PHYSICS ACTIVITY

SUBMITTED

BY

VISHWAJHAA BALRAM
Reg No: 2003388

NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL

No.51, Sholinganallur Main Rd, behind Pushkar Ramaniyam Apartment, New
Kumaran Nagar, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119

2023-2024
 BONA-FIDE CERTIEICATE
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2003388
Certified to be the bona-fide record of work done by
VISHWAJHAA BALRAM
Of class XII as Activity in topic
to assemble the components of a given electrical circuit
Narayana E-techno school, Chennai-600119 during the
academic year 2023-2024. Submitted for SSCE-Practical
Examination held on
_______________

Seal Principal

Date Internal External

Examiner Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria of the successful completion of

any task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who
made it possible. The constant guidance of these people and
encouragement provided by them crowned me efforts with success
and glory. I consider it as a privilege to express my gratitude to all
those who led and guided me in the course of this activity.

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to the

MANAGEMENT of my school for making it possible for me to be a
part this activity.

I would like to convey my sincere regards to my internal guide

Mr Shinoj for his valuable suggestions and necessary guidance
during the course of the activity.

I also take esteem privilege to thank Mr Yasir Muhammed who

has been the very backbone for the success behind the completion of
this activity.

Last but not the least I thank my PARENTS AND FRIENDS

who had been constant source of inspiration for the completion of this
activity.

Above all I thank the ALMIGHTY AND MY MASTER for

the blessing to complete this activity successfully.
 TYPES OF ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS

1.Rheostat

A rheostat, also known as a variable resistor, is an electrical

component that can vary the resistance in an electric circuit. It
is commonly used to control the flow of electric current or to
adjust the voltage level in a circuit. The resistance value of a
rheostat can be manually adjusted, allowing for precise
control over the electrical characteristics of a circuit.

Symbol in circuit diagram:

Types of rheostats:

1.Potentiometer:

A potentiometer is a three-terminal rheostat with a

sliding contact that moves along a resistive element. It is often
used as a voltage divider to obtain a variable output voltage
based on the position of the sliding contact. Potentiometers
are widely used in audio equipment, such as volume controls
and tone adjustments.

2.Rheostat:
A rheostat is a two-terminal rheostat that adjusts the
resistance in a circuit. It is typically used to control the flow
of current. By changing the resistance value, the amount of
current passing through the circuit can be regulated. Rheostats
find applications in lighting control, motor speed control, and
temperature regulation.

3.Digital Rheostat:
 A digital rheostat, also known as a digital potentiometer,
is an electronic component that provides digital control over
resistance. It consists of an array of resistive elements and
electronic switches that can be controlled digitally. Digital
rheostats are often used in digital circuits, audio equipment,
and instrumentation, where precise and remote resistance
control is required.

4.Photoresistor:

A photoresistor, or light-dependent resistor (LDR), is a

type of rheostat that varies its resistance based on the intensity
of light falling on it. It is commonly used in light-sensitive
applications, such as automatic lighting systems, camera
exposure control, and light meters.
 2.Resistor

A resistor is an electrical component that restricts the

flow of electric current in a circuit. It is designed to have a
specific resistance value, which is measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistors dissipate electrical energy in the form of heat as
current passes through them, and they are commonly used to
control current, voltage, and power levels in electronic
circuits.

Symbol in circuit diagrams:

Types of Resistors:

1. Carbon Composition Resistor:

This type of resistor is made of a mixture of carbon

particles and an insulating material, such as ceramic. Carbon
composition resistors are inexpensive but tend to have larger
tolerances and higher noise levels compared to other types.

2. Film Resistor:

Film resistors use a thin layer of resistive material, such

as carbon or metal, deposited on a ceramic or fiberglass
substrate. They are more stable and have better tolerances and
lower noise levels than carbon composition resistors.
3. Wire wound Resistor:

Wire wound resistors are made by winding a resistive

wire, typically made of an alloy like nichrome, around a
ceramic core. They can handle higher power levels and have
lower temperature coefficients than other resistor types. Wire
wound resistors are commonly used in power electronics and
high-precision applications.

4. Variable Resistor:

Variable resistors, also known as potentiometers or

rheostats, allow for manual adjustment of resistance. They
have a mechanically adjustable contact that moves along a
resistive element, changing the resistance value.
 3.Voltmeter

A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure

the voltage or potential difference between two points in an
electrical circuit. It is connected in parallel across the
component or circuit being measured. The voltmeter's purpose
is to provide a numerical value that represents the voltage at
the specific location.

Symbol in circuit diagrams:

 4.Ammeter

An ammeter is an electrical instrument used to measure

electric current in a circuit. It is specifically designed to
measure the flow of electric current in amperes (A). An
ammeter is typically connected in series with the circuit under
measurement, meaning that the current being measured passes
through the ammeter itself.

Symbol in circuit diagrams:

5.Cell

A cell refers to an electrochemical device that converts

chemical energy into electrical energy. It is commonly known
as a battery. Cells consist of one or more electrochemical cells
connected together to provide a source of direct current (DC)
electricity. Each cell within a battery typically consists of two
electrodes (anode and cathode) immersed in an electrolyte
solution. The chemical reactions occurring within the cell
generate an electric potential difference (voltage) between the
electrodes, allowing the flow of electric current.

ACTIVITY

AIM:
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED:

 Resistor
 Ammeter
 Voltmeter
 Battery
 One way key
 Rheostat
 Sand paper
 Connecting wires

PROCEDURE
1. Connect the components as shown in diagram
 2. After closing the key K, check that the voltmeter and
ammeter show deflections on the right-hand side.

3. Check the continuity of the assembled circuit using a

multimeter

Assembling of given component

RESULT:
The components of the electrical circuit were assembled.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The positive terminal of the battery should be
connected to the
positive terminal of ammeter and positive terminal of the
voltmeter.
2. The ammeter should be connected in series with the
resistor and the voltmeter should be connected in parallel with
the resistor.
3. Sand paper should be used to clean the ends of
connecting wires and leads of the component terminals.
Grease/oil or oxide layer on their surfaces is insulating in
nature and needs to be removed. However, do not clean the
plugs and keys with sand paper. Excessive use of sand paper
in such a case will make the plug unfit to be used with the key