EEE/ETI 1202

CIRCUITS & NETWORK THEORY I

LECTURE 9

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 Series Resonance
• An a.c. circuit containing reactive elements (L and C) is said to be in resonance
when the circuit power factor is unity.
• Resonance means to be in step with. When applied voltage and circuit current in
an a.c. circuit are in step with (i.e. phase angle is zero or p.f. is unity), the circuit is
said to be in electrical resonance.
• If this condition exists in a series a.c. circuit, it is called series resonance. On the
other hand, if this condition exists in a parallel a.c. circuit, it is called parallel
resonance. The frequency at which resonance occurs is called resonant frequency
(fr).

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Q-Factor of Series Resonant Circuit

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 Bandwidth of a Series Resonant Circuit
• Bandwidth of the series resonant circuit is
• Bandwidth, BW = Δf = f2 – f1
• Hence bandwidth of a series resonant circuit is the
range of frequencies for which the circuit current is
equal to or greater than 70.7% of the circuit current at
resonance (i.e., Ir).
• Note that f1 and f2 are the limiting frequencies at
which current is exactly equal to 70.7% of the
maximum value. The frequency f1 (i.e., on the lower
side) is called the lower cut off frequency and the
frequency f2 (i.e., on the higher side) is called the
upper cut off frequency. The frequencies f1 and f2
are also called half-power frequencies (or half-power
points) or –3dB frequencies.
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Important Expressions

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 Practice Question
• For the series RLC circuit in Fig below, R = 2 Ω, L = 1mH and C
= 0.4𝜇𝐹. Calculate:
• i. The resonant frequency 𝜔𝑜.
• ii. The half-power frequencies 𝜔1 , 𝜔2.
• iii. The bandwidth, B.
• iv. The quality factor Q.

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Solution

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Solution

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 Practice Questions

• Qn. A series RLC circuit has R = 5 Ω, L = 0.2 H and C = 50 μF. The applied
voltage is 200 V. Find:

• (i) resonant frequency (ii) Q-factor (iii) bandwidth (iv) upper and lower half-power
frequencies (v) current at resonance (vi) current at half-power points (vii) voltage
across inductance at resonance.[50.3Hz; 12.7; 3.98Hz, 52.3Hz; 48.3Hz; 40 A;
28.3A; 2529.9V]

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Solution

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Power Triangle and power factor

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Single-phase parallel a.c. circuits

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 Practice Question
• Qn. 1: A 20 resistor is connected in parallel with an inductance of 2.387 mH
across a 60V, 1 kHz supply. Calculate (a) the current in each branch, (b) the
supply current, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the circuit impedance, and (e)
the power consumed

• Qn. 2: A 30 μF capacitor is connected in parallel with an 80 resistor across a

240V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) the current in each branch, (b) the supply
current, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the circuit impedance, (e) the power
dissipated, and (f ) the apparent power

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Solution

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