Generic Name Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Management

Action
• Azithromycin Azithromycin Azithromycin Person with low • Diarrhea • Administration:
binds to the 23S should be used amount of magnesium • Loose stool -Administer azithromycin as prescribed by the healthcare
rRNA of the only to treat or in the blood. Person • Abdominal provider, ensuring the correct dosage, route, and frequency.
Brand Name
bacterial 50S prevent infections with low amount of Pain -For oral suspension, use an appropriate measuring device
• ribosomal subunit. that are proven or potassium in the • Nausea to ensure accurate dosage.
It stops bacterial strongly suspected blood. Person with -Perform the proper administration technique and timing of
Classification
protein synthesis to be caused by myasthenia gravis, a doses.
• Macrolide by inhibiting the susceptible skeletal muscle
• Antibiotics transpeptidation bacteria in order disorder. • Assessment:
n/translocation step to prevent the -Assess the child's medical history, including any known
of protein synthesis development allergies or previous adverse reactions to azithromycin or
Actual Dosage
and by inhibiting antimicrobial other macrolide antibiotics.
the assembly of resistance and -Monitor the child for any signs of allergic reactions, such
• PO 200mg
the50S Ribosomal maintain the as rash, itching, or swelling.
Once a day for five
efficacy of
days Subunit This
azithromycin. • Education:
results in the
control for -Educate mother about the importance of completing the
bacterial full course of azithromycin as prescribed, even if the child's
ribosomes, is symptoms improve.
consistent with -Advise mother to report any new or worsening symptoms
their broad to the healthcare provider.
spectrum -Instruct mother on proper storage and handling of
azithromycin.
antibacterial
activities
• Monitoring:
-Monitor the child for any signs of adverse effects,
particularly gastrointestinal disturbances and allergic
reactions, and report them to the healthcare provider.
-Assess the child's response to azithromycin therapy,
including improvement in respiratory symptoms and
resolution of fever.
Generic Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Management
• Salbutamol -Ipratropium is a Management Hypersensitivity Significant: • Administration:
+ nonselective of reversible to soya lecithin or -Administer the salbutamol + ipratropium combination
Hypersensitivity
Ipratropium competitive bronchospasm related food as prescribed by the healthcare provider, following the
reactions (e.g.-.
Brand Name antimuscarinic agent. It associated products e.g. specific dosage and frequency.
urticaria,
causes bronchodilation with soybeans or
• angioedema, rash,
by blocking the action obstructive peanuts; and to • Assessment:
Classification anaphylaxis,
of acetylcholine airway any component of -Assess the child's respiratory status, including
•Adrenergic bronchospasm
induced stimulation of diseases (e.g.-. Duaventor to respiratory rate, breath sounds, and oxygen saturation
•Anticholinergic oropharyngeal
guanyl cyclase, hence bronchial atropine and its levels, before and after medication administration.
(Bronchodilator) oedema)
reducing formation of asthma). derivatives. -Monitor for any signs of adverse effects, such as
paradoxical
cyclic guanosine Hypertrophic tremors, nervousness, or throat irritation, and report
Actual Dosage bronchospasm,
monophosphate(cGMP) For patients obstructive them to the healthcare provider.
• Nebulize ocular
at parasympathetic site. with chronic cardiomyopathy -Evaluate the child's response to the medication,
every 6 hours complications (e.g.,
obstructive or including improvement in respiratory symptoms and
Mydriasis, blurred
pulmonary tachyarrhythmia. increased ease of breathing.
-Salbutamol activates vision, narrow-
disease
adenyl cyclase, the angle glaucoma,
(COPD) on a • Education:
enzyme that stimulates eye pain). serious
regular inhaled -Educate mother about the proper administration
the production of cyclic hypokalemia,
bronchodilator technique and usage of the inhalation device.
adenosine-3', 5'- gastrointestinal
who continue -Provide instructions on how to recognize and manage
monophosphate(cAMP). motility
to have potential adverse effects or worsening symptoms.
Increased cAMP leads to disturbances,
evidence of -Advise mother to adhere to the prescribed dosage and
activation of protein rapidly worsening
broncho spasm frequency of administration.
kinase A, which inhibits dyspneic changes,
and who
phosphorylation of lactic acidosis,
require a • Monitoring:
myosin and lowers urinary retention.
second -Monitor the child's vital signs, including heart rate,
intracellular ionic Ca Rarely myocardial
bronchodilator. during and after administration. Regularly assess the
concentrations, resulting ischemia
in smooth muscle child's overall response to the combination therapy.
relaxation
Generic Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Management
Prednisolone Prednisone is Hypercalcemia Hypersensitivity Insomnia, nervousness, • Administration:
biologically inert and associated with to soya lecithin or increased appetite, -Administer prednisolone as prescribed by the healthcare
Brand Name
converted to the cancer. related food indigestion, provider, following the specific dosage, route, and
predominantly products e.g., dizziness/lightheadedness, frequency.
Classification prednisolone in the -Short-term soybeans or headache, hirsutism, -For oral administration, ensure accurate measurement of
• Corticosteroid liver. It decreases management of peanuts; and to hypopigmentation, diabetes the medication using an appropriate measuring device.
(intermediate inflammation by various any component of mellitus, glucose -Administer prednisolone with food or milk to minimize
acting) suppression of inflammatory and Duaventor to intolerance, hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal irritation.
• Glucocorticoid, migration of allergic disorders, atropine and its arthralgia, cataracts,
Hormone polymorphonuclear such as derivatives. glaucoma. epistaxis, • Assessment:
leukocytes and rheumatoid Hypertrophic diaphoresis, Cushing’s -Assess the child's medical history, including any known
reversal of increased arthritis, collagen obstructive syndrome, edema, fractures, allergies or previous adverse reactions to prednisolone or
capillary permeability; diseases (cs. SLE), cardiomyopathy hallucinations, hypertension, other corticosteroids.
Actual Dosage
suppresses the dermatologic or muscle- wasting, -Monitor the child's respiratory status, including
• PO 2.5 ml OD
immune system by diseases (çB. tachyarrhythmia. osteoporosis, pancreatitis, respiratory rate, breath sounds, and oxygen saturation
for five days reducing activity and pemphigus), status pituitary- adrenal axis levels, before and during treatment.
vol of the lymphatic asthmaticus, and suppression, seizures.
system; suppresses autoimmune • Education:
adrenal function at disorders. -Educate mother about the importance of following the
high doses. prescribed dosage and schedule for prednisolone.
Indications and -Hematologic -Advise mother to monitor and report any changes in the
dosage are same as disorders child's mood, behavior, or appetite.
those for Thrombocytopenia -Instruct parents or caregivers about the potential side
prednisolone. purpura, effects of prednisolone and the need for regular
Gathroblastepcnla monitoring.
-Gathroblastepcnla
Ulcerative colitis, • Monitoring:
acute -Monitor the child for any signs of adverse effects, such as
exacerbations of increased weight gain, edema, or mood changes, and report
MS and palliation it immediately to the healthcare provider.
in some leukemias
and lymphomas
Generic Name Mechanism of Action
• Paracetamol Paracetamol.
Called N-acetyl
Brand Name
paraaminophenol
• Tempra
(APAP) or paracetamol,
Classification
is one of the most widely
• Antipyretic,
used overthe- counter
Analgesic analgesic and antipyretic
agents. [ï] Although its
(nonopioid)
exact mechanism of
action remains unclear, it
Actual Dosage
is historically categorized
• PO 1.5ml
along with NSAIDs
PRN
because it inhibits the
cyclooxygenase
(COX) pathways Like
NSAIDs, acetaminophen
has analgesic and
antipyretic properties.
However, studies have
shown that
acetaminophen lacks
peripheral anti-
inflammatory properties.
Acetaminophen may
inhibit the COX pathway in
the central nervous system
but not peripheral tissues.
Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Management
Paracetamol is It is CNS: Headache • Administration:
Analgesic- contraindicated -Administer paracetamol as prescribed by the healthcare
-CV: Chest pain,
antipyretic in with allergy to provider, following the specific dosage, route, and frequency.
dyspnea, myocardial
patients with acetaminophen. It -Use an appropriate measuring device to ensure accurate
damage when doses of
aspirin allergy, should be Use measurement of the medication for oral administration.
5-8 g/day are ingested
hemostatic cautiously with -Provide the proper administration technique and dosage
daily for several
disturbances, impaired hepatic calculation based on the child's weight.
weeks or when doses
bleeding function, chronic
of 4 g/day are ingested
diatheses, alcoholism, • Assessment:
for 1yr
upper GI pregnancy, lactation -Assess the child's medical history, including any known
disease, gouty allergies or previous adverse reactions to paracetamol or other
-GI: Hepatic toxicity
arthritis. Also analgesics.
and failure, jaundice
used for -Monitor the child's temperature and assess the severity of
Common pain before and after medication administration.
-GU: Acute kidney -Monitor for any signs of adverse effects, such as
cold, flu. other
failure, renal tubular gastrointestinal disturbances, and report them to the healthcare
viral and
necrosis provider.
bacterial
-Hematologic:
infections with
Methemoglobinemia • Education:
pain and fever
cyanosis; hemolytic -Educate mother about the proper administration technique,
anemia—hematuria dosage, and frequency of paracetamol.
anura, neutropenia, -Advise mother to monitor and record the child's temperature
leukopenia and report any persistent fever to the healthcare provider.
pancytopenia -Instruct mother on the importance of not exceeding the
thrombocytopenia, recommended dosage or duration of paracetamol treatment.
hypoglycemia
• Monitoring:
-Hypersensitivity -Monitor the child's response to paracetamol therapy,
including reduction in fever and relief of pain.
Rash, fever -Regularly assess the child's overall well-being and document
any changes in symptoms or adverse effects.
 Generic Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Management
• Cetirizine Potent histamine It uses as a It is CNS: Somnolence, • Administration:
(H1) receptor management of contraindicated sedation -Administer cetirizine as prescribed by the healthcare provider,
Brand Name
antagonist; inhibits seasonal and with allergy to any following the specific dosage, route, and frequency.
• histamine release perennial antihistamines, -Use an appropriate measuring device to ensure accurate
-CV: Palpitation,
Classification and eosinophil allergic rhinitis hydroxyzine. Also measurement of the medication for oral administration.
edema
• Antihistamine chemotaxis during Also for Use cautiously with -Perform the proper administration technique and dosage
inflammation, Treatment of narrow-angle calculation based on the child's age or weight.
Actual Dosage leading to reduced chronic, glaucoma stenosing -GI: Nausea,
• DROPS 1ml swelling and idiopathic peptic ulcer, diarrhea,
• Assessment:
PO @HS decreased urticaria serve symptomatic abdominal pain,
-Assess the child's medical history, including any known allergies
inflammatory as a Treatment prostatic constipation
or previous adverse reactions to cetirizine or other antihistamines.
response of year-round hypertrophy, -Monitor the child for any signs of allergic reactions, such as rash,
allergic rhinitis asthmatic attack. -Respiratory: itching, or swelling, and report them to the healthcare provider.
and chronic Bladder neck Bronchospasm -Evaluate the child's response to cetirizine therapy, including
idiopathies obstruction pharyngitis improvement in allergic symptoms and reduction in respiratory
urticaria in pyloroduodenal distress.
infants > 6 mo. obstruction (avoid
use or use with -Other: Fever, • Education:
caution as condition photosensitivity, rash, -Educate mother about the proper administration technique, dosage,
may be exacerbated myalgia, arthralgia, and frequency of cetirizine.
by drug effects); angioedema -Advise mother to monitor and report any changes in the child's
lactation allergic symptoms or any new symptoms that may arise.
-Instruct mother the importance of not exceeding the recommended
dosage or duration of cetirizine treatment.

• Monitoring:
-Monitor the child's overall well-being and document any changes
in symptoms or adverse effects.
-Regularly assess the child's level of alertness and report any
excessive drowsiness or changes in behavior.
-In case of suspected overdose or severe adverse effects, promptly
seek medical attention and inform the healthcare provider