User Manual

Free & Forced Convection Phenomena Training

System
1.Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Trainer Overview ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Theoretical Background.................................................................................................................. 3

2.User Manual Symbols ...................................................................................................................... 9

3.Components of the Training System ............................................................................................... 10
3.2 Components of the Operation Panel ............................................................................................ 12
4.Technical Data ............................................................................................................................... 14
5.Software Operation Steps .............................................................................................................. 15
5.1 Manual Mode .............................................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Software Mode ............................................................................................................................ 17
6.Experiments ................................................................................................................................... 18
6.1 Experiment Objectives ................................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Experiment (1): Energy Balance of Free Convection ...................................................................... 19
6.3 Experiment (2): Energy Balance of Forced Convection .................................................................. 23
6.4 Experiment (3): Temperature Layering Out at Heated Surface ...................................................... 27
6.5 Experiment (4): Coefficient of Heat Free/Forced Convection ........................................................ 30
6.6 Experiment (5): Reynold’s Number ............................................................................................... 33
6.7 Experiment (6): Nusselt Number .................................................................................................. 36
𝑄̇

𝑸̇ = 𝒎̇ × 𝒄𝒑𝑳 × ∆𝑻
𝑚̇
𝒎̇ = 𝒘 × 𝑨 × 𝝆𝑨𝒊𝒓

𝜌𝐴𝑖𝑟

∆𝑇
 𝑐𝑝𝐿

𝑻𝒊𝒏 + 𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑻𝑴 =
𝟐

𝑃𝑒𝑙
η

𝑷𝒆𝒍 × 𝜼 = 𝑸̇
η
𝑸̇
𝜼=
𝑷𝒆𝒍

𝑸̇ = 𝑨𝒔 × 𝒉 × 𝑻𝒎

𝑇𝑚
 (𝑻𝑶𝑰𝒏 − 𝑻𝑳𝑰𝒏 ) − (𝑻𝑶𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝑳𝒐𝒖𝒕 )
𝑻𝒎 =
(𝑻𝑶𝑰𝒏 − 𝑻𝑳𝑰𝒏 )
𝑳𝒏
(𝑻𝑶𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝑳𝒐𝒖𝒕 )
𝑇𝑂
𝑇𝐿

(𝑻𝑶𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝑳𝑰𝒏 )
𝑻𝒎 =
(𝑻𝑶𝑰𝒏 − 𝑻𝑳𝑰𝒏 )
𝑳𝒏
(𝑻𝑶𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝑳𝒐𝒖𝒕 )

•
•
 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 1 𝑡𝑜 5 × 105

𝑽 ×𝒍
𝑹𝒆 = , 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒕 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝒗

𝑽 ×𝒅
𝑹𝒆 = , 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒔 (𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆 𝒃𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒆)
𝒗

𝑉
 𝝅
𝒉 ×𝒍 𝒉 × ×𝒅
𝑵𝒖 = , 𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆𝒔: 𝑵𝒖 = 𝟐
𝒌 𝒌
𝑘

𝑵𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟒 × 𝑹𝒆𝟎.𝟓 × 𝑷𝒓𝟎.𝟑𝟑

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𝑸̇ = 𝒎̇ × 𝒄𝒑𝑳 × ∆𝑻 (𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕)
𝑄̇
𝑚̇
𝑐𝑝𝐿
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 =
𝟐

𝑐𝑝𝐿
∆𝑇
∆𝑻 = 𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑚̇
𝒎̇ = 𝑽 × 𝑨 × 𝝆𝑨𝒊𝒓

𝑨
𝜌𝐴𝑖𝑟
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
 ρ

𝑸
𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 = %
𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
•
•
•
 𝑸̇ = 𝒎̇ × 𝒄𝒑𝑳 × ∆𝑻 (𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕)

𝑄̇
𝑚̇
𝑐𝑝𝐿
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 =
𝟐
 𝑐𝑝𝐿
∆𝑇
∆𝑻 = 𝑻𝒊𝒏 − 𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑚̇
𝒎̇ = 𝑽 × 𝑨 × 𝝆𝑨𝒊𝒓

𝜌𝐴𝑖𝑟
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑸
𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 = %
𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
℃
℃
 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
 𝑸 = 𝑨𝒔 × 𝒉 × ∆𝑻𝑳𝑴

𝐴𝑠
𝑨𝒔𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝑭𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝑷𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟗 𝒎𝟐
ℎ
∆𝑇𝐿𝑀
𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑻𝒊𝒏
∆𝑻𝑳𝑴 =
𝑻 − 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝐥𝐧 ( 𝟏 )
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕
∆𝑇𝐿𝑀
𝐴𝑠
ℎ

℃
℃

𝒉
 𝑽 ×𝑳
𝑹𝒆 =
𝒗

𝑳𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖 𝒎
𝑳𝑭𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝒎
𝑳𝑷𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒎
𝑣
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

•
 ℃
℃

𝒉
𝑹𝒆

𝟏𝟎𝟔
 𝒉 × 𝑳𝒄
𝑵𝒖 =
𝑲

ℎ
𝐿𝑐
𝝅
𝑳𝒄𝒑𝒊𝒏 = × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝟐
𝑳𝒄𝑭𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏
𝑳𝒄𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖

𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
 ℃
℃

𝒉
𝑹𝒆
𝑵𝒖
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒖

𝑵𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟒 × 𝑹𝒆𝟎.𝟓 × 𝑷𝒓𝟎.𝟑𝟑

𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
λ η ν α
 th th
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