to get to and from places, or as part of a person’s work.
Both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity improve
health.
What is Popular ways to be active include walking, cycling, wheeling,

physical sports, active recreation and play, and can be done at any level of
skill and for enjoyment by everybody.

activity?
Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage
noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes
and several cancers. It also helps prevent hypertension, maintain
healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of life
and well-being.
Adults aged 18–64 years

should do at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic

physical activity;

or at least 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity; or an

equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity
throughout the week

should also do muscle-strengthening activities at moderate or greater intensity

that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week, as
these provide additional health benefits.
 may increase moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to
more than 300 minutes; or do more than 150 minutes of
vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity; or an equivalent
combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity
throughout the week for additional health benefits.

Adults aged should limit the amount of time spent being

sedentary. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity of
18–64 years any intensity (including light intensity) provides
health benefits, and

to help reduce the detrimental effects of high levels

of sedentary behaviour on health, all adults and older
adults should aim to do more than the recommended levels
of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity
Levels of physical activity globally
More than a quarter of the world’s adult population (1.4 billion adults) are insufficiently active

Worldwide, around 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men do not do enough physical activity to stay healthy.

Levels of inactivity are twice as high in high-income countries compared to low-income countries,

There has been no improvement in global levels of physical activity since 2001

Insufficient activity increased by 5% (from 31.6% to 36.8%) in high-income countries between 2001
and 2016.
Meaning, Definition,
Aim and Objective
• Bucher has defined Physical Education as an
“Integral part of total educational process, is
a field of endeavour which has its aim — the
development of physically, mentally,
emotionally and socially fit citizens through
the medium of physical activities which have
been selected with a view to realise these
outcomes.”
The
National • “Physical education should aim at making the child
physically, mentally and emotionally fit and

plan of
developing personal and social qualities which will
help to live happily with others and build a good
citizen”. It further emphasises that the
physical development of the total personality and
achievement of worthy citizenship motivated for

education service should be the outcomes of physical

education.

(1956)
 Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has launched the Fit
India Movement on 29 Aug 2019 with a view to make
Physical Fitness a way of life. Fit India Movement aims
at behavioural changes – from sedentary lifestyle to
physically active way of day-to-day living. Fit India
would be a success only when it becomes a people’s
Fit India movement. We have to play the role of a catalyst.

Movement How to Live’ ought to be the first pillar of formal

education. This involves teaching and practicing the
art of taking care of one’s body and health daily.
Schools have to be the first formal institution after
home where physical fitness is taught and practiced.
Some Statistics
• Life expectancy: The average life expectancy in India is 69 years (as of 2021).
• Infant mortality rate: The infant mortality rate in India is 28.3 deaths per 1,000 live births (as of 2021).
• Maternal mortality rate: The maternal mortality rate in India is 113 deaths per 100,000 live births (as of 2017).
• Communicable diseases: Communicable diseases are responsible for 5% of deaths in India (as of 2019).
• Non-communicable diseases: Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 61% of deaths in India (as of 2019).
• Malnutrition: India has the highest number of malnourished children in the world, with 37.9% of children under the age of five
being underweight (as of 2020).
• Sanitation: 44% of households in India do not have access to basic sanitation facilities (as of 2020).
• Healthcare spending: India spends around 3.6% of its GDP on healthcare (as of 2021).
• Doctor-to-patient ratio: India has a doctor-to-patient ratio of 1:1,457, which is well below the World Health Organization's
recommended ratio of 1:1,000 (as of 2021).
• COVID-19: As of March 2023, India has reported over 54 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 700,000 deaths
Some Statistics

• ife expectancy: As of 2021, the average life expectancy in India is 69 years. This is lower than the
global average of 73 years, according to the World Bank.
• Disease burden: India has a high burden of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria,
and HIV/AIDS, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
and cancer.
• Maternal and child health: While India has made progress in reducing maternal and child mortality,
these rates are still higher than the global average. Malnutrition is also a significant issue,
particularly among children.
• Healthcare access and infrastructure: The healthcare system in India faces several challenges,
including inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and a shortage of healthcare professionals.
There is also a significant disparity between public and private healthcare facilities.
• Sanitation: Poor sanitation is a significant public health issue in India, particularly in rural areas.
Impact of Modern-Day
Lifestyle on Health
 What is lifestyle?
It is a habit, attitude, interest, moral standard, consumption, economic status that altogether
make up a person’s or a group’s persuasion of life.

A person’s constant, comprehensive manner of living is typified by this. It just defines the way
of life a person lives.

The confluence of physical and intangible aspects determine lifestyle.

A person’s demographic profile falls under the category of physical characteristics, whereas
psychological traits including personal beliefs, preferences, and outlooks fall under the category
of intangible characteristics.
 • Physical education is an essential
Need, component of modern society due to its
need, importance, and scope. Here are
some key points to consider:
importance and • Need:
scope of • Physical education is needed to
promote physical fitness, prevent
chronic diseases, and improve mental
physical health.
• It is necessary to develop motor skills,
education in improve coordination, and foster social
skills.

modern society • Physical education is needed to

encourage lifelong learning and
promote healthy habits.
Importance:

Physical education is
It improves motor skills,
important as it promotes
cognitive skills, and
physical fitness and overall
academic performance.
well-being.

Physical education helps It encourages teamwork,

individuals develop positive leadership, and
self-esteem and social skills. communication skills.
Scope

Physical education has a broad scope as it encompasses various activities such

as sports, fitness, and outdoor recreation.

It can be taught at all educational levels, from elementary school to university.

Physical education can be practiced in various settings, including schools,

community centers, and sports clubs.

It has global significance as physical education is an essential part of many

cultures and societies worldwide.
Indian Govt Initiatives

The National Education Policy 2020

The India Active Report 2019

The Khelo India Scheme

The Fit India Movement

Relation of Physical Education to
General Education

Physical education has long been recognized as an integral part of the education
process itself. The human body is a united form of mind and spirit, and education
makes this integration even stronger.

Human should be given complete education. Any narrow interpretation of education

as to whether it is related to the school curriculum, extra-school or aspect of
intellectual development would be deviating from the purpose of education. No
individual, community, nation can depend on only one aspect of life. Human beings
are psycho-physical beings and mind, and body cannot be seen separately.
Relation of Physical
Education to
General Education
• Montague sums it up perfectly, “it
is not just the soul, it is not only the
body that we are training, but also
the person and we should not
divide it into two halves.”
• John Locke has expressed similar
views, “A healthy mind in a healthy
body.” It is the globally accepted
concise, but complete presentation
source of happiness.
Relation of Physical Education to
General Education

• Physical education is useful not only in the present, but it is equally

useful for the future. Modern lifestyle has created many problems
for the person. The demands of social and economic order create
enormous tensions and pressures. The importance and need of
physical education in the modern cyber age cannot be
underestimated.
 • The briefs of Physical Education today rest
on the history of this field of endeavor. It is
the source of Physical education’s identity.
Many of today’s activities have their fore-
DEVELOPMENT
runners in history. For instance, the first
OF PHYSICAL
Olympic dates back to 776 B.C in Ancient
EDUCATIO IN
Greek, yoga and Karate, activities with much
INDIA (PRE-
recent interest, dates back to ancient
INDEPENDENCE)
oriental societies. Many more facts that will
help the physical educators to understand
the present better can be achieved by
studying the past.
 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Physical This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

activities in • During this age, the objective of physical

education was achieved through a daily
INDUS VALLEY routine of work, game, sports and
CIVILIZATION amusements. Marbles, balls and dice were
used for games. Boxing was also in practice as
PERIOD (3250 evident from a seal found.

B.C-2500B.C)

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Physical activities
in Vedic period

• The Indus
Valley Civilization wa
s a cultural and
political entity which
flourished in the
northern region of the
Indian subcontinent
between c. 7000 - c.
600 BCE. Its modern
name derives from its
location in the valley
of the Indus River, but
it is also commonly
referred to as the
Indus-
Sarasvati Civilization
and the Harrapan
Civilization.
 Physical activities in Epic period

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