Lesson 11:

Earthquake Hazard
Learning Target:

Identify various potential

earthquake hazards
(DRR11/12-If-g-17)
• explain various potential
earthquake hazard
• suggest ways on how to
minimize the effects of
earthquake hazards
• appreciate the value of
preparedness and resilience in
disastrous situations
Earthquake
An earthquake is a natural
phenomenon wherein the
surface of the Earth moves or
vibrates due to a sudden
release of energy that is caused
by the movements of the plates.
Earthquake Hazard
• Include any physical
phenomenon associated with an
earthquake that may affect
human activities.
Earthquake Hazard
Primary Hazard
1. ground shaking
2. ground rupture
3. liquefaction
4. earthquake-induced landslides

Secondary Hazard
1. fire
2. seiche
3. tsunamis
 Most Commonly Used Methods of
Reducing Earthquake Risks

• Developing resistant structures.

• Constructing seismic hazard maps.
• Effective recording and interpretation of ground motion
 Lesson 12:
Natural Signs of an
Impending Tsunami
Learning Target:

Recognize the natural signs

of an impending tsunami
(DRR11/12-If-g-18)
What is Tsunami?

A tsunami is a series of waves

caused by earthquakes or
undersea volcanic eruptions.
Types of Tsunami
Local Tsunamis Far field or Distant Tsunamis
• confined to coasts within a hundred • can travel from 1 to 24 hours before
kilometers from the source reaching the coast of the nearby
• generated by earthquakes and landslide countries.
or pyroclastic flow • These tsunamis mainly coming from the
• can reach the shoreline within 2 to 5 countries bordering Pacific Ocean like
minutes. Chile, Alaska in USA and Japan.

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Natural Signs of an Approaching Tsunami
1 2 3

Unusual Sea Level Rumbling Sound of

A Felt Earthquake Approaching Waves
Change
Tsunami Safety and Preparedness Measures
1. Do not stay in low-lying coastal areas after a felt earthquake. Move to
higher grounds immediately.
2. If unusual sea conditions like rapid lowering of sea level are
observed, immediately move towards high grounds.
3. Never go down the beach to watch for a tsunami. When you see the
wave, you are too close to escape it.
4. During the retreat of sea level, interesting sights are often revealed.
Fishes may be stranded on dry land thereby attracting people to collect
them. Also, sandbars and coral flats may be exposed. These scenes
tempt people to flock to the shoreline thereby increasing the number of
people at risk.
 Lesson 13:
Interpreting Earthquake
Hazard Map
Learning Target:

Interpret different
earthquake hazard maps
(DRR11/12-If-g-20)
 Hazard Map
• Is a map that highlights areas that are affected by or
are vulnerable to a particular hazard.
• It help prevent serious damage and deaths.
• It provides important information to help people
understand disaster and mitigate disasters.
• Hazard maps indicate the extent of expected risk
areas, and can be combined with disaster
management information such as evacuation sites,
evacuation routes, and so forth.
Map Interpretation
• It is the process of looking at
the map for us to be guided to
a direction or place where we
wanted to go using the
different symbols or elements
of the map.
Components of a Map

• Compass Rose
• Title
• Symbols
• Legend
• Color
• Scale
• Grid Reference
Seismic Design Categories