COMBINED (P.G.

) INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL
SCIENCES & RESEARCH
DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND

SEMINAR
ON
AV AIDS

Submitted To Submitted By
Ms. Heena Negi Mohamad Dildar
Assistant Professor M.Sc. Nursing 1st Year
CIMS College of Nursing CIMS College of Nursing

Submitted On
/2022
 GENERAL INFORMATION:

1.Name of the Supervisor : Ms. Heena Negi

2.Name of the Student : Mohamad Dildar
3.Subject : Nursing Education
4.Topic : AV Aids
5.Venue : M.Sc. 1st year Classroom
6.Group : M.Sc. 1st year students
7.Time /Duration : 1 hour.
8.Date :
9.Methods of Teaching : Lecture cum Discussion
10.A.V Aids : PPT, chart paper, black board

General objective

At the end of the class students will be able to acquire knowledge regarding AV Aids and also
will be able to apply the knowledge while providing education to the students.
Specific objectives

At the end of the class students will be able to:

• Define AV Aids.
• Discuss levels of learning in relation to the use of Audiovisual Aids
• Explain key concepts in the selection and use of media
• Describe types of Audiovisual Aids
• Discuss purpose of AV Aids.
• Explain classification of AV Aids
• Discuss need of AV Aids
• Enlist principles in the use of AV Aids
• Discuss advantages and disadvantages of AV Aids
• Describe Characteristics of AV Aids.
• Explain functions of AV Aids
• Describe Non projected and projected AV Aids
• Explain guidelines for effective use of AV Aids
• Discuss evaluation of AV Aids
 AUDIOVISUAL AIDS
‘Vision in one of the chief gateways of educative experience. Visual aids increase the speed of learning
and improve the quality of self-education. What our eyes perceive, our minds with due consideration
should quickly appreciate and long retain.’
-Edward Fitzgerald

Introduction

‘A picture is worth million words’

Audio visual aids are devices or technological media or learning devices are added devices that
help the teacher to clarify, establish, correlate and co-ordinate accurate concepts, interpretations
and enable him to make learning more concrete, effective, interesting, inspirational, meaningful.

The audiovisual aids can play a powerful role in enhancing the impact and memorability of the
presentation. When used properly, they can entertain and enliven the audience while increasing
their receptivity and recall. The reason for an audiovisual aid is simply to present an idea in a
form that the audience will understand most quickly; in a form that is close to the reality, to the
real things as is possible; in a form that asks the listener to do as little translating as possible.

Put into formula it could read like this:

The
speaker's
idea

Quick
registration
of idea
Audio
visual
stimuli
Definitions of Audiovisual Aids
According to Burton: 'Audiovisual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or
stimulate and reinforce learning!

According to Edger Dale: 'Audiovisual aids are those devices by the use of which
communication of ideas between persons and groups in various teaching and training situations
is helped. These are also termed as multisensory materials.

According to Kinder, S James: 'Audiovisual aids are anything by means of which learning
process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight.

According to Carter V Good: 'Audiovisual aids are those aids which helps in completing the
triangular process of learning, i.e., motivation, classification, and stimulation.'

According to Mcknown and Roberts: 'Audiovisual aids are supplementary devices by which the
teacher, through the utilization of more than one sensory channels keeps to clarify, establish and
correlate concepts, interpretations and appreciations.

According to SP Ahluwalia: 'Audiovisual materials reinforce the spoken or the written words
with concrete images and provide rich perceptual experiences which are basis of learning. These
materials make learning less non-verbalistic and reduce the boredom of mere verbalism.

From the above definitions, it is clear that audiovisualaids are the different types of tools that
appeal to the sense of hearing and vision and are used in classrooms,especially for presenting
abstract information.
Levels of Learning in Relation to the Use of Audiovisual Aids
There are three levels of learning in relation to the use of audiovisual aids:

1.Abstract level of learning or memory level in teaching:

This level encourages rote learning, i.e. learning that emphasizes cramming. This makes learners
to achieve very little. The method is subject and is teacher/agent centered and it has failed to
promote and sustain the interest and inquisitive spirit of the learners.

2.The semi-concrete level of learning and understanding level in teaching:

At this level, the teacher speaks of what he knows and understands. Learners accept the facts
only after discussion, i.e. the learners are made to be active participants and they learn at their
own pace. The teacher or agent acts as intelligent guide. AV materials play a vital role at this
level, e.g., a picture of a tractor and other pictorial materials can be used as substitutes for reality.

3.Concrete level of learning and reflective level in teaching:

At this level, the students or learners are not only active use of concrete materials which are the
best of all teaching but they are active participants. The teacher/agent makes aids. Real objects
are used not imitations. Learner’s watch, participate and practicalize it under supervision.

Key Concepts in the Selection and use of Media

Selection and use of media or AV aids should not be a haphazard process; rather, it should be a
systematically well-planned process so that, a suitable media for a particular group of students as
per the learning objectives can be selected and their lesson about the use of media. There are a
number of used. The teacher should think judiciously while planning factors which should be
considered simultaneously while making a selection for the appropriate AV aid. Some important
factors which can guide a teacher through the process of selection and use of media in education
are as follows:

Learning Objectives
Learning objectives are the key areas which determine the suitability and applicability of a
particular AV aid. Select the AV aid from the all-available options that can be helpful to deliver
lesson contents to achieve the desired learning objectives.

For example, if one presenting results of research findings they would have traditionally used
chalk board. In this situation they would have to use PowerPoint slides to graphically depict their
findings as it will better serve the objectives. Therefore, objectives should not be tailored to the
media; rather, objectives should guide media utilization.

Size and Nature of the Group

The size of group is another important factor that influences selection of media. For example, for
a small size class of 10-30 students' charts can be used effectively, but for a large group (50-100
students) charts will not be visible to all students and, you will have to choose either
transparency or power point slides with an amplifier to augment your voice.

It is better to know in advance the size of the whom you are planning to teach. If you are
teaching a group routinely then you may know its size in advance, but the problem arises when
you are assigned to teach a class of external students. Communicate with the class coordinator
and know the number of students present in the assigned class.

Availability of Resources
Nursing colleges are resource-limited in India, hence nursing faculty has to explore the available
resources in the college while planning and preparing for instructional aids. In a resource-limited
setting, you cannot prepare and plan to use costly media. It is always better to choose media
whenever possible.
Technical Support
If you are planning to use technically sophisticated media, then make sure that technical support
is available whenever required. It is better to avoid technically sophisticated media (film strip
projector, LCD projector, data projector) if you are not well acquainted with the technology of
that particular media or when technical support is not readily available.

Know your Expertise in Preparation on Media in India

Transparency and power point slides are two available options which can be used to teach a
particular content to a group. Evaluate both options and choose the one on which you or your
students can prepare the content more skillfully and creatively. Teach students how to prepare
AV aids efficiently in some situations you may also consider commercially available AV aids.

Media Characteristics
During selection and use of media, preference should be given to those AV aids which can be
stored and retrieved, provided that the selected media is not compromising the learning
objectives and students' attention. Another media characteristic of significance is the physical
quality of the media, which includes the attributes, authenticity and significance of the content.

Electricity
Availability of electricity becomes an important consideration before selecting a media that
requires the use of electricity (e.g., transparency, LCD projector, etc.); therefore, you will have to
ensure that there is uninterrupted supply of electricity in the classroom or else have an alternative
media ready to use in case of electricity failure.

Learner's Response
Media utilization should focus on learners' response through discussion, project, dramatization,
and so on.
Legal Consideration
Legal aspects should be considered in the production and the utilization of educational
communication media and this is particularly important where AV materials are prepared by the
teacher. It is always advisable to obtain permission in writing to avoid possible legal
involvement.

Other Concepts
Stimulus variation, feedback, reinforcement and learner participation are some other concepts
that should be considered.

Types of Audiovisual Aids

The audiovisual aids have been classified in a number of ways according to different approaches,
some are as:

Technical approach: They have been classified into two types, viz, audio aids and visual aids.

i. Audio aids: The aids involving the sense of hearing are called audio aids, e.g., audio, tape-
recorder, records player, etc.

ii. Visual aids: Those aids which use sense of vision are called as visual aids, e.g., models, video,
maps, bulletin board, slides, epidiascope, overhead projector, etc.

According to 2nd approach, the audiovisual aids have been classified into two types viz;
projected and non-projected teaching aids:

■ Projected aids: Teaching aids which help in their projection on the screen are called as
projected aids. For example, film strips slide, film projector, overhead projector, epidiascope,
etc.

■ Non-projected aids: Teaching aids which do not help in their projection on the screen are
called non-projected teaching aids. For example, chalk board, charts, actual objects, models, tape
recorder, radio, etc.
• According to 3rd approach, audiovisual aids can beclassified as simple aids and sophisticated
aids.