Ganglia (hạch) is a collection of neuron bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of

the peripheral nervous system.

Peripheral nervous system:

+ Sense receptors: eye, ear, nose, skin,…

+ Sensory nerves (afferent nerves): carry massages toward the spinal cord and the brain

+ Motor nerves (efferent nerves): carry massages from the spinal cord and the brain to muscles.

Brain and spinal cord  central nervous system.

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord  peripheral nervous system.

The part of the brain below the thalamus; control sleep, feel appetite, body temperature, etc. 
hypothalamus.

4. the part of the brain just above the spinal cord control breathing rate, heart rate,...  medulla
oblongata.

The part of the brain in front of the cerebellum and between the medulla oblongata and the upper
part of the brain  pons.

The back part of the brain that coordinates movements voluntary opportunity  cerebellum.

The part of the brain below the cerebrum, the transfer center conduction of impulses between the
spinal cord and the brain  thalamus (diecephalon).

The lower part of the brain that connects the cerebrum to the medulla spinal cord (including pons
and spinal cord)  brainstem.

The largest part of the brain; engine motion control voluntary, version, speech, hearing, thought,
memory  cerebrum.

*[pia mater] A. innermost meningeal membrane

[midbrain] B. uppermost portion of the brainstem

*[dura mater] C. thick, outermost layer of the meninges

*[sulci] D. grooves in the cerebral cortex

[cerebrum] E. largest part of the brain

[synapse] F. contact point between two nerves

[cerebral cortex] G. outer layer of the cerebrum

*[gyri] (hồi não) H. elevations in the cerebral cortex

*[cauda equina] I. a fan of nerve fibers

[pons] J. smallest part of brain

1. Inflammation of the brain:  [encephalitis]

2. Surgery to repair a nerve:  [neuroplasty]

3. Pain in a nerve:  [neuralgia]

4. Lack of sensation:  [anesthesia]

5. Any disease of the brain:  [encephalopathy]

6. Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord:  [poliomyelitis]

7. Painful sensation in response to normal stimulation:  [dysesthesia]

8. Abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling: [paresthesia]

9. Paralysis of all four limbs; quadriplegia:  [tetraplegia]

10. Paralysis affecting either the right or left side of the body:  [hemiplegia]

REVIEW

1. Which term means paralysis on one side of the body?

a. Paraplegia

b. Monoplegia

c. Diplegia

d. Hemiplegia

2. Which of the following terms means a disease of the CNS characterized by the formation of
plaques (Hình thành mảng bám) in the brain and spinal cord?

a. Poliomyelitis (Viêm tuỷ chất xám)

b. Parkinson's disease

c. Multiple sclerosis (đa xơ cứng)

d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (teo cơ xơ cứng bên)

3. To what does the term cerebrocranial refer?

a. Cerebrum and cerebellum

b. Cerebrum and brain

c. Cerebellum and cranium

d. Brain and cranium

4. The axon is a process that extends from a neuron cell body. What is another one?

a. Neurotransmitter

b. Effector
c. Dendrite

d. Ganglia

5. Which of the following means accumulation of blood under the outermost meningeal layer?

a. Subdural hematoma

b. Intracerebral hematoma

c. Epidural hematoma

d. Cerebral concussion (chấn động não)

6. Which of the following means hardening of the brain (cứng não)?

a. Encephalomyelopathy

b. Epilepsy (động kinh)

c. Encephalosclerosis

d. Multiple sclerosis

7. What is cerebral meningitis?

a. Inflammation of the cerebellum

b. Inflammation of the medulla

c. Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord

d. Inflammation of the meninges of the brain

8. Which part of the nervous system conducts impulses to skeletal muscle and is under conscious
control?

a. Central

b. Somatic

c. Autonomic

d. Afferent

9. Parkinson's disease is a disease of the nerves in the brain due to an imbalance of what?

a. Serotonin

b. Glucose

c. Oxygen

d. Dopamine

10. A craniectomy is an ________________________.

a. Excision of part of the skull

b. Surgery to repair a nerve

c. Incision into the skull

d. Incision into a lobe

11. _____________ is given to reduce seizure activity.

a. Antipsychotic agent (chống loạn thần)

b. Sedative (thuốc an thần)

c. Antianxiety agent (chống lo âu)

d. Anticonvulsant agent (thuốc chống co giật)

12. Of the following choices, which is the best place to perform an LP?

a. Between L5 and S1

b. Between T2 and T3

c. Between T12 and L1

d. Between L3 and L4

13. What is another name for an absence seizure (động kinh thoáng qua)?

a. petit mal seizure (động kinh nhỏ)

b. syncope (ngất)

c. somnambulism (mộng du)

d. grand mal seizure (động kinh lớn)

14. A TIA (Transient ischemic attack) (cơn thiếu máu não thoáng qua) involves primarily the nervous
system and which other body system?

a. muscular

b. respiratory

c. digestive

d. cardiovascular

15. Delirium (mê sảng) is ________________.

a. a subjective perception of an object or voice when no such stimulus exists

b. altered state of consciousness

c. impaired intellectual function

d. a false belief or wrong judgment despite evidence to the contrary

16. The____neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord.
A. sensory B. efferent C. afferent D. associative
17. Which of the following is the major structures of the neuron in the correct
order?
A. cell body, dendrite, axon B. axon, dendrite, cell body
C. dendrite, cell body, axon D. dendrite, axon, cell body