2023 -1-

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THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER

2023 Tlaf ;daï n¾

2023
October 2023

meh 1 ñks;;
a = 30

úNd. wxlh (

PAPER - 12

jeo.;a mÍlaIlf.a m%fhdackh i|yd muKs'

 fuu m%Yak m;%h A iy B hkqfjka fldgia fofjks m;%h i|yd

follska iukaú; fõ' fldgia folgu
kshñ; ld,h meh 1 hs ñks;a;= 30 ls' fldgi m%Yak wxlh ,enQ ,l=Kq
 .Kl hka;% Ndú;hg bv fokq fkd,efí'
1
A 2
3
A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd
4
 ish¨u m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fuu m;%fhau
B 5
imhkak' Tfí ms<s;=re" m%Yak m;%fha bv
i,id we;s ;ekaj, ,súh hq;=h' fï bv tl;=j
m%udKh ms<s;=re ,sùug m%udKj;a njo §¾>
ms<s;=re n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk njo
i,lkak'
wjidk ,l=Kq
B fldgi - rpkd b,lalfuka
 fuu fldgi m%Yak follska iukaú; fõ' wl=ßka
m%Yak folgu ms<s;=re imhkak'

iïmQ¾K m%Yak m;%hg kshñ; ld,h wjika

jQ miq A iy B fldgia tla ms<s;=re m;%hla
jk fia A fldgi Wäka ;sfnk fia wuqKd
úNd. Yd,dêm;sg Ndr fokak'

m%Yak m;%fha B fldgi muKla úNd.

Yd,dfjka msg;g f.k hdug Tng wjir
we;'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [fojeks msgqj n,kak'

 -2-

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

m%Yk
a ;=kgu ms<;
s =re imhkak'
(g = 10 N kg–1)

1. ,Sjr uQ,O¾uh Ndú; lr ùÿrej, idfmaCI >k;ajh - d fidhk f,i Tng kshuj we;' fï i|yd my;
±lafjk whs;u Tng imhd we;'
1' ógr fldaÿj 2' 50 g muK n/;s ùÿre wenh
3' msys odrh 4' c, n÷k
5' 20 g, 40 g, 80 g, 100 g mä lÜg,h 6' kQ,a len,s
7' ieye,a¨ ;=,d ;eáh

by; whs;u Ndú; lr wgjd .;a ieleiau my; rEmfha ±lafõ'

l2 l1

G
x

M2
M1

(a) ógr fldaÿfõ ialkaOh M f,i f.k moaO;sh ;sria iu;=,s;;djfha mj;sk úg M, M1, M2, l1 , l2
yd x w;r iïnkaOh ,shd olajkak'
[ G hkq ógr fldaÿfõ .=re;aj flakaøhhs' ]

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(b) fuysÈ kQ,a len,s Ndú; fkdlr ùÿre uQäh yd mäh ógr fldaÿj u; ;nd iunr l, yels nj
YsIHhl= mjihs' tf,i mÍCIKh isÿ lsÍu rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg jvd ksjerÈfõo @ Tfí ms<;
s =r
myokak'

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(c) by; a ys ,nd.;a iólrKfha l1 iajdh;a; úp,H f,i f.k ir, f¾Åh m%ia:drhla we§u i|yd
ilia lrkak'

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(d) i. m%ia:drfha wkql%uKh 0.8 yd M1 f,i iqÿiq mäh Tn f;dard .kafka hehs i,ld ùÿre uQäfha
ialkaOh M2 fidhkak'

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ii. ;=,d ;eáh ieye,a¨ fkdù thg ialkaOhla ;snqfka kï Tn d (i) fldgfia .Kkh l,
w.hg isÿjk n,mEu l=ulao @

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [f;jeks msgqj n,kak.

 -3-
(e) ±ka ùÿre wenh l2 msysgqfïu ;nd c, n÷kl uq¿ukskau .s,ajk ,È' túg fldaÿj ;sriaj iu;=,s;j
mj;ajd .ekSug M1 ys msysgqu l1 isg l3 olajd fjkia lsÍug isÿúh'

i. ùÿre wenh u; we;s jQ Wvql=re f;rmqu u ^.%Eï& f,i i,ld fuu kj iu;=,s;;dj i|yd
iólrKh f.dv k.kak'

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ii. by; (a) ys ,nd.;a iólrK yd e (i) ys ,nd.;a iólrKh ixhqla; lr ùÿrej, idfmaCI
>k;ajh i|yd iólrKhla f.dv k.kak'

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iii. by; C fldgfia w¢k ,o m%ia:drfha wka;(LKavh 0.1 kï yd l1 = 42 cm yd l3 = 24.5 cm

kï ùÿrej, idfmaCI >k;ajh fidhkak'

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2. AB f,day lïìfha f¾Çh m%idrK;dj fiùu i|yd fhdod.; yels mÍlaIKd;aul wegjqula rEmfha
±lafõ'

C D
A S
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
wp, Ndrh mßudKh
P

yqud, liqj

C ,CIHfhka új¾;kh lr we;s ,Sjrfha A ,CIHhg lïìh ;Èka iúlr we;s w;r D iQplh wi,
isria f¾Çh mßudKhla ;nd we;' ldur WIaK;ajfha§ ,Sjrh ;sriaj mj;S'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [isõjeks msgqj n,kak.

 -4-
(a) f¾Çh m%idrK;dj w¾: olajkak' tys tall i|yka lrkak'

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(b) yqud, liqfõ È. i;=gqodhlo@ fya;= olajkak'

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(c) fyd| ;dmc iam¾Yhla iy;sl lr.ekSug yqud,h we;=,a l, hq;af;a P ;=<sks' myokak'

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(d) ,Sjr oKav u; wp, Ndrhla /|ùu mÍlaIKfha ksrjoH;dj jeä lrkafka flfia±hs myokak'

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(e) S mßudKh u; iQplfha msysàug wkqrEm lshùu 1 mm kï oKafâ m%idrKh fldmuKo@

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(f) ldur WIaK;ajh 300C o yqud,fha WIaK;ajh 1000C o AB ys uq,a È. 50 cm o kï by; (e) fldgfia
i|yka f;dr;=re mokï lr .ksñka AB idod we;s f,dayfha f¾Çh m%idrK;dj ks¾Kh lrkak'

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(g) AB lïìh yqud,fha WIaK;ajhg m;aj we;s nj Tn ;yjqre lr.kafka flfiao@

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(h) fuu mÍlaIKfha§ isÿúh yels tla taldx. fodaIhla yd tla wyUq fodaIhla ,shd olajkak'

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [miajeks msgqj n,kak.

 -5-
3. (a) ksrfmaCI j¾;k wxlhka n1 yd n2 jk mdroDYH udOH folla ;, mDIaGhlska fjkaù ;sfí' fuu
udOH fol yryd wdf,dal lsrKhla .uka .kakd úg m;k fldaKh yd j¾;k fldaKh ms<sfj,ska i1
yd i2 fõ' fïjd w;r iïnkaOh ,shd olajkak'

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mdi,a YsIHfhla j¾;kh ms<n

s `oj yeoeßu i`oyd úoHd.drfha§
f,ai¾ loïnhla Wmfhda.S lr.kS' wdf,dal fmrkhla
Ndú;fhka weig ydkshla fkdjk mßos Tyq wdf,dalfha
;sj%;dj wvq lr .kS'

(b) iudka;r me;s we;s ùÿre l=Üáhla u;g i m;k fldaKhlska

i
f,ai¾ loïNh m;kh jQ úg tys bÈß .uka ud¾.h rEmfha
we`o fmkajkak'

(c) iudka;r me;s iys; i¾jiu ùÿre ;yvq ;=kla Ndú;fhka rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ iumdo ;%sfldaKdldr
gexlshla idod we;' ±ka tla uqyqK;la u;g i m;k fldaKhla iys;j f,ai¾ loïNh m;kh fõ'

i. bkslì
a ;s lsrKfha .uka ud¾.h by; rEmfha we`o fmkajkak'
ii. lsrKfha uq`M wm.ukh fldmuKo@

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(d) ±ka (c) fldgfia idok ,o gexlsh ùÿrej,g jvd wvq j¾;kdxlhla iys; mdroDYH øjhlska mqrjd
f,ai¾ loïNh i m;k fldaKhla iys;j m;kh ùug i,ihs'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [yhjeks msgqj n,kak.

 -6-
i. bkslaì;s lsrKfha .uka ud¾.h by; rEmfha olajkak'
ii. ùÿre ;yvq j, n,mEulska f;drj øj m%siauhlska isÿjk j¾;khla f,i (d) i wjia:dj
ie,lsh yels nj fya;= iys;j myokak'

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(e) by; i`oyka l, øj m%siauh u; i = 0 isg i = i0 olajd m;k fldaK iys;j m;kh jk lsrK fojk
uqyqK;ska ks¾.ukh fkdfõ' i > i0 úg lsrK fojk uqyqK;ska ks¾.ukh fõ'
i. i < i0 i`oyd lsrKfha .uka ud¾.h my; rEmfha w`oskak' ^ñka bosßhg Tng øj ldph muKla
ie,lsh yelsh'&

ii. i > i0 wjia:d i`oyd i iu`. lsrKfha wmu.k fldaKh d

uek i yd d w;r m%ia;drhla w`oskq ,efí' tys yevh
bosß rEmfha olajkak'

iii. øjfha j¾;kdxlh 1.40 nj yd my; o;a; Tng imhd ;sfí kï i0 ys w.h .Kkh lrkak'
Sin 450 36' = 0.714 Sin 140 24' = 0.2484 Sin 200 21' = 0.3477

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(f) fjk;a iumdo ;%sfldaKdldr øj m%siauhla i`oyd ,enqkq wju wm.uk fldaKh 400 la yd my; o;a;
Tng imhd ;sfí kï tu øjfha j¾;kdxlh .Kkh lrkak'
Sin 300 = 0.500 Sin 500 = 0.766

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F:\B\S~\2023 - Paper 12 Part A - Sinhala.pm7_Net 01

Asanka Printers - 0777 555 399 2023-01-27

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

 -7-

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

 -8-

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

 -1-

B fldgi - rpkd
m%Yak folgu ms<s;=re imhkak'
PAPER - 12

4. 1 rEmfha ±lafjk lr;a;fha uq¿ ialkaOh ^frdao y;ro we;=,;aj& M fõ' tys tla tla frdaofha ialkaOh m
1
ne.ska jk w;r N%uK wCIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2 fõ'
2
fuys r hkq frdaohl wrhhs' my; ±lafjk fldgiaj,g ms<s;=re iemhSfï§ jd; m%;f
s rdaOh fkdi,ld yßkak'

1 rEmh
(a) lr;a;h ;sria ìul ksh; m%fõ.hlska .uka .kakd wjia:djla i,lkak' lr;a;fha isg lr;a;hg
idfmaCIj isria ÈYdjg m%lafIamKh l< fnda,hla kej; lr;a;hgu jefgk nj fmkajd fokak'

±ka 2 rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ lr;a;h ;srig  fldaKhla wdk; r¿ ;,hla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj
my,g .uka .kakd wjia:djla i,lkak'
y

x

2 rEmh 

(b) i. lr;a;h wdk; ;,h Èf.a d ÿrla my,g meñKs úg tys .=re;ajdCI_K úNj Yla;sfha wvqùu
fldmuKo @
ii. lr;a;fha wdrïNl m%fõ.h Y=kH hehso wdk; ;,h Èf.a d ÿrla my,g meñKs úg tys
fõ.h V hehso i,ld d ÿrla my,g meñKs fudfydf;a lr;a;fha uq¿ ^W;a;drK + N%uK )
pd,l Yla;h s i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
iii. hdka;%sl Yla;s ixiaÓ;sho Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka" wdk; ;,h Èf.a lr;a;fha ;ajrKh a kï"
M
a = g sin nj fmkajd fokak'
(M+2m)
(c) ±ka fojk rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ p,kh jk lr;a;fha isg lr;a;hg idfmaCIj y ÈYdj Tiafia V
m%fõ.fhka m%lafIamKh l, fnda,hla i,lkak' (y ÈYdj 2 rEmfha olajd we;'&
(M+2m)
i. wdk; ;,h Èf.a fnda,fha ;ajrKh lr;a;fha ;ajrKhg jvd idOlhlska
M
jeä nj fmkajd fokak'
ii. fnda,h kej; lr;a;h mj;sk uÜgug ,Õd jk úg lr;a;h miqlr we;s x ÿr ^2 rEmh
n,kak'&

x =
4m
(M+2m)
sin 
2
cos  g(
V2
)
nj fmkajd fokak'

iii. lr;a;h mj;sk uÜgug ,Õd jk úg fnda,h wdk; ;,h Èf.a isÿ lr we;s úia:dmkh
d kï" ^lr;a;fha wdrïNl m%fõ.h Y=kH nj i,lkak'&

d = g
2V2
(
sin 
)
cos2  nj idOkh lrkak'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [fojeks msgqj n,kak.

 -2-
5. (a) èjks m%Njhla fõ.fhka .uka .kakd úg we;s jk my; ixisoaê i`oyd w;HdjYH ;;aj i`oyka
lrkak'
i. fvdma,¾ wdprKh
ii. iajksl .s.=reu
M VS
(b) rEmfha M u.ska oelafjkafka VS fõ.fhka jd;h 
yryd weoS hk W,aldjls . D hkq f¾vd¾ ;rx.
iïfm%aIK uOHia:dkhls' M yd D hd lrk
f¾Ldjg fldaKhla wdk; jq osYdjlg W,aldj
.uka lrñka ;sfí' fõ.h C yd ixLHd;h
f jq f¾vd¾ ;rx.hla D fj;ska W,aldj
fj;g fhduq lrkq ,efí' D
i. W,aldjg oefkk ixLHd;h
f1 kï f1 i`oyd m%ldYkhla VS , C ,  yd f
weiqßka ,shkak'

ii. W,aldfjka mrdj¾;kh lrk ;rx. kej; uOHia:dkh úiska ,nd .kakd ixLHd;h
f2 kï f2 i`oyd m%ldYkhla VS , C ,  yd f weiqßka ,shkak'
iii. D u.ska úfudaÑ; yd ksßCIs; ixLHd;j, fjki f kï

(f ) C
VS Cos  = nj fmkajkak' (C >> VS f,i .kak)
2f

iv. D u.ska úfudaÑ; f¾vd¾ ;rx. j, ;rx. wdhduh 0.1 m fõ' f = 7 GHz o
= 600 o jk úg W,aldfõ fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'

(c) by; i`oyka W,aldj jd;h ;=<k s a

we§ hdfï§ tys msysgï q ;=kla
S1 , S2 yd S u.ska oelafõ'
S1 ys W,aldj ;sìhoS ìysjQ èjks S1 S2 S
VS
;rx. fmruqK w1 u.skao S2 ys w2
W,aldj ;sìhos ìys jq 
;rx.fmruqK w2 u.skoa w1 B
ksrEmKh fõ'
A

i. S1 isg S olajd .uka lsÍug W,aldjg .; jq ld,h t kï

1' w1 ys wrh V yd t weiqßka ,shkak' fuys V hkq jd;h ;=, èjks m%fõ.hhs'
2' S1S ÿr i`oyd m%ldYkhla VS yd t weiqßka ,shkak'
3' uela wxlh w¾: olajd uela fla;= fldaKh () i`oyd m%ldYkhla uela wxlh weiqßka
jHq;ma kak lrkak
1
ii. Sin  = kï jd;h ;=, èjks fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
2
(d) by; W,aldj S1 ys we;s úg ksl=;a l, w1 ;rx. fmruqK ksid iajksl .s.=reula A ys isák
ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrhs' W,aldj S2 ys we;s úg ksl;
= a l, w2 ;rx. fmruqK ksid iajksl .s.=reula
B ys isák ksÍlaIlhd Y%jKh lrhs' S1S ÿr .uka lsÍug W,aldjg .; jQ ld,h 4 s ls' A yd B ys
isák ksÍlaIlhskga wefik iajksl .s.=reïj, èjks ;sj%;d uÜgï ms<fs j<ska 100 dB yd 120 dB fõ'
S1A yd S2B ÿr m%udK .Kkh lrkak'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake F:\B\S~\2023 - Paper 12 Part B - Sinhala.pm7_Net 01

Asanka Printers - 0777 555 399 2023-01-27
 2023 -1-

THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER

2023 Tlaf ;daï n¾

2023
October 2023

one hour and 30 minutes

úNd. wxlh (

PAPER - 12

Important For inspector's use only

 This question paper consists of part A and For the second paper
part B. The time allocated for both parts is Question
Part Marks
one hour and 30 minutes. Number
 Usage of calculators is not permitted. 1
A 2
Part A - Structured Essay 3
4
 Answer all questions on this paper itself. Write
B 5
your answer in the space provided for each
question. Note that the space provided is Total
sufficient for your answer and extensive
answers are not expected.

Part B - Essay Final Marks

 This part consists is two questions. Answer
all two. At the end of the time allocated In numbers
for this paper, tie the two parts together so In words
that part A is on the top of part B and hand
over the paper to the supervisor.
You are permitted to remove only part B of
the question paper from the examination hall.

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See the second page]

 -2-

Part A - Structured Essay

Answer all 3 questions
(g = 10 N kg–1)

1. You are required to find the relative density - d of glass using the principle of levers. You are given the
following items for this,
1. Meter ruler 2. A glass stopper of 50 g
3. Knife edge 4. Water container
5. Weights of 20 g, 40 g , 80 g, 100 g 6. Threads
7. Pan balance. (weightless)

Below is a diagram of the setup made using the above items.

l2 l1

G
x

M2
M1

(a) By taking the mass of the meter ruler as M, write down the relation between M, M1, M2, l1 , l2 and
x , when the system is at horizontal equilibrium.
[ G is the center of gravity of the meter ruler]

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(b) A student says the meter ruler can be balanced by just keeping the glass stopper and the weight on
the meter ruler without the use of strings. Will doing the experiment like that be more accurate than
that given in the diagram? Explain your answer.

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(c) Arrange the equation you obtained in (a) above in order to draw a straight line graph, by taking l1 as
the independant variable.

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(d) i. Suppose you choose the suitable weight as M1 and the gradient of the graph is 0.8, find
the mass M2 of the glass stopper.

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ii. What will be the effect on the value you calculated in d (i), if the pan balance had a mass?

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See the third page]

 -3-
(e) Now, the glass stopper is immersed in a water container by keeping it at the same distance of l2. In order to
keep the ruler at horizontal equilibrium, location of M1 had to be changed from l1 to l3.

i. By considering the upthrust on the glass stopper as 'u' (grams) formulate the equation for this new
equilibrium.

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ii. Combine the equation obtained in (a) and e (i) and formulate an equation for the relative density of
glass.

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iii. If the intercept of the graph drawn in part (c) is 0.1, and l1 = 42 cm and l3 = 24.5 cm, find the relative
density of glass.

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2. The linear expansitivity of rod AB can be found using the following experimental setup.

C D
A S
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fixed load Scale
P

Steam jacket

The rod is tightly fixed to the point A of the lever which is pivoted from point C. A vertical scale is
positioned near the pointer D. The lever stays horizontally in room temperature.

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See page four]

 -4-
(a) Define linear expansivity. Mention its units.

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(b) Is the length of steam jacket favorable? Give reasons.

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(c) The steam should be let in via P for a good thermal contact. Explain.

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(d) Explain how the placement of a stationary load on lever arm increases the accuracy of the
experiment.

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(e) How much is the expansion of the rod if the corresponding reading for the pointer's position is 1 mm

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(f) Room temperature 300 C, steam temperature 1000 C, initial length of AB 50cm. Calculate the linear
expansivity of the material of AB rod based on the information provided above in part 'e'

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(g) How do you confirm that the AB rod has reached steam temperature.

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(h) State one systematic error and one random error which can occur during the experiment.

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See page five]

 -5-
3. (a) Two transparent media of absolute refractive indices n1 and n2 are separated by a plane surface. As
a light ray passes thrugh these two media, the incident angle and refractive angle are i1 and i2
respectively. Write down the relationship between these values.

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A school student uses a laser beam in the laboratory to investigate regarding refraction. He reduces
the intensity of the light using a light filter to protect his eyes.

(b) Draw the path of the beam after it reaches one of the
parallel edges of a glass block with an incident angle of i .
Use the diagram given here.

(c) An equilateral triangular tank is made using three identical glass sheets with parallel faces, as shown
in the figure below. Now , the laser beam is incident on one of the faces with an incident angle of i.

i. Draw the path of the subsequent ray in the above diagram.

ii. What is the total deviation of the ray?

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(d) Now the tank in part (c) is filled with a transparent liquid of refractive index lower than glass. The
laser beam is allowed to incident one of the sides with an angle of incidence of i.

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See page six]

 -6-
i. Draw the path of the subsequent ray in the above diagram.
ii. Clarify with reasons, that the scenario in (d) i. can be considered as a refraction through a
liquid prism, without the effect of the glass sheets.

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(e) Rays incident on the above mentioned liquid prism with an angle of incidence from i = 0 to i = i0 do
not emerge from the second face. Rays emerge from the second face when i > i0

i. Draw the path of the ray when i < i0 in the diagram given below. ( from here on , you can
consider the liquid lens alone)

ii. A graph is plotted using the i and d (angle of d

deviation) values obtained for when i > i0. Sketch the
shape of this graph in the given diagram.

iii. The refractive index of the liquid is 1.40. Additionally, you are provided with the data given
below. Find the value of i0.
Sin 450 36' = 0.714 Sin 140 24' = 0.2484 Sin 200 21' = 0.3477

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(f) If the angle of minimum deviation of another equilateral triangular liquid prism is 400 , find the
refractive index of the liquid using the additional data given below.
Sin 300 = 0.500 Sin 500 = 0.766

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

 -8-

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake

 -1-

Part B - Essay
Answer both questions
PAPER - 12

4. Mass of the trolley shown in figure 1 (including the 4 wheels) is M. Each wheel has a mass of m and a
1
moment of inertia of mr2 about their rotational axes. r is the wheel radius. Neglect air resistance when
2
answering the following questions.

figure 01
(a) Consider that the trolley is travelling with a constant velocity along a horizontal ground. prove that
a ball thrown vertically up with respect to the trolley , from inside the trolley will fall back into the
trolley.
Now, consider that the trolley is travelling down a rough inclined plane of inclination  to the
horizontal , without slipping , as shown in figure
y

x

figure 02 
(b) i. What is the reduction of the trolley 's gravitational potential energy as it travels down a
distance d along the plane?
ii. Considering the initial velocity of the trolley to be zero , and the velocity after it travels a
distance d along the plane to be V , find an expression for the total kinetic energy of the trolley
after travelling a distance d. ( translational + rotational)
iii. Using the conservation of mechanical energy , shown that the acceleration of the trolley
along the plane (a) is given by ;
M
a = g Sin 
(M + 2m )
(c) While travelling as shown in figure 2 , a ball is projected from inside the trolley at velocity V along
direction y , with respect to the trolley. ( y direction is shown is in figure 2 )
i. Shown that the acceleration of the ball along the inclined plane is greater than that of the
(M + 2m )
trolley by a factor of
M
ii. When the ball reaches the same level as the trolley again , it has passed the trolley by a
distance x . ( see figure 2 ) show that ;
4M Sin  V2
x =
(M + 2m ) (
Cos 2  g )
iii. When the ball reaches the same level as the trolley , the ball has travelled a displacement d
along the inclined plane. (take that the trolley was initially at rest ) . prove that ;

2V 2 Sin 
d =
g ( Cos 2  )
Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [See page two]
 -2-
5. (a) Mention the conditions that are compulsory to achive the following states when a sound source is
travelling at high speed.
i. Doppler effect
ii. Sonic boom

(b) M in the figure is a meteor dragging through air at a M VS

speed of Vs. D is a radar wave transmission center.

The direction of motion of the meteor is at an angle
 to the line joining M and D. D directs a radar
wave of speed C and frequency f towards the
meteor.
i. If the frequency observed by the meteor is
f1, write down an expression for f1 in terms D
of Vs, C, and f.

ii. If the waves reflected by the meteor are recieved by the tranmission center with a frequency
f2, write an expression for f2 in terms of Vs, C, and f.
iii. If the diffrence between frequncies emitted and observed by D is f, show that,
(f ) C
VS Cos  = (Consider that C >>VS)
2f

iv. The wave length of radar waves emitted by D is 0.1 m. Calculate the speed of the meteor
when f = 7 GHz and = 600.

(c) S1, S2 and S are three locations of

the meteor as it drags through the
atmosphere. w1 and w2 represent
the wave fronts formed when the S2
S1 S
meteor was at S1 and S2 VS
resprectively. w2


w1 B
A

i. If the time taken by the meteor to travel from S1 to S was t,

1. Write down the radius of w1 in terms of V and t. Here, V is the velocity of sound in air.
2. Write an expression for the distance S1 S in terms of VS and t.
3. Define the mach number and derive an expression for the angle of the mach cone ()
using the mach number.
1
ii. Calculate the speed of sound through air if Sin  =
2

(d) An observer at A hears a sonic boom bue to the wave front w1 formed when the meteor was at S1.
Similarly, an observer at B hears a sonic boom due to the waves front w2 formed by the meteor at S2.
The meteor travelled the distance S1S in 4 s. The sound intensity levels of the sonic booms as heard
by the observers at A and B were 100 dB and 120 dB. Calculate the distances S1A and S2B.

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