CE 311: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN I

Lecture 8: Seismic Load Calculation

NAZRUL ISLAM, PHD

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DHAKA, BANGLADESH

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EARTHQUAKE EVENTS

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EARTHQUAKE EVENT – 2011 TOHOKU EQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nTlgtf7TME

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EARTHQUAKE EVENT – 2011 TOHOKU EQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PJxUPvz9Oo

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EARTHQUAKE EVENT – 2011 TOHOKU EQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yaa9-bTeIso

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EARTHQUAKE EFFECT

1971 San
Francisco
EQ

Soft-storey

1985 Mexico EQ

Pounding Effect

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INTEGRATION CHART
 Fundamentals
 Main Consideration: Strength,
Economy, Probability
 Purpose of seismic design is to
proportion structures so that
they can withstand the
displacements and the forces
induced by the ground motion
 Ground motion: Horizontal
component vs vertical
 Important design parameter:
Frequency characteristic and
Duration of earthquake

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INTEGRATION CHART
 Fundamentals
 Elastic Behavior for a major
earthquake requires to undergo
large displacements
 A fraction of the associated force
for design
 Low design force
 Large displacements  Two options for designers:
 Inelastic design-nonlinear  Stiffness and strength to
behavior limit the response in the
 Increased displacements elastic range
 Significant ductility in the  Withstand large inelastic
joints deformation-(lower initial
cost)
 Allow nonstructural
damage
 No collapse

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INTEGRATION CHART
 Fundamentals
 Desirable Behavior of EQ
Resisting Structures
 Ability to withstand high
lateral forces is not required
 Building designed with small
seismic forces but having high
flexibility and energy
absorbing mechanism will
perform better than a building
designed with a very high
lateral force but with little
flexibility
 Aim to ensure maximum
energy dissipation and proper
detailing of the joints

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INTEGRATION CHART
 Fundamentals
 Goal of earthquake design (safety
consideration)
 Moderate EQ without damage
 Severe EQ without collapse
 Modification in the ASCE 7

 Codes for Seismic Load

Calculation:
 BNBC 1993
 BNBC 2017
 ASCE7-16
 IBC2015

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 Fundamentals
𝐹 𝑚𝑎 𝑉 𝑆 𝑊
V=Base Shear
W=Seismic Dead Load

Z=Zone Coefficient
𝑉 𝑍𝐶𝑊
I=Importance Coeff.
𝑉 𝑍𝐼𝐶𝑊
R=Response Mod. Factor
𝑍𝐼𝐶
𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

(BNBC 1993/ UBC1994)

Force at Shear at
each level each level

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
 Methods
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Equivalent Static Force Method 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅
 Dynamic Response Method
 Response Spectrum
 Time History Analysis

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
 Methods
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Equivalent Static Force Method 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅
 Dynamic Response Method
 Response Spectrum
 Time History Analysis

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Seismic Dead Load, W: 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
 Seismic Zone Coefficient, Z:
 Related to PGA

𝑍𝐼𝐶
𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 2017 (Art 2.5)
 Seismic Zone Coefficient, Z:
 Related to PGA

𝑉 𝑆 𝑊

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Structure Importance Coefficient, I: 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Numerical Coefficient, C: 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Numerical Coefficient, C: 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
𝑍𝐼𝐶
 Response Modification Factor, R: 𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/15226023/

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5)
 Response Modification
Factor, R:

𝑍𝐼𝐶
𝑉 𝑊
𝑅

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 BNBC 1993 (Art 2.5) 𝑍𝐼𝐶
𝑉 𝑊
 Vertical Distribution of Lateral Forces 𝑅

Force at Shear at
each level each level

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 Following topics are not covered
 Structural irregularity
 Dynamic analysis for EQ load calculation
 Drift Provision
 Learn yourself or in higher studies
 Learn EQ load provisions of BNBC 2017 and implement after it becomes
published.

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION
 Exercises: Calculate the earthquake base shear and shear force distribution
at each level of an 8 storied office building (steel) in Dhaka. Given, structural
system is SMRF, each storey height is 4 m, soil type is S4. Plan dimension is
30 X 20 m. Dead load and partition wall load = 15 kN/m2.

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EARTHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATION

THANK YOU

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