INNOVATIVE WRITEUP PROJECT

TITLE : IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON

HEALTH,EDUCATION,
ECONOMYAND ENVIRONMENT

NAME : Aditya Kumar Singh

ROLL NO : 2206233
SECTION : A-17
SUBJECT : Environmental science(CH10003)
PROFESSOR NAME : Krushna Gopal Mishra
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my professor Mr. Krushna Gopal
Mishra, who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful Innovative Write up Project.

I came to know about so many new things I am

really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
 INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW - WHAT IS CORONA VIRUS

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses which
may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans,
several coronaviruses are known to cause
respiratory infections ranging from the common cold
to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

WHAT IS COVID-19
In 2019, a new coronavirus was
identified as the cause of a disease
outbreak that originated in Wuhan,
China, in december 2019..

The virus is known as severe acute

respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2). The disease it
causes is called coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March
2020, the World Health
Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.

SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable but often include
fever,[8] cough, headache,[9] fatigue, breathing difficulties, loss
of smell, and loss of taste.[10][11][12] Symptoms may begin
one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third
of people who are infected do not develop noticeable
symptoms.[13] Of those who develop symptoms noticeable
enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to
moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14%
develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than
50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical
symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan
dysfunction).[14] Older people are at a higher risk of
developing severe symptoms. Some people continue to
experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months after
recovery, and damage to organs has been observed.[15] Multi-
year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term
effects of the disease.

TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19
COVID-19 spreads between people through direct,
indirect (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or
close contact with infected people via mouth and nose
secretions. These include saliva, respiratory secretions or
secretion droplets. These are released from the mouth or
nose when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks
or sings, for example. People who are in close contact
(within 1 metre) with an infected person can catch COVID-
19 when those infectious droplets get into their mouth,
nose or eyes.
People with the virus in their noses and throats may leave
infected droplets on objects and surfaces (called fomites)
when they sneeze, cough on, or touch surfaces, such as
tables, doorknobs and handrails. Other people may
become infected by touching these objects or surfaces,
then touching their eyes, noses or mouths before cleaning
their hands.

HOW TO REDUCE
TRANSMISSION RISK
To prevent infection and to slow transmission of COVID-
19, Follow the following precautions mentioned by WHO : 

 Get vaccinated when a vaccine is available to you.

 Stay at least 1
metre apart from
others, even if
they don’t appear
to be sick.
 Wear a properly
fitted mask when
physical
distancing is not
possible or when in poorly ventilated settings.
 Choose open, well-ventilated spaces over closed
ones. Open a window if indoors.
 Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or
clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.
 Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or
sneezing.
 If you feel unwell, stay home and self-isolate until you
recover.
 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH

The previous century saw three major pandemics: the first

(Spanish flu) caused by influenza A (H1N1) killed around
20-50 million people and caused a loss in the global gross
domestic product (GDP) of around 16 per cent6. The other
two in 1957 and 1968 were relatively milder but still killed
nearly one million6. A novel influenza virus made a
dramatic appearance in Mexico in March 2009 in the form
of a H1N1 subtype. The pandemic swept the whole world,
and killed 18,449 people in 214 countries7.

In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of a

disease outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China, in december
2019..
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever,
tiredness, and dry cough. Some patients may have
aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore
throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild
and begin gradually. Some people become infected
but don’t develop any
symptoms and don't feel
unwell. Most people
(about 80%) recover from
the disease without
needing special
treatment. Around 1 out
of every 6 people who
gets COVID-19 becomes
seriously ill and
develops difficulty breathing. Older people, and
those with underlying medical problems like high
blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are
more likely to develop serious illness. People with
fever, cough and difficulty breathing should seek
medical attention.

The health impact of COVID-19 has been devastating. By mid-

October 2021, 240 million
people had contracted the
virus with nearly 4.9 million
dying from it. Moreover,
millions of survivors suffer
from long-lasting symptoms
that prevent a return to
normal life. Mental distress
has increased substantially.
There has also been a clear social gradient to the risk of
infection and death from the virus. Furthermore, COVID-19 has
disrupted health care for people with other needs. For
example, cancer screening was frequently delayed, non-urgent
surgeries postponed, emergency department use dropped, and
waiting times for elective surgeries increased. Nevertheless,
vaccinations have been a game changer in 2021, reducing the
risk of severe illness and death. However, vaccination hesitancy
among some population groups and waning vaccine
effectiveness are an ongoing challenge.

Global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed

inherent weaknesses in our preparedness and response.
The health systems have been grossly overwhelmed by
the pandemic.But so is strengthening the capacity of health
systems to respond swiftly and effectively.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON EDUCATION
Due to Covid-19, many changes came to our world and It
took some time for everyone to adopt the new normal. The
Covid-19 impact was everywhere, which resulted in the
closure of Schools and other educational institutions.
most governments decided to temporarily close the
schools to reduce the impact of Covid-19. Later it was
reopened for a few grades, which increased the number of
infection rates and then closed again.
In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use
of distance learning programmes and open educational
applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to
reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.
Though schools are closed, students are attending their
classes through various education initiatives like online
classrooms, radio programs. Though it is a good thing
happening on the other side, there are lots of students who
didn’t own the resources to attend the online classes suffer
a lot. Many students are struggling to obtain the gadgets
required for online classes.
Teachers who are all experts in Blackboard, Chalk, books,
and classroom teaching are really new to this digital
teaching.There is always a delay or cancellation of exams,
which leads to confusion for many students and there is no
room for curriculum.
This pandemic has not only affected the students but also
the Low-budget institutions and schools, resulting
in close-down the same.
There are both positive and negative matters happening
around us amid the Covid-19.
ONLINE LEARNING
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools across the world
began conducting classes via videotelephony software such
as Zoom, Google Classroom and/or Google Meet.Online
learning has become a critical lifeline for education, as
institutions seek to minimize the potential for community
transmission. Technology
can enable teachers and
students to access
specialized materials well
beyond textbooks, in
multiple formats and in
ways that can bridge time
and space.
Technology paves the way for education, thus helping the
students and teachers to connect virtually through online
classrooms, webinars, digital exams, and so on.

UNEQUAL ACCESS OF TECHNOLOGY

But the sad truth is that it is not available to many

students all over the world.
Lack of access to technology or fast, reliable internet access can
prevent students in rural areas and from disadvantaged
families. Lack of access to technology or good internet
connectivity is an obstacle to continued learning, especially for
students from disadvantaged families.

The pandemic posed several challenges in public and

private schools which included an expected rise in
dropouts, learning losses, and increase in digital divide.
The pandemic also called into question the readiness of
the systems, including teachers to address such a crisis
and sustainability of private schools.
However, COVID-19 also acted as a catalyst for digital
adoption in school education.
 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON ECONOMY
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON GLOBAL ECONOMY
The COVID-19 pandemic sent shock waves through the world
economy and triggered the largest global economic crisis in
more than a century. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-
reaching economic consequences[1] including the COVID-19
recession, the second largest global recession in recent history,
[2] decreased business in the services sector during the COVID-
19 lockdowns,[3] the 2020 stock market crash, which included
the largest single-
week stock
market decline since
the financial crisis of
2007–2008 and
the impact of COVID-19
on financial markets,[4]
[5][6][7][8][9] the 2021–
2022 global supply chain
crisis,[10] the 2021–2022 inflation surge, shortages related to
the COVID-19 pandemic including the 2020–present global chip
shortage, panic buying,[11][12][13][14] and price gouging.
[15] It led to governments providing an unprecedented amount
of stimulus. The pandemic was also a factor in the 2021–2022
global energy crisis and 2022 food crises.
A large general increase in prices was also attributed to the
pandemic. In part, the record-high energy prices were driven by
a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic
recession caused by COVID-19, particularly due to strong
energy demand in Asia.
 Covid-19 has had severe negative impacts on the global
economy. During 2020, the world's collective gross domestic
product (GDP) fell by 3.4 percent. To put this number in
perspective, global GDP reached 84.54 trillion U.S. dollars in
2020 – meaning that a 3.4 percent drop in economic growth
results in over two trillion U.S. dollars of lost economic output.
However, the global economy quickly recovered from the initial
shock, reaching positive growth levels again in 2021. That year,
it reached 92.3 trillion U.S. dollars and it is expected to
continue to grow in the coming years.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIAN ECONOMY
India is the world's
sixth-largest
economy, with a
Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) of $ 3.2
trillion.Although India
is one of the world's
fastest-growing
economies but the impact of coronavirus pandemic
on India has been largely disruptive in terms of
economic activity as well as a loss of human lives
particularly during the second wave of the virus in the
spring of 2021.
. Almost all the sectors have been adversely affected as
domestic demand and exports sharply plummeted with
some notable exceptions where high growth was observed
such as Ed-tech,Agri-tech,Online gaming,Med-tech and
Online media(such as OTT platforms and social media
sites).

Impact on Indian economy during Covid-19 pandemic.

From April to June 2020, India’s GDP dropped by a massive

24.4%. According to the latest national income estimates, in the
second quarter of the 2020/21 financial year (July to
September 2020), the economy contracted by a further 7.4%.
The recovery in the third and fourth quarters (October 2020 to
March 2021) was still weak, with GDP rising 0.5% and 1.6%,
respectively. This means that the overall rate of contraction in
India was (in real terms) 7.3% for the whole 2020/21 financial
year.

In the post-independence period, India's national income has

declined only four times before 2020 – in 1958, 1966, 1973 and
1980 – with the largest drop being in 1980 (5.2%). This means
that 2020/21 is the worst year in terms of economic
contraction in the country’s history, and much worse than the
overall contraction in the world.

Impact on Indian economy post Covid-19 pandemic

After two years and three waves of COVID-19

pandemic, the Indian economy started recovering
from the second quarter of Financial year 2022 even
as a few sectors struggled to regain pre-pandemic
momentum. Several high frequency indicators, growth
figures, and sectoral indicators signalled
recovery. India
registered 8.7%
growth in gross
domestic product
(GDP) in Financial
year 2022, which
surpassed the
prepandemic level
thus reviving our
hopes to become
third-largest
economy in the world by mid 2030s.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON ENVIRONMENT

The global disruption caused
by the COVID-19 has brought
about several effects on the
environment and climate.
Due to movement restriction
and a significant slowdown
of social and economic
activities, air quality has
improved in many cities with
a reduction in water
pollution in different parts of the world. Besides, increased
use of PPE (e.g., face mask, hand gloves etc.), their haphazard
disposal, and generation of a huge amount of hospital waste
has negative impacts on the environment.
Positive environmental effects
1. Reduction of air pollution and Greenhouse gases
emission : As industries, transportation and companies
have closed down, it has brought a sudden drop of
greenhouse gases emissions.
It is assumed that, vehicles and aviation are key
contributors of emissions and contribute almost 72%
and 11% of the transport sector's GHGs emission
respectively . The measures taken globally for the
containment of the virus are also having a dramatic
impact on the aviation sector. Many countries restricted
international travelers from entry and departure.
less consumption of fossil fuels lessens the Greenhouse
gases emission, which helps to combat against global climate
change.
2. Reduction of water pollution : During the lockdown period,
the major industrial sources of pollution have shrunk or
completely stopped, which helped to reduce the pollution
load . For instance, the river Ganga and Yamuna have
reached a significant level of purity due to the absence of
industrial pollution on the days of lockdown in India. It is
found that, among the 36 real-time monitoring stations of
river Ganga, water from 27 stations met the permissible
limit . This improvement of water quality at Haridwar and
Rishikesh was ascribed to the sudden drop of the number of
visitors and 500% reduction of sewage and industrial
effluents.
3. Reduction of noise pollution :quarantine and lockdown
measures mandate that people stay at home and reduced
economic activities and communication worldwide, which
ultimately reduced noise level in most cities . For instance,
noise level of Delhi the capital of India, is reduced drastically
around 40–50% in the recent lockdown period . According
to the Central Pollution Control Board of India, noise level of
residential area of Delhi is reduced 55 dB (daytime) and 45
dB (night) to 40 dB (daytime) and 30 dB (night)
respectively. As a result, city dwellers are now enjoying the
chirping of birds, which usually ranges from 40-50 dB.
4.  Ecological restoration and assimilation of tourist spots :
Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 and local restrictions, the
number of tourists have reduced in the tourist spots around
the world. As a result of restrictions tourist spots underwent
restoration and Nature gets a time to assimilate human
annoyance, and due to pollution reduction recently
returning of dolphins was reported in the coast of Bay of
Bengal and canals, waterways, and ports of Venice (Italy)
after a long decade.

Negative environmental effects

1.  Increase of biomedical waste generation : Since the
outbreak of COVID-19, medical waste generation is
increased globally, which is a major threat to public health
and environment. For sample collection of the suspected
COVID-19 patients, diagnosis, treatment of huge number of
patients, and disinfection purpose lots of infectious and
biomedical wastes are generated from hospitals. Such a
sudden rise of hazardous waste, and their proper
management has become a significant challenge to the local
waste management authorities.waste generated from the
hospitals (e.g., needles, syringes, bandage, mask, gloves, used
tissue, and discarded medicines etc.) should be managed
properly, to reduce further infection and environmental
pollution, which is now a matter of concern globally.
2. Safety equipment use and haphazard disposal : To protect
from the viral infection, presently peoples are using face
mask, hand gloves and other safety equipment, which
increase the amount of healthcare waste. It is reported that,
face mask and other plastic based protective equipment are
the potential source of microplastic fibers in the
environment . Usually, Polypropylene is used to make N-95
masks, and Tyvek for protective suits, gloves, and medical
face shields, which can persist for a long time and release
dioxin and toxic elements to the environment . Though,
experts and responsible authorities suggest for the proper
disposal and segregation of household organic waste and
plastic based protective equipment (hazardous medical
waste), but mixing up these wastes increases the risk of
disease transmission, and exposure to the virus of waste
workers
3. Municipal solid waste generation, and reduction of
recycling : waste recycling is an effective way to prevent
pollution, save energy, and conserve natural resources . But,
due to the pandemic many countries postponed the waste
recycling activities to reduce the transmission of viral
infection. due to disruption of routine municipal waste
management, waste recovery and recycling activities,
increasing the landfilling and environmental pollutants
worldwide.

CONCLUSION
“COVID-19 will reshape our world. We don’t yet know when
the crisis will end. But we can be sure that by the time it does,
our world will look very different. How different will depend
on the choices we make today.”
- Josep Borrell

As the coronavirus disease continues to spread across the

world following a trajectory that is difficult to predict. The
health, humanitarian and socio-economic policies adopted
by countries will determine the speed and strength of the
recovery.
But you can follow the basic precautions mentioned by
WHO and also mention earlier in this writeup to ensure the
safety of yourself and your loved ones.

REFERENCES
To complete this Innovative write up I have taken help
from Internet, Following websites links have been used in
the completion of this project file.
https://covid19.who.int
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
https://www.mohfw.gov.in
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov