EARTH SCIENCE NOTES
- Are any gaseous materials
● PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 825,
s. 1975
- Any person, who shall litter
or throw garbage, filth, or
other waste matters in public
places, such as roads,
canals, esteros or parks,
shall suffer imprisonment of
not less than five days nor
more than one year or a fine
of less than 100 or more than
2,000 or both such fine.
>TYPES OF WASTE<
● SOLID WASTE
- Refer to wastes that are in
solid form.
- Freely flowing when being
transported or heated to 60
degrees and are not capable
of being picked up.
● BIODEGRADABLE - Waste
that is being composed by
microorganisms.
● NON - BIODEGRADABLE -
Wastes that cannot be
degraded quickly through
normal means.
● LIQUID WASTE
- Waste that is in liquid form.
- Can flow into the
environment as a result.
- Can flow into human and
animal excreta (solid or
animal waste like stool and
urine.)
● GAS WASTE
due to be discarded. (Motor
vehicles, factories, motor
gasses.)
- Industrial & Commercial
wastes.
- Caused by Anthropogenic
Activities (Human Activities).
- Carbon Dioxides
- They become pollutants to
the environment.
● HAZARDOUS WASTE
- Have properties that pose a
substantial threat to the
environment and to the
health of the public.
● TOXIC - Can cause injury
when inhaled or ingested (lab
chemicals)
● FLAMMABLE - Can easily
ignite or burn rapidly.
● CORROSIVE - Can burn skin
on contact and can erode
surface materials away.
● REACTIVE - Can react with
other substances to produce
toxic vapors or explosions.
(nuclear reactions)
● SPECIAL WASTE
- Special wastes need unique
regulatory requirements for
disposal.
● CLINICAL - Hospital,
dental,
pharmaceutical
wastes. (injections)
● ASBESTOS -
Contains the
hazardous mineral
asbestos in fiber
form. Can be inhaled
or ingested right away
and may cause lung
cancer.
>CAUSE OF WASTES<
● ANTHROPOGENIC WASTES
- Caused by humans
● NATURAL WASTES
- Those originating from the
environment. And usually
wastes that are produced by
the earth’s different natural
phenomena.
● RESIDENTIAL
- Wastes from residential
areas.
- Depends on the lifestyle and
habits of the residents.
● MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES (MSW) - Are
wastes from residential areas
that are commonly disposed
of by the local government.
● AGRICULTURAL
- Generate organic wastes
such as plant and animal
materials.
- Common wastes are
fertilizers.
● COMMERCIAL
- Supermarkets, restaurants,
commercial buildings, hotels,
auto mechanic workshops,
and others.
● MINING
- Include mine tailing which
are the waste left after ore
extraction from rock, harmful
gasses from blastings, and
overburden materials.
● INDUSTRIAL
- Consists of various materials
such as concrete, metals,
plastics, solvents and
hazardous wastes such as
paints and asbestos
● PHILIPPINE WASTE
- According to 2013 data, most
waste in the country comes
from residential and
household waste.
>EFFECTS OF WASTES<
● ECONOMIC AND AESTHETIC
IMPACT
- Pollution leads to a decline
in tourists and investors
● ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ● RADIOACTIVE
- Pollution adversely impacts POLLUTION -
the environment. It Thorium, radon, and
introduces substances and radium release
factors that alter the natural energy in the
environment. environment to
● SOIL - Degradation of achieve a more stable
valuable land form which
resources for undergoes
agriculture. radioactive decay.
● WATER - ● AIR POLLUTION -
Contamination of Caused by poisonous
bodies of water. gas and particulate
● AIR - Contribution to matter in the air.
the greenhouse ● THERMAL
effect. POLLUTION -
● MINING - Many toxic Release of excessive
wastes are from heat energy into the
mines. environment

● POLLUTION >MANAGING WASTES<

- Unwanted and harmful
change in the environment’s ● RECYCLING
condition. - Recovery and reprocessing
● WATER POLLUTION of materials from products
- Contamination of after they have been used by
water bodies that consumers
harm various aquatic
creatures that depend ● RECYCLING PAPER
on proper water - Turning used paper into pulp.
conditions The mixture is broken down
● SOIL POLLUTION - into fibers. Fibers are reused
Happens when soil is
stripped of its fertility ● RECYCLING PLASTICS
and nutrition, mainly - Nurdles are redesigned into
caused by chemicals new plastic products.
like pesticides and
insecticides. ● RECYCLING GLASS
- Sorted out by color, melted
and reshaped into new glass
products
● WASTE HIERARCHY
- A diagram which can guide
homes, schools, and
communities in making
decisions regarding effective
waste reduction and
management.
● REPUBLIC ACT 9003
- Most waste management
practices are governed by
the Republic Act 9003 known
as the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of
2000.
- This law aims to protect the
public’s health and the
environment through proper
waste disposal and
environment-friendly
methods in utilizing our
resources.

● INCINERATION
- This method involves the
combustion of waste.

● COMPOSTING
- The natural process of
recycling decomposed
organic materials into rich
fertile soils known as
composts.

● LANDFILL WASTE MANAGEMENT

- Involves the dumping of
wastes in a designated area.