General wave Properties

Defination
It is disturbance in a medium

It is transmission of movementof
Wavemotion
energy withoutnet
medium through vibration ofparticles

1 Classification of wave in terms of medium

Mechanical wave Electromagnetic Waves

that require a
Waves These donot require
waves a
material medium to travel medium to travel

They cannot travel in vaccum They can travel in both vaccum

and medium
For Water waves waves inropes Foreg Gamma
rays XRays UVrays et
eg
Sesimic waves etc

ofvibration
Direction
2 Classification in terms of energy Transfer
and Vibrations

Transverse Waves Longitudnd waves

crests
rarefragtions

e s
Direction

ofvibration
y
Y Y
compression
troggh
energy transfer energy transfer

Waves in which directionof Waves in which direction

vibration is perpendicular of vibration is parallel
to the direction of energy to the direction ofenergy
transfer transfer
It contains crests and It contains compressions and
troughs rare fractions

Examples Electromagnetic waves water Examples Sound waves seismic PmovesPrima

ripples
Features of the wave
Mm r

A
n
preposition
0
dm

too

1 Displacement Thedistanceof
point on a wave from its mean
a bw 2 consecutive ideal
position SI unit meters m Points such as 2 crests
Amplitude Maximum Displacement
I x a
a x o
of a point on the ware fromthe
mean position same forcrest and a x

my X lamda Symol SIunit m

Frequency Number of waves length 4 Time Period T Time taken

that pass a point per unit to produce one complete were
time f
f
is known as time period
SI unit Hertz
100waves 10s
N wares 3 Is
Wave front Wave speed The distance travelled
a wave form perunit time
by
frost

Yet x
dy
x
I
1
line thatjoins all the fX x xx
Imaginary
crests and trough travelling
y
I
parallel to one another
ed

Ripple tank Experiments• A Device that is used to

observe wave motions of
ripple generated in water

Havefronts
• This setup is reset to
observe r refraction,
election and di raction of
water waves.
Reflection of water wave
It is a change in direction of a wave as they
collide a barrier
Barrier
In case when

a plane is at an

angle of 450
I
ÉÉÉ
The wares
c
I i
Travelling horizontal

I will reflectand travel

vertical

incident

Reflected
i as
 Refraction of Waves
It is change in speed of the wave as they travel
from one depth to another
If refraction is at an angle it will result in bending

Ahmann
Depth decrease 1 Wavelength increase
2 Wave speed increase

immersionism
Depth decrease 1 Wavelength decrease
2 Wavespeed decrease

Frequency remains unchanged

77 In refraction no
change in frequency

Xi X2
I

Deepregion Shallowregion
Refraction at an
angle
Deep Shallow Shallow Deep
t

deep shallow shallow deep

1

i 1
Diffraction Diffraction is spreading out of wave
when they pass an obstruction
narrow ap g
i s
i
D
less gap morespreading more gap less spreading

Diffaction can also occur when they

curve around an
edge
i