‫اليوم الثاني‬

‫‪-1‬اهم العناصر الحرارية المؤثرة على المبني وطرق حسابها‬

‫‪ -2‬شرح نظام التمدد المباشر(‪)Direct expansion system‬‬
‫‪ -3‬شرح األنظمة الديكورية )‪(Decorative units‬‬
‫‪ -4‬شرح انظمة )‪(Ducted direct expansion systems‬‬
‫‪ -5‬شرح نظام التغيير في تدفق الفريون داخل دائرة التبريد‬
‫)‪(Variable refrigerant flow system,VRF‬‬
‫‪Manual‬‬ ‫‪-1‬اهم العناصر الحرارية المؤثرة على المبني وطرق حسابها‬
‫‪Thermal Load‬‬
‫‪Calculations‬‬
 ‫شبابيك‬

‫الحوائط الداخلية‬
‫خارجية‬
‫االسقف‬

‫الهواء النقي‬
‫مصدر الحرارة‬
‫االشخاص‬

‫االضاءة‬
‫العناصر الحرارية‬
‫داخلية‬
‫األجهزة الكهربائية‬
‫حرارة محسوسة‬
‫نوع الحرارة‬ ‫الحوائط الداخلية‬
‫حرارة كامنه‬
‫نوع مصدر الحرارة‬

‫• الحرارة المحسوسة ‪ :‬الحرارة الالزمة لتغيير درجة‬

‫الحرارة بدون تغير حاله المادة من سائلة الي غازية‬
‫‪Load Type‬‬

‫• الحرارة الكامنة ‪ :‬هي الحرارة الالزمة لتغيير المادة‬

‫من الحالة السائلة الى الحالة الصلبة‬
 ‫مصدر الحمل الحراري‬
‫االشعاع‬
‫بالشمس‬

‫الحمل‬
‫االحمال‬
‫الخارجية‬
‫باالنتقال‬

‫التوصيل‬
‫يتم حسابات االحمال الحرارية بطريقتين‬

‫• الطريقة اليدوية وهي عن طريق‬

‫المعادالت الحسابية‬
‫• عن طريق برامج الكمبيوتر‬
‫المختلفة مثل برنامج الهاب‬
‫الشهير‬
‫‪-2‬نظام التمدد المباشر‬

‫‪Decorative‬‬ ‫‪Ducted‬‬
 Free stand split
3-Decorative Units

High wall split

Cassette unit
Ceiling/Floor split

Outdoor unit
Window unit
Window Units
From Carrier Catalogues

High Wall Split Unit

• 12000 BTU/HR
• 18000 BTU/HR,
• 24000 BTU/HR
• 30000 BTU/HR
• 36000 BTU/HR
From Carrier Catalogues

Cassette Unit
• 36000 BTU/HR
• 48000 BTU/HR
From Carrier Catalogues

Floorstand Unit
• 60000 BTU/HR
 1-Concealed Split
2-Packaged Units
4-Ducted Units 3-Central Split
4-VRF
1-Concealed Split
2-Packaged Units
3-Central Split

• Condensing Unit
• Air Handling Unit
Condensing unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
 • Draw Through
Types of air handling unit • Below Through
based on airflow direction
Main Component
of AHU
Fan (Blower)
Cooling Coil
• Can be DX Coil
• Can be chilled water coil
Filter Sections
• PRE-Filter
• Bag Filter
• Hepa Filter
• Carbon Filter
 • Aluminum Filters (Pre-filters)
Air • Bag Filter (Final Filter)
• HEPA Filters
Filtration • Carbon Filters
Aluminum Filters (Pre-filters)

• Multiple layers of expanded

aluminum, enclosed in a
medium weight aluminum
frame. Designed for air
applications such as make up air
roof top units in light industrial,
commercial, schools, and office
buildings where a lighter weight
washable filter is recommended.
They can also be used as pre
filters, which would remove
large particles that easily clog a
filter. Pre filters keep the main
filter lasting longer and the unit
running more smoothly.
Bag Filter :

• Air filter performance is

measured by dust holding
capacity and efficiency. Greater
dust holding capacity means
longer service life and lower
operating costs. Greater
efficiency means cleaner air and
reduced maintenance costs.
They can made from Synthetic
or Fiberglass.
HEPA Filters :

• HEPA filters are designed to

meet the highest level of
filtration needed in application
such as: pharmaceutical,
hospital, electronic component
manufacturing, aerospace, food
processing and all facilities that
must have HEPA filtration
• Three efficiencies available
from HEPA filters: 99.97% ,
99.99% and 99.999%
Carbon Filters :

• carbon air filters are the filters

most commonly used to remove
gases. They are designed to filter
gases through a bed of activated
carbon (also called activated
charcoal) and are usually used to
combat volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) released from
common household products.
They are also often used to
remove odors from the air, such as
the smell of tobacco smoke. They
cannot remove fine particles like
mold, dust, or pollen from air
5-VRF System
(variable
refrigerant flow )
 • One outdoor unit can be connected to multidoor
units through refrigerant pipe network ( up to 64
indoor unit)
• VRF can control indoor cooling and heating by
What is VRF system adjusting the refrigerant flow and the variable
speed compressors
• Can perform huge energy savings
• Outdoor unit can be placed in indoor rooms
How Outdoor unit
can be placed in
indoor rooms?
What is the difference between traditional
inverter unit and VRF unit?
The traditional inverter unit :
1-An outdoor unit can only be connected to one
indoor unit
2-Limited cooling capacity (only up to 24000
btu/hr)
3-Refrigerant pipe length limitation
4-Low sensible heat load factor
The indoor thermal demand only determined from
indoor temperature
VRF System
1-One outdoor unit can be connected to 64 indoor unit
2-Cooling capacity can be up to 80 HP
3-Refrigerant pipe equivalent length can be up to 1000 m
4-Height difference between indoor and outdoor unit can
be up to 30 m
5-indoor thermal demand can be determined from
different parameters (Ref. temperature, indoor
temperature)
 An outdoor unit can only be
connected to one indoor unit
The
traditional
inverter unit : Limited cooling capacity
The traditional inverter unit :
An outdoor unit can only be connected to one indoor unit

Limited cooling capacity (only up to 36000 btu/hr)

Refrigerant pipe length limitation

Low sensible heat load factor

The indoor thermal demand only determined from indoor temperature

VRF System
One outdoor unit can be connected to 64 indoor unit

Cooling capacity can be up to 80 HP

Refrigerant pipe length can be up to 1000 m

Height difference between indoor and outdoor unit can be up to 30 m

indoor thermal demand can be determined from different parameters (Ref.

temperature, indoor temperature)