Chapter 2: Maxwell’s Equations

in Integral Form
2.1 Line Integral
2.2 Surface Integral
2.3 Faraday’s Law

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2.2 Surface Integral
(1) Flux of vector field crossing an infinitesimal surface
Distribution of magnetic flux density B is uniform on DS surface

Flux = (B)(DS) Flux = 0 Flux = (B cos  ) DS

= B DS cos 
= B • DS a n
= B • DS 2
2.2 Surface Integral
(2) Surface Integral or Flux of vector field over a surface
B is considered uniform in each DS

Magnetic flux crossing the DSj surface

Total magnetic flux crossing the whole S surface

In limit 𝑛 → ∞

Flux or surface integral of B over S

Over a closed surface S

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2.2 Surface Integral: Example
D2.4 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝑨 = 𝑥 𝐚𝒙 + 𝐚𝒚 find the absolute value of ‫ 𝑺𝑑 ⋅ 𝑨 ׬‬over
a) square having the vertices at (0, 0, 0), (0, 2, 0), (0, 2, 2), and (0, 0, 2)

x = 0, a n =  a x z
A = 0, A • dS = 0
2
 A • dS = 0
 A • dS = 0 2
y

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2.2 Surface Integral: Example
D2.4 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝑨 = 𝑥 𝐚𝒙 + 𝐚𝒚 find the absolute value of ‫ 𝑺𝑑 ⋅ 𝑨 ׬‬over
b) square having the vertices at (2, 0, 0), (2, 2, 0), (2, 2, 2), and (2, 0, 2)

x = 2, an =  ax z
A = 2 ( ax + a y ) 2

d S =  dy dz ax
y
2
A • dS =  2 dy dz
2
2 2
x
 A • dS =  y =0 z =0 2 dy dz =  8

 A • dS =8
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2.2 Surface Integral: Example
D2.4 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝑨 = 𝑥 𝐚𝒙 + 𝐚𝒚 find the absolute value of ‫ 𝑺𝑑 ⋅ 𝑨 ׬‬over
c) square having the vertices at (0, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0), (2, 0, 2), and (0, 0, 2)

y = 0, an =  a y z

A = x ( ax + a y )
2

d S =  dz dx a y
y
A • d S =  x dx dz 2
x
2 2
 A • dS =  x =0 z =0 x dx dz =  4
 A • dS =4

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2.2 Surface Integral: Example
D2.4 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝑨 = 𝑥 𝐚𝒙 + 𝐚𝒚 find the absolute value of ‫ 𝑺𝑑 ⋅ 𝑨 ׬‬over
d) triangle having the vertices at (0, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0), and (0, 0, 2)

From c A • dS =  x dx dz

2 2– x
 A • dS =  x=0 z =0 x dx dz
z
2 2
=  0 x(2 – x) dx
x+ z=2
4
= y
3
2
4 x
 A • dS = 3
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