THE SOCIOLOGICAL CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF

DIVORCE ON CHILDREN

Submitted by:
SHIVANI RAWAT AND PRIYOLINA HAZARIKA
B.A.LLB (Hons.) “B” Batch 2022-27
Subject: Contemporary Sociological Issues
Course Teacher: Prof. Barsa Priyadarsinee Sahoo

Alliance School of Law

ALLIANCE UNIVERSITY BANGLORE
Date of Submission: 4th April 2023
 ABSTRACT
Children's well-being and development can be significantly affected by divorce, which is a
common occurrence. The sociological effects of divorce on children are the subject of this
paper. An overview of the prevalence of divorce and its causes opens the study. The effects of
divorce on children's mental health, academic performance, and social relationships are then
discussed. The job of a parental clash, authority courses of action, and relational intricacies
are likewise investigated. The paper also looks at the potential long-term effects of divorce on
children and their relationships in the future. According to the findings of this study, divorce
can have a significant impact on children's lives, making it essential to provide assistance to
families going through this transition. Divorce is a critical life altering situation that
influences the companions as well as their youngsters. The effect of separation on kids can be
huge and dependable, going from close to home and conduct issues to scholarly troubles and
social issues. The impacts of separation on kids can change contingent upon different factors
like the age of the kid, the degree of contention between the guardians, and the nurturing
courses of action after the separation. It is fundamental to recognize and address the impacts
of separation on youngsters and give them the essential help and assets to assist them with
adapting to the progressions in their family structure. This theoretical gives a concise outline
of the impacts of separation on kids, featuring the significance of understanding the
exceptional requirements and difficulties looked by youngsters during this change.
 PAGE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.2 Research problem---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.3 Existing Legal Situation---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.4 Review of literature---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.5 Research questions---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.6 Research objectives---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.7 Scope and limitation---------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.8 Methodology---------------------------------------------------------------------
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2. CHAPTER 2---------------------------------------------------------------------
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3. CHAPTER 3---------------------------------------------------------------------
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4. CHAPTER 4---------------------------------------------------------------------
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5. CONCLUSION---------------------------------------------------------------------
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6. REFERENCE---------------------------------------------------------------------
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 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There is no need for an explanation for the word "Divorce”. Although divorce is frequently
described as the challenging and agonising breakdown of a marriage, it is now a fairly
common occurrence, for either better or worse. Many of them has been impacted by it,
whether they have personally encountered it as a spouse or child or know someone who has
faced the same. Divorce's consequences are well known, but the process's complexities are
less well known.

To understand more about Divorce, we have to understand the concept of separation which is
quite personal and surprising in terms of society. People tend to withdraw from situations and
let the emergency come to their attention because they frequently mistrust the emotions
associated with an organization's collapse. The six further steps of the separation process are
documented by Bohannan. These six phases are not sequential because any of them could
occur at the same moment.
Stages of Divorce: -
1. EMOTIONAL DIVORCE - When one spouse is so frustrated that they just detach, it is
known as an emotional divorce. The spouse will typically be disinterested about their partner
and the relationship at this point.
2. LEGAL DIVORCE - An honest couple that has decided to separate legally may do so. In
other words, the courts in each state have determined what would be acceptable grounds for
securing a divorce under the strict scrutiny of the law. As the legitimate reasons a couple has
for seeking a separation typically differ from the legal grounds, this is a problem. Most often,
for a legal separation, couples have to fabricate or exaggerate accusations against one
another.
3. ECONOMIC DIVORCE - Property settlements are a requirement of divorce. The couple's
benefit must be divided into two halves. The separation legal advisor must be very
knowledgeable about these regulations because charge laws are a source of confusion for the
division. A just settlement is usually prevented by outrage and disappointment. Many types of
passionate and perhaps irrational decisions are made. Although while most family matters
can be resolved by isolating them, some important problems that either spouse may be
passionately connected to might become complicated and cause conflict. Of course, the issue
of divorce settlement is connected to the financial settlement.
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DIVORCE IN INDIA- Divorce in India has traditionally been
stigmatized and considered taboo. However, in recent years, there has been a shift in
attitudes, and divorce is becoming more common, particularly in urban areas. Nonetheless,
social aspects of divorce in India still continue to pose various challenges and difficulties for
couples, especially women. Divorce laws in India are governed by the Indian Divorce Act,
1969 and the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. Some of the social aspects are as follows: -
1. One of the main social aspects of divorce in India is the societal pressure to remain in a
marriage, particularly for women. Divorce can often result in social ostracism, and women
who leave their husbands can face discrimination and judgment from their families and
communities. This pressure to stay in a marriage can led women to tolerate abuse and
unhappiness in their marriages, and can prevent them from seeking a divorce.
2. Another social aspect of divorce in India is the financial implications. Women often face
economic insecurity after a divorce, particularly if they have not been working outside the
home. They may not have the skills or qualifications needed to enter the workforce and
support themselves financially. This can make divorce a difficult decision, as women may
feel trapped in their marriages due to financial dependence.
3. Children are also an important consideration in divorce proceedings in India. Custody
battles can be prolonged and difficult, and there is often societal pressure to keep children
with their fathers.
The traditional gender roles in Indian society often lead to mothers being seen as the primary
caregivers, and fathers may not be viewed as capable of taking care of their children. This
can make it difficult for mothers to obtain custody of their children after a divorce.
Overall, divorce in India continues to be a challenging and complex issue, with social,
economic, and cultural factors playing a significant role in the decision to divorce and the
aftermath of the process.

1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM

Despite decades of research on the effects of divorce on children, there is still much debate
about the causal mechanisms underlying these effects. Some studies suggest that divorce
itself has a negative impact on children's well-being, while others suggest that it is the pre-
existing family conflict or the quality of parenting after divorce that contributes to negative
outcomes. Additionally, there is a need for more research that takes into account the diversity
of family structures and experiences, as well as the intersection of multiple social identities
(such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status) that may influence the effects of divorce on
children. Thus, the research problem could be framed as: What are the causal mechanisms
underlying the effects of divorce on children's well-being, and how do these mechanisms
vary across diverse family structures and social identities?

1.3 EXISTING LEGAL SITUATION

There are a few different legal options that can be pursued in the event of a divorce; these
options change from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and depend on the particulars of the split. The
following are some of the most frequently used formal strategies for divorce:
This form of divorce allows for the dissolution of a marriage without either party being
required to establish that the other committed any wrongdoing or was at fault in any way. It is
obtainable in the majority of states in the United States as well as in other countries.

 The process of mediation involves a third party who is impartial working with both
partners to assist them in negotiating a settlement that is equitable to both parties. A
divorce that is settled through mediation is often less contentious and costly than
other methods.
 A collaborative divorce is a type of divorce in which each party retains their own
attorney throughout the process, but the attorneys and parties work together to
achieve a settlement arrangement that is beneficial to both parties. It is also a potential
choice that involves less conflict.
 Arbitration is a process in which a third party who is not involved in the divorce
works in the role of a judge and makes a final decision regarding the divorce's
conditions. This is a possible alternative to travelling to the court that is both speedier
and less expensive.
 The most common and time-honoured approach to getting a divorce is known as
"litigation," in which both parties employ their own attorneys and bring their cases
before a judge. In situations where the parties involved are unable to reach an
arrangement on their own, it is possible that litigation will be required even though it
can be time-consuming and costly.
 It is essential to keep in mind that the specific legal solutions for divorce that are
available to you may differ depending on the jurisdiction in which you live as well as
the particulars of your own particular situation. It is always a good idea to consult
with an experienced advocate in order to investigate your choices and identify the
course of action that is most appropriate for your predicament.
The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, the Special Marriage Act of 1954, the Indian
Divorce Act of 1869, and the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937
are the pieces of legislation in India that regulate the rules pertaining to divorce.

The Hindu Marriage Act was passed in 1955, and it was applicable to Sikhs,
Buddhists, and Jains as well. According to the provisions of this act, a divorce can be
obtained in one of two ways:
Divorce by Mutual Consent is a type of divorce in which both parties consent to end
the marriage and then submit a combined petition with the court requesting that they
be divorced. Before the divorce can be granted by the judge, they are required to wait
a length of time equal to six months.

Contested Divorce: If one party is unwilling to grant the divorce, the other party can
file for a contested divorce based on the reasons of brutality, adultery, desertion,
conversion, unsoundness of mind, or a communicable illness. If one party is unwilling
to grant the divorce, the other party can file for a contested divorce.
The legal framework governing divorce in India

The special Marriage Act of 1954 states that this law must be followed by all
residents of India, regardless of their religious beliefs. This act makes it possible for a
couple to end their marriage for a variety of reasons, including mutual agreement,
infidelity, brutality, abandonment, conversion, unsoundness of mind, or the presence
of a communicable disease.

The Indian Divorce Act of 1869 allows for a divorce to be granted to Christians on
the grounds of adultery, brutality, desertion, conversion, unsoundness of mind, or the
presence of a communicable illness. This act only pertains to Christians.

Act Relating to the Application of Muslim Personal Law (Sharia), 1937: The Islamic
procedures of Talaq, Khula, and Mubarat can all be used to separate a spouse in a
Muslim couple's marriage. A talaq divorce is an example of a unilateral divorce, in
which the husband has the authority to end the marriage even if the woman disagrees.
The term "Khula" refers to a divorce that is initiated by the woman, while "Mubarat"
refers to a divorce that is initiated mutually by both parties.

Before initiating the divorce process, the couple in question is required to make every
effort to work through their issues with the assistance of a professional counsellor. In
India, the procedure of getting a divorce can be a lengthy and difficult one, so it is
strongly recommended that you obtain the assistance of a lawyer.

India's recently revised divorce rules

As of the end of my research in September 2021, I was unable to find any evidence of
newly passed legislation in India pertaining to divorce. On the other hand, there have
been discussions about modifying the laws that are currently in place in order to
simplify and expedite the divorce procedure.

In its report that was published in July 2021, the Law Commission of India suggested
modifying the Hindu Marriage Act, which was passed in 1955, as well as the Special
Marriage Act, which was passed in 1954, in order to streamline the procedure for
getting a divorce. The report recommended the establishment of a provision that
would allow for a cooling-off period of thirty days to pass after the initial divorce
petition is approved, during which time the parties would be able to revaluate their
decision. In addition to this recommendation, the report suggested giving judges the
authority to award an interim maintenance order to the partner who is in a worse
financial position while the divorce case is still pending.

In addition, there have been conversations about the possibility of introducing a

uniform civil code in India, which would supplant the various personal laws that are
currently practised by the country's numerous religions and communities. The new
 code would establish a singular body of legislation applicable to all citizens,
regardless of their religious affiliation or community background. On the other hand,
it is currently unknown whether or not this suggested unified civil code will
eventually be put into effect and when this will occur.

Before a new law or a modification to an existing law can be put into action in India,
it is necessary for both to go through the legislative procedure and receive approval
from the Indian Parliament. This is an essential requirement that must be met before
the new law can take effect.

1.4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

“Divorce in India: Emerging Issues and Challenges" by Mahesh Sharma and Divya Bansal
(2016): This article examines the changing attitudes towards divorce in India, particularly
among the younger generation. It also discusses the legal framework for divorce in India and
the challenges faced by women seeking divorce.
"The Politics of Marriage and Divorce in Contemporary India" by Patricia Uberoi (2013):
This book examines the cultural and political factors that shape attitudes towards marriage
and divorce in India. It explores the tension between traditional values and modern ideas
about individual rights and freedoms, and the role of the state in regulating marriage and
divorce.
"Divorce, Law and Gender: A Study of Muslim Women in India" by Flavia Agnes (1999):
This book focuses on the experiences of Muslim women seeking divorce in India. It analyses
the legal framework for divorce under Islamic law and the challenges faced by women in
accessing legal remedies.
"Divorce and Remarriage in India: Changing Patterns and Determinants" by Ravinder Kaur
and Rajni Palriwala (1998): This study examines the changing patterns of divorce and
remarriage in India, using data from a national survey. The authors find that divorce rates are
increasing, particularly among educated women, but that remarriage rates remain low.
Overall, the literature on divorce in India highlights the complex social, cultural, and legal
factors that shape attitudes towards divorce and the experiences of those seeking it.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) Effects of Divorce on a child’s social development?
2) Factors promoting higher divorce rates?
3) What are the positive and negative consequences of divorce on a child?

1.6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

 To understand the impact of divorce on children's emotional and psychological well-being.
To identify risk and protective factors that may influence how divorce affects children.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Scope:
1. Divorce is a legal procedure that allows a married couple to end their marriage legally and
permanently.
2. Divorce laws in India apply to all citizens of India, regardless of their religion.
3. Under the Hindu Marriage Act, a couple can seek a divorce on the grounds of adultery,
cruelty, desertion, mental disorder, and chronic disease.
4. Under the Indian Divorce Act, a couple can seek a divorce on the grounds of adultery,
cruelty, desertion, conversion to another religion, unsoundness of mind, and venereal disease.
5. Divorce can be initiated by either spouse, but there are different procedures for filing a
divorce petition depending on the grounds of divorce and the religion of the parties involved.

Limitations: -

1. Divorce is not easily granted in India, and the procedure can be lengthy and complicated,
especially if the parties involved do not agree on the terms of the divorce.
2. There are certain limitations to filing for divorce based on the grounds of divorce, and
certain requirements must be met in order to file a divorce petition.
3. In some cases, divorce may not be granted if the couple has not been separated for a
certain period of time or if they have not attempted to reconcile their differences.
4. In cases where children are involved, divorce can be even more complex, and custody and
visitation rights must be determined.
5. In some cases, religious laws may also apply, which can further complicate the divorce
process.
Overall, while a divorce is a legal option in India, it is not an easy or straightforward process,
and there are limitations and complexities that must be taken into account.

1.8 METHODOLOGY
The work is written using both a descriptive and analytical approach. Both primary and
secondary data are used in the investigation. case laws are some of the primary sources this
essay cites. The publications and journals that have been used as secondary sources for this
paper comprise a variety of them. To answer the research questions, all the data that was
acquired has been carefully examined analytically. The descriptive research approach is
employed to gather data regarding the existing situation in relation to the study problem. The
research problem is rigorously examined in this work using analytical research techniques.

2. CHAPTER II

Effects of divorce on a child's social development.

Divorce can have a significant impact on children's social development, and there is a vast
body of research on this topic. Here are some potential avenues of exploration for your
research:
Social withdrawal: Divorce can cause children to become socially withdrawn and isolated,
leading to difficulty forming new relationships and developing social skills.
Emotional instability: Children of divorced parents may experience emotional instability,
such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which can negatively impact their social
development.
Family conflict: Divorce can lead to ongoing family conflict, which can interfere with a
child's social development by creating tension and stress in their home environment.
Change in living situation: Following a divorce, children may experience a change in living
situation, such as moving to a new home or changing schools, which can disrupt their social
connections and lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation.

Parental conflict: High levels of conflict between parents during and after a divorce can
interfere with a child's social development by creating tension and stress in their relationships
with both parents.
These are just a few potential areas of exploration for your research. There are many other
factors to consider, such as age, gender, and temperament of the child, the quality of the
parent-child relationship, and the level of support available to the child following the divorce.

3. CHAPTER III

3.1 Factors promoting higher divorce rates

According to research, between 60% and 65% of second marriages will end in divorce and
between 40% and 50% of all first marriages will end in divorce or irreversible split.
Although divorce has always existed in American culture, it has increased in frequency over
the past 50 years. Divorce has become a lot simpler as a result of legal changes. The 1970s
and the first part of the 1980s saw the greatest divorce rates ever observed. Since then, the
number of divorces has dropped, but it is still significant.
Divorce is the formal end of the marriage. The thoughts and beliefs towards the marriage
structure keep changing with time. According to the demands of the moment, India's divorce
laws are also altered. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the new rules for divorce in
India in 2022-2023. In the earlier days of India, there used to be very few cases of divorce.
However, it has been noticed that people's perspectives have evolved over time.
If the partners today feel that their marriage cannot survive, they will not delay filing for
divorce. The courts make rules to settle divorce cases and to provide justice to both parties.
This article will guide you in understanding the changes in rules for divorce.
In the United States, divorce and permanent separation are prevalent, with almost half of all
marriages coming to an end. Couples who have a strong commitment to each other are more
likely to stay together. While divorce may be necessary in some cases, many couples who
have gone through it later regret not putting in more effort to save their marriage. There are
various factors that increase the likelihood of divorce, and it may be useful to be aware of
some of the statistics and research findings. Studies suggest that between 40% and 50% of all
first marriages will end in divorce or permanent separation, and the rate is even higher for
second marriages, at around 60% to 65%. Divorce has become more common in recent
decades due to changes in laws that have made it easier to obtain. Although the divorce rate
has decreased since the 1970s and 1980s, it remains high.

Common reasons
The idea of marriage is lovely, but it has a high cost. Maintaining the sanctity of any
relationship is difficult unless both parties are willing to put in the effort. This reluctance and
callousness frequently cause divorce, which can be brutal. There are many explanations given
for why divorce rates have increased significantly in recent years. Here is a summary of some
of the most prevalent causes of why marriages come to an end.

variables that increase the likelihood of a divorce

Young age at marriage, low levels of education and income, cohabitation prior to marriage,
pregnancy outside of wedlock, lack of religious affiliation, parental divorce, and insecurity
are all factors that have been found to increase the likelihood of divorce.
Early in life. Divorce rates are highest for newlyweds, and they are highest for those who
married at a youthful age.
Reduced learning. Divorce rates are lower among those who have completed some college
schooling compared to those who have not completed high school.
Earnings drop. Having even a small salary can reduce the strain on a marriage which can
lead to separation or divorce.
Cohabitation prior to marriage. There is some evidence that married couples who lived
together before getting engaged have a higher divorce rate. This is especially true for those
who have lived with more than one spouse before getting married. The conventional wisdom
holds that engaged couples who reside together before their wedding are more likely to have
a successful union than those who do not. They become high risk because of how easily
divorce can be obtained. Some qualifiers should be made about these results, though.
According to the literature, the likelihood of divorce decreases for betrothed couples who
move in together. They're both committed to the union, which makes a breakup less likely.
Having children before getting married. Pregnancy and having children before marriage are
strong predictors of separation and dissolution of the union.
I don't belong to any church. Divorce rates are expected to be lower among religiously
affiliated people than among those with no religious connection.
Parental separation. Unfortunately, your chance of getting divorced increases if both of your
parents do. Your chances of divorcing treble if your partner also went through it with their
parents. This doesn't mean you're doomed to a failed marriage, but it does suggest you
should pay closer attention to your patterns if you want to improve them.
Early in life. Divorce rates are highest for newlyweds, and they are highest for those who
married at a youthful age.
Reduced learning. Divorce rates are lower among those who have completed some college
schooling compared to those who have not completed high school.
Earnings drop. Having even a small salary can reduce the strain on a marriage which can
lead to separation or divorce.
Cohabitation prior to marriage. There is some evidence that married couples who lived
together before getting engaged have a higher divorce rate. This is especially true for those
who have lived with more than one spouse before getting married. The conventional wisdom
holds that engaged couples who reside together before their wedding are more likely to have
a successful union than those who do not. They become high risk because of how easily
divorce can be obtained. Some qualifiers should be made about these results, though.
According to the literature, the likelihood of divorce decreases for betrothed couples who
move in together. They're both committed to the union, which makes a breakup less likely.

Having children before getting married. Pregnancy and having children before marriage are
strong predictors of separation and dissolution of the union.
I don't belong to any church. Divorce rates are expected to be lower among religiously
affiliated people than among those with no religious connection.
Parental separation. Unfortunately, your chance of getting divorced increases if both of your
parents do. Your chances of divorcing treble if your partner also went through it with their
parents. This doesn't mean you're doomed to a failed marriage, but it does suggest you
should pay closer attention to your patterns if you want to improve them.
Exist unequivocally justifiable grounds for getting a divorce
Problems such as violence, adultery, or addiction can put a severe strain on any relationship.
There is a need for careful thought in each of these cases:

Abuse

Not surprisingly, research shows that divorce is typically best for everyone involved
when there is a history of violence in a union or family. Some partners can stop the
abuse and move on, but it's typically best for everyone involved if the union ends.
However, it can be risky to divorce a violent partner. To terminate the relationship
securely, it may be wise to consult a domestic abuse shelter in your area.

Infidelity

Most Americans believe they would divorce their partner if they caught them
cheating. Half to two-thirds of married people who experience adultery go on to
remain together.
Infidelity in a marriage can be devastating, but there is hope: Getting Past the Affair:
A Program to Help You Cope, Heal, and Move On—Together or Apart is a helpful
guide that outlines a path to healing and moving on.
If you decide to work on your marriage instead of ending it, it may be helpful to seek
guidance from a professional counsellor or a faith leader who specialises in marital
counselling. Without assistance, moving past cheating can feel like an uphill battle.

Addictions

Alcohol, narcotics, gaming, and even pornography are just some of the things that can
lead to dependency.
If you or your partner are struggling with substance abuse, support groups like
Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous may be able to assist.
The addict's recovery may allow the couple to mend their relationship. Sometimes,
the addict's family is best served by being given space to try and foster change.
Because of this, it is up to each individual to determine the best course of action. If
you need guidance figuring out how to proceed, it may be time to consult a
knowledgeable friend, family member, or faith leader.
Factors which give rise to higher divorce rates in India
India has traditionally been a country where divorce is strongly stigmatized, and marriages
are considered to be a lifelong commitment. However, in recent years, divorce rates in India
have been steadily increasing. Here are some factors that could be contributing to this trend:

1. Changing social norms: With the spread of education, urbanization, and exposure to
Western culture, social norms around marriage and divorce are changing in India. Younger
generations are increasingly questioning traditional values and beliefs, including the idea that
marriage is a lifelong commitment.
2. Economic independence: As more women enter the workforce and become economically
independent, they are less likely to stay in unhappy marriages. They may also have higher
expectations for their partners and relationships, and be less willing to tolerate abuse or
neglect.
3. Domestic violence: Domestic violence is a serious problem in India, and it can be a major
factor in divorce. Women who are victims of violence may feel they have no choice but to
leave their marriages, even if they face social stigma and economic hardship as a result.
4. Infidelity: Adultery can also be a factor in divorce in India, although it is still relatively
rare compared to other countries. However, as attitudes toward sex and relationships become
more liberal, infidelity may become more common as well.
5. Legal changes: In recent years, the Indian government has made it easier for couples to
obtain a divorce through legislation such as the Hindu Marriage Act and the Special Marriage
Act. This has made divorce more accessible to people who may have previously been unable
to obtain it due to social or legal barriers.

Overall, the factors promoting higher divorce rates in India are complex and multifaceted. As
the country continues to modernize and evolve, it is likely that divorce rates will continue to
rise, although it remains to be seen how this will impact Indian society and culture in the long
term.

4. CHAPTER IV

4.1 Positive and negative effects of divorce on children

Children are the foundation upon which civilization is built, contributing to the growth and
prosperity of an economy while also meeting the ever-increasing demand for trained
labourers. In today's modern culture, divorce has evolved into an everyday part of most
people's existence. Divorce is becoming increasingly common among married couples in
today's society for a variety of factors, including differences in religious beliefs, marital
strife, and life circumstances in general. The majority of divorces involve children who are
still young and have little to no idea how to deal with the circumstance. This is the case in the
vast majority of cases. While it is true that divorce is not typically a positive event, it is
possible for it to have a silver lining in cases where both parents are content with the
arrangement and the children are well cared for. Nevertheless, the separation of both
individuals can have beneficial effects, although it is more likely to have detrimental and
negative effects on children. Nevertheless, these benefits are possible. 1

1
^\ [1] [\ [2\]] (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/21st-century-childhood/202208/the-impact-
divorce-children)
Divorce can have both positive and negative consequences on a child. Negative effects
include increased risk of poor academic performance, trouble with authority figures, trouble
getting along with peers, depression, low self-esteem, emotional distress, and risky behaviour
like drug use. Children of divorced parents may also experience more externalizing problems,
such as conduct disorders, delinquency, and impulsive behaviour than kids from two-parent
families.2
However, there are also positive impacts of divorce on children. For example, the historically
"less involved parent" often steps up his or her involvement with the children. Whenever
possible, having both parents genuinely involved in a child's life is the ideal situation. Two
parents in a child's life create more opportunities for that child to develop his or her
attachment skills.3
It is important to note that the effects of divorce on children can vary widely depending on
the specific circumstances of the divorce and the child's individual temperament and coping
skills. It is crucial for parents to provide emotional support for their children during and after
the divorce process. Counselling or therapy may also be helpful for children and their
families.4
Nevertheless, there are a number of ways in which children can benefit from or be pleasantly
affected by a divorce, and some of these methods include the following:

THE END OF ABUSE It is a sad reality that some parents are violent not only to their
children but also to one another and their children. It is abundantly clear that removing
children from such hazardous surroundings is of immense benefit to them in a variety of
ways.
LESS STRESSED The atmosphere in the home of a couple that is on the verge of splitting up
is typically one that is fraught with anxiety. No matter how amicable the parents who are
going through a divorce may try to be to one another, the children of the couple are aware
that something is not quite right. Children experience a greater sense of calmness and ease
when the anxiety in their homes is reduced. In a manner not dissimilar to that of barometers,
the level of anxiety in the atmosphere of their houses was frequently mirrored in the
behaviours of the children living there. As soon as the separation takes place, the high level
of anxiety that was previously present in the surroundings begins to lessen, and the children's
behaviours become less tense.
MORE RESILIENT AND ADAPTABLE
Children whose parents divorced as they were growing up are forced to develop coping
strategies that children whose parents did not divorce do not encounter until years later if
2
[2\]] (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/21st-century-childhood/202208/the-impact-divorce-
children)

3
[3\]] (https://www.verywellfamily.com/psychological-effects-of-divorce-on-kids-4140170)

4
[4\]] (https://www.custodyxchange.com/topics/divorce/divorce-effects-on-children.php)
they experience them at all. This forces child of divorced spouses to be more resilient and
adaptable. In addition, children whose parents have separated develop a greater capacity for
adaptability to various lifestyle circumstances. They are able to make the transition between
living at their mothers and their father's residence on a routine basis. It's possible that each of
their parent's houses has a unique set of norms, regulations, and expectations for their
children. Children whose parents have divorced are forced into a circumstance in which they
must develop coping strategies to cope with changes in both the physical and psychological
space in their home as well as in the rules that govern it.
EMPATHY.
Some children of separated parents develop a greater capacity for empathy as a result of the
changes that occur within their families as a result of the breakup of their parents. The
children of separated parents are able to empathise with the struggles that their friends are
going through in their families.
SELF-SUFFICIENCY.
After a divorce, both of a child's parents typically return to the workforce full-time. Children
tend to develop a greater sense of independence when they are subjected to conditions like
these. It's not uncommon for children whose parents have split up to come home from school
or after-school activities earlier than their parents do from work. They acquire the skills
necessary to "fend for themselves." In many cases, they begin to do duties, prepare their own
meals, or otherwise contribute more in other ways around the house than their classmates
whose parents have not divorced.
When a parent who has been through a divorce demonstrates to their children that they
deserve to be in a relationship that gives them support and satisfaction, they are teaching their
children that they should not accept an unhealthy or miserable marriage. The majority of
separated parents ultimately enter into new relationships after their initial separation. As a
consequence of this, children get the opportunity to see their parents’ content on their own or
with a new companion, both of which present wonderful opportunities for the children to
learn from positive role models. Children whose parents have separated can gain something
beneficial from witnessing their parents' newfound independence or new positive
relationships with others. In either case, toddlers stand to gain a great deal from exposure to
this sort of modelling.
BETTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN
Children of separated parents who have divided custody or timesharing have the opportunity
to experience both of their parents in the role of a complete and self-assured parent. Many
times, even in families in which the parents have not separated, one or both of the parents is
simply "present." This means that they are physically present, but they do not engage in
significant conversation or activity with their children. When both parents are present, one of
them typically assumes the primary role of caring for the child or performing parental duties.
Following the conclusion of a divorce, children will have the opportunity to spend visitation
or timesharing with each of their parents, and during those moments, each parent will
concentrate their full attention on the children. Due to the fact that they spend a significant
amount of time with both sets of parents, they are in a better position than their classmates
whose parents are not separated to gain a more profound understanding of their parents.
CHILDREN OF DIVORCED PARENTS HAVE A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE STABILITY OF THE MARRIAGE AND ARE LIKELY TO HAVE
MORE CONSCIOUS THOUGHTS
Because they have seen the effects of the divorce on their parents and on their subsequent
lifestyles, children of divorced parents have a deeper understanding of the importance of the
ideal of marriage and are likely to have more conscientious thoughts. Children whose
parents have separated gain an appreciation for the value of delaying commitments to others
until they have more information.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLOSER RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR BROTHERS AND
SISTERS
It's common for children whose parents have divorced to develop closer relationships with
their brothers and sisters. There is no one who understands what they are going through as a
result of their parents' breakup better than their relatives.
IMPROVING ONE'S COMMUNICATION SKILLS
The vast majority of children whose parents have separated wind up splitting their time
between two homes. These children have a responsibility to their parents to develop the skills
necessary to communicate effectively with both of their parents so that their requirements can
be met and their parents' expectations can be fulfilled.
DEVELOPING SKILLS IN TIME MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
For children whose parents have separated, one of the most common sources of frustration is
having to shuttle back and forth between two residences. Children rapidly acquire the ability
to organise both their belongings and their schedules as a direct result of the frequent
movement that occurs between the residences of their parents.
There is a widespread misconception that a child's life can never be affected positively by
their parent’s decision to separate. What is most important to keep in mind is that it is not
always possible for children to grow up in a household with two happy parents who are able
to work together in positive ways to make the marriage last. This is something that is not
always possible, but it is something that is most important to keep in mind. In the event that
both parents are unable to fulfil the responsibilities outlined above, I am of the opinion that it
is in the best interest of the child to have two sets of happy parents in two different homes
rather than one set of happy parents and one set of miserable adults living under the same
roof. Children may benefit from their parent’s decision to divorce.
Children may experience both beneficial and negative impacts as a result of their parents'
divorce. The following are some of the possible consequences:

Beneficial impacts include:

Children who have been witness to the ongoing conflict between their parents may feel a
feeling of satisfaction after the divorce. This is because the conflict between their parents will
be reduced. It's possible that after a divorce, parents will be able to communicate more
clearly with one another and lessen the amount of tension that exists in their children's lives.
enhanced mental health Following the breakup of their parent’s marriage, some children may
find that their mental health has improved. This could be due to a decrease in the number of
fights that occur or the elimination of a difficult household environment.
Children who go through a breakup may develop a greater sense of individuality and the
ability to take on more responsibility as a result of the experience. They might become better
at taking care of themselves and developing more resilient coping strategies as a result.

Consequences unfavourable:
After their parents split up, it's not uncommon for children to go through a variety of negative
feelings, including sadness, anger, and uncertainty. These feelings may become more intense
if the youngster believes that they are being pulled in opposite directions by their parent’s
arguments.
Children whose parents have divorced may have difficulty in school, which can lead to a
general decrease in scholastic achievement. They might have trouble concentrating, or they
might have trouble transitioning when their schedule is altered.
uncertainty in one's financial situation: Divorce can frequently contribute to uncertainty in
one's financial situation for both parents, which can have an effect on the child's standard of
living. The impacts of this financial pressure may be felt by the children, either in the form of
a reduction in the number of luxuries available to them or in the requirement that they
relocate to a new residence or school.
It is essential to keep in mind that every child is distinct and may react to the effects of their
parents' divorce in their own particular manner. The effects of divorce on children can range
widely depending on a number of different variables, such as the age of the child, the
relationship that they have with their parents, and the circumstances that surround the
divorce. It is essential for parents to be conscious of these potential effects and to take
measures to lessen the likelihood that their children will experience any adverse effects.
During this period of change, it may be beneficial for both parents and children to seek the
assistance of a therapist or counsellor.

5. CONCLUSION
A challenging and frequently agonising experience, divorce can have significant
repercussions not only for the parties involved but also for their children, extended
families, and society as a whole. Divorce may be the best choice for some couples,
but it also has the potential to bring about undesirable outcomes, such as mental
anguish, financial hardship, and unfavourable effects on the children of the
partnership.

According to the findings of some studies, children whose parents got a divorce were
more likely to have poor scholastic performance, behavioural issues, and an increased
chance of having mental health problems. However, it is essential to keep in mind that
not all children are impacted by divorce in the same way, and that the degree to which
 they are affected can be influenced by a wide range of variables, including the child's
age as well as the level of tension that exists between the child's parents.
Divorce can have a significant effect not only on the physical health but also on the
emotional health and well-being of the parties concerned. Grief, melancholy, anxiety,
and a sense of one's identity being lost are all emotions that can be experienced by
adults. Stress and tension can also be caused by problems of a financial nature, such
as the need to support two residences and the division of assets.

In summary, divorce is a complicated topic that can have repercussions that are felt
deeply across individuals, families, and the larger community. It is essential for
couples to consider the potential consequences and seek support and direction
throughout the process, even though it may be unavoidable in some situations. It is
also essential for society to provide resources and support to individuals and families
going through a divorce in order to lessen the negative impacts, encourage healing
and development, and minimise the damage that can be caused by divorce.
The effects of a divorce on children can vary significantly depending on a variety of
variables including the age of the child, the degree of conflict between the parents, the
quality of parenting after the divorce, and the amount of support that is accessible to
the child. However, there is evidence to indicate that children whose parents have
divorced may be at an increased risk for a variety of unfavourable outcomes, such as
emotional and behavioural issues, scholastic difficulties, and relationship problems.

It is essential to keep in mind, however, that not all children of divorce go on to

experience these unfavourable outcomes, and a significant number of them are able to
adjust to their new circumstances and flourish in spite of the difficulties they may
encounter. In addition, there are actions that parents can take to lessen the impact of
their breakup on their children, such as establishing and adhering to protocols that are
consistent with parenting and offering emotional support.
In the end, divorce is a complicated problem that can have a variety of different
effects on children. The best way for parents to lessen the severity of these effects is
for them to make their children's wellbeing their top priority throughout the process of
divorcing.

6. REFERENCES
 Amato, P.R. (in press). "Lifespan Adjustment of Children to their Parents’ Divorces".
Future of Children.
 Arditti, J.A. (1992). "Factors Related to Custody, Visitation, and Child Support for
Divorced Fathers: An Exploratory Analysis". Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 17
(3/4), 23-42.
 Bahr, S.J., Howe, J.D., Mann, M.M., and M. Bahr. (1994). "Trends in Child Custody
Awards: Has the Removal of Maternal Preference Made a Difference". Family Law
Quarterly. 28 (2), 247-267.
 Barber, B.L. and J.S. Eccles. (1992). "Long-term Influence of Divorce and Single
Parenting on Adolescent Family- and Work-related Values, Behaviours, and
Aspirations". Psychological Bulletin, 111 (1), 108-126.
 Bishop, S. and G.Ingersoll. (1989). "Effects of Marital Conflict and Family Structure
on the Self-Concept of Pre- and Early Adolescents". Journal of Youth and
Adolescence, 18 (1), 25-38

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