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B10 Wave Optics
B10 Wave Optics
Source of light), Source of Light), Source of Light), d maxima & minima occurs symmetrically.
θ φ
a1 (i) Position of Secondary Maxima in S
(2n − 1)D
2 Ordinary
light transmission axis
β λ S2 ⇒ Xn = λ
TYPES OF INTERFRENCE ∝= = 2a
d d α β BREWSTER’S LAW
(ii) Position of Secondary Minima in
Constructive Interference Destructive Interference nλ D
S1 diffraction:- α Sin θ = nλ ⇒ Xn = This Law state that when
α
• Phase difference → (∆φ) = 2nπ; n = 0,1,2,…… • Phase difference → (∆φ) = (2 n – 1)π, Where n = 1,2,3,… D Diffraction rays light is incident on a
P transparent sustenance
λ λ
• Path difference → ∆X = 2n • Path difference → ∆x = (2n -1) xn at polarising angle QP, the
2 2 reflected light is
T
Resolving Power (R.P) a
O
T • Time Interval → ∆T = (2n – 1) completely plane polarised.
• Time Interval → ∆T = 2n
2 2 Incident plane
µ = tan θP ; θP = Polarising angle.
Resolving Power an optical Instrument is its wavefront
• Resultant Amplitude → A = a1 + a2; if φ = 0,2π, 4π…………2nπ • Resultant Amplitude → A = a1 – a2 ; If φ = π, 3π, 5π …….. (2n – 1)π
ability to distinguish two Closely placed Point.
( )
Lens
2
µ = Refractive Index of medium
( )
Screen
Crest Crest
Resultant (i) The minimum distance to form separate The distance between two secondary
images of two objects. minima formed on two sides of Central
1.22 λ
Partially Polarised
maximum is known as width of
∆Xmin = Central maximum.
2 µ Sin β MALUS' LAW
Trough 2 fλ
W= I2 = K (A Cosθ)2 = K A 2Cos2 θ
Trough Resutant 1 2 µ Sin β α
R.P = = f = focal length of Convex lenses I2 = I2 Cos2 θ; I = int ensity
∆Xmin 1.22 λ
R.P For Telescope α = Slit width Iunpolarised
(i) IPolarised =
Resolving limit of a telescope is Medium (µ) 2
Unpolarised
Star 1 smallest angular separation (dθ) Intensity Polariser
dθ D xmin
Star 2 I0 Analyser
1.22 λ 1 D θ
Polarised
→ dθ = ; (i) R.P = = ; D = Aperture of objective Lens.
D dθ 1.22 λ Transmission Axis I1= I0/2
Incoming
wave Viewing screen I2 = I1cos2θ
Transmission Axis