UNIT 4: TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT

WRITING - MAPS

1. The structure of task 1 (~ 4 paragraphs)

Introduction: paraphrase the question
Overview: general statement + biggest changes
Body 1
Body 2
2. Writing introduction
The map(s) show(s) - the
graph illustrate(s) development/changes/growth/transformation
picture describe(s) of ….. between …. and …./(over a period of
chart depict(s) …years) from … to ….
demonstrate(s) - how …. change(d) over a period of … years
from … to …

3. Writing overview
Overview should include:
- General statement
- The biggest changes
Useful structure
Generally/Looking at the map(s), it is clear that the [khu vực] [see/witness/experience] [major changes/
striking transformations/ a significant modernization/ remarkable developments/]. Most noticeably, +
the biggest changes of the map(s).
4. Describing changes/positions
Map 2 bản đồ quá khứ – hiện tại. Có 2 cách ta có thể tiếp cận
– Cách 1: Chia bản đồ thành 2 nửa (trái – phải hoặc trên – dưới) để miêu tả và so sánh song song 2 bản
đồ (đi theo trình từ trái trước phải sau, trên trước dưới sau) => Recommended
– Cách 2: Miêu tả map 1 ở body 1, và những sự thay đổi ở map 2 ở body 2.
4.1. Miêu tả dân số:
(Place A) + has a population of + (number) + people
(Place A) + has + (number) + inhabitants.
The population of + (Place A) + is + (number)
Ví dụ:
Hanoi has a population of 8,000,000 people. (Hà Nội có dân số là 8,000,000 người.)
Hanoi has 8,000,000 inhabitants. (Hà Nội có 8,000,000 cư dân.)
The population of Hanoi is 8,000,000. (Dân số Hà Nội là 8,000,000 người.)
4.2. Miêu tả các con đường
Tuyến đường + run through/ pass through/ go through/ cross + địa điểm + hướng
Ví dụ:
The main road runs through the entire city from North to South. (Con đường chính chạy xuyên qua
thành phố theo hướng từ Bắc xuống Nam.)
4.3. Miêu tả vị trí
Ta sẽ có các từ vựng mô tả vị trí, nơi chốn, địa điểm như sau:
east/ west/ south/ north: đông/ tây/ nam/ bắc
left/ right/ top/ bottom/ middle/ centre: trái/ phải/ trên/ dưới/ giữa/ trung tâm
to be situated/ located/ positioned: nằm ở …
Ví dụ:
The hospital is located to the south of the river. (Bệnh viện nằm ở phía nam của con sông.)
The bank is situated in the center of the city. (Ngân hàng nằm ở ngay trung tâm thành phố.)
4.4. Miêu tả chiều dài
Đối với những bản đồ có chú thích về khoảng cách, kích thước, độ dài,… ta có thể dùng một trong các
cấu trúc sau:
(Địa điểm) + has a length of + (chiều dài)
(Địa điểm)’s total length is + (chiều dài)
(Địa điểm) + is + (chiều dài) + long
Ví dụ:
The river has a length of about 50 km. (Con sông có chiều dài khoảng 50km.)
The river’s total length is about 50 km. (Con sông có tổng chiều dài khoảng 50km.)
The river is about 50 km long.(Con sông dài khoảng 50km.)
4.5. Miêu tả sự thay đổi
Đây là phần hay được sử dụng để mô tả nhất trong bài writing task 1 dạng map. 1 đối tượng trong bản
đồ có thể có Có các trạng thái thay đổi sau:
Giữ nguyên
Nếu qua thời gian, một nơi nào đó không có sự thay đổi gì, nó giữ nguyên trạng như ban đầu, ta sẽ có
công thức:
(Địa điểm) + remain unchanged/still exist
Ví dụ: From 1980 to 2000, the school remained unchanged. (Từ năm 1980 đến năm 2000, ngôi trường
vẫn không có gì thay đổi.)
Mở rộng:
(Địa điểm) + to be + expanded/ extended/ widened
(Địa điểm) + become + bigger
Ví dụ: Between 2000 and 2005, the car park was slightly extended. (Giữa năm 2000 và 2005, bãi đậu
xe hơi được mở rộng.)
Kéo dài:
(Địa điểm) + to be + lengthened
Ví dụ: During the following 2 years, the industrial complex was significantly lengthened. (Trong 2 năm
sau đó, khu liên hợp công nghiệp được kéo dài đáng kể.)
Thu hẹp
(Địa điểm) + to be + narrowed
(Địa điểm) + become smaller
Ví dụ: The shopping mall was dramatically narrowed over the period of 5 years. (Trung tâm mua sắm
đã bị thu hẹp đáng kể trong khoảng thời gian 5 năm.)
Rút ngắn
(Địa điểm) + to be + shortened
Ví dụ: The railway line was slightly shortened from 1990 to 2000. (Tuyến đường sắt đã được rút ngắn
một chút trong khoảng thời gian từ năm 1990 đến năm 2000.)
Di chuyển
(Nơi nào đó) + to be + moved/ relocated to + (nơi mới)
Ví dụ: The school was relocated to the north of the village. (Ngôi trường đã được dời về phía bắc của
làng.)
Biến mất
(Nơi nào đó) + disappear
(Nơi nào đó) + to be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down
Ví dụ: The hospital was demolished. (Bệnh viện đã bị phá bỏ.)
Lưu ý: để mô tả rừng cây ta sẽ dùng cấu trúc:
Rừng cây + to be + cleared/ chopped down/ cut down
Ví dụ: The woodland was cut down. (Rừng cây đã bị đốn hạ.)
Xuất hiện/xây mới
(Nơi nào đó) + appear
(Nơi nào đó) + to be + built/ constructed/ erected
Ví dụ: A new school was built next to the car park. (Một ngôi trường mới được xây ngay cạnh bãi đỗ
xe ô tô.)
Bị thay thế
Nếu 1 địa điểm nào đó bị phá bỏ và nó bị thay thế bởi 1 cái khác, ta sẽ kết hợp công thức bên trên và
công thức thay thế.
(Nơi nào đó) + to be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + to make way for/ and replaced by +
(nơi mới).
(Nơi mới) + to be + built/ constructed// erected + to replace/ on the original site of + (nơi cũ)
Ví dụ:
The school was demolished and replaced by a new science block.
A new science block was built to replace the school.
5. Sample answer
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.

Introduction – paraphrase the questions

- The two maps -> the diagrams/pictures
- show -> illustrate
- an island before and after -> some changes to a small island
- the construction -> which has been developed
- of some tourist facilities -> for tourism
=> The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been developed for tourism.

Overview – General statement + biggest changes

- General statement: It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of
tourism, and six new features can be seen in the second diagram.
- Biggest changes: The main developments are that the island is accessible and visitors have
somewhere to stay.
=> It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of tourism, and six new
features can be seen in the second diagram. The main developments are that the island is accessible and
visitors have somewhere to stay.
3 + 4 – Body: compare 2 diagrams in each paragraph
=> Body 1: The central area
1. Small huts - accommodate visitors
Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built to accommodate visitors
to the island.
2. Reception – Restaurant
The other physical structures that have been added are a reception building, in the middle of the island,
and a restaurant to the north of the reception.
3. Compare
Before these developments, the island was completely bare apart from a few trees.
=> Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built to accommodate
visitors to the island. The other physical structures that have been added are a reception building, in the
middle of the island, and a restaurant to the north of the reception. Before these developments, the
island was completely bare apart from a few trees.

3 + 4 – Body: compare 2 diagrams in each paragraph

=> Body 2: The others
1. Pier:
As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island include a pier, where boats
can dock.
2. Footpath + vehicle track
There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths connect the
huts.
3. Swimming area
Finally, there is a designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the western tip of the island.
=> As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island include a pier, where
boats can dock. There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and restaurant, and
footpaths connect the huts. Finally, there is a designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the
western tip of the island.
Full answer: (175 words)
The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been developed for tourism.

It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of tourism, and six new
features can be seen in the second diagram. The main developments are that the island is accessible and
visitors have somewhere to stay.

Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built to accommodate visitors
to the island. The other physical structures that have been added are a reception building, in the middle
of the island, and a restaurant to the north of the reception. Before these developments, the island was
completely bare apart from a few trees.

As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island include a pier, where boats
can dock. There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths
connect the huts. Finally, there is a designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the western tip
of the island.